Monument to A.S. Pushkin in Tsarskoe Selo (photo by the author of the article, 2011)
The poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” was written in 1836, six months before Pushkin’s death. Not the best better times the poet was worried then. Critics did not favor him; the tsar banned him from the press. best works, gossip spread in secular society about his person, in family life everything was far from rosy. The poet was short of money. And his friends, even his closest ones, treated all his hardships with coolness.
It is in such a difficult situation that Pushkin writes a poetic work, which over time becomes historical.
The poet seems to be summing up his work, sincerely and frankly sharing his thoughts with the reader, assessing his contribution to Russian and world literature. A correct assessment of his merits, an understanding of future glory, recognition and love of his descendants - all this contributed to helping the poet calmly deal with slander, insults, “not demand a crown from them,” and be above it. Alexander Sergeevich speaks about this in the last stanza of the work. Perhaps it was precisely the painful thoughts about misunderstanding and underestimation of him by his contemporaries that prompted the poet to write this important poem.
“I have erected a monument to myself not made by hands” is to some extent an imitation famous poem"Monument" (which in turn is based on a poem by Horace). Pushkin follows Derzhavin’s text, but puts a completely different meaning into his lines. Alexander Sergeevich tells us about his “disobedience”, that his “monument” is higher than the monument to Alexander I, the “Alexandrian Pillar” (opinions of literary researchers about which monument we are talking about differ). And that people will constantly come to his monument, and the road to it will not be overgrown. And as long as poetry exists in the world, “as long as at least one piit is alive in the sublunary world,” the poet’s glory will not fade.
Pushkin knows for sure that all the numerous nations that make up “Great Rus'” will treat him as their poet. Pushkin deserved the love of the people and eternal recognition because his poetry awakens “good feelings” in people. And also because he “glorified freedom”, fought as best he could, creating his important works. And he never stopped believing in the best, and for the “fallen” he asked for “mercy.”
Analyzing the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,” we understand that this work is a philosophical reflection on life and creativity, it is an expression of its poetic purpose.
The genre of the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” is an ode. It is based on the main Pushkin principles: love of freedom, humanity.
The meter of the poem is iambic hexameter. He perfectly conveys the determination and clarity of the poet’s thoughts.
In the work not only " phraseological combinations, but also a single word, entails a whole range of associations and images that are closely connected with the stylistic tradition that was familiar to lyceum poets.”
The number of stanzas in the poem is five. The last stanza is kept in a solemn and calm tone.
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
The function of polysyndeton is “to encourage the reader to generalize, to perceive a number of details as a whole image. When perceived, the specific is transformed into the generic, namely, “the peoples of the Russian Empire.”
The idea of the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” is most likely inspired by the memories of Pushkin. It was he, the closest and devoted friend of Alexander Sergeevich, who was the first to understand the greatness of Pushkin and predicted his immortal glory. During his life, Delvig helped the poet in many ways, was a comforter, protector, and in some ways even Pushkin’s teacher. Anticipating his imminent death and saying goodbye to creative activity, Pushkin seemed to agree with Delvig’s words, asserting that his prophecies would come true, despite the narrow-minded fools who were destroying the poet as they had destroyed his brother “in muse and fate,” Delvig himself, five years earlier.
(full text of the poem)
Exegi monumentum*.
I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands,
The people's path to him will not be overgrown,
He ascended higher with his rebellious head
Alexandrian Pillar.
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the treasured lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will escape -
And I will be glorious as long as I am in the sublunary world
At least one piit will be alive.
Rumors about me will spread throughout Great Rus',
And every tongue that is in it will call me,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tunguz, and friend of the steppes Kalmyk.
And for a long time I will be so kind to the people,
That I awakened good feelings with my lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom
And he called for mercy for the fallen.
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Without fear of insult, without demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently,
And don't argue with a fool.
*) I erected a monument.. (beginning of Horace’s poem)
It is symbolic that “I erected a monument to myself...” was written just a few months before the poet’s tragic death, in 1836. The poem was not published and was not known even to Pushkin’s closest friends - it was discovered after his death, when they began to sort out the papers left by Alexander Sergeevich.
