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INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

RECTIFIED ETHYL ALCOHOL FROM FOOD RAW MATERIALS

Specifications

Official publication

Preface

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009 "Interstate standardization system. Standards

Standard information

1 DEVELOPED by the State Scientific Institution “All-Russian” Research Institute of Food Biotechnology” of the Russian Agricultural Academy (GNU VNIIPBT Russian Agricultural Academy)

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (protocol dated June 7, 2013 No. 43)

4 By Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 28, 2013 No. 345-st, the interstate standard GOST 5962-2013 was put into effect as a national standard of the Russian Federation on July 1, 2014.

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index “National Standards”, and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index “National Standards”. Relevant information, notifications and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

©Standardinform, 2014

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without permission from the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

Interstate standard GOST 5962-2013

"RECTIFIED ETHYL ALCOHOL FROM FOOD RAW MATERIALS. TECHNICAL CONDITIONS"

(approved by order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 28, 2013 N 345-st)

Rectified ethyl alcohol from edible raw material. Specifications

Introduced for the first time

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to rectified ethyl alcohol from grains of various types, potatoes, sugar beets, raw sugar, molasses and other sugar- and starch-containing food raw materials (except for fruit) and obtained by rectification of alcohol mash or rectification of raw ethyl alcohol, as well as produced from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

Product safety requirements are set out in 4.1.3 (in terms of the volume fraction of methyl alcohol), labeling requirements - in 4.4, and packaging requirements - in 4.3.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 12.1.007-76 System of occupational safety standards. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements

GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) System of occupational safety standards. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination

GOST 5105-82 Steel cans for fuel and oils. Specifications

GOST 6247-79 Welded steel barrels with rolling hoops on the body. Specifications

GOST 13950-91 Welded and rolled steel barrels with corrugations on the body. Specifications

GOST 14192-96 Marking of cargo

GOST 15846-2002 Products sent to the Far North and equivalent areas. Packaging, labeling, transportation and storage

GOST 19433-88 Dangerous goods. Classification and labeling

GOST 26319-84 Dangerous goods. Package

GOST 30536-2013 Vodka and ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Gas chromatographic express method for determining the content of toxic microimpurities

GOST 31685-2012 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Method for determining the mass concentration of dry residue

GOST 31810-2012 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Determination of the mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases by capillary electrophoresis

GOST 32013-2013 Ethyl alcohol. Method for determining the presence of furfural

GOST 32036-2013 Ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Acceptance rules and analysis methods

GOST 32070-2013 Vodka and ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Gas chromatographic method for determining the content of volatile acids and furfural

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Classification

3.1 Depending on the degree of purification, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is divided into:

First grade (not used for the production of alcoholic beverages);

Highest purity;

- "Extra";

4 Technical requirements

4.1 Characteristics

4.1.1 Ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials must be produced in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technological regulations and technological instructions for alcohol of a specific name, in compliance with the requirements or regulations in force in the territory of the state that has adopted the standard.

4.1.2 In terms of organoleptic indicators, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials must meet the requirements specified in Table 1.

Table 1

4.1.3 In terms of physical and chemical parameters, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials must meet the requirements specified in Table 2.

table 2

4.1.4 The presence of furfural in alcohol is not allowed.

4.2 Requirements for raw materials and supplies

4.2.1 Rectified ethyl alcohols:

- “Lux” - produced from various types of grain and their mixtures in various ratios;

- “Extra” - produced from various types of grain and their mixtures in various ratios, a mixture of grain and potatoes (the amount of potato starch in the mixture should not exceed 60%);

- “Alpha” - produced from wheat, rye or a mixture of wheat and rye in various proportions;

- “Basis” - produced from any raw material of agricultural origin (except for fruit).

