| The country | |
Location |
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confession |
Orthodoxy |
Moscow |
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Architectural style |
Russian pseudo-Gothic |
F. K. Sokolov |
|
Base |
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Start of construction |
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Completion of construction |
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State |
valid |
renovation period
Notable priests
Currently
Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (formerly of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary)- Orthodox Church of the Resurrection Deanery of the Moscow City Diocese.
The temple is located in the Preobrazhenskoye district, the Eastern administrative district of Moscow, on the territory of the former Nikolsky Edinoverie Monastery. Temple address: st. Preobrazhensky Val, 25.
By the arrival of the St. Nicholas at the Transfiguration Cemetery is also attributed to the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the Chizhevsky Compound (Nikolskaya Street), services in which are held on Sundays and holidays.
Initially, the temple was built in 1784-1790 in the pseudo-Gothic style as the Assumption Cathedral Chapel of the Old Believer community of the Fedoseevsky persuasion. V. I. Bazhenov was supposedly considered the architect of the cathedral before, but according to the latest, most reliable searches, the project was F. K. Sokolova.
“The stone single-domed church with a low bell tower above the western porch was built from the former bespopovshchina Fedoseev male main chapel, called the cathedral chapel. It was built according to the type of the Tsaritsyno Palace and was named Uspenskaya. It was built by Kovylin. In the temple there are many ancient icons of Novgorod, Korsun, Stroganov, Moscow and other letters, estimated at tens of thousands of rubles.
In the early 1850s, Emperor Nicholas I began to fight against sectarians and schismatics. At this time, the Old Believer community at the Preobrazhensky cemetery falls into disgrace and an investigation begins, after which the Preobrazhensky Old Believers are charged with treason, because:
In 1812, the Preobrazhensky Old Believers gladly met Napoleon, and helped him organize the issue of counterfeit Russian money, thereby undermining the financial system of Russia;
And also in the building of the Preobrazhensky Almshouse, a caricature image of the Russian emperor was found, where he “was depicted in a picture hanging in the chapel, in His face and attire with horns on his head, a tail behind him and with an inscription on his forehead 666, meaning the Antichrist.”
For this reason, some of the leaders of the community were expelled from Moscow into exile. Many other Old Believers adopted the same faith. More than 50, mostly merchant, families of the Old Believers joined the common faith, writing a letter of petition addressed to the emperor (although most of the Old Believers remained with their Fedoseev faith).
Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich, zealous for Orthodoxy, wished to bring the light of Orthodoxy to the most important places of schism, from which it spread throughout Russia, by opening Orthodox churches in them, among which he appointed to open one in the men's department of the Preobrazhensky Almshouse. But at the beginning of 1854, some of the most important, priestless parishioners of the Preobrazhensky Almshouse, such as the Guchkovs, Nosovs, Gusarevs, Bavykina, Osipova and others, expressed a desire to join Edinoverie in order to arrange a Edinoverie church from the mentioned chapel in the men's department of this House , to which, to the satisfaction of their desire, the Highest Imperial Command followed. And the desire of those who turned to Edinoverie to establish a Edinoverie Church here was all the more natural because the rites of the Edinoverie Divine service are similar to the Old Believer service, to which those who join were accustomed, and therefore their transition from the schism to the Orthodox Church became imperceptible to them. |
In 1854-1857 the temple was rebuilt according to the design of the architect A. O. Vivien. In the refectory part, a chapel was created in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
April 3, 1854 St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow consecrated the chapel in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker - this day is the birthday Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker at the Transfiguration Cemetery.
“The altars were built in 1857 at the expense of benefactors” - since the Fedoseevites, who originally owned the temple, do not have a liturgy due to the absence of priests and their temples do not need altars.
After the addition of the altar apse to the main part of the church, on June 2, 1857, St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow, consecrated the main (eastern) altar in honor of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos.
“The temple is cold, built according to the plan and facade of the Tsaritsyno Palace and consecrated in 1857 by Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow, who was wearing an ancient omophorion, a panagia of the first All-Russian Metropolitan Macarius and an ancient miter, with the staff of the Moscow hierarch Alexy.”