The history of the creation of the “Monument” remains a mystery to this day. Some researchers argue that Pushkin's poem is an imitation of similar works that were created in abundance by writers of the 18th century (including Derzhavin and Lomonosov, so valued by Pushkin). Others—and most of the poet’s friends shared this opinion—believed that by writing lines about the monument, Pushkin was making fun of his own difficult situation. Despite the fact that the poet received recognition during his lifetime, this did not bring him wealth, and Pushkin was forced to constantly mortgage and remortgage his property in order to provide funds for his family. "Miracle" in in this case- not self-praise, but subtle irony.
There is a third option: it is assumed that the poet somehow managed to foresee his own imminent death, and with the poem he drew a line under his creative heritage and vibrant literary life.
First of all, “I am a monument to myself...” is a poetry anthem, glorifying the person who composes poetry, noting his high importance in the life of the entire society. In this, the work is partly similar to the poems of the already mentioned Lomonosov and Derzhavin.
But despite the fact that the external form is very similar, Pushkin analyzed creativity more deeply, putting forward his own understanding of the creative process, its outcome and evaluation. Compared to the poets of past centuries, Pushkin is less elitist, his lyrics are addressed to the broad masses, which he emphasizes in the line “The people's path to him will not grow.” Rebellious, near-Decembrist elements in his work are also reflected here - Pushkin mentions that his miraculous monument ascended “with the head of the rebellious” higher than the Alexandria pillar - a symbol of royal power early XIX century.
The theme of people's increased interest in poetry runs through the entire poem - Pushkin says that his poems are read not only in the upper strata of society, listing some of the nationalities living on the territory of the Russian Empire.
Another important problem that the poet focuses on is the existence of creative heritage after the physical death of the creator, the immortality of poetry. “No, all of me will not die,” asserts Pushkin, resolving this issue for himself once and for all. The great Russian writer was confident that his work would resonate throughout the centuries - and he turned out to be right.
The problem of freedom, which could not be avoided without mention in the era of censorship and reaction, is adjacent to the theme of mercy, so important for Pushkin. On the one hand, the poet clearly did not agree with the reactionary policies and decisions of the emperor regarding the Decembrists, on the other hand, in the end life path inclined to believe that Christian, true mercy is more important than any political and social manifestations.
Structural analysis of the poem
In a small - only 5 stanzas - ode to his own poetry, Pushkin actively uses complex sentences, inverse word order and high vocabulary, thereby creating an elevated mood. The rich use of epithets, allegories, some archaism (piit, accepted, etc.), many personifications - all this creates an atmosphere of greatness, emphasizes special place poetry in the world.
The work is written in iambic 6 tetrameter with cross rhyme.
“Monument” certainly occupies a special place in the poetic heritage of Alexander Sergeevich. It sums up his many years of creativity, while at the same time raising Russian poetry to a height that for a long time remained practically unattainable.
The people's path to him will not be overgrown,
He ascended higher with his rebellious head
Alexandrian Pillar.
My ashes will survive and decay will escape -
At least one piit will be alive.
Rumors about me will spread throughout Great Rus',
10
And every tongue that is in it will call me,
Tunguz, and friend of the steppes Kalmyk.
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently,
20
And don’t argue with a fool.
I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands,
The people's path to him will not be overgrown,
He ascended higher with his rebellious head
Alexandrian Pillar.
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the treasured lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will escape -
And I will be glorious as long as I am in the sublunary world
At least one piit will be alive.
Rumors about me will spread throughout Great Rus',
10
And every tongue that is in it will call me,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tungus, and friend of the steppes Kalmyk.
And for a long time I will be so kind to the people,
That I awakened good feelings with my lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom
And he called for mercy for the fallen.
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Without fear of insult, without demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
20
And don’t argue with a fool.
“I ERECTED A MONUMENT TO MYSELF NOT MADE BY HANDS”
(Page 424)
Rumors about me [will spread] throughout Great Rus'
And every tongue in it will call me -
And [grandson of the Slavs], and Fin and now semiwild
[Tunguz] [Kyrgyz] and Kalmyk -
And for a long time I will be so kind to the people
What new sounds for songs I found
That in the wake of Radishchev I glorified freedom
[And aboutglow>]
To your calling, O Muse, be obedient
Without fear of insult, without demanding a crown
Crowds of praise and [expletive] were received with indifference
And don't argue with a fool
B. White autograph options.
(LB 84, l. 57 vol.)