4.2.2 Ethyl rectified alcohol of the highest purification and first grade, depending on the feedstock, is produced:

From grain, potatoes or a mixture of grain and potatoes;

From a mixture of grain, potatoes, sugar beets and molasses, raw sugar and other sugar- and starch-containing raw materials in various proportions;

From molasses;

From the head fraction of ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

The use of rectified ethyl alcohol produced from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol for the production of vodka and liqueurs is not allowed.

4.3 Packaging

4.3.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is poured into specially equipped tanks or containers intended for it, made of materials approved for contact with a product of this type.

4.3.2 Tanks and reservoirs must be hermetically sealed with lids and have air vents equipped with safety valves. To establish the alcohol level, float or other safe level indicators are used.

4.3.3 Tanks and containers containing alcohol must be sealed.

4.3.4 It is allowed to pour ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials into clean barrels in accordance with GOST 13950 or GOST 6247, bottles - in accordance with regulatory documents in force in the territory of the state that has adopted the standard, canisters in accordance with GOST 5105 and other containers made from materials permitted for contact with a product of this type, which must be sealed or sealed. Packaging and capping of containers with rectified ethyl alcohol must ensure its safety and comply with the requirements or regulations in force in the territory of the state that has adopted the standard, GOST 26319.

4.3.5 Packaging of rectified ethyl alcohol for deliveries to the Far North and equivalent areas should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15846.

4.4 Marking

4.4.1 Transport marking - according to or regulatory legal acts in force in the territory of the state that has adopted the standard, GOST 14192. Marking characterizing the transport danger of the cargo - according to GOST 19433, indicating additional information:

Volume, 10 dm 3;

Gross weight, kg;

Number of the barrel, bottle, canister, tank;

The inscription "flammable liquid";

Danger sign, classification code, number.

5 Safety requirements

5.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials, in terms of the degree of impact on the human body, belongs to the 4th hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007.

The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of ethyl alcohol vapor in the air of the working area of ​​industrial premises is 1000 mg/m 3 .

5.2 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is a colorless, flammable liquid. Flash point - not less than 13°C, auto-ignition temperature - not less than 404°C.

5.3 Tanks, process equipment, pipelines and unloading devices associated with the reception, storage and movement of rectified ethyl alcohol must be protected from static electricity in accordance with the rules for protection against static electricity.

Electrical equipment must be explosion-proof.

5.4 In emergency conditions with an increased concentration of ethyl rectified alcohol in the air, as well as in case of fire, personal respiratory protection equipment and gas masks should be used.

5.5 Fire extinguishing agents: sprayed water, sand, asbestos blanket, all types of fire extinguishers.

5.6 When working with rectified ethyl alcohol, special clothing should be used in accordance with industry standards.

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Acceptance rules - according to GOST 32036.

7 Methods of analysis

7.1 Sampling - according to GOST 32036.

7.2 Methods of analysis:

Determination of the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol - according to GOST 32036;

Purity test with sulfuric acid - GOST 32036;

Test for oxidation - according to GOST 32036;

Determination of the mass concentration of acetaldehyde, fusel oil, esters, volume fraction of methyl alcohol - according to GOST 30536;

Determination of mass concentration of free acids - according to GOST 32036;

Determination of mass concentration of dry residue - according to GOST 31685;

Determination of mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases - according to GOST 31810;

Determination of the presence of furfural - according to GOST 32013;

Determination of the mass concentration of furfural - according to GOST 32070.

8 Transportation and storage

8.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is transported by all modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the transportation of dangerous goods in force for this type of transport and the rules for the transportation of liquid cargo in bulk in tank cars in force for railway transport.

8.2 Storage of rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is carried out in accordance with the instructions for acceptance, storage, dispensing, transportation and accounting of ethyl alcohol.