Then, an extension to the former Assumption chapel of a stone altar for the main church was begun, which on June 2, 1857 was consecrated according to the same ancient rite by the same Metropolitan Philaret, in the name of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos, whose name was also given to the former bespopovskaya chapel, turned into the said church. In the iconostasis of the main Assumption Church, the same icons remained that were in this chapel and which, as the story goes, the founder of the Preobrazhensky Almshouse, Ilya Alekseevich Kovylin, were replaced and stolen from the church of St. Anastasia on Neglinnaya, near the Kuznetsk bridge built by Empress Anastasia, wife of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. For allowing such a substitution, the clergymen of that church were deprived of their dignity, and Kovylin was brought to criminal court, which, due to Kovylin’s trickery and bribery, decided the following very significant definition: “Since the main culprits who allowed the theft of images were punished by the spiritual court, and the accomplice of this kidnapping, Kovylin, disappeared, then this case should be stopped, ”and stopped. In the altar of this Assumption Church, along the eastern wall, there are very remarkable ancient images that came to the Transfiguration Almshouse from the former Moscow Ozerkovskaya Fedoseevskaya chapel, and the image of the union of the earthly militant Church of Christ with the heavenly Triumphant chapel, located at the southern door, came from the former Moninskaya chapel without priests. During the consecration of the Assumption Church, many said that this event fulfilled and fulfilled the words of Christ the Savior, who promised to found His Church so strong and invincible that the gates of hell would not prevail against it. |
In 1866, the temple became the cathedral of the Nikolsky monastery founded under him. From the monastery buildings, except for the church of St. Nicholas also survived: the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (beginning of the 19th century, architect F.K. Sokolov, consecrated in 1854 from an Old Believer chapel), a bell tower (1876-1879, architect M.K. Geppener), cell buildings (1801) .
By 1923, the monastery was completely closed, and most of the buildings were turned into a community house (dormitory) of the Radio plant, and in the 1930s, most of the walls of the monastery were broken. In the first half of the 1920s (during the church turmoil and schisms), the Soviet authorities handed over the church to the Renovationists. But the community of the same faith did not liberate the entire temple and remained to exist in the front (eastern) - Assumption part of the temple. The temple was divided into two parts by a brick wall, so that the main (eastern) part of the temple with the Assumption Throne was separated from the Nikolskaya (western) renovation - refectory part.
The renovationist community in the refectory part of the temple existed until about the mid-1940s. One of the last Renovationist abbots was Bishop Anatoly Filimonov (1880-1942). Then the refectory part of the temple was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church.
Around 1930, in the separated Nikolsky refectory part of the temple, in addition to the Nikolsky (northern) throne that had existed since 1854, a new Assumption (southern) throne was being built. A small iconostasis for which was brought from some church closed by the communist authorities. Also, a new iconostasis was built up along the entire eastern wall of the refectory and filled with tall ancient icons from the iconostasis of one of the cathedrals destroyed on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin.
By the end of the 1920s, the community of the same faith in the Assumption (eastern) part of the temple ceased to exist. At the same time, the Moscow community of the Old Believers-bespriests of the Pomor Accord was liquidated in the Church of the Resurrection of Christ and the Intercession of the Virgin, in Tokmakov Lane. But after an intensified petition of the Old Believers from this liquidated Tokmakovskaya community, the Soviet authorities decide to transfer the vacant Assumption (eastern) part of the temple for use by the Old Believers of the Bespopov Pomorsky sect, who still occupy it today, although the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Tokmakov Lane was returned to the community of Old Believers of the Bespopov Novopomorsky sect at the beginning 1990s.
