The temple was desecrated by Napoleon's army, ruined after the revolution and subjected to shelling during the Great Patriotic War. At various times, its building was with a treasure, a hostel and even a soldier's bath. Having passed all the tests with honor, today the Grebnevskaya Church is not only an outstanding architectural monument of Odintsovo, but also the center of the spiritual life of the townspeople.
The old Smolensk tract led from the Western borders of Russia to Moscow. On the Mozhaisk section of this road, the city of Odintsovo, formerly a small village, is located. In the years 1673-1679, the first wooden church "in the name of the holy martyr Artemon" was built here. It was built at the expense of the owner of the village of Odintsovo, boyar Artemon Sergeevich MATVEEV, one of the wealthiest men of his time. This suggests that the church was richly finished and decorated.
In the second half of the 1790s, the village passed into the hands of the countess Elizaveta Vasilievna ZUBOVOY, which instead of the dilapidated old wooden church decided to build a stone church in the name of the Grebnevskaya Icon of the Mother of God. In the autumn of 1801, the construction of the Grebnevskaya church was completed, and the countess, in a petition submitted to Bishop Seraphim, Vicar of Dmitrovsky, of Moscow, wrote: “... in my patrimony ... the village of Odintsovo, instead of the wooden dilapidated Artemonovsky church, a stone one was built again from me in the name of the Grebnevsky Mother of God, which, both external splendor and inside, is sufficiently decorated, equipped with a sacristy and other utensils and is ready for consecration. And on November 22, 1801, the church was consecrated by the archimandrite of the Mozhaisk Luzhetsky monastery Feofan.
With the beginning of the service in the Grebnevsky Church, the dilapidated church of the Hieromartyr Artemon was dismantled, and all its utensils " except for a certain number of images, turned into a new " church. The parishioners were serfs of Countess Zubova.
In 1812, on the night of September 1, after the battle of Borodino, the troops of the 1st and 2nd Western Russian armies settled down for the night in Mamonovo in Odintsovo. In the Grebnevskaya church, prayers were served for sending down victory over the enemy, and its shrines supported the spirit of Russian soldiers. Napoleon's troops, heading towards Moscow, changed their disposition in almost the same villages. On September 2, as Napoleon reported in his letter, Murat's cavalry was in Odintsovo. The Grebnevsky temple was desecrated and devastated by the French, but the next year it was consecrated anew.
The serene church life continued for a hundred years, until the revolution of 1917 happened. The maintenance and repair of the church were entrusted exclusively to the church community. Not a single repair of the Odintsovo temple in Soviet times has been found in archival documents. All his precious utensils, apparently, were confiscated in the early 1920s in accordance with the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of February 23, 1922.
In 1938-1939. the parish of the Grebnevskaya church ceased to exist. The church was closed and looted. And then it began to be used for the economic purposes of the village. The last rector in the temple before its closing was the miter archpriest Alexander VORONCHEV. He was arrested, sent to a camp, and then executed. The brethren of the Grebnevsky Church established the day of memory of Archpriest Alexander - November 3 (since the exact date of death is not known). After the church was closed, the cemetery at the church was also desecrated. People dug up graves, pulled skulls by their long hair, trying to find jewels and crosses.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the church building was shelled. After the war, the western entrance to the bell tower was laid, new window and door openings were pierced, iconostases disappeared, most of the wall paintings, old floors, the temple fence and bells. And, as if in mockery, on August 30, 1960, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 1327 was issued on "taking the former Grebnevskaya church under state protection."
It looked like the Grebnevsky temple of the times of developed socialism
Various organizations "guarded" the building of the church. At various times, there were warehouses, a soldier's bath, a hostel, and various offices here. After 29 years, in 1989, it was announced that the building “should serve the cultural and spiritual education of the townspeople”. It was decided to rebuild the church into a concert hall. Orthodox Odintsovtsy began collecting signatures for the transfer of the building of the Grebnevskaya Church to the Orthodox community. In March 1991, the Grebnevsky church was handed over to the community of believers of the Russian Orthodox Church.
In the miraculously preserved photograph of 1968, we see the outskirts of the village of Odintsovo, concrete slabs and pillars in the foreground - the beginning of a huge construction site in this part of the city
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View of the Grebnevskaya Church from the side of the railway, 1975
The first services were held in a small chapel. But already in June 1991, parishioners were praying at the first Liturgy on the feast of the Holy Trinity. The temple was also equipped inside. The wall paintings in the rotunda were restored. Residents brought ancient icons and books as a gift to the temple. Of the former decoration of the temple, only two shrines have survived to this day: the temple icon of the Grebnevskaya Mother of God and the Crucifixion. They were in the Church of the Intercession with. Akulovo and after the opening of the Grebnevsky temple were transferred here.
Reconstruction of the temple in the 1990s
On July 2, 1995, at the Sunday Liturgy, the full consecration of the temple took place in the name of the icon of the Grebnevskaya Mother of God. In 2002, with donations from parishioners, Palekh craftsmen made and installed new carved mahogany iconostases and icon cases for especially revered icons. Today, the church has a Sunday school and an Orthodox youth center, which opened in March 2000.