8.3 The shelf life of ethyl alcohol is unlimited.

Bibliography

GOST 5962-2013

Group H74

INTERSTATE STANDARD

RECTIFIED ETHYL ALCOHOL FROM FOOD RAW MATERIALS

Specifications

Rectified ethyl alcohol from edible raw material. Specifications

MKS 67.160.10

Date of introduction 2014-07-01

Preface

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for development, adoption, application, renewal and cancellation"

Standard information

1 DEVELOPED by the State Scientific Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Food Biotechnology" of the Russian Agricultural Academy (VNIIPBT Russian Agricultural Academy)

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (protocol dated June 7, 2013 N 43)

The following voted for adoption:

(Amendment. IUS N 3-2016).

4 By Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 28, 2013 N 345-st, the interstate standard GOST 5962-2013 was put into effect as a national standard of the Russian Federation on July 1, 2014.

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

An amendment has been made, published in IUS No. 3, 2016

Amendment made by database manufacturer

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notifications and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to rectified ethyl alcohol from grains of various types, potatoes, sugar beets, raw sugar, molasses and other sugar- and starch-containing food raw materials (except for fruit) and obtained by rectification of alcohol mash or rectification of raw ethyl alcohol, as well as produced from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

Product safety requirements are set out in 4.1.3 (in terms of the volume fraction of methyl alcohol), labeling requirements - in 4.4, and packaging requirements - in 4.3.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 12.1.007-76 System of occupational safety standards. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements

GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) System of occupational safety standards. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination

GOST 5105-82 Steel cans for fuel and oils. Specifications

GOST 6247-79 Welded steel barrels with rolling hoops on the body. Specifications

GOST 13950-91 Welded and rolled steel barrels with corrugations on the body. Specifications

GOST 14192-96 Marking of cargo

GOST 15846-2002 Products sent to the Far North and equivalent areas. Packaging, labeling, transportation and storage

GOST 19433-88 Dangerous goods. Classification and labeling

GOST 26319-84 Dangerous goods. Package

GOST 30536-2013 Vodka and ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Gas chromatographic express method for determining the content of toxic microimpurities

GOST 31685-2012 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Method for determining the mass concentration of dry residue

GOST 31810-2012 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Determination of the mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases by capillary electrophoresis

GOST 32013-2013* Ethyl alcohol. Method for determining the presence of furfural
________________
* GOST 32013-2012 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.

GOST 32036-2013 Ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Acceptance rules and analysis methods

GOST 32070-2013 Vodka and ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Gas chromatographic method for determining the content of volatile acids and furfural

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Classification

3.1 Depending on the degree of purification, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is divided into:

- first grade (not used for the production of alcoholic beverages);

- highest purification;

- "Basis";

- "Extra";

- "Lux";

- "Alpha".

4 Technical requirements

4.1 Characteristics

4.1.1 Ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials must be produced in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technological regulations and technological instructions for alcohol of a specific name, in compliance with the requirements or regulations in force in the territory of the state that has adopted the standard.

4.1.2 In terms of organoleptic indicators, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials must meet the requirements specified in Table 1.

Table 1

4.1.3 In terms of physical and chemical parameters, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials must meet the requirements specified in Table 2.

table 2

4.1.4 The presence of furfural in alcohol is not allowed.

4.2 Requirements for raw materials and supplies

4.2.1 Rectified ethyl alcohols:

- “Lux” - produced from various types of grain and their mixtures in various ratios;

- “Extra” - produced from various types of grain and their mixtures in various ratios, a mixture of grain and potatoes (the amount of potato starch in the mixture should not exceed 60%);

- “Alpha” - produced from wheat, rye or a mixture of wheat and rye in various proportions;

- “Basis” - produced from any raw material of agricultural origin (except for fruit).

4.2.2 Ethyl rectified alcohol of the highest purification and first grade, depending on the feedstock, is produced:

- from grain, potatoes or a mixture of grain and potatoes;

- from a mixture of grain, potatoes, sugar beets and molasses, raw sugar and other sugar- and starch-containing raw materials in various proportions;

- from molasses;

- from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

The use of rectified ethyl alcohol produced from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol for the production of vodka and liqueurs is not allowed.

4.3 Packaging

4.3.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is poured into specially equipped tanks or containers intended for it, made of materials approved for contact with a product of this type.