“In the Nikolsky aisle of the current Orthodox Church, as in the time of Metropolitan. Philaret, the iconostasis and the altar are decorated with marvelous images of old Russian writing. They belong to the icon painters of the Korsun, Novgorod, Stroganov, Moscow and other schools of the XV-XVII centuries. The iconostasis contains the rarest of the icons of the Mother of God - "Akathist" (XVI century), the ancient image of "Sophia the Wisdom of God" (XVI or XVII century); the real decoration of it are the Royal doors and the “Last Supper” icon crowning them, which date back to the 15th century.”
The restoration and icon-painting workshop "Alexandria" operates on the territory of the temple.
The Old Believer Assumption Prayer Room, located in the eastern part of the temple, belongs to the Pomeranian Accord and is its center in Moscow. In 1990, there was a curious announcement on the doors of the Old Believer part: “Attention. Temple of the Old Believers!!! Entrance to persons in a drunken, indecent and immodest form, in hats, and women without headscarves and trousers are not allowed. Entering the temple during worship and praying to non-believers is not allowed and is forbidden by the holy fathers. Patriarchal Church to the right around the corner. The entrance to the Orthodox part is from the west, to the Old Believer part - from the north. Both temples have preserved a large number of ancient icons. Pomeranian Old Believers also do not have priesthood and liturgy, therefore the former altar (apse) existing in their part is used as a baptismal.
The translation of the word "Edinoverie" into English when the name of the Nikolsky Monastery sounds literally like "dissident"; in this regard, the following coincidence can be noted - since 1963, St. Nicholas Church has become the place of the widely publicized ministry of Father Dimitry Dudko, who, after the sermon, answered the questions of those present related to their spiritual problems. These conversations have been published. They attracted such wide attention that it was difficult to break into the temple, which could accommodate a small number of people. Unfortunately, in 1974, Father Dimitry Dudko was transferred to a parish near Moscow in the village of Kabanovo, Orekhovo-Zuevsky District.
Rectors after the return of the church to the Russian Orthodox Church
| Church of St. Nicholas at the Transfiguration Cemetery (Moscow) |
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| Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker at the Transfiguration Cemetery]] at Wikimedia Commons |
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Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (formerly of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary)- Orthodox Church of the Resurrection Deanery of the Moscow City Diocese.
Initially, the temple was built in the -1790s in pseudo-Gothic style as the Assumption Cathedral Chapel of the Old Believer community of the Fedoseevsky persuasion. The architect of the cathedral was previously considered presumably V. I. Bazhenov, but according to the latest, most reliable searches, the project was F. K. Sokolova.
“The stone single-domed church with a low bell tower above the western porch was built from the former bespopovshchina Fedoseev male main chapel, called the cathedral chapel. It was built according to the type of the Tsaritsyno Palace and was named Uspenskaya. It was built by Kovylin. In the temple there are many ancient icons of Novgorod, Korsun, Stroganov, Moscow and other letters, estimated at tens of thousands of rubles.
“The altars were built in 1857 at the expense of benefactors” - since the Fedoseevites, who originally owned the temple, do not have a liturgy due to the absence of priests and their temples do not need altars.
“The temple is cold, built according to the plan and facade of the Tsaritsyn Palace and consecrated in 1857 by Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow, who was in an ancient omophorion, a panagia of the first All-Russian Metropolitan Macarius and in an ancient miter, with a staff of the Moscow hierarch Alexy.”
Then, an extension to the former Assumption chapel of a stone altar for the main church was begun, which on June 2, 1857 was consecrated according to the same ancient rite by the same Metropolitan Filaret, in the name of the Assumption of the Most Holy Theotokos, whose name was also given to the former bespopovskaya chapel, turned into the said church. In the iconostasis of the main Assumption Church, the icons remained the same that were in this chapel and which, as the story goes, the founder of the Preobrazhensky Almshouse, Ilya Alekseevich Kovylin, were replaced and stolen from the church of St. Anastasia on Neglinnaya, near the Kuznetsk bridge (dismantled in 1793 d.), built by Empress Anastasia, the wife of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. For allowing such a substitution, the clergymen of that church were deprived of their dignity, and Kovylin was brought to criminal court, which, due to Kovylin’s trickery and bribery, decided the following very significant definition: “Since the main culprits who allowed the theft of images were punished by the spiritual court, and the accomplice of this kidnapping, Kovylin, disappeared, then this case should be stopped, ”and stopped. In the altar of this Assumption Church, along the eastern wall, there are very remarkable ancient images that came to the Transfiguration Almshouse from the former Moscow Ozerkovskaya Fedoseevskaya chapel, and the image of the union of the earthly militant Church of Christ with the heavenly Triumphant chapel, located at the southern door, came from the former Moninskaya chapel without priests. During the consecration of the Assumption Church, many said that this event fulfilled and fulfilled the words of Christ the Savior, who promised to found His Church so strong and invincible that the gates of hell would not prevail against it. .