HISTORY REFERENCE
Temple in honor of the Grebnevskaya Icon of the Mother of God
Odintsovo, Moscow region
From the WESTERN BORDERS of Russia to Moscow, the old Smolensk tract led. On the Mozhaisk section of this road, the city of Odintsovo, formerly a small village, is located. In 1673-1679. here was built the first wooden church "in the name of the holy martyr Artemon". It was built at the expense of the owner of the village of Odintsovo, the boyar Artemon Sergeevich Matveev, one of the wealthiest people of his time. This suggests that the church was richly finished and decorated.
In the second half of the 1790s, the village passed into the hands of Countess Elizaveta Vasilievna Zubova, who instead of the dilapidated old wooden church decided to build a stone church in the name of the Grebnev Icon of the Mother of God.
In the autumn of 1801, the construction of the Grebnevskaya church was completed and Countess Elizaveta Vasilievna, in a petition submitted to Bishop Seraphim of Dmitrovsky, Vicar of Moscow, wrote: Mother, who is both externally beautiful and inside is sufficiently decorated, equipped with sacristy and other utensils and is ready for consecration. And on November 22, 1801, the church was consecrated by the archimandrite of the Mozhaisk Luzhetsky monastery Feofan.
With the beginning of the service in the Grebnevsky Church, the dilapidated church of the Hieromartyr Artemon was dismantled, and all its utensils "except for a certain number of images, were turned into a new" church. The priest Fyodor Andrianov, sexton Ivan Fedotov, deacon Nikolai Artemonovsky served at that time in the Grebnevsky church. The parishioners of the church were the serfs of Countess Zubova.
In 1812, on the night of August 31 to September 1, after the Battle of Borodino, the troops of the 1st and 2nd Western Russian armies settled down for the night in Mamonovo in Odintsovo. In the Grebnevskaya church, prayers were served for sending down victory over the enemy, and its shrines supported the spirit of Russian soldiers. Napoleon's troops, heading towards Moscow, changed their disposition in almost the same villages. On September 2, as Napoleon reported in his letter, Murat's cavalry was in Odintsovo.
The Grebnevsky temple was subjected to desecration and devastation by the French, since from 1813 to 1816. There was no priest at the temple. According to the clergy's statements of 1813, the church was preparing for a new consecration.
In the early 1870s, with the commissioning of the new Moscow-Smolensk-Brest railway, the station settlement Odintsovo appeared, around which dachas grew. Already in 1890 there were 125 of them.
By the summer of 1898, at the request of the parishioners, a refectory was added to the temple with two limits: on the right side in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and on the left side in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh and Savva Storozhevsky. A new bell tower of three tiers was also built.
AFTER THE REVOLUTION OF 1917, Divine services continued in the Grebnevskaya Church. The maintenance and repair of the church were entrusted exclusively to the church community. Not a single repair of the Odintsovo temple in Soviet times has been found in archival documents. All his precious utensils, apparently, were confiscated at the beginning of 1920 in accordance with the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of February 23, 1922.
In 1938-1939. the parish of the Grebnevskaya church ceased to exist. The church was closed and looted. And then it began to be used for the economic purposes of the village. The fate of the priesthood of the temple is a reflection of the fate of the entire clergy of the country. The last rector in our church before its closing was the miter archpriest Alexander Voronchev. On November 3, after a vigil for the feast in honor of the Kazan Mother of God, he was arrested. Father Alexander spent several years in camps in Karelia on Medvezhaya Gora and, together with the prisoners of this camp, suffered a martyr's death: the prisoners of the camp were herded onto a large boat and let into the lake, where the boat was destroyed by bombs from aircraft. The brethren of the Grebnevsky Church established the day of memory of Archpriest Alexander - November 3 (since the exact date of death is not known). The daughter of the last deacon of the Grebnevskaya church, Nina Vladimirovna Zapolskaya, has survived to this day. She informed us about her father's way of the cross. After Deacon Vladimir did not want to officially renounce God and the holy order, he was arrested and exiled to the northern camps. Deacon Vladimir died in Kirzhach in the settlement. According to Nina Vladimirovna Zapolskaya, after the church was closed, the cemetery at the church was desecrated. Brutal people dug up graves, pulled skulls by their long hair, trying to find jewels and crosses.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the church building was shelled. After the war, the western entrance to the bell tower was laid, new window and door openings were pierced, iconostases disappeared, most of the wall paintings, old floors, the temple fence and bells. And, as if in mockery, on August 30, 1960, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 1327 was issued on "taking the former Grebnevskaya Church for state protection."
"GUARDED" THE CHURCH BUILDING by various organizations. At various times, there were warehouses, a soldier's bath, a hostel, and various offices here. After 29 years, in 1989, it was announced that the building "should serve the cultural and spiritual education of the townspeople." It was decided to rebuild the church into a concert hall. Orthodox residents of the city of Odintsovo began collecting signatures for the transfer of the building of the Grebnevskaya Church to the Orthodox community. In March 1991, the Grebnevsky church was handed over to the community of believers of the Russian Orthodox Church, and priest Igor Borisov was appointed rector.