4.3.2 Tanks and reservoirs must be hermetically sealed with lids and have air vents equipped with safety valves. To establish the alcohol level, float or other safe level indicators are used.

4.3.3 Tanks and containers containing alcohol must be sealed.

4.3.4 It is allowed to bottle rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials into clean barrels in accordance with GOST 13950 or GOST 6247, bottles - in accordance with regulatory documents in force in the territory of the state that has adopted the standard, canisters - in accordance with GOST 5105 and other containers made from materials approved for contact with a product of this type, which must be sealed or sealed. Packaging and capping of containers with rectified ethyl alcohol must ensure its safety and comply with the requirements or regulations in force in the territory of the state that has adopted the standard, GOST 26319.

- volume, 10 dm;

- gross weight, kg;

- number of the barrel, bottle, canister, tank;

- the inscription “flammable liquid”;

- danger sign, classification code, number.

5 Safety requirements

5.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials, in terms of the degree of impact on the human body, belongs to the 4th hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007.

The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of ethyl alcohol vapor in the air of the working area of ​​industrial premises is 1000 mg/m.

5.2 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is a colorless, flammable liquid. Flash point - not less than 13 °C, auto-ignition temperature - not less than 404 °C.

Category and explosion hazard group of a mixture of ethyl alcohol with air - 11 A-T2 according to GOST 12.1.044 *.
________________
* Letter of Rosstandart dated July 23, 2018 N АШ-12186/03 clarifies that “There was a typo in clause 5.2 of GOST 5962-2013.” Should read: Category and explosion hazard group of a mixture of ethyl alcohol with air - II A-T2, determination is carried out according to GOST 12.1.044. - Database manufacturer's note.

5.3 Tanks, process equipment, pipelines and unloading devices associated with the reception, storage and movement of rectified ethyl alcohol must be protected from static electricity in accordance with the rules for protection against static electricity.

Electrical equipment must be explosion-proof.

5.4 In emergency conditions with an increased concentration of ethyl rectified alcohol in the air, as well as in case of fire, personal respiratory protection equipment and gas masks should be used.

5.5 Fire extinguishing agents: sprayed water, sand, asbestos blanket, all types of fire extinguishers.

5.6 When working with rectified ethyl alcohol, special clothing should be used in accordance with industry standards.

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Acceptance rules - according to GOST 32036;
- determination of the presence of furfural - according to GOST 32013;

- determination of the mass concentration of furfural - according to GOST 32070.

8 Transportation and storage

8.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is transported by all modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the transportation of dangerous goods in force for this type of transport and the rules for the transportation of liquid cargo in bulk in tank cars in force for railway transport.

8.2 Storage of rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is carried out in accordance with the instructions for acceptance, storage, dispensing, transportation and accounting of ethyl alcohol. N 881

Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2014

GOST 5962-2013

Group H74

INTERSTATE STANDARD

RECTIFIED ETHYL ALCOHOL FROM FOOD RAW MATERIALS

Specifications

Rectified ethyl alcohol from edible raw material. Specifications

MKS 67.160.10

Date of introduction 2014-07-01

Preface

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization have been established GOST 1.0-92"Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009"Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for development, adoption, application, updating and cancellation"

Standard information

1 DEVELOPED by the State Scientific Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Food Biotechnology" of the Russian Agricultural Academy (VNIIPBT Russian Agricultural Academy)

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (protocol dated June 7, 2013 N 43)

The following voted for adoption:

(Amendment. IUS N 3-2016).

4 By Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 28, 2013 N 345-st interstate standard GOST 5962-2013 came into force as a national standard of the Russian Federation on July 1, 2014.