"They moved into it at the beginning of 1930 from their own closed church in Tokmakov Lane". The Old Believers occupied the temple itself, and the refectory again went to the Patriarchate. A blank wall was made between the temple and the refectory; in the Orthodox part, two thrones were consecrated: the main one in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker from the north (after which the temple is now called Nikolsky) and another throne in honor of the Assumption of the Mother of God from the south. Aleksandrovsky has a mention that "the building has ceased to be an Orthodox church." But if it was closed, then not for long, because the main interior decoration was preserved.
“In the Nikolsky aisle of the current Orthodox Church, as in the time of Metropolitan. Philaret, the iconostasis and the altar are decorated with marvelous images of old Russian writing. They belong to the icon painters of the Korsun, Novgorod, Stroganov, Moscow and other schools of the XV-XVII centuries. The iconostasis contains the rarest of the icons of the Mother of God - "Akathist" (XVI century), the ancient image of "Sophia the Wisdom of God" (XVI or XVII century); the real decoration of it are the Royal doors and the “Last Supper” icon crowning them, which date back to the 15th century.”
The restoration and icon-painting workshop "Alexandria" works on the territory of the temple.
The Old Believer Assumption prayer house, located in the eastern part of the temple, belongs to the Pomeranian agreement and is its center in Moscow. In 1990, there was a curious announcement on the doors of the Old Believer part: “Attention. Temple of the Old Believers!!! Entrance to persons in a drunken, indecent and immodest form, in hats, and women without headscarves and trousers are not allowed. Entering the temple during worship and praying to non-believers is not allowed and is forbidden by the holy fathers. Patriarchal Church to the right around the corner. The entrance to the Orthodox part is from the west, to the Old Believer part - from the north. Both temples have preserved a large number of ancient icons. Pomeranian Old Believers also do not have priesthood and liturgy, therefore the former altar (apse) existing in their part is used as a baptismal.
The translation of the word "Edinoverie" into English when the name of the Nikolsky Monastery sounds literally like "dissident"; in this regard, the following coincidence can be noted - since 1963, St. Nicholas Church has become the site of the widely publicized ministry of Father Dimitry Dudko, who, after the sermon, answered questions from those present related to their spiritual problems. These conversations have been published. They attracted such wide attention that it was difficult to break into the temple, which could accommodate a small number of people. Unfortunately, in 1974, Father Dimitry Dudko was transferred to a parish near Moscow in the village of Kabanovo, Orekhovo-Zuevsky District.
renovation period
Rectors after the return of the church to the Russian Orthodox Church
Notable priests
Church of Saint Nicholas in Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery 04.jpg
Nikolsky temple
Church of Saint Nicholas in Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery 05.jpg
Nikolsky temple
Church of Saint Nicholas in Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery 13.jpg
Nikolsky temple
Coordinates : 55°47′28.5″ N sh. 37°43′02.1″ E d. / 55.79125° N sh. 37.71725° E d.(G) (O) (I)
55.79125 , 37.71725Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (formerly of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary)- Orthodox Church of the Preobrazhensky Deanery of the Moscow City Diocese.
“The stone single-domed church with a low bell tower above the western porch was built from the former bespopovshchina Fedoseev male main chapel, called the cathedral chapel. It was built according to the type of the Tsaritsyno Palace and was named Uspenskaya. It was built by Kovylin. In the temple there are many ancient icons of Novgorod, Korsun, Stroganov, Moscow and other letters, estimated at tens of thousands of rubles.