The first services were held in a small chapel. But already in June 1991, parishioners were praying at the first Liturgy on the feast of the Holy Trinity.
The temple was also equipped inside. The wall paintings in the rotunda were restored. Residents brought ancient icons and books as a gift to the temple. Of the former decoration of the temple, only two shrines have survived to this day: the temple icon of the Grebnevskaya Mother of God and the Crucifixion. They were in the Church of the Intercession with. Akulovo and after the opening of the Grebnevsky temple were transferred here.
On July 2, 1995, at the Sunday Liturgy, the church was fully consecrated in the name of the Grebnevskaya Icon of the Mother of God, which was performed by His Grace Gregory, Bishop of Mozhaisk, Vicar of the Moscow Diocese.
Currently, the temple is undergoing restoration work. In 2002, on the donations of the parishioners, Palekh craftsmen made and installed new carved mahogany iconostases and icon cases for especially revered icons: the Grebnevskaya Icon of the Mother of God, the Hieromartyr Charalambius, the Prophet Elijah, the icons Satisfy My Sorrows, The Inexhaustible Chalice, etc. .
The church has a Sunday School. The school has 6 teams. Classes in younger groups (from 3 to 7 years old) are held together with parents, the Orthodox tradition, the church calendar and the lives of the saints are studied. In the middle groups, the Law of God is taught. Older children learn the basics of morality, liturgy and history. Once a week gospel talks are held for parishioners. For children and adults, circles are organized: wood carving, embroidery with beadwork, wood painting. Once or twice a month, educational meetings are held at the Sunday School for parents and educators. For the holidays, Sunday School students prepare concerts, put on exciting performances, congratulate the children of the school for the disabled and the orphanage.
In March 2000, an Orthodox Youth Center was organized at the Grebnevsky Church. The main direction of the Center's work is participation in Divine services, altar and choir obedience. Another form of work of the Center is charitable activities. Young people from the Center are frequent guests at the Odintsovo shelter, the Nadezhda school, a military unit, and a military hospital. In the city hospital, the guys take care of the sick, perform various tasks. Young people often go on pilgrimages to the saints of Russia and the Moscow region. The Center organizes sports sections, clubs, solfeggio and vocal classes, a guitar club.
During the summer, the youth of the deanery works and rests in a summer youth camp located in the picturesque surroundings of the city of Zvenigorod in the village of Lutsino. The Divine Liturgy is served daily in the camp. Priests of the Deanery lead the life of the camp.
Divine services in the Grebnevsky church are performed daily.
We are glad to meet again in the new academic year with those who have been cooperating with us for a long time and are glad to meet those who have crossed the threshold of the Center for the first time.
More than a thousand children and adults study at the Parish Center at the Grebnevsky Church, which has existed since 2004.
This academic year, the autonomous Orthodox comprehensive school "Ladder" began its work, and the Children's Choir School continues to work. For adults who wish to gain additional knowledge, there are Missionary and Theological diocesan courses.
The youth organizes their projects in the Youth Center under the leadership of Fr. John Fedorov.
And, of course, since 1991, a Sunday school has been operating at the Grebnevsky Church, a presentation about which was prepared by teachers. It should be noted that all teachers are competent specialists, creative people with extensive experience.
The head of the Sunday School is the rector of the Grebnevsky church, priest Grigory Fedotov.
Sunday School is open to children of all ages, both schoolchildren and preschoolers. Learn the Church Slavonic language. Sacred biblical history of the Old and New Testaments, Liturgy, Catechism, Orthodox worship and altar obedience.
We accept children from the age of 4 to Sunday School. They attend classes with their parents. The question is often asked: What do the little ones do in Sunday school, how do they learn the Law of God?
Kids study according to the special program "Introduction to Tradition". All classes are timed to coincide with the holidays throughout the year:
Each lesson is held in a large children's studio, colorfully decorated in accordance with the theme of the lesson, approximately according to the following plan:
The kids have a lesson once a week according to their schedule, the schoolchildren have a lesson once a week on Sunday, but we must remember that the Sunday School has a very diverse and eventful life. Together we learn to pray to God, attend divine services, learn to live according to the commandments, to distinguish good from evil. Our main task is to make church life understandable for children and their parents.
But do not forget to study (see the schedule).
Now let's talk about clubs and sports sections of the Parish Center. They are open to everyone, classes go in three areas: music, arts and crafts, and sports.
The choral department consists of 6 choirs, depending on age. All choirs regularly participate in worship services, except for preschool (still too young 5-6 years old).
Decorative and applied:
Sports:
Schedule at the booth. Each teacher is ready to answer all your questions. We try to find an individual approach to each child, to each person, to reveal his creative abilities.
