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What is in the old Ambassadorial yard was founded in 1649. and finished in 1652.

Construction of a new stone church building began after a fire that destroyed the previous wooden Church of the Nativity of the Virgin. A wooden three-tent church was built in Putinki in 1625. The settlement got its name from the ancient roads diverging from here, from the Tverskaya Gate of Moscow, to Tver and Dmitrov. There is also an assumption that the word “Putinki” was formed from “Cobweb” - a close and bizarre interweaving of narrow alleys near the Tverskaya Gate. Behind the temple there was a traveling Ambassadorial yard, and around it were the courtyards of people from Dmitrovskaya Sloboda (present-day Bolshaya Dmitrovskaya Street), from which the rapidly growing Malaya Dmitrovskaya Sloboda received its name.

After the fire of the wooden church, a magnificent three-hipped stone church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built here, for which a very large sum of 800 rubles for those times was allocated from the sovereign treasury and bricks were sent for construction. Funds were allocated gradually: first, at the request of parishioners and the petition of Patriarch Paisius of Jerusalem, 300 rubles were given from the treasury, then, when there was not enough money, an even larger amount was added - 400 rubles, and finally, at the end of the work, another 100 rubles were allocated. The rest of the funds were collected by parishioners. The construction of the new church was carried out, as was the case with many ancient Russian churches, not according to engineering drawings, but according to drawings, which is why the composition of the building turned out to be very dynamic and picturesque. The most noticeable feature is the small decorative tents crowning both the main volume and the chapel of the temple, and its bell tower.“The Burning Bush” (also topped with a tent) and a hipped bell tower. What is unusual about the temple's composition is that the building is designed to be viewed from all four sides; even the apses are practically hidden in the rectangle and hardly protrude outward. The decorative decoration of all parts of the temple is extremely beautiful - from the tents to the lower windows. The most noticeable part - the tents - are unlike one another, the builders

showed the richest imagination and ingenuity in their decor. Small tents are placed on slender decorated drums and crowned with onion-shaped domes on smaller drums. The bases of all the tents and the drums on which they rest are surrounded by rows of kokoshniks, echoing each other in shape. The drums themselves of the main volume are surrounded by arcatures with pointed ends. The small drums under the heads are also surrounded by kokoshniks. Along the edge of the main volume is decorated with a number of false zakomaras with keel-shaped ends, and under the zakomaras there is a wide carved frieze. Even more remarkable is the decor of the tent on the aisle. Its light drum is narrower than the tent itself, the base of which is, as it were, extended beyond the drum, which is also cut through by narrow high windows, and under the drum rises a “fiery” hill of kokoshniks in three tiers.

The beautiful octagonal bell tower with carved openings of the bell tier seems even lighter and more openwork thanks to a number of “rumor” holes in the tent. On the bell tower, among the bells, there was one made by the famous master Ivan Motorin in 1715.

It is almost impossible to find a flat surface on all the facades of the temple - it is so decorated with various carvings and stone lace.

After the completion of the construction of the temple, in 1653, Patriarch Nikon issued a ban on the construction of tented churches in Rus'. Thus, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Putinki turned out to be the last tented stone church in Moscow. Attached to late XVII

After the revolution, the temple was not closed immediately, but only in 1935. In the 1930s The brethren of the Vysokopetrovsky monastery served there. First, after closing, it was used as office space, then as a rehearsal room for the Moscow directorate of Circus on Stage. In 1990 a decision was made to hand over the temple to believers. Now the temple has been completely restored, and a Sunday school has been opened there. The slender, elegant temple building, visible from the very beginning of Malaya Dmitrovka, looks unusually good, although now not from all four sides, as it was originally, and is the best decoration one of the ancient streets historical center

Moscow.