“The altars were built in 1857 at the expense of benefactors” - since the Fedoseevites, who originally owned the temple, do not have a liturgy due to the absence of priests and their temples do not need altars.
“The temple is cold, built according to the plan and facade of the Tsaritsyn Palace and consecrated in 1857 by Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow, who was in an ancient omophorion, a panagia of the first All-Russian Metropolitan Macarius and in an ancient miter, with a staff of the Moscow hierarch Alexy.”
Then, an extension to the former Assumption chapel of a stone altar for the main church was begun, which on June 2, 1857 was consecrated according to the same ancient rite by the same Metropolitan Filaret, in the name of the Assumption of the Most Holy Theotokos, whose name was also given to the former bespopovskaya chapel, turned into the said church. In the iconostasis of the main Assumption Church, the icons remained the same that were in this chapel and which, as the story goes, the founder of the Preobrazhensky Almshouse, Ilya Alekseevich Kovylin, were replaced and stolen from the church of St. Anastasia on Neglinnaya, near the Kuznetsk bridge (dismantled in 1793 d.), built by Empress Anastasia, the wife of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. For allowing such a substitution, the clergymen of that church were deprived of their dignity, and Kovylin was brought to criminal court, which, due to Kovylin’s trickery and bribery, decided the following very significant definition: “Since the main culprits who allowed the theft of images were punished by the spiritual court, and the accomplice of this kidnapping, Kovylin, disappeared, then this case should be stopped, ”and stopped. In the altar of this Assumption Church, along the eastern wall, there are very remarkable ancient images that came to the Transfiguration Almshouse from the former Moscow Ozerkovskaya Fedoseevskaya chapel, and the image of the union of the earthly militant Church of Christ with the heavenly Triumphant chapel, located at the southern door, came from the former Moninskaya chapel without priests. During the consecration of the Church of the Assumption, many said that this event fulfilled and fulfilled the words of Christ the Savior, who promised to found His Church so strong and invincible that the gates of hell would not overcome it, for the inner foundation for this temple was the Shrine, once stolen from the church of St. Anastasia. So, let’s add to this, everything taken from the holy churches into schismatic hands and their chapels, sooner or later, will have to return to the Orthodox Church, because the Shrine belonging to the church cannot forever remain, according to the word of Holy Scripture, in desolation and abomination.
Entrance to the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (west side)
“They moved into it at the beginning of 1930 from their own closed church in Tokmakov Lane.” The Old Believers occupied the temple itself, and the refectory again went to the Patriarchate. A blank wall was made between the temple and the refectory; in the Orthodox part, two thrones were consecrated: the main one in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker from the north (after which the temple is now called Nikolsky) and another throne in honor of the Assumption of the Mother of God from the south. Aleksandrovsky mentions that "the building has ceased to be an Orthodox church". But if it was closed, then not for long, because the main interior decoration was preserved.
The Orthodox community, in whose use the St. Nicholas Church (former refectory) is located, has never ceased to exist since April 3, 1854.
In the Nikolsky aisle of the current Orthodox Church, as in the time of Metropolitan. Philaret, the iconostasis and the altar are decorated with marvelous images of old Russian writing. They belong to the icon painters of the Korsun, Novgorod, Stroganov, Moscow and other schools of the XV-XVII centuries. The iconostasis contains the rarest of the icons of the Mother of God - "Akathist" (XVI century), the ancient image of "Sophia the Wisdom of God" (XVI or XVII century); the real decoration of it are the Royal doors and the “Last Supper” icon crowning them, which date back to the 15th century.”
The restoration and icon-painting workshop "Alexandria" works on the territory of the temple.