We hope that the efforts of our teachers, the seeds that they sow in the hearts of not only children, but also their parents, will surely bear fruit and help everyone to be persistent and keep joy in any life situation.
The doors of our Sunday school are always open for children and caring adults. Waiting for everybody!
Help us all, Lord, to find our way to the Temple!
Local religious organization of the parish of the Grebnevsky Church in Odintsovo, Moscow Region, Moscow Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church
Bank Vozrozhdenie (OJSC) Moscow
TIN 5032003444/KPP 503201001
account 40703810103700141233
Odintsovo branch of MAKB Odintsovo
c/s 30101810900000000181
BIC 044525181
OKPO 40422291
OKONH 98700
Reason for payment: "Donation to the Grebnevsky Church"
The Grebnevskaya icon of the Mother of God has been known since the time of Dmitry Donskoy. In 1380, when the Grand Duke was returning with a victory after the Battle of Kulikovo, the inhabitants of the ancient Cossack town of Grebnya, which stood on the Chiri River, which flows into the Don, presented him with a local icon of the Mother of God glorified by miracles - in honor of his glorious victory over the hordes of Mamai . The noble prince accepted the shrine with trepidation, took it to Moscow and reverently placed it in the Kremlin Cathedral of the Dormition.
This icon was considered the oldest of the surviving Cossack icons. The Grebnev Chronicle, compiled in Moscow in 1471, when the icon also took part in the history of the Russian capital, is considered the oldest evidence of the participation of the Don Cossacks in the Battle of Kulikovo. The inscription on a stone in the Moscow Grebnevsky Church said that Prince Dmitry Ioannovich accepted this image as a gift from the Cossacks settled in the upper reaches of the Don, whom he always complained about for their great courage.
In the 19th century, the Grebnevskaya icon of the Mother of God was depicted in the painting of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. On the walls of the northern aisle of St. Alexander Nevsky (in the choirs) placed images of 28 miraculous icons of the Mother of God, especially revered in Russia, through which She showed Her favors and saved Moscow and many Russian cities from disasters. Along with the Bogolyubskaya, Fedorovskaya, Tikhvinskaya, Passionate icons, Grebnevskaya is also depicted there.
Versions of historians about the appearance of the Moscow church in the name of the Grebnevskaya icon are different. According to the first, generally accepted, version, in 1471, the great-grandson of Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Duke Ivan III, “fell angry with Veliky Novgorod” because his authorities and the local nobility decided to leave under the patronage of the Lithuanian prince. Going on a campaign against Novgorod and the apostates "to Latinism", he made a vow to build a temple in Moscow in the name of the Mother of God and took the Grebnevskaya icon with him. The campaign ended with the victory of the Moscow sovereign. And in 1472, Ivan III built a wooden Assumption Church on the Lubyanka near the Kremlin, “which is on the Bor” (at that time, an ancient pine forest was still noisy on the approaches to the Kremlin). And the sovereign ordered the Grebnevskaya icon, which gave him victory, to be magnificently decorated with silver and precious stones, and also to write an akathist on the icon case in gratitude for the birth of his son, the future Grand Duke Vasily III.
On July 28 (August 10), 1472, by order of the Moscow prince, the Grebnevskaya icon was solemnly transferred from the Kremlin to the newly built church on Lubyanka with a procession of the cross, hence the August feast. Here, on the Lubyanka, settlers from the conquered Novgorod settled. Probably, they gave the name of the area Lubyanka, naming it in honor of their native Novgorod street Lubyanitsa. These settlers, noble wealthy "living people", were a kind of hostages of the Grand Duke of Moscow - so that their compatriots in Novgorod would not revolt against his power.
The second version says that Ivan III created only the wooden temple of the Assumption, and the stone temple was built by his son Vasily III. That is why Aleviz Fryazin, the favorite court architect of Vasily III, who built the Kremlin Archangel Cathedral, is supposedly called the architect of the Grebnevskaya Church. The third version is more difficult. Its adherents believe that the Grebnevsky temple was built immediately of stone under Vasily III, approximately in 1514-1520, and intentionally in the name of the miraculous Grebnevskaya icon, for the sake of its transfer from the Kremlin. And in honor of the Novgorod campaign of Ivan III, another local church was built in the name of St. Archdeacon Euplas. It also has not survived to this day.
Finally, the fourth version considers Ivan the Terrible himself to be the organizer of the Grebnevsky church. Allegedly, after returning from his own Novgorod campaign, with his kosht, he built a stone church on the site of his grandfather's wooden one, and it was he who transferred the Grebnev icon here from the Kremlin. The connection with Grozny is quite understandable: in his time, a streltsy settlement appeared on the Lubyanka. And the tsar himself greatly honored the Grebnevsky temple. It is known that he gave him a carved altar canopy with nine tents. In addition, in 1585, a chapel was consecrated in this temple in the name of St. Dmitry of Thessalonica - in gratitude for the birth of Tsarevich Dmitry.