The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Putinki stands at the very beginning of Malaya Dmitrovka. Magnificent, as if made of snow-white lace, it was built in 1649-1652 - one of the most beautiful and oldest churches consecrated in honor of this holiday, preserved in Moscow. In ancient times, the Putinki tract was located here: here, at the Tverskaya Gate of the White City, two paths diverged - to the cities of Dmitrov and Tver. Here was then the Traveling Yard for ambassadors and messengers, to which paths led - Moscow-style crooked streets and alleys. Another version explains the name Putinki from the word “web” - small streets and alleys with small Moscow houses scattered on them, lying in the parish of this church, represented a “web” that surrounded the church on all sides. Originally, there was a three-roofed wooden church built here in 1625. In 1648, it burned down, and the parishioners of the temple, through the Patriarch of Jerusalem, who was staying in Moscow at that time, asked the tsar to allocate money for the construction of a stone church. For the first time in Rus', its chapel was consecrated in honor of the icon of the Mother of God Burning bush

In the same 17th century in Moscow, behind Zemlyanoy Gorod, near Zubovskaya Square, a church with a main altar was erected, consecrated in honor of the icon of the Burning Bush, which gave the name to the lane - Neopalimovsky. The name of the icon comes from Moses' vision of a burning thorn bush - a bush - engulfed in flames and not burned, symbolizing the ever-virginity of the Most Holy Theotokos. Therefore, the Mother of God is depicted on the icon surrounded by flames.

And although, according to legend, the construction of this church was not connected with the main disaster of the old wooden city - numerous Moscow fires, they prayed at the miraculous icon and sought salvation precisely from the fire that more than once raged in Moscow and left the townspeople as fire victims.

And that's the legend. The list of the Burning Bush icon was in the Kremlin Chamber of Facets. Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich's groom Dmitry Koloshin prayed earnestly in front of her, and when he innocently fell into disgrace with the tsar, he began to ask for help and protection. Then the Queen of Heaven appeared to the king in a dream and revealed to him that this man was innocent. The groom was released from trial by the sovereign and, in gratitude, built a temple in honor of the Burning Bush icon in Novaya Konyushennaya Sloboda, begging the king for a miraculous list. Since then, when there were fires in Moscow, this icon was carried around the houses of church parishioners, and they survived the fire. Muscovites even noticed that in the Neopalimovsky parish fires occurred extremely rarely and were very insignificant, although the entire area remote from the city center was built up with numerous wooden houses. (Neopalimovskaya Church was demolished during Soviet times.)

The little-known, but remarkable for its history, house church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in the house of Prince Golitsyn (Volkhonka, 14, behind the building of the Museum of Private Collections) is now destroyed and does not function.

This temple entered the history of Moscow mainly because Pushkin was going to marry Natalya Goncharova here, but was refused by Metropolitan Philaret. Why this happened still remains a mystery to historians. Only the wedding then took place in the parish church of the bride, in the Great Ascension at the Nikitsky Gate.

The Nativity Church itself was a house church and was located on the second floor in the right wing of the existing building. It was directly related to the history of this house and the homeowners, as well as the events that took place here.

The history of the Golitsyn house dates back to the 30s of the 18th century, when they acquired a plot of land behind the Kolymazhny yard for ownership. The project of the house was executed by the St. Petersburg architect S. Chevakinsky, the author of the famous St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral in the northern capital, from whom Vasily Bazhenov studied. In the work on the construction of the Golitsyn house in 1756-1761. he was helped by the young architect I.P. Zherebtsov, the future builder of the beautiful bell tower of the Moscow Novospassky Monastery. In 1766, a church in the name of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary was built and consecrated in the right wing of the house. And soon Catherine the Great herself settled in the house.

The Golitsyn house was passed down from generation to generation. When M.M. Golitsyn-son became the owner, Catherine II turned to him with a request to find her a good and comfortable home. The Kuchuk-Kainardzhi Peace Treaty has just been concluded in Russian-Turkish war, and the empress was going to Moscow for festivities on this occasion. She did not like to stay in the Kremlin, considering it poorly suited for her. Golitsyn immediately offered the empress his own house.

And then the architect Matvey Kazakov was invited to rebuild the Golitsyn mansion into the Prechistensky Palace. The construction was ready for the New Year, in December 1774. The walls of the modest estate remember the brilliant retinue of Catherine the Great - the empress came to Moscow with her court and son Paul I.