Article from the encyclopedia "Tree": site
Subsequently, Kovylin received the highest permission for the device of the Preobrazhensky almshouse. The monastery was surrounded by a stone fence with towers in the corners. Here is located the Fedoseevskaya bespopovskaya office - the center of the Fedoseevsky sense of the Old Believers - in which they carried out trial and reprisal, elected and approved spiritual fathers, sending them around the country. At the Transfiguration Cemetery, under the supervision of the architect Fyodor Kirillovich Sokolov, a whole ensemble of buildings was erected: a cathedral chapel (later a temple) in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (-); almshouse with a prayer room (-); gate chapel, later Holy Cross Church (-).
The surviving ensemble of the former monastery includes the Assumption (Nikolsky) cathedral church; fraternal building (hospital ward, in the eastern part of the monastery); gate building with the Exaltation of the Cross Church; service building (two one-story buildings from the north-west and south-west of the private building, architecturally similar to the rector's cell); bell tower; a fragment of the western wall (to the north of the gate church of the Exaltation of the Cross). Two one-story stone cells to the north of the Assumption Church were repaired and turned into church gatehouses by the year. In the eastern corner there is another two-story building (the 1st floor is stone, the 2nd is wooden). To the south of the Church of the Dormition there are three new two-storey shed-like structures. In the northwestern corner there is a one-story building (building No. 4). In the southwestern corner there is a fenced-in construction site.
The dark red brick temple with yellow decorations was erected in - years as a cathedral chapel in honor of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos. In the year the chapel passed to the Orthodox co-religionists as a parish church, in connection with which an altar was needed to serve the Liturgy and a chapel was built in the refectory part in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Then an apse was built for the main altar, and in the year the central Assumption Throne was consecrated. In the 1920s, the Assumption (main) and Nikolskaya (refectory) parts were separated by a blank brick wall, in connection with the joint use of the temple by two communities; at the same time, a new Assumption chapel was built in the Nikolskaya part.
The brick two-story building of the men's almshouse with a house Old Believer prayer house was built in the year. On both sides of the prayer room there were stone chambers and two-story round "retirades" with stone passages to them.
A detached red brick bell tower was built in the Gothic style in the years. By the 1960s, the roof of the bell tower had collapsed, and the entire building had turned black. In the late 1970s, the bell tower was repaired and the cross was gilded. As of the 1990s, there were no bells in the bell tower, and the passage was closed with a fence.
monastic
Parish
| The country | |
Location |
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confession |
Orthodoxy |
Moscow |
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Architectural style |
Russian pseudo-Gothic |
F. K. Sokolov |
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Base |
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Start of construction |
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Completion of construction |
|
State |
valid |
renovation period
Notable priests
Currently
Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (formerly of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary)- Orthodox Church of the Resurrection Deanery of the Moscow City Diocese.
The temple is located in the Preobrazhenskoye district, the Eastern administrative district of Moscow, on the territory of the former Nikolsky Edinoverie Monastery. Temple address: st. Preobrazhensky Val, 25.
By the arrival of the St. Nicholas at the Transfiguration Cemetery is also attributed to the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the Chizhevsky Compound (Nikolskaya Street), services in which are held on Sundays and holidays.
Initially, the temple was built in 1784-1790 in the pseudo-Gothic style as the Assumption Cathedral Chapel of the Old Believer community of the Fedoseevsky persuasion. V. I. Bazhenov was supposedly considered the architect of the cathedral before, but according to the latest, most reliable searches, the project was F. K. Sokolova.
“The stone single-domed church with a low bell tower above the western porch was built from the former bespopovshchina Fedoseev male main chapel, called the cathedral chapel. It was built according to the type of the Tsaritsyno Palace and was named Uspenskaya. It was built by Kovylin. In the temple there are many ancient icons of Novgorod, Korsun, Stroganov, Moscow and other letters, estimated at tens of thousands of rubles.