The aisle was crowned with a hipped bell tower, which was considered the oldest surviving in pre-revolutionary Moscow. Contrary to tradition, it did not stand from the west, but from the south-east, above the altar of the Dmitrievsky chapel. According to legend, it was completed by a cross of the old form, which was abolished at the Stoglavy Cathedral in 1551 - at the beginning of the reign of Ivan the Terrible. The aisle was really unusual, it even had its own ... parish, but after 1812 it was not renewed until the revolution. The second aisle in the name of St. John of New Belgrade was consecrated in 1635 on the name day of another prince, Ivan Mikhailovich, son of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. In its basic form, the stone temple has been preserved since the 16th century - it was one of the most ancient churches in Soviet Moscow. According to the historian S. Romanyuk, she “stopped in the very center, like a visiting provincial, peering in amazement at the bustle of the big city.” On a special marble plaque, the contributions to the church of royal persons were listed, starting with the founder Ivan III.
The year 1612 inscribed the Grebnevskaya Church on the pages of the glorious annals of the struggle of Muscovites for the Fatherland. In October of that year, the army of Prince Trubetskoy advanced from this temple to the Nikolsky Gates of Kitay-gorod, participating in the siege of the Poles in the Kremlin by the Russian militia. Those, unable to withstand the hunger, soon surrendered to the mercy of the winner, asking only for "the mercy of life."
Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Myasnitskaya Street became the road to the country palace residences - Izmailovo and Preobrazhenskoye. Probably, the quietest sovereign more than once stopped at the Grebnevsky temple on a pilgrimage. During his reign, in 1654, a new miracle appeared from the icon: when thieves climbed into the temple, they were engulfed in a flame ignited from nowhere. They could not get out of the church, and only when they were released from the fiery captivity did they themselves, in shock and fear, tell about what had happened. Another miracle happened in 1687: a fire started in the temple, and they did not have time to take the shrine out of the fire - but, according to the chronicler, it miraculously "was found in the air." A few years earlier, the tent belfry of the Grebnevskaya church was decorated with the bell of the famous Fyodor Motorin, who later, together with his son Ivan, cast the Kremlin Tsar Bell.In the Petrine era, even before the capital was moved to St. Petersburg, the sovereign's sister, Tsarevna Natalya Alekseevna, took an zealous part in the fate of the Grebnevskaya church. The church was already very dilapidated, and even the icon itself was greatly touched by time. In 1711, Natalya Alekseevna asked to bring the miraculous image to her in Preobrazhenskoye, and to renovate the church. The Grebnevsky church was then built almost anew and a new chapel was consecrated in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh. The icon, carefully covered with drying oil, was adorned with treasures by the princess herself, and she herself escorted it from Preobrazhensky back to the church on Myasnitskaya. The renovated church was consecrated by Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky himself, the locum tenens of the patriarchal throne after Peter forbade the patriarchate until the establishment of the Holy Synod in 1722. And his own brother, Archpriest Stefan Ananyin, was appointed rector at the Grebnevsky Church.Stefan Yavorsky is credited with the authorship of The Tale of the Grebnevskaya Icon of the Mother of God, he was also involved in checking the text and preparing the publication of the Slavic Bible. One of the brightest and in its own way tragic personalities of the Petrine era, a preacher whose word was "dissolved in the salt of wisdom" , he died in the year of the establishment of the Holy Synod. Metropolitan Stefan was buried in the Grebnevsky church consecrated by him. By that time, the teacher of Peter I, the famous Nikita Zotov, was buried within its walls.
Miracles continued to be performed from the Grebnevskaya icon. In the very first year of the consecration of the renewed, prettier church, a new miracle was revealed. In one Moscow house, “insurances” took place - no one knows how stones flew through the windows, and a very sick woman lay in the house. And her daughter in a dream was ordered to take the Grebnevskaya icon into the house so that the woman would be healed, and the house would get rid of the obsession. The girl told the mistress of the house about that, they brought the icon and served a prayer service with water blessing before her, after which the promise in the dream was fulfilled. And the temple itself was kept by an invisible force. Grebnevskaya Church survived the terrible fire of 1737, which did not spare the city.
Two years later, its most famous parishioner, Leonty Magnitsky, the author of the first Russian Arithmetic, a mathematics textbook, which for almost half a century was the only textbook for students, found its last rest in the church. This book was brought to Pomorie, Mikhail Lomonosov, his fellow villager, and the young genius studied from it, and then took "Arithmetic" with him to Moscow, later calling it "the gates of his learning."
The real name of the Russian mathematician was Telyashin, he was the nephew of Archimandrite Nektariy, who died in the Nile Hermitage, and was the son of a Tver peasant. He received the nickname "Magnitsky", which became his official surname, from Peter I himself. According to one version, the tsar gave this nickname to his father, Philip Telyashin, admiring his knowledge of the sciences - "because he attracted to himself like a magnet." According to other sources, Peter nicknamed Leonty himself Magnitsky in 1700. He was delighted with the education of the peasant nugget and called him Magnitsky, "at the discretion of his temper in everything that is most pleasant and attracting to himself": for he, like a magnet, attracted "diverse knowledge and necessary people" to himself, drawing attention to himself with natural abilities and self-education. So Peter I ordered him to have the surname Magnitsky.