However, she was dissatisfied with the housing: it was cramped and the stoves did not heat the room well. The neighborhood with the Kolymazhny yard and stables was not created in the most Fresh air, people were freezing mercilessly, and the corridors were very confusing. “Two hours passed before I found out the way to my office,” Catherine complained in one of her letters, calling her palace “a triumph of confusion.” After wooden buildings of this palace were moved to Vorobyovy Gory and burned there.

According to legend, two icons were kept in the Nativity Church of the Golitsyn house, donated (or left here) by Catherine II in memory of her marriage to Prince Potemkin, apparently wedding icons. It is likely that this legend remained in Moscow’s memory associated with Catherine’s own stay in the Golitsyn palace. Or they thought that she left the owners a royal gift for their hospitality.

In 1779, the Golitsyns returned to their mansion on Volkhonka. When S.M. Golitsyn, trustee of the Moscow educational district, became the owner, he opened an aristocratic salon here. Pushkin visited it and once in the early summer of 1830 he danced here at a ball. Pushkin at that time was already engaged to Natalya Goncharova, and there is evidence that he was going to marry her here. Firstly, historians say, in the house church the payment was less, which was beneficial for Pushkin, who was strapped for funds. Secondly, the attention of high society to the wedding would not be so close.

And yet, permission to marry in the Golitsyn home church was not given. There is a version that it was simply forbidden for people who had nothing to do with them, “from the street,” to get married in house churches, as in ordinary parish churches. And the wedding took place in the bride's parish church.

In the second half of the 19th century, another S.M. lived here. Golitsyn, owner of an art gallery, an ancient library and a collection of antiquities. All this was collected by his father, who dreamed of opening his own museum, but did not have time to fulfill his desire before his death.

In memory of his father, on the first floor of his mansion in 1865, Golitsyn opened a museum, which was called the “Moscow Hermitage”. Here were presented such rarities as vases from Ivory, belonged to Marie Antoinette, books from the library of the Marquise of Pompadour, paintings by Raphael, Rubens, Poussin, marble candelabra from Pompeii. And visitors were greeted by a doorman in the uniform of a life hussar.

The museum was open to the public, but curious evidence of how the inspection took place has been preserved. At the request of the owner, only those who came to the Sunday service to his home Nativity Church. At the end, everyone went to the princely dining room for Sunday tea, which was attended by the owner, and from there to the museum.

However, just twenty years after the opening of the museum, Golitsyn, who had lost interest in its maintenance, sold his collection at auction. Most of it was bought by the St. Petersburg Hermitage for 800 thousand rubles. It is noteworthy that all the treasures of the Golitsyn Museum remained in their homeland.

In 1877, Golitsyn rented out the first floor of his house for apartments. The museum halls were rebuilt into furnished rooms for rent, and after the reconstruction of the left wing in 1892, they received the name “Princely Court”. A comfortable Moscow hotel has opened in the Golitsyn mansion.

In October 1877, A.N. settled in this house. Ostrovsky, who spent time here last years own life. When the writer was drawing up a rental agreement, the caretaker of the house seriously began to explain to his wife that before renting out an apartment, he always collects information about moral qualities future tenant. Ostrovsky jokingly decided to tell him “some of my virtues - that I am not a drunkard, not a brawler, and will not start a gambling or dance class in my apartment.”

In this house, “Dowry,” “Talents and Admirers,” and “Heart is not a Stone” came from Ostrovsky’s pen. Friends often came to visit him - I.S. Turgenev, D.V. Grigorovich, P.I. Chaikovsky. M.I. lived in the same house on Volkhonka. Tchaikovsky, V.I. Surikov, B.N. Chicherin, I.S. Aksakov, who died here.

In 1902, the Nativity Church was renovated. One of the best Moscow architects of that time, K.M. Bykovsky finished her off gothic style, and the iconostasis is semi-classical.

This year became the last year in the history of the Nativity Church being the Golitsyns' home church. The following year, 1903, the house was purchased by the Moscow Art Society and then began to belong to various institutions. It is enough to mention the Moscow City People's University named after. A.L. Shanyavsky, who worked here in 1909-1911. before moving to our own building on Miusskaya Square.

During Soviet times former estate The Golitsyns were occupied by the Communist Academy under the leadership of the historian M.N. Pokrovsky. Then the Nativity Church was closed, and its iconostasis was dismantled and transferred to the church in the village of Alekseevskoye.

