ENGLISH
FOR MEDIUM
SPECIAL
Russian Federation as a teaching aid
for students of educational institutions
secondary vocational education
Rostov-on-Don "PHOENIX"
Reviewer: Candidate of Philological Sciences V. S. Shvedova Publication consultant T.F.Povalyukhina
Agabekyan I.P.
A23 English for secondary specialized institutions. Series "Textbooks and teaching aids". Rostov n/a: “Phoenix”, 2001. - 320 With.
The textbook corresponds to the educational standard of secondary specialized institutions. Contains an introductory phonetics course, a basic grammar review course, reinforcement exercises, oral topics and reading texts.
For students of secondary specialized institutions.
ISBN 5-222-01564-5
BBK 81.2Ang-923
© Agabekyan I.P., 2001
© Design: Phoenix Publishing House, 2001
INTRODUCTORY PHONETICS COURSE 4
FEATURES OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION 4
READING RULES 6
Basic course 14
PRONOUNS 14
PERSONAL PRONOUNS 14
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 15
Demonstrative pronouns 15
WORD ORDER IN ENGLISH SENTENCE 16
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS 17
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 17
NUMERALS 21
PLURAL NOUNS 26
POSSESSIVE CASE OF NOUNS 29
INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES 30
TURNOVER there is / there are 35
DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 43
MAIN TYPES OF QUESTIONS USED IN ENGLISH 51
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS SOME, ANY, NEGATIVE PRONOUN N0 AND THEIR DERIVATIVES 58
ENGLISH VERB TENSE 60
COORDINATION OF TENSES IN THE MAIN AND SUBJECT CLAUSES 71
PASSIVE VOICE 76
MODAL VERBS AND THEIR SUBSTITUTES 79
COMPLEX ADDITION 84
SUBJECT CLAUSES OF CONDITION AND TIME, THE ACTION OF WHICH IS RELATED TO THE FUTURE 85
Appendix 1 106
Texts for further reading 106
Appendix 2 125
Additional reading texts 125
Here is a textbook designed for 4 semesters of work in colleges and secondary specialized educational institutions. The manual can also be used in preparatory courses and faculties of additional education, as well as for self-study. The main goal of the manual is to develop students’ reading and translation skills, extracting, processing and transmitting information to English language and also prepare for English language exams.
The manual consists of an introductory course containing a corrective course in phonetics (with rules for reading letters and letter combinations), a basic refresher course in grammar (in accordance with the requirements of the English language program for colleges and secondary specialized educational institutions) and applications.
Each lesson of the main course contains a brief summary of grammar material for the required sections with reinforcement exercises. The lessons include texts for reading and translation, which are also fully presented oral topics that are required for the entrance exam at universities. Thus, such compulsory school topics as: About myself, My working day, My day off, My friend, Traveling, Great Britain, London are considered.
The texts in Appendix 1 (My Favorite Writer, a series of regional studies topics - Moscow, USA, Russian Federation, etc.) are intended for classroom and extracurricular reading, developing skills in working with a dictionary and conveying content in English, as well as for preparing for entrance exams.
Appendix 2 can be used for classroom and extracurricular English language lessons, for additional and independent reading.
The manual ends with Appendix 3, which contains a list of the most common adverbs and a table of irregular verbs.
The textbook corresponds to the educational standard of secondary specialized institutions. Contains an introductory phonetics course, a basic grammar review course, reinforcement exercises, oral topics and reading texts.
NUMERALS.
(The Numerals)
Numerals indicate the number of objects or the order of objects when counting.
Numerals are divided into quantitative ones, answering the question “how many?” and ordinal ones, answering the question “which?”
Cardinal numbers 13 to 19 are formed by adding the suffix -teen to the stem.
Numerals denoting tens have the suffix -ty. Ordinal numbers other than the first three (first, second, third) are formed by adding the suffix -th or -eth to the corresponding cardinal numbers. They are always used with the definite article.
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The textbook complies with the state educational standard and program requirements for foreign languages for secondary specialized educational institutions. Contains an introductory phonetic course, thematic texts for reading, a lesson-based grammar reference book with reinforcement exercises, grammar and vocabulary tests.
For students of secondary specialized educational institutions, lyceums and colleges.
Members of the sentence.
A sentence is a combination of words that expresses a complete thought:
Words that are part of a sentence and answer a question are called sentence members. The members of a sentence are divided into main and secondary.
The main members of a sentence are the subject and the predicate; secondary members of the sentence - addition, definition and circumstances.
The subject is a member of a sentence that denotes an object or person about which something is said in the sentence. The subject answers the question who? or what?
A predicate is a member of a sentence that denotes what is said about the subject. The predicate answers the questions: what does the subject do? what is done with the subject? who or what the subject is
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Previous articles:
The textbook corresponds to the educational standard of secondary vocational institutions. Contains an introductory course in phonetics” and a basic repeat course in grammar; consolidating exercises” oral topics and reading texts. For students of secondary vocational institutions.
Grammar. Pronouns.
Pronouns are used in a sentence instead of a noun or adjective. The pronoun names people, objects or signs already mentioned earlier. For example:
Peter gave Kate a book. She took it.
Petya gave Katya a book. She took it.