It is significant that Magnitsky received his education in the church, where he was a reader from childhood, and from the monks of the Joseph-Volokolamsk monastery, where the young man was sent as a simple fish carrier. The monks were so amazed by the boy's intelligence and knowledge that they left him as a reader at the monastery, and then sent him to the Moscow Simonov Monastery to prepare for the priesthood. From there, he naturally ended up in the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy - in its library Magnitsky found books on the exact sciences. Soon, the Russian Power was in dire need of them - in 1701, Peter established the Navigation School for the needs of the fleet, which was located in the Sukharev Tower. Magnitsky was introduced to the tsar and invited to teach at the school, where he served until his death. Peter granted him estates and a house on the Lubyanka, in the parish of the Grebnevskaya church. And soon the autocrat wished to have a domestic textbook on mathematics in the Navigation School. They became the "Arithmetic" of Magnitsky, where, by the way, for the first time the degrees of latitude and longitude were reported for Moscow, Kyiv, Arkhangelsk.
Magnitsky himself was a deeply religious scientist, for whom science proceeded from religion and the church, therefore he opposed the substitution of church knowledge, consistent with the laws of science, with a materialistic study of nature. The inscription on his tombstone, arranged by his son, read: “to the first mathematics teacher in Russia”, personality “without any vice”, “unhypocritical love for one’s neighbor, pure living, deepest humility, mature mind, truthfulness” ...
Almost thirty years after the death of Magnitsky in 1768, the poet Vasily Trediakovsky, “the reformer of Russian verse,” was laid to rest in the Grebnevsky Church. In addition to these celebrities, its eminent parishioners - Shcherbatovs, Urusovs, Tolstoys - were buried in the church. The traditional cemetery was abolished after the plague of 1771 and its territory was built up with clergy houses. And in 1812 the temple remained intact.
Shortly before the revolution, the famous archaeologist Stelletsky carried out excavations in the basement of the church and discovered an underground gallery there. Later, white-stone secret passages were found, but archaeologists did not investigate them, since the church was hastily prepared for demolition.
Then, for a short time, the list of the miraculous Vladimir Icon came to the Grebnevsky Church, transferred from the chapel of St. Sergius at the Ilyinsky Gate, and then transferred to the Tretyakov Gallery. On it was a rare image of St. Sergius in a prayerful appeal to the Mother of God. Since the saint was depicted alone, and not with his successor Nikon of Radonezh, scientists attributed the image to a very early iconographic type and, in addition, considered it evidence that it was the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God that was the private icon of St. Sergius.
The Grebnevsky temple, which survived many troubles, was destroyed only by the Bolsheviks. After the revolution, Myasnitskaya Street briefly became Pervomaiskaya, and in 1919, Mayakovsky settled in the house next to the church, where the first communal apartments were built: he lived in the “boat room” until his death. But not his name, but S.M. Since 1935, Myasnitskaya Street began to wear Kirov Street, since in December 19134 the coffin with the body of a murdered Bolshevik was carried along it from the Leningrad Station to the Kremlin Wall. It was the last thing that the Grebnevskaya church saw in its lifetime.
It operated for some time in revolutionary Moscow. In November 1919, at the all-night service in the church, an "artistic quintet" sang - the choir of the famous choir director P.G. Chesnokov with his personal presence and with the participation of the Great Archdeacon Konstantin Rozov. He sang solos in "Blessed is the husband", "Now you let go" and "Praise" and also read the Six Psalms. According to an eyewitness, Rozov's participation not only attracted Muscovites to the temple, but also kept them in it. In 1923, restoration was carried out and even the Dmitrievsky chapel was renewed. But not for long.
The first onslaught on the church began in December 1926, when the Moscow City Council ordered the demolition of the church for the usual reason - for the sake of traffic. The parishioners filed a petition to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, pointing to the historical value of this architectural monument of the 15th-16th centuries, rare in Moscow. They wrote that it was built in honor of the victory over Mamai (meaning the temple Grebnevskaya icon), that it contains the tomb of the remarkable Russian people Magnitsky, Zotov, Trediakovsky, that the community, with its own efforts and means, protects the temple as an archaeological value and even seeks to restore it in its original form. The petition had more than 600 signatures.
Whether it or the intercession of the People's Commissariat of Education suspended the tragedy: only the ancient bell tower and the refectory with the Sergius chapel were dismantled. The temple itself could still be saved, but in 1933 it was handed over to the needs of the Metrostroy, since the first line of the Moscow metro was laid in that place. For the sake of it, the temple was demolished, timing its death to May 1, 1935 - the almighty Lazar Kaganovich is blamed for this.