Currently, there is a scientific institution here - the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences.

In Moscow there is also the Nativity Monastery, which was founded in 1386 by Princess Maria Keistutovna, the mother of the hero of the Battle of Kulikovo, Prince Vladimir Serpukhovsky. The magnificent Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built in 1501-1505 - this is one of the oldest churches in Moscow. The slender bell tower was erected in 1835 by the architect N.I. Kozlovsky - one wealthy Muscovite donated her funds to it in memory of her beloved son who died early.

In this monastery in 1525, Solomonia Saburova, the wife of the Grand Duke, was forcibly tonsured a nun. Vasily III. They lived for 20 years, but their marriage turned out to be childless, and the prince wanted to have an heir to the throne. He decided to marry again - divorce was prohibited then, and Solomonia was persuaded to voluntarily enter a monastery, but she resisted. Then she was tonsured by force at the Nativity Monastery. According to an old Moscow legend, this was preceded by Grand Duke Vasily’s vision of a bird’s nest in a tree, when he burst into tears about his childlessness. “Sovereign! - the boyars told him: “They cut down a barren fig tree and remove it from the grapes.” When he turned to the Greek patriarchs for a blessing for divorce, the primate of Jerusalem, Mark, warned him: “If you marry a second time, you will have an evil child: your kingdom will be filled with horror and sadness, blood will flow like a river, the heads of nobles will fall, the cities will burn.” The Russians decided to do without the help of foreigners and invited Solomonia to voluntarily take monastic vows into a monastery. When she refused, she was forcibly tonsured. Then, according to legend, she cursed future marriage Grand Duke and predicted: “God sees and will take revenge on my persecutor!” From the new marriage of Vasily III and Elena Glinskaya was born future king Ivan groznyj. According to legend, at the minute of his birth, August 25, 1530, at 7 pm, three peals of thunder followed one after another with a blinding flash of lightning.

Solomonia, tonsured under the name of Sophia, remained a nun for more than 17 years and died in 1542. There is a terrible legend that the Grand Duke’s supposedly just tonsured wife turned out to be pregnant by him “to the horror and repentance” of her ex-husband. She gave birth to a son, named him George and raised him with a dream of revenge: “In due time he will appear in power and glory.” All the legends about the famous robber Kudeyar are associated with his name, who either led the Crimean Khan to Moscow during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, or, on the contrary, allegedly saved the life of his royal brother.

This monastery was not plundered during the Napoleonic invasion, although the French entered it. According to legend, they wanted to tear off the rich frame from the miraculous Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. One of the soldiers rushed to the image, but was immediately seriously injured and could no longer budge. Amazed by this, the rest of the invaders ran out of the monastery.

Corner of a brick monastery wall on the boulevard by artist V.G. Perov portrayed in the film “Troika”.

The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Putinki is the last tented stone church in the history of Russian architecture.

Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Putinki, which is in the old Ambassadorial Courtyard, was founded in 1649 after a fire that destroyed the previous wooden Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, and completed in 1652 under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

The name “in Putinki” is due to the fact that next to the church there was a Traveling Embassy Courtyard, where European ambassadors arriving in Moscow stayed (usually through Novgorod along the Tver Road). IN different times“What is the Tver Gate on Dmitrovka”, “in the old Ambassadorial yard, in Putinki” was added to the name of the temple until the modern name was established.

The church was built from specially molded brick and included: a quadrangle stretching from north to south, topped with three tents, a lowered rectangular altar volume, a cube-shaped chapel of the Burning Bush, topped with a tent on a drum, a two-tier bell tower and a small refectory adjacent to the quadrangle. churches from the west.

After the completion of the temple in 1653, Patriarch Nikon stopped the construction of tent-roofed churches in Rus'. Thus, Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Putinki is one of the last tented stone churches in Moscow.

At the end of the 17th century, a new wide refectory with a chapel of the Great Martyr Theodore Tiron was added to the temple, including older parts of the church, and a guardhouse was built with a passage to the bell tower. Complexity and fragmentation architectural solution The temple was enhanced by external paintings and multi-colored tiles.