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

An amendment has been made, published in IUS No. 3, 2016

Amendment made by database manufacturer

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notifications and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to rectified ethyl alcohol from grains of various types, potatoes, sugar beets, raw sugar, molasses and other sugar- and starch-containing food raw materials (except for fruit) and obtained by rectification of alcohol mash or rectification of raw ethyl alcohol, as well as produced from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

Product safety requirements are set out in 4.1.3 (in terms of the volume fraction of methyl alcohol), labeling requirements - in 4.4, and packaging requirements - in 4.3.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 12.1.007-76 System of occupational safety standards. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements

GOST 12.1.044-89(ISO 4589-84) System of occupational safety standards. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination

GOST 5105-82 Steel cans for fuel and oils. Specifications

GOST 6247-79 Welded steel barrels with rolling hoops on the body. Specifications

GOST 13950-91 Steel barrels are welded and rolled with corrugations on the body. Specifications

GOST 14192-96 Cargo marking

GOST 15846-2002 Products sent to the Far North and similar areas. Packaging, labeling, transportation and storage

GOST 19433-88 Dangerous cargo. Classification and labeling

GOST 26319-84 Dangerous cargo. Package

GOST 30536-2013 Vodka and ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Gas chromatographic express method for determining the content of toxic microimpurities

GOST 31685-2012 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Method for determining the mass concentration of dry residue

GOST 31810-2012 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Determination of the mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases by capillary electrophoresis

GOST 32013-2013* Ethyl alcohol. Method for determining the presence of furfural
________________
* Valid on the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 32013-2012, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.

GOST 32036-2013 Ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Acceptance rules and analysis methods

GOST 32070-2013 Vodka and ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Gas chromatographic method for determining the content of volatile acids and furfural

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Classification

3.1 Depending on the degree of purification, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is divided into:

- first grade (not used for the production of alcoholic beverages);

- highest purification;

- "Basis";

- "Extra";

- "Lux";

- "Alpha".

4 Technical requirements

4.1 Characteristics

4.1.1 Ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials must be produced in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technological regulations and technological instructions for alcohol of a specific name, in compliance with the requirements or regulations in force in the territory of the state that has adopted the standard.

4.1.2 In terms of organoleptic indicators, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials must meet the requirements specified in Table 1.

Table 1

4.1.3 In terms of physical and chemical parameters, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials must meet the requirements specified in Table 2.

table 2

4.1.4 The presence of furfural in alcohol is not allowed.

4.2 Requirements for raw materials and supplies

4.2.1 Rectified ethyl alcohols:

- “Lux” - produced from various types of grain and their mixtures in various ratios;

- “Extra” - produced from various types of grain and their mixtures in various ratios, a mixture of grain and potatoes (the amount of potato starch in the mixture should not exceed 60%);

- “Alpha” - produced from wheat, rye or a mixture of wheat and rye in various proportions;

- “Basis” - produced from any raw material of agricultural origin (except for fruit).

4.2.2 Ethyl rectified alcohol of the highest purification and first grade, depending on the feedstock, is produced:

- from grain, potatoes or a mixture of grain and potatoes;

- from a mixture of grain, potatoes, sugar beets and molasses, raw sugar and other sugar- and starch-containing raw materials in various proportions;

- from molasses;

- from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

The use of rectified ethyl alcohol produced from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol for the production of vodka and liqueurs is not allowed.

4.3 Packaging

4.3.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is poured into specially equipped tanks or containers intended for it, made of materials approved for contact with a product of this type.

4.3.2 Tanks and reservoirs must be hermetically sealed with lids and have air vents equipped with safety valves. To establish the alcohol level, float or other safe level indicators are used.

4.3.3 Tanks and containers containing alcohol must be sealed.

4.3.4 It is allowed to pour rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials into clean barrels according to GOST 13950 or GOST 6247, bottles - according to regulatory documents in force in the territory of the state that has adopted the standard, canisters - according to GOST 5105 and other containers made of materials approved for contact with a product of this type, which must be sealed or sealed. Packaging and capping of containers with rectified ethyl alcohol must ensure its safety and comply with the requirements [GOST 19433 with additional information:

- volume, 10 dm;

- gross weight, kg;

- number of the barrel, bottle, canister, tank;

- the inscription “flammable liquid”;

- danger sign, classification code, number.

