Many of us became familiar with such concepts as longitude and latitude in childhood thanks to the adventure novels of Stevenson and Jules Verne. People have been studying these concepts since ancient times.
In that era when there were no perfect navigation instruments in the world, it was the geographic coordinates on the map that helped sailors determine their location at sea and find the way to the right areas sushi. Today, latitude and longitude are still used in many sciences and make it possible to accurately determine the position of any point on the planet. earth's surface.
Latitude is used to set the location of an object relative to the poles. The main imaginary line runs at the same distance from and globe– equator. It has zero latitude, and on both sides of it there are parallels - similar imaginary lines that conventionally intersect the planet at equal intervals. To the north of the equator there are northern latitudes, to the south, respectively, southern latitudes.
The distance between parallels is usually measured not in meters or kilometers, but in degrees, which allows you to more accurately determine the position of the object. There are 360 degrees in total. Latitude is measured north of the equator, that is, points located in the Northern Hemisphere have a positive latitude, and points located in the Southern Hemisphere have a negative latitude. 
For example, the north pole lies at a latitude of +90°, the south pole - -90°. Additionally, each degree is divided into 60 minutes, and minutes into 60 seconds.
To find out the location of an object, it is not enough to know this place on the globe relative to the south or north. In addition to latitude, longitude is used for the full calculation, establishing the position of a point relative to east and west. If in the case of latitude the equator is taken as a basis, then longitude is calculated from the prime meridian (Greenwich), passing from North to South Pole through the London Borough of Greenwich.
On the right and left sides of the Greenwich meridian, ordinary meridians are drawn parallel to it, which meet each other at the poles. Eastern longitude is considered positive, and western longitude is negative. 
Like latitude, longitude has 360 degrees, divided into seconds and minutes. To the east of Greenwich is Eurasia, to the west are South and North America.
Imagine that you are sailing on a ship lost in the middle of the ocean, or moving through an endless desert, where there are no signs or indicators at all. How could you explain your location to rescuers? It is latitude and longitude that help to find a person or other object anywhere on the globe, no matter where it is.
Geographical coordinates actively used on maps search engines, in navigation, on ordinary geographical maps. They are present in surveying instruments, satellite positioning systems, GPS navigators and other tools needed to determine the location of a point.
To calculate the coordinates of an object on the map, you must first determine in which hemisphere it is located. Next, you should find out between which parallels the desired point, and set the exact number of degrees - they are usually written on the sides of the geographical map. After this, you can proceed to determining longitude, first establishing in which hemisphere the object is located relative to Greenwich. 
Determining degrees of longitude is similar to latitude. If you need to find out the location of a point in three-dimensional space, its height relative to sea level is additionally used.
Geographic latitude φ is the angle between plumb line at a given point and the plane of the equator, measured from 0 to 90° on both sides of the equator.
The term "plumb line" means the direction towards the center of gravity ("astronomical latitude") or perpendicular to the surface at a given point ("geodetic latitude"). In the latter case, the “surface” is usually understood as the surface of an ellipsoid approximating the shape of the Earth. In practice, the differences are usually small - for example, in the WGS 84 system used in GPS receivers, the geometric center of the model is assumed to be no more than 2 centimeters from the Earth's center of gravity.
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Synonyms:Antonyms:
LATITUDE- LATITUDE, latitudes, plural. latitude, female 1. units only distracted noun to wide in 3, 4 and 5 digits. Breadth of horizons. Breadth of vision. Breadth of coverage. 2. One of the quantities that determine the position of a place on the earth’s surface: the distance from the equator along the meridian, ... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
latitude- s; pl. companies; and. 1. to Wide (5 6 digits). Sh. mind. Sh. soul, nature. Sh. views. Sh. interests. Sh. outlook. Sh. education. 2. Unwind = Width. W. river. W. streets. Sh. at home. 3. One of the geographic coordinates that determines the position of a point on... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
latitude- width, vastness, spaciousness; bagginess, infinity, comprehensiveness, range, vastness, volume, sweepingness, scale, freeness, orderliness, spaciousness, breadth, size, scope, reach, expanse, boundlessness,... ... Synonym dictionary
LATITUDE- LATITUDE, s, plural. from, from, from, wives. 1. cm wide. 2. Geographic coordinate that determines the position of points on the earth’s surface relative to the equator. Southern latitudes. At all latitudes (all over the globe, everywhere). Roaring latitudes (about the forties... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
latitude- LATITUDE, s, pl latitude, from, otam, w Special. A direction in space parallel to the equator, one of the geographic coordinates that determines the position of a point on the surface of the earth; distance from the equator along the meridian, expressed in degrees. Northern... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns
LATITUDE- LATITUDE, see the article Geographical coordinates... Modern encyclopedia
LATITUDE- one of the coordinates in a number of spherical coordinate systems that determines the position of points on the surface of the Earth, the Sun, planets and on the celestial sphere relative to the equator (ecliptic); see Geographical coordinates, Galactic coordinates, Ecliptic... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
LATITUDE- LATITUDE, the angle between the plumb line at a given point and the plane of the EQUATOR, measured from 0° to 90° on both sides of the equator. All latitudes are parallel to the equator, which is considered zero latitude. Each degree of latitude corresponds to 111 km. NORTH… Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary
latitude- latitude, s; pl. latitude, latitude, latitude... Russian word stress
Latitude- I f. Wide space, wide open space. II Vastness, unlimitedness. III 1. One of the coordinates that determines the position of a point on the earth’s surface. 2. Distance from the equator along the meridian, expressed in degrees (from 0 to 90). Intelligent... ... Modern Dictionary Russian language Efremova
Geographic coordinates consist of two components: latitude and longitude, angular values, using which each person can determine the location of any object on the world map. The study of the latitude and longitude of the globe has been carried out since ancient times.