Valuable ancient icons from Andrei Rublev's school were transferred to the Tretyakov Gallery, the carved altar canopy, a gift from Grozny, to Kolomenskoye, and the tombstone from Trediakovsky's grave to the nearby Mayakovsky Museum. On the resulting wasteland, a booth-mine was erected to ventilate the subway. And only in relatively recent times - in the 1980s, a huge building was built on that site for the KGB Computing Center, next to the Biblio-Globus bookstore. There was nothing left of the church but memory - even in the local toponymy there is no trace of it.
Friends, well, so I got around to write about a trip to the Grebnevo Manor, which I already talked about. In fact, January turned out to be quite eventful, and even in February we already managed to visit one, so a lot of interesting things await you ahead. As for Grebnevo, the sensations from this trip remained extremely ambiguous. On the one hand, of course, it’s amazingly beautiful there, so beautiful places, beautiful nature, beautiful temples and even beautiful ruins, but on the other hand, this place is striking in its neglect, despite the fact that it is located less than 30 kilometers from Moscow and even then that the temples are in good condition. Like me and, we combined this trip with a trip to, since they are only 10 kilometers from each other. Fans of ruins and ruins should definitely visit Grebnevo, but we prefer places that are not so neglected.
Until 1577 the village belonged to the Vorontsov counts m, and in the cadastral books of 1584-86. the village already belongs to B.Ya. Belsky, the nephew of Malyuta Skuratov. In times of unrest, the estate returns to the Vorontsovs, and then passes to the princes Trubetskoy m. Under Prince D.T. Trubetskoy, an associate of Prince Pozharsky, on the Lyuboseevka River, hydraulic engineering work is being carried out to build a dam, which gave rise to the Barsky Ponds system, consisting of a reservoir and several picturesque islands, partially extant. In 1772 The estate passes to Princess A.D. Trubetskoy; mother of the outstanding poet of the XVIII century - M.M. Kheraskov, author of the poem "Rossiada". Since 1781 The estate passes to G.I. Bibikov, under whom in 1780-90s. the main manor house and the Temple of the Grebnevskaya Icon of the Mother of God are being built. After the death of G.I. Bibikov in 1803. the estate passes to A.A. Stroganova, whose son, Prince S.M. Golitsyn, by 1820-1830 erects two outbuildings, front entrance gates, and the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Under him, the Manor acquires the appearance that has come down to our days.
Well, photos.
The day turned out to be sunny, but traffic jams were already waiting for us at the exit from Moscow.
-15 on the thermometer, but it feels like -20
Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Shchelkovo
Who would have thought that such a beautiful and unusual cathedral would be in the center of a small town in the Moscow region. Too bad we were just passing by.
We are going to Grebnevo along a beautiful forest path.
Parked at the bus stop "Usadba"
Like an information board.
Barnyard.
Road and wasteland in front of the estate.
We came to the main entrance gate - the Arc de Triomphe.
manor fence
It (the triumphal arch), like the estate itself, is in a state of disrepair and is closed.
Kart Yard.
View of the main manor house in the sun.
The remains of the gate leading to the master's ponds.
Beautiful snow covered trees.
Eastern extension (wing) to the manor house.
Main manor house.
Some kind of gap at the bottom.
Balcony of a manor house with a colonnade and a partially preserved forged fence.
The state of affairs is extremely sad.
It seems like in 1991, when the restoration of the palace was nearing completion, under unclear circumstances, a fire breaks out in it, destroying not only the interiors, but also the ceilings with the roof, leaving only bare burnt walls, which is a pity.
East wing, after the fire.
And the western wing, also after the fire.
View of the triumphal arch from the manor house, judging by the thickets in front of it, no one has used it for its intended purpose for a long time.
Window of the manor house.
Western end of the manor house.
Western extension (wing) to the manor house.
End of the western extension.
The southern facade of the extension, from the side of the lord's ponds.
View of the manor house and the remains of the manor fence through the orchard from the side of the ponds.
View down to the ponds.
Remains of an orchard in front of the manor house.
We go to the southern facade of the manor house.
Here the state seems even a little better than from the front door.
But that's just how it seems.
Inside, everything is sad.
Descent to the barsky ponds.
A piece of the manor fence, where by the way there is a passage to the manor house.
West wing.
Like the manor house itself, it is in a deplorable state.
East wing.
Roof destroyed by fire.
Entrance group, decorated with Ionic columns and a balcony with a balustrade.
View of the main manor house from the estate.
Winter Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, built in 1823.
Gates to the territory of two temples.
Painting.
Information.
The temple itself.
A plate with a terrifying set has been hanging since the time of the RSFSR, and what will happen to it.
Tuscan portico.
And one more.
Eastern facade of the temple.
Behind the temple is a modest playground.
The temple is very beautiful.
The most beautiful front entrance. The temple was built according to the project of architects Oldelli and N.I. Deryugin.
The main entrance to the temple is directed to the west and in the afternoon it is very effectively illuminated by the rays of the sun.
The temple is very bright.
Well.
Summer Church of the Grebnevskaya Icon of the Mother of God.
Rotundal type, cruciform plan.
Each sleeve of the cross is decorated with a Doric portico.