5 Safety requirements

5.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials, in terms of the degree of impact on the human body, belongs to the 4th hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007.

The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of ethyl alcohol vapor in the air of the working area of ​​industrial premises is 1000 mg/m.

5.2 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is a colorless, flammable liquid. Flash point - not less than 13 °C, auto-ignition temperature - not less than 404 °C.

Category and explosion hazard group of a mixture of ethyl alcohol with air - 11 A-T2 according to GOST 12.1.044 *.
________________
* By letter of Rosstandart dated July 23, 2018 N АШ-12186/03 it is explained that “There was a typo in clause 5.2 of GOST 5962-2013.” Should read: Category and explosion hazard group of a mixture of ethyl alcohol with air - II A-T2, determination is carried out according to GOST 12.1.044. - Database manufacturer's note.

5.3 Tanks, process equipment, pipelines and unloading devices associated with the reception, storage and movement of rectified ethyl alcohol must be protected from static electricity in accordance with the rules for protection against static electricity.

Electrical equipment must be explosion-proof.

5.4 In emergency conditions with an increased concentration of ethyl rectified alcohol in the air, as well as in case of fire, personal respiratory protection equipment and gas masks should be used.

5.5 Fire extinguishing agents: sprayed water, sand, asbestos blanket, all types of fire extinguishers.

5.6 When working with rectified ethyl alcohol, special clothing should be used in accordance with industry standards.

6 Acceptance rules

GOST 32036 - determination of the presence of furfural - according to GOST 32013 ;

- determination of the mass concentration of furfural - by GOST 32070.

8 Transportation and storage

8.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is transported by all modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the transportation of dangerous goods in force for this type of transport and the rules for the transportation of liquid cargo in bulk in tank cars in force for railway transport.

8.2 Storage of rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is carried out in accordance with the instructions for acceptance, storage, dispensing, transportation and accounting of ethyl alcohol.

8.3 The shelf life of ethyl alcohol is unlimited.

Bibliography

For many, GOST is an indicator of the highest quality. You probably often hear from distilling experts: “This time I made excellent alcohol, the hydrometer showed the coveted 96.6. The taste, aroma and color did not disappoint either. All I had to do was figure out the equipment, read the literature, understand the process, and alcohol according to GOST is already on my table.”

But as the saying goes, “All that glitters is not gold.” Let's figure out together what alcohol is, whether it can be obtained at home in order to meet all GOST parameters, and whether the alcohol strength in the final product is an indicator of the highest purity.

The concept of "Ethyl alcohol"

Ethyl alcohol (C 2 H 5 OH) - ethanol, wine alcohol, methyl carbinol, food alcohol - a colorless, flammable liquid with a pungent taste and characteristic odor, miscible in any way with water, alcohols, ether, glycerin and other solvents. Boiling point tboil = 78.3°C.

Food grade ethyl alcohol

Produced from various types of grain, potatoes, sugar beets, raw sugar, molasses and other sugar- and starch-containing food raw materials (with the exception of fruit and berries) and obtained by distillation of alcohol mash or rectification of raw ethyl alcohol, as well as produced from the head fraction ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

In the original starch-containing raw material, enzymatic hydrolysis of starch (complex carbohydrate) is carried out to simple sugars fermented by yeast - the saccharification process, in other words, a mash is made at the beginning. Then it is fermented, resulting in a mash, which is subsequently distilled into raw alcohol and purified from possible impurities.

During alcoholic fermentation, various yeasts accumulate in the process of vital activity. impurities, giving alcohol an unpleasant pungent taste and smell. All of them are toxic to the human body.