You have a good dictionary. I want to buy such a dictionary.
You good dictionary. I want to buy such a dictionary.
Boy, woman, this, what, car, they, etc. - all these are words.
Words denoting people: boy, woman, teacher, baby, etc.
The question word who refers to words denoting people.
The question word what refers to words that mean things.
However, please note:
Who is he? Who is he? (what's his name) Not Mr Johnson.
What is he? Who is he? (by profession) He is a teacher.
CONTENT
From the author
Introductory phonetics course
Main course
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
Lesson 8
Lesson 9
Lesson 10
Lesson 11
Lesson 12
Lesson 13
Lesson 14
Lesson 15
Lesson 16
Lesson 17
Annex 1
Texts for further reading
(Oral Topics)
Appendix 2 Additional Texts for Reading
Additional reading texts
Appendix 3.
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The following textbooks and books:
Series "Textbooks and teaching aids"
I.P. Aghabekyan
ENGLISH
FOR MEDIUM
SPECIAL
Russian Federation as a teaching aid
for students of educational institutions
secondary vocational education
Rostov-on-Don "PHOENIX"
Reviewer: Candidate of Philological Sciences V. S. Shvedova Publication consultant T.F.Povalyukhina
Agabekyan I.P.
A23 English for secondary specialized institutions. Series "Textbooks and teaching aids". Rostov n/a: “Phoenix”, 2001. - 320 With.
The textbook corresponds to the educational standard of secondary specialized institutions. Contains an introductory phonetics course, a basic grammar review course, reinforcement exercises, oral topics and reading texts.
For students of secondary specialized institutions.
ISBN 5-222-01564-5
BBK 81.2Ang-923
© Agabekyan I.P., 2001
© Design: Phoenix Publishing House, 2001
INTRODUCTORY PHONETICS COURSE 4
FEATURES OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION 4
READING RULES 6
Basic course 14
PRONOUNS 14
PERSONAL PRONOUNS 14
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 15
Demonstrative pronouns 15
WORD ORDER IN ENGLISH SENTENCE 16
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS 17
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 17
NUMERALS 21
PLURAL NOUNS 26
POSSESSIVE CASE OF NOUNS 29
INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES 30
TURNOVER there is / there are 36
DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 43
MAIN TYPES OF QUESTIONS USED IN ENGLISH 51
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS SOME, ANY, NEGATIVE PRONOUN N0 AND THEIR DERIVATIVES 58
ENGLISH VERB TENSE 60
COORDINATION OF TENSES IN THE MAIN AND SUBJECT CLAUSES 71
PASSIVE VOICE 76
MODAL VERBS AND THEIR SUBSTITUTES 79
COMPLEX ADDITION 84
SUBJECT CLAUSES OF CONDITION AND TIME, THE ACTION OF WHICH IS RELATED TO THE FUTURE 86
Appendix 1 106
Texts for further reading 106
Appendix 2 125
Additional reading texts 125
The manual consists of an introductory course containing a corrective course in phonetics (with rules for reading letters and letter combinations), a basic refresher course in grammar (in accordance with the requirements of the English language program for colleges and secondary specialized educational institutions) and applications.
Each lesson of the main course contains a brief summary of grammar material for the required sections with reinforcement exercises. The lessons include texts for reading and translation, which are also fully presented oral topics that are required for the entrance exam at universities. Thus, such compulsory school topics are considered as: About myself, My working day, My day off, My friend, Traveling, Great Britain, London.
The texts in Appendix 1 (My Favorite Writer, a series of regional studies topics - Moscow, USA, Russian Federation, etc.) are intended for classroom and extracurricular reading, developing skills in working with a dictionary and conveying content in English, as well as for preparing for entrance exams.
Appendix 2 can be used for classroom and extracurricular English language lessons, for additional and independent reading.
The manual ends with Appendix 3, which contains a list of the most common adverbs and a table of irregular verbs.
Good luck!
Transcription icons for sounds are enclosed in square brackets:
a) vowels
Long
th [i] - short, open and
[e] - e in words this one
[ge] - more open than e
[a:] - long, deep a
[o] - short, open o
[e:] - long o
[o] - closed, close to y sound o
[i] - short with weak rounding of lips
[l] - short vowel, approaching Russian a in words cook, scold
[z] is an unstressed vowel, reminiscent of the Russian unstressed vowel in the words: need a hammer
[e:] - absent in Russian, intermediate between o and e,
b) two-vowel (diphthongs)
Whoa
c) consonants
[w] - a sound produced with the position of the lips, as in b, but with a small hole between the lips, as in a whistle
both, the tip of which is placed between the front teeth as in the lisping Russian z
[t] - t, pronounced not at the teeth, but at the gums
[d] - d, pronounced not at the teeth, but at the gums
[g] - the sound is pronounced without vibration of the tip of the tongue, unlike the Russian r
[J] - soft Russian sh
[z] - soft Russian in a word rein- called h
Rear lingual n, pronounced with the back
dorsum of tongue
[h] - simple exhalation
Some English consonants have a double reading, combinations of two consonants can convey one consonant sound, and 6 vowel letters convey 20 vowel sounds depending on the position of the vowel in the word (stressed or unstressed) and the type of syllable (open or closed).