In the early 1850s, Emperor Nicholas I began to fight against sectarians and schismatics. At this time, the Old Believer community at the Preobrazhensky cemetery falls into disgrace and an investigation begins, after which the Preobrazhensky Old Believers are charged with treason, because:
In 1812, the Preobrazhensky Old Believers gladly met Napoleon, and helped him organize the issue of counterfeit Russian money, thereby undermining the financial system of Russia;
And also in the building of the Preobrazhensky Almshouse, a caricature image of the Russian emperor was found, where he “was depicted in a picture hanging in the chapel, in His face and attire with horns on his head, a tail behind him and with an inscription on his forehead 666, meaning the Antichrist.”
For this reason, some of the leaders of the community were expelled from Moscow into exile. Many other Old Believers adopted the same faith. More than 50, mostly merchant, families of the Old Believers joined the common faith, writing a letter of petition addressed to the emperor (although most of the Old Believers remained with their Fedoseev faith).
Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich, zealous for Orthodoxy, wished to bring the light of Orthodoxy to the most important places of schism, from which it spread throughout Russia, by opening Orthodox churches in them, among which he appointed to open one in the men's department of the Preobrazhensky Almshouse. But at the beginning of 1854, some of the most important, priestless parishioners of the Preobrazhensky Almshouse, such as the Guchkovs, Nosovs, Gusarevs, Bavykina, Osipova and others, expressed a desire to join Edinoverie in order to arrange a Edinoverie church from the mentioned chapel in the men's department of this House , to which, to the satisfaction of their desire, the Highest Imperial Command followed. And the desire of those who turned to Edinoverie to establish a Edinoverie Church here was all the more natural because the rites of the Edinoverie Divine service are similar to the Old Believer service, to which those who join were accustomed, and therefore their transition from the schism to the Orthodox Church became imperceptible to them. |
In 1854-1857 the temple was rebuilt according to the design of the architect A. O. Vivien. In the refectory part, a chapel was created in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
April 3, 1854 St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow consecrated the chapel in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker - this day is the birthday Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker at the Transfiguration Cemetery.
“The altars were built in 1857 at the expense of benefactors” - since the Fedoseevites, who originally owned the temple, do not have a liturgy due to the absence of priests and their temples do not need altars.
After the addition of the altar apse to the main part of the church, on June 2, 1857, St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow, consecrated the main (eastern) altar in honor of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos.
“The temple is cold, built according to the plan and facade of the Tsaritsyno Palace and consecrated in 1857 by Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow, who was wearing an ancient omophorion, a panagia of the first All-Russian Metropolitan Macarius and an ancient miter, with the staff of the Moscow hierarch Alexy.”
Then, an extension to the former Assumption chapel of a stone altar for the main church was begun, which on June 2, 1857 was consecrated according to the same ancient rite by the same Metropolitan Philaret, in the name of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos, whose name was also given to the former bespopovskaya chapel, turned into the said church. In the iconostasis of the main Assumption Church, the same icons remained that were in this chapel and which, as the story goes, the founder of the Preobrazhensky Almshouse, Ilya Alekseevich Kovylin, were replaced and stolen from the church of St. Anastasia on Neglinnaya, near the Kuznetsk bridge built by Empress Anastasia, wife of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. For allowing such a substitution, the clergymen of that church were deprived of their dignity, and Kovylin was brought to criminal court, which, due to Kovylin’s trickery and bribery, decided the following very significant definition: “Since the main culprits who allowed the theft of images were punished by the spiritual court, and the accomplice of this kidnapping, Kovylin, disappeared, then this case should be stopped, ”and stopped. In the altar of this Assumption Church, along the eastern wall, there are very remarkable ancient images that came to the Transfiguration Almshouse from the former Moscow Ozerkovskaya Fedoseevskaya chapel, and the image of the union of the earthly militant Church of Christ with the heavenly Triumphant chapel, located at the southern door, came from the former Moninskaya chapel without priests. During the consecration of the Assumption Church, many said that this event fulfilled and fulfilled the words of Christ the Savior, who promised to found His Church so strong and invincible that the gates of hell would not prevail against it. |
In 1866, the temple became the cathedral of the Nikolsky monastery founded under him. From the monastery buildings, except for the church of St. Nicholas also survived: the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (beginning of the 19th century, architect F.K. Sokolov, consecrated in 1854 from an Old Believer chapel), a bell tower (1876-1879, architect M.K. Geppener), cell buildings (1801) .