A beautiful lantern.
View of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker through the rays of the sun.
One of the arms of the temple of the Grebnevskaya Icon of the Mother of God with a portico.
The painting on the walls of the temple is in the images of the authors of the 4 canonical
From 1786 to 1791 in the village of Grebnev at the expense of G.I. Bibikov, according to the project of the lieutenant of architecture Ivan Ivanovich Vetrov (d. after 1795; Johann Veter), the stone church of the Grebnevskaya Icon of the Mother of God, which has survived to this day, was erected.
Brick with white stone details, the cruciform church of the centric type with an inscribed oval in the central part is made in the style of mature classicism. An oval domed rotunda rests on a cross-shaped base, a dome with lucarnes and a small dome crowned with a bronze gilded figure of an angel with a cross. The facades of the temple are treated with paired pilasters and four-column porticos of the Doric order.
Church plan.
The interior decoration of the temple, the authorship of the architecture of Captain Stepan Vasilyevich Groznov (Gryaznov; 1756-1847), is distinguished by exceptional elegance and beauty of forms. Two pairs of marbled Ionic columns support the choir stalls on the west side of the building. White iconostases with fine gilded carvings are of interest.
The church has a strictly symmetrical plan: the altar part is adequate to the vestibule, the northern part - to the southern one. The plan is complicated by additional round rooms in the corner pylons, which in the eastern part serve for passage to the altar, and in the western part - for the pantry and stairs.
An oval domed rotunda, a dome with lucarnes and a small dome crowned with a bronze gilded figure of an angel with a cross, rests on a cross-shaped base. The central space of the temple repeats the oval shape of the rotunda.
The facades of the temple are finished with paired pilasters and four-columned white-stone porticos of the Doric (Tuscan) order. The saturation of the plane of the walls with pilasters, semicircular niches, complex architraves of lucarnes, round windows on the pediments of the porticoes remind of the Baroque era.
The well-preserved interior decoration of the temple with artificial marble decoration, worked out in the forms of early classicism and belonging to the authorship of the architecture of Captain Stepan Vasilyevich Groznov (Gryaznov; 1756-1847), is distinguished by grace and beauty of forms. Two pairs of marbled Ionic columns support the choir in the western part of the temple.
Of particular interest is the central iconostasis XVIII century, having a concave shape and consisting of three decreasing tiers, completed by a crucifix. The forms of light carved garlands at the base of the upper tier are graceful.
Gilded carved frames framing a few icons effectively stand out against the white background of the iconostasis.
The entablature of the first tier is supported by four columns of the Corinthian order with gilded flutes and capitals. The columns of the iconostasis correspond to two pairs of Ionic columns supporting the choirs, which are reached by a well-preserved original white stone spiral staircase located in the southwestern pylon.
On the metal temple-created board with the coat of arms of the Bibikovs, installed at the entrance on the right side, the names of architects and local textile manufacturers who donated part of their funds for the construction of the temple are indicated.
The inscription on it reads: “In the summer of August 1791, on the 10th day, which was Sunday, this church was consecrated in the name of the Mother of God of the Grebnevsky Holy Governing Synod by a member of the Right Reverend Metropolitan Platon of Moscow with a satisfied number of monastics and priests under priest Nikolai Ivanov. The building of this temple was conceived in 1786 by the dependency and during the possession of their excellencies Gavrila Ilyich and Katerina Alexandrovna Bibikov, under the supervision of Stepan Zaitsov and the allowance of the following God-loving givers: Fedor, Kirill and Yegor Kondratov; Nestor, Spiridon, Trefil and Trofim Dmitriev; Alexander and Timofey Kanoev; Terenty, Ivan and Alexey Terentyev; Yakim Vakhrameev, Ivan Yakovlev, Kalina Trofimov; Matvey and Maxim Nikitin, Ivan Alekseev, Semyon Mikhailov, Kuzma Andrianov. Conceived and finished on the outside under the architect Ivan Vetrov, and inside the drawing and decoration of Captain Stepan Gryaznov.
Among the "God-loving givers" are the names of serf manufacturers from the village of Fryazino - Fedor (1744-1810) and Yegor Kondratov (1757-1797); from the village of Shchelkovo - Kirill Kondratov (1746-1808), Yakim Vakhrameev (Varfolomeev), Ivan Yakovlev, Kalina Trofimov and Matvey Nikitin; from the village of Novo - Alexander Kanoev (Konaeva, Kononova), Ivan, Alexei and Terenty Terentyev.
In 1849, "through the diligence and dependence of the landowner Fyodor Fedorovich Panteleev," two chapels were arranged in the church - St. Sergius of Radonezh and Great Martyr Theodore Stratilat. The side iconostases were created in 1891.
The church was consecrated by Metropolitan Platon (Levshin; 1737-1812) on August 10, 1791.
In addition to the original decoration, elements of later periods have been preserved in the temple: the carved canopy in the altar belongs to the Empire era, the polychrome metlakh floor - to the turn XIX - XX centuries.
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