Latitude is a geographic coordinate among spherical coordinate systems that defines points located on the Earth's surface relative to the equator. The geographic latitude of objects located in the northern hemisphere is considered positive, and in the southern hemisphere - negative.
In geography, there is the concept of southern and northern latitudes. Determining which latitude is southern and which is northern is simple: if a point moves from the equator towards the North Pole, it falls into the zone of northern latitudes.
Latitudes on the map are represented by lines running parallel to the equator and to each other, hence the name of these lines - parallels. The distance between parallels is measured not in kilometers, but in degrees, minutes and seconds.
Each degree consists of 60 minutes, 1 minute - of 60 seconds. The equator is zero latitude, the North and South Pole are located at 90 degrees north and 90 degrees south latitude, respectively.
One degree of geographic longitude is equal to 1/360 of the length of the equator.
Longitude is a coordinate in a geographic coordinate system that determines the location of a point relative to the prime meridian. Thanks to longitude, we can know the position of an object relative to west and east.
In geographical science, the zero point of reference for geographic longitude is considered to be the Greenwich Laboratory, which is located in east London (Greenwich meridian).
The lines that define longitude are called meridians. All meridians run perpendicular to the equator line. All meridians intersect at two points - at the North and South Pole.
The territories that are located east of the Greenwich meridian are called the region of eastern longitudes, the territories in the western direction are called the region of western longitudes.
Most continents are located in the region of eastern longitudes, with the exception of only two continents - Southern and North America. Points located on meridians have the same longitude but different latitude.
1/180th of the meridian is one degree of latitude. Average length one degree of latitude becomes approximately 111 km. Indicators of eastern longitude are considered positive, indicators of western longitude are considered negative.
Video lesson “Geographical latitude and geographic longitude. Geographic Coordinates" will help you get an idea of geographic latitude and geographic longitude. The teacher will tell you how to correctly determine geographic coordinates.
Geographic latitude- arc length in degrees from the equator to a given point.
To determine the latitude of an object, you need to find the parallel on which this object is located.
For example, the latitude of Moscow is 55 degrees and 45 minutes north latitude, it is written like this: Moscow 55°45" N; latitude of New York - 40°43" N; Sydney - 33°52" S
Geographic longitude is determined by meridians. Longitude can be western (from the 0 meridian to the west to the 180 meridian) and eastern (from the 0 meridian to the east to the 180 meridian). Longitude values are measured in degrees and minutes. Geographic longitude can have values from 0 to 180 degrees.
Geographic longitude- length of the equatorial arc in degrees from the prime meridian (0 degrees) to the meridian of a given point.
The prime meridian is considered to be the Greenwich meridian (0 degrees).
Rice. 2. Determination of longitudes ()
To determine longitude, you need to find the meridian on which a given object is located.
For example, the longitude of Moscow is 37 degrees and 37 minutes east longitude, it is written like this: 37°37" east; the longitude of Mexico City is 99°08" west.
Rice. 3. Geographical latitude and geographic longitude
To accurately determine the location of an object on the surface of the Earth, you need to know its geographic latitude and geographic longitude.
Geographical coordinates- quantities that determine the position of a point on the earth’s surface using latitudes and longitudes.
For example, Moscow has the following geographic coordinates: 55°45"N and 37°37"E. The city of Beijing has the following coordinates: 39°56′ N. 116°24′ E First the latitude value is recorded.
Sometimes you need to find an object at already given coordinates; to do this, you must first guess in which hemispheres the object is located.
Homework
Paragraphs 12, 13.
1. What are geographic latitude and longitude?
Bibliography
Main
1. Basic course in geography: Textbook. for 6th grade. general education institutions / T.P. Gerasimova, N.P. Neklyukova. - 10th ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2010. - 176 p.