By degree of volatility In relation to ethyl alcohol, impurities are divided into:

1. head ones- more volatile than ethyl alcohol: acetaldehyde, ethyl formic ether, methyl acetic ether, ethyl acetate, etc.
2. tail- less volatile components than ethyl alcohol: higher alcohols (propyl, isopropyl, amyl, isoamyl, etc.). Some of the tail impurities are insoluble in H 2 O => they are called fusel oil.
3. intermediate- impurities, which, depending on the alcohol content in the mixture, can be either head or tail. These include: isobutyric ethyl, isovaleryanoethyl ethers.

The liberation of raw alcohol from impurities that impair organoleptic properties is called the well-known process of rectification. We all do it at home.

Rectified alcohol according to GOST

For a more precise understanding of “What is alcohol according to GOST?” consider GOST 5962-2013 “Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Technical specifications".

This interstate standard is currently in force in the Russian Federation, as well as in the following countries: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

According to this standard, the organoleptic characteristics of rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials must correspond to the characteristics specified in Table 1.

Table 1

Everyone can appreciate the organoleptics and there are no special questions here. Complies - excellent. No means no.

But with physical and chemical parameters it will be more complicated. Let's take a closer look at the indicators and their corresponding standard values.

table 2

The table shows the generally accepted gradation according to the degree of purification - from lowest to highest:

• First grade (not used for the production of alcoholic beverages);
• Highest purity;
• Basis;
• Extra;
• Luxury;
• Alpha.

It is clearly shown that the main criterion for the degree of purification of alcohol is quantitative content of impurities.

At home, unfortunately, it is impossible to determine whether you have removed this or that impurity from ethyl alcohol. Based on the boiling point of the mixture, you can only roughly guess this, but you won’t be able to measure the amount of each impurity in the finished product at home. Already based on this fact, our homemade alcohol will not be classified as alcohol prepared and meeting all GOST parameters.

Of course, there is an option - to submit each time the received product for analysis to a special laboratory and achieve the values ​​​​established in the regulations, but you must admit, this is not practical either from a logical or financial point of view.

Now let us pay attention to another important point in the table of physical and chemical indicators - the content of ethyl alcohol. You should have noticed that with the same strength of “Extra”, “Lux” and “Alpha” alcohols, the amount of impurities varies, therefore, the purity of these alcohols differs.

As many people argue: “I got 96.6% alcohol. It is stronger than, for example, 93% alcohol, which means the degree of purification is higher.” In terms of alcohol content, it is obvious that 96.6% is more than 93%, but with the degree of purification, not everything is so simple. Who knows how many heads or tails were launched into the final 96.6% product. Even Alpha alcohol, declared according to GOST as the purest, is below 96.6 in strength. That's why The percentage of alcohol in the finished mixture does not indicate its quality.

A small digression regarding the terminology of rectified alcohol. Many moonshiners, making alcohol at home using a distillation column, get a hydrometer reading of 94, 95, 96% and call the final product “under-rectified.” The term “under-rectified” does not exist in the technology of production of strong alcoholic beverages. You get exactly rectified alcohol of different strengths.

95% alcohol is also GOST and calling it “under-rectified” is simply ignorant. Let's call a spade a spade.

Since we have considered GOST for rectified alcohol, it means that the standard indicators of distillates cannot be ignored.

Grain distillate according to GOST

Currently operating on the territory of the Russian Federation GOST R 55799-2013 “Grain distillate. Technical specifications".

Table 3 presents organoleptic indicators for grain distillates.

Table 3

In terms of physico-chemical properties, grain distillates must correspond to the values ​​indicated in Table 4.

Table 4

The table of physicochemical properties clearly shows that in grain distillates the concentration of impurities is much higher than in rectified alcohol. But this does not mean that distillates are more toxic to the human body. In this case, impurities play a positive role in shaping the taste and aroma of the final product and are by no means a negative defect.

To summarize, we can definitely say that GOST for alcohol is a regulation that establishes the standard amount of certain impurities. It is extremely difficult to obtain alcohol according to GOST at home, even if the strength of the finished mixture is 96.6%. The percentage of alcohol in the final product does not indicate its quality.