3 Started: ABOUT <н>
5 No, I won’t die - the soul is in the immortal lyre
6 It will outlive me and flee from decay -
9 Rumors will spread about me throughout Great Rus'
12 Tunguz and the Kalmyk son of the steppes.
14-16
What new sounds for songs I found
That, following Radishchev, I glorified freedom
And sang mercy
14 That I awakened good feelings in songs
17 To your calling, O muse, be obedient
18 Do not be afraid of insult, without demanding a crown;
19 Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
Under the text: 1836
Aug.<уста> 21
Kam.<енный>spicy<ов>
Dated August 21, 1836. It was not published during Pushkin’s lifetime. First published in 1841 by Zhukovsky in the posthumous edition of Pushkin's works, vol. IX. pp. 121-122, with censorship distortions: 4 Napoleonic pillar; 13 And for a long time I will be kind to those people; 15 That the charm of living poetry was useful to me.
The restored original text was published by Bartenev in the note “On Pushkin’s poem “Monument”” - “Russian Archive” 1881, book. I, No. 1, p. 235, with facsimile. The initial versions were published by M. L. Goffman in the article “Posthumous Poems of Pushkin” - “Pushkin and His Contemporaries”, no. XXXIII-XXXV, 1922, pp. 411-412 and D. P. Yakubovich in the article “Rough autograph of the last three stanzas of the “Monument”” - “Pushkin. Temporary of the Pushkin Commission", vol. 3, 1937, pp. 4-5. (preliminary partial publication - in “Literary Leningrad” dated November 11, 1936 No. 52/197) See publication in
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - great poet, writer, and also, just very creative person. It is he who deserves to be respected and understood with all clarity, since in his works there is sincerity and sometimes simplicity, which is sometimes lacking in real life. Just hypocrisy and envy.
The work “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...” is very unusual, if only in its meaning and content. This work is large in size, and it rhymes every line, which is very convenient. The meaning of this work is very high, and it must be understood with all its clarity, since Pushkin in this poem writes about himself, writes that not everyone understands him, and many condemn him. In this work, Pushkin tries to convey both to the common people and to higher ranks that poets are people too, that they play a very large role in the life of society, and that things are not always as easy for them as they might seem. Pushkin made this poem, which consists of only five stanzas - an ode, and also something like a hymn, which should lead people, show that poets are people, something bright like a beacon that calls for justice, kindness , and most importantly - freedom, to which the Russian spirit is very subject.
The poem entitled “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...” calls for responsibility for their words and actions, especially those who are higher than ordinary peasants and ordinary people. It also proves that poets are not obliged only to please the ears of people with pleasant speech and compliments. Poets also must, simply must, guide people on the true path, showing in their works what is right and how to emerge into a pure and righteous light. That is why Pushkin proclaims that he is going not only to caress the ears of the people with a pleasant lyre, but also to restore justice.
The poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” was written by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in 1836. This is the last year of the life of the great poet and writer. So, six months after writing the poem, he died. At that time, Pushkin’s life was quite difficult; he was no longer recognized as much as in those days of his glory. Critics began to treat him more harshly. And the tsar, the tsar whom Pushkin loved, simply stopped favoring him, he forbade the publication of his best works. Naturally, the mood of the poem is sad, and is intended to, to some extent, whitewash oneself. In addition to these problems, Pushkin was in a state of lack of money, and there was also gossip going around about his personal family life. In a word, nothing good happened in 1836.
That is why Pushkin undertook to write such a work at that moment. It was not easy, but he poured out all his feelings, desires and emotions onto paper. His poem turned out to be majestic and proud of its beauty of writing. With this poem, he seemed to sum up the final result of his work. He writes in his poem as if he were criticizing himself, but these words do not scold himself at all, but on the contrary, he tries to prove to everyone that he is not so bad, and that all his work is sincere and written from the heart.
Only because the poet understood that in the future he would become even more famous and that his descendants would understand the writer and poet, Pushkin withstood all the insults and dishonest words spoken against him. But still, despite the fact that he understood that in the future he would be understood better, Pushkin still regretted that he was not understood now. That is why the work “I have erected a monument to myself not made by hands” was written in this spirit. This is a beautiful work, written with all my heart, passionately and, most importantly, sincere. Pushkin was never a hypocrite, and he expected this, perhaps, from others. Now his state of sadness and surprise becomes even clearer.
The genre of the verse is classified by critics as ode. This work reflects on the meaning of life and about people of all kinds. Therefore, it is also classified as a philosophical type of work. The work is measured in iambic hexameter and rhymes every line. There are only five stanzas in the verse, and the very last verse is written in a solemn and majestic tone, in which a barely noticeable sadness is felt.