2. Geography. 6th grade: atlas. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, DIK, 2011. - 32 p.
3. Geography. 6th grade: atlas. - 4th ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, DIK, 2013. - 32 p.
4. Geography. 6th grade: cont. cards. - M.: DIK, Bustard, 2012. - 16 p.
Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections
1. Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia / A.P. Gorkin. - M.: Rosman-Press, 2006. - 624 p.
Literature for preparing for the State Exam and the Unified State Exam
1. Geography: initial course. Tests. Textbook manual for 6th grade students. - M.: Humanite. ed. VLADOS center, 2011. - 144 p.
2. Tests. Geography. 6-10 grades: Educational and methodological manual / A.A. Letyagin. - M.: LLC "Agency "KRPA "Olympus": "Astrel", "AST", 2001. - 284 p.
Materials on the Internet
1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements ().
2. Russian Geographical Society ().
Geographic latitude and longitude are plotted on a world map. With their help, it is easy to determine the location of an object.
A geographical map of the world is a reduced projection of the earth's surface on a plane. It shows continents, islands, oceans, seas, rivers, as well as countries big cities and other objects.
The shape of the Earth is like a sphere. If you need to determine a point on the surface of this sphere, then you can use a globe, which is our planet in miniature. But there is the most common way to find a point on Earth - these are geographical coordinates - latitude and longitude. These parallels are measured in degrees.
Geographic map of the world with latitude and longitude - photo:
The parallels that are drawn along and across the entire map are latitude and longitude. With their help you can quickly and easily find anywhere in the world.
The geographical map of the hemispheres is easy to understand. On one hemisphere (eastern) Africa, Eurasia and Australia are depicted. On the other, the western hemisphere, are North and South America.
Our ancestors studied latitude and longitude. Even then there were world maps that were not similar to modern ones, but with their help you can also determine where an object is located and what. A simple explanation of what the geographic latitude and longitude of an object on a map are:
Latitude is a coordinate value in the system of spherical numbers, which defines a point on the surface of our planet relative to the equator.
Longitude is a coordinate quantity that determines the location of an object relative to the prime meridian.
Using the meridian, a direction such as north-south is determined, and vice versa.
Latitude on a geographic map is measured from the equator—zero degrees. At the poles there are 90 degrees of latitude.
Longitude on a geographic map is measured from Greenwich. The prime meridian is 0°. The farther an object is from Greenwich, the greater its longitude.
To determine the location of an object, you need to know its geographic latitude and longitude. As mentioned above, latitude shows the distance from the equator to a given object, and longitude shows the distance from Greenwich to the desired object or point.
How to measure, find out geographic latitude and longitude on a world map? Each parallel of latitude is designated by a specific number - a degree.
Meridians are also designated by degrees.
Measure, find out geographic latitude and longitude on a world map Any point will be located either at the intersection of the meridian and the parallel, or at the intersection of intermediate indicators. Therefore, its coordinates are indicated by specific indicators of latitude and longitude. For example, St. Petersburg is located at the following coordinates: 60° north latitude and 30° east longitude.
As stated above, latitude is parallels. To determine it, you need to draw a line parallel to the equator or a nearby parallel.
A clear example of determining geographic latitude coordinates on a world map can be found in the following video:
To determine geographic longitude, you need to determine the meridian on which the point is located, or its intermediate value.
Another example of determining the geographic coordinates of longitude and latitude on a world map in the video:
Any map shows all the parallels and meridians. Which maximum value has a geographic latitude and longitude? Highest value geographical latitude is 90°, and longitude is 180°. The most small value latitude is 0° (equator), and the smallest longitude value is also 0° (Greenwich).
The geographic latitude of the points of the earth's equator is 0°, the North Pole +90°, and the South Pole -90°. The longitude of the poles is not determined, since these objects are located on all meridians at once.
Determining geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude on Yandex and Google map online Schoolchildren may need to determine geographic coordinates from maps in real time when performing test work or on an exam.
Online mode is convenient because you can find out necessary information Here and now.
How to find a place by coordinates on Yandex and Google map? If you do not know the exact address of an object, but you know its geographical coordinates, then its location can be easily found on Google or Yandex maps. How to find a place by coordinates on Yandex and Google map? Follow these steps:
The result will appear instantly, and the object itself will be marked on the map with a “red drop”.
Finding satellite maps with latitude and longitude coordinates is easy. You only need to enter keywords into the Yandex or Google search window, and the service will instantly return what you need.
For example, " Satellite maps with latitude and longitude coordinates." Many sites will open providing such a service. Choose any one, click on the desired object and determine the coordinates.
Satellite maps - determining latitude and longitude coordinates The Internet gives us great opportunities. If previously you only had to use a paper map to determine longitude and latitude, now it is enough to have a gadget with a network connection.