In 1864, a new western porch of the temple was built with a tent similar to appearance to the other tents. This porch was dismantled during the restoration of the temple in 1957 and replaced with a new one, stylized in the 17th century.

In the 1930s, the brethren of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery served in the church, and in 1935 the parish was closed. After closure, office space was set up in the church building, and then a rehearsal base for the Moscow directorate of Circus on Stage, where dogs and monkeys were trained until the summer of 1990.

In 1990 the temple was transferred Orthodox Church, his recovery began. Father Seraphim (S.P. Shlykov) was appointed rector of the temple, but on the night of February 1-2, 1991, the priest was killed under unclear circumstances.

Services in the temple resumed in August 1991.

Alexander Abdulov made a great contribution to the restoration of the temple, on whose initiative in the courtyard of the theater. Since the late 1980s, the Lenin Komsomol has hosted the “Backyards” festival, the funds from which were directed to the restoration of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin. Abdulov also became the director of the concert film “Backyards-3, or the Temple must remain the Temple,” the entire proceeds from which were also transferred to the Temple restoration fund. January 5, 2008 at Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Putinki A. Abdulov's funeral service took place.

This church, located at the beginning of Malaya Dmitrovka, is the last of its kind. With its construction, an entire architectural era in Russian church architecture ended, and in the 20th century it remained the only one in Moscow that was completed in the form of three tents. Construction cost local residents a very impressive amount.

In this part of the street there was an Embassy Courtyard with a travel palace, where foreign ambassadors on their way to the Kremlin stayed. Hence the old name of the entire area - “Putinki”. The wooden church in the name of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary was mentioned for the first time in 1625; there is a version that even then it had a three-tent roof. In 1648 the temple burned down, a year later a new stone building was founded. Local residents, together with the clergy, through the Jerusalem Patriarch Paisius, who was then in Moscow, asked Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich for a stone for construction and money for work. The treasury allocated materials and 300 rubles. This amount was not enough, and after a second appeal the parishioners received another 400 rubles. Money was again not enough; in 1652 an additional 100 rubles were issued. As a result, the church cost 800 rubles, an unthinkable amount for mid-17th century century. But the temple was built unusual.

Important architectural feature The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Putinki is its facadeless nature: there is not one clearly defined main facade, it can be viewed from any point, it is richly decorated on all sides. Its structure is also non-trivial: the quadrangle stretches from north to south (and not from west to east), the bell tower is placed not from the west, as usual, but from the northeast, next to the three tents of the main part, placed in a row. These tents are not open from the inside, as was originally done in tent churches, but are built on top of the church vaults and serve a purely decorative function. The same can be said about the fourth tent, crowning the chapel of the Burning Bush, erected from the north in the form of a separate cube. The bases of all the drums and the tents placed on them are surrounded by large and small kokoshniks.

The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary was consecrated in 1652, and the following year Patriarch Nikon banned the construction of stone tented churches in Russia, giving preference to five-domed ones. However, a small “loophole” was left for the architects: since the decree did not say anything about bell towers, they continued to be built with hipped roofs until early XVIII V. So the church on Malaya Dmitrovka became the last tented church in Moscow.

At the end of the 17th century. from the southwest, the refectory with the chapel of the Great Martyr Theodore Tiron was expanded, receiving a more modest decor compared to the main part. Another change occurred in 1864, when a new building was added from the west for the visit of Emperor Alexander II closed porch, topped with a tent in the style of the main temple. In 1911, it was built from the south apartment building, partially blocking the view of the church.

During the Soviet era, other Moscow churches of similar architecture from the mid-17th century. were either completely destroyed or lost their completion. The building of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Putinki, despite the cessation of services after 1935, was not rebuilt, preserving the decor of the facades. Only the porch was redone again during the restoration in 1957: it became open and now resembled the entrance to the chambers of the 17th century. The interior decoration was destroyed; for many years the church served as a rehearsal base for the Moscow directorate of Circus on Stage.

In 1990, the temple was returned to believers; actor Alexander Abdulov provided great assistance in its restoration. It was here that his funeral service took place on January 5, 2008. The church has the status of a patriarchal metochion.