Poem by A.S. Pushkin’s “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...” sums up the poet’s work. The poet analyzes what he has done and how it will affect other people. The poem was written in last years the life of the poet in 1836.
This poem reveals important topic in the works of A.S. Pushkin - the divine calling of a poet-prophet. A poet is not just a person who puts his thoughts into rhyme. He is God's deputy on Earth, a prophet who tells people about the present, past and future. That is why the author puts himself above society, the state and the king. He raises his monument higher than the "Alexandrian Pillar". That is, the poet points out that even the victory over Napoleon in 1812 pales next to his works.
The poet says that he will always remain alive, because his soul, enclosed in lines, will remain on people’s lips. It will be called “every language that is in it.” Here the poet raises not only the question of his greatness, but also the greatness of his home country. He compares himself to her and says that as the country is great, so is he.
The poet also indicates that he is disobedient to anyone except the “command of God.” The poet does not even use metaphors; he speaks openly about his unruly head. In the lines of this work it is clear that the author is faithful only to his divine calling, and believes that his work is independent of no one.
He predicts his fate, says that his work will remain in eternity. What is most important for this poem is that A.S. Pushkin believes that it is not important how they will treat him and what they will say about his work: “Praise and slander were accepted indifferently.” And most importantly, he proclaims that there is no need to “challenge a fool.” The last lines of the work can be associated with testaments for future poets who will continue his work: “By the command of God, O muse, be obedient.” Here again the motive of submission only to divine power arises.
Analysis of the poem I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands... according to plan
This work is satirical in nature. The author designated the genre in the title - ode, (which by the time the poem was written had already fallen out of use) having the character of doxology. By doing this, he gave a clear hint to the readers.
The poet delightfully described nature and emotions in his works. In his lines, it’s as if you feel the howling of the wind in the fields, the ringing of ears of wheat. And mixed in there is the loud laughter of a free soul, and the groan of a broken heart
This poem is part early creativity poet and created during Fet’s studies in Moscow. Living in big city, he becomes nostalgic for village life, becoming more and more involved in pleasant memories.
Poets who worked during the years Silver Age often addressed dedications to each other in poetic form. Blok's product
The poem “Another Forgetful Word...” was written by Afanasy Fetov in 1884 and was included in the second issue of the collection, called “Evening Lights,” which was released in 1885.
Exegi monumentum
I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands,
The people's path to him will not be overgrown,
He ascended higher with his rebellious head
Alexandrian Pillar.
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the treasured lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will escape -
And I will be glorious as long as I am in the sublunary world
At least one piit will be alive.
Rumors about me will spread throughout Great Rus',
And every tongue that is in it will call me,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tungus, and friend of the steppes Kalmyk.
That I awakened good feelings with my lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom
And he called for mercy for the fallen.
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Without fear of insult, without demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't argue with a fool.
Pushkin, 1836
The poem is written on the theme of ode Horace « To Melpomene» ( XXX ode to book III), where the epigraph is taken from. Lomonosov translated the same ode to Horace; Derzhavin imitated her in his poem “ Monument».
Exegi monumentum- I erected a monument (lat.).
Alexandria pillar- Alexander Column, monument to Alexander I in St. Petersburg on Palace Square; Pushkin " I left St. Petersburg 5 days before the opening of the Alexander Column, so as not to be present at the ceremony along with the chamber cadets, my comrades" The reason, of course, was deeper - Pushkin did not want to participate in the glorification of Alexander I.
In the draft manuscript of the 3rd stanza, other nationalities living in Russia are also named who will name Pushkin: Georgian, Kyrgyz, Circassian. The fourth stanza originally read:
And for a long time I will be so kind to the people,
That I have found new sounds for songs,
That, following Radishchev, I glorified Freedom
And he sang mercy.
Following Radishchev- as the author of the ode “ Liberty" And " Traveling from St. Petersburg to Moscow».
I praised Freedom- this refers to Pushkin’s freedom-loving lyrics.
Called for mercy for the fallen- Pushkin speaks about his “ Stansach» (« In the hope of glory and goodness..."), about the poem " Friends", O " Pier of Peter I", maybe about " Hero”, - those poems in which he called on Nicholas I to return the Decembrists from hard labor.