By 1923, the monastery was completely closed, and most of the buildings were turned into a community house (dormitory) of the Radio plant, and in the 1930s, most of the walls of the monastery were broken. In the first half of the 1920s (during the church turmoil and schisms), the Soviet authorities handed over the church to the Renovationists. But the community of the same faith did not liberate the entire temple and remained to exist in the front (eastern) - Assumption part of the temple. The temple was divided into two parts by a brick wall, so that the main (eastern) part of the temple with the Assumption Throne was separated from the Nikolskaya (western) renovation - refectory part.
The renovationist community in the refectory part of the temple existed until about the mid-1940s. One of the last Renovationist abbots was Bishop Anatoly Filimonov (1880-1942). Then the refectory part of the temple was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church.
Around 1930, in the separated Nikolsky refectory part of the temple, in addition to the Nikolsky (northern) throne that had existed since 1854, a new Assumption (southern) throne was being built. A small iconostasis for which was brought from some church closed by the communist authorities. Also, a new iconostasis was built up along the entire eastern wall of the refectory and filled with tall ancient icons from the iconostasis of one of the cathedrals destroyed on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin.
By the end of the 1920s, the community of the same faith in the Assumption (eastern) part of the temple ceased to exist. At the same time, the Moscow community of the Old Believers-bespriests of the Pomor Accord was liquidated in the Church of the Resurrection of Christ and the Intercession of the Virgin, in Tokmakov Lane. But after an intensified petition of the Old Believers from this liquidated Tokmakovskaya community, the Soviet authorities decide to transfer the vacant Assumption (eastern) part of the temple for use by the Old Believers of the Bespopov Pomorsky sect, who still occupy it today, although the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Tokmakov Lane was returned to the community of Old Believers of the Bespopov Novopomorsky sect at the beginning 1990s.
“In the Nikolsky aisle of the current Orthodox Church, as in the time of Metropolitan. Philaret, the iconostasis and the altar are decorated with marvelous images of old Russian writing. They belong to the icon painters of the Korsun, Novgorod, Stroganov, Moscow and other schools of the XV-XVII centuries. The iconostasis contains the rarest of the icons of the Mother of God - "Akathist" (XVI century), the ancient image of "Sophia the Wisdom of God" (XVI or XVII century); the real decoration of it are the Royal doors and the “Last Supper” icon crowning them, which date back to the 15th century.”
The restoration and icon-painting workshop "Alexandria" operates on the territory of the temple.
The Old Believer Assumption Prayer Room, located in the eastern part of the temple, belongs to the Pomeranian Accord and is its center in Moscow. In 1990, there was a curious announcement on the doors of the Old Believer part: “Attention. Temple of the Old Believers!!! Entrance to persons in a drunken, indecent and immodest form, in hats, and women without headscarves and trousers are not allowed. Entering the temple during worship and praying to non-believers is not allowed and is forbidden by the holy fathers. Patriarchal Church to the right around the corner. The entrance to the Orthodox part is from the west, to the Old Believer part - from the north. Both temples have preserved a large number of ancient icons. Pomeranian Old Believers also do not have priesthood and liturgy, therefore the former altar (apse) existing in their part is used as a baptismal.
The translation of the word "Edinoverie" into English when the name of the Nikolsky Monastery sounds literally like "dissident"; in this regard, the following coincidence can be noted - since 1963, St. Nicholas Church has become the place of the widely publicized ministry of Father Dimitry Dudko, who, after the sermon, answered the questions of those present related to their spiritual problems. These conversations have been published. They attracted such wide attention that it was difficult to break into the temple, which could accommodate a small number of people. Unfortunately, in 1974, Father Dimitry Dudko was transferred to a parish near Moscow in the village of Kabanovo, Orekhovo-Zuevsky District.
Rectors after the return of the church to the Russian Orthodox Church
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