Alexander Nikolaevich Raevsky(-) - participant in the Patriotic War of 1812 (colonel), Odessa friend and rival of Pushkin, his addressee famous poem"Daemon".
Even in winter, I instinctively heard the danger for Pushkin, I did not allow myself to give him advice, but once I jokingly told him that due to his African origin, I still wanted to compare him with Othello, and Raevsky with his unfaithful friend Iago. A few days after my arrival in Odessa, an alarmed Pushkin ran in to tell me that the greatest displeasure was in store for him. At this time, several of the lowest officials from the office of the Governor General, as well as from government offices, were dispatched for the possible extermination of the locusts crawling across the steppe; Pushkin was among them. Nothing could be more humiliating for him...
A.N.Raevsky, 1820s.
According to Wigel, it was Raevsky who proposed sending the poet to fight agricultural pests. He played with the poet's feelings together with the governor's wife Vorontsova; rumor suspected them of having an affair. Only later did Pushkin discover the true face of the one whom he considered his friend.
The story of Raevsky's marriage showed that his character had not changed at all. The Kindyakov House was one of the few houses that took upon themselves the mission of revitalizing Moscow and collecting best color society. The Kindyakovs' daughter is twenty-two years old Catherine was considered the pearl of Muscovites. In 1833 Sushkova E.A. wrote in her diary about Kindyakova:
| ... Ekaterina Kindyakova is a meteor, this is a miracle... She is more ugly than beautiful; well built, but too short in stature; the head is thrown back, the nose is pimply and upturned, the arms are hanging; gallops like a magpie and is light as lead; Moreover, she is grimacing, affected and a coquette... She and her relatives are making things up in a terrible way. As soon as one of the gentlemen appears in their house, they rush to spread the rumor that this is a rejected groom - and these gentlemen in reality only laugh at her, despite her wealth, undoubtedly exaggerated and multiplied by the reviews of her loved ones. |
In the family of a major general Peter Vasilievich Kindyakov Alexander Raevsky was received. Ekaterina Kindyakova I even told him my heart secret. She loved Ivan Putyata, but his mother forbade him to marry, and then she married the confidant of her love, Alexander Raevsky.
(1795-11-27 )Alexander Nikolaevich Raevsky(-) - participant in the Patriotic War of 1812 (colonel), Odessa friend and rival of Pushkin, addressee of his famous poem “The Demon”.
Even in winter, I instinctively heard the danger for Pushkin, I did not allow myself to give him advice, but once I jokingly told him that due to his African origin, I still wanted to compare him with Othello, and Raevsky with his unfaithful friend Iago. A few days after my arrival in Odessa, an alarmed Pushkin ran in to tell me that the greatest displeasure was in store for him. At this time, several of the lowest officials from the office of the Governor General, as well as from government offices, were dispatched for the possible extermination of the locusts crawling across the steppe; Pushkin was among them. Nothing could be more humiliating for him...
A.N.Raevsky, 1820s.
According to Wigel, it was Raevsky who proposed sending the poet to fight agricultural pests. He played with the poet's feelings together with the governor's wife Vorontsova; rumor suspected them of having an affair. Only later did Pushkin discover the true face of the one whom he considered his friend.
The story of Raevsky's marriage showed that his character had not changed at all. The Kindyakov House was one of the few houses that took upon themselves the mission of revitalizing Moscow and gathering the best of society. The Kindyakovs' daughter is twenty-two years old Catherine was considered the pearl of Muscovites. In 1833 Sushkova E.A. wrote in her diary about Kindyakova:
| ... Ekaterina Kindyakova is a meteor, this is a miracle... She is more ugly than beautiful; well built, but too short in stature; the head is thrown back, the nose is pimply and upturned, the arms are hanging; gallops like a magpie and is light as lead; Moreover, she is grimacing, affected and a coquette... She and her relatives are making things up in a terrible way. As soon as one of the gentlemen appears in their house, they rush to spread the rumor that this is a rejected groom - and these gentlemen in reality only laugh at her, despite her wealth, undoubtedly exaggerated and multiplied by the reviews of her loved ones. |
In the family of a major general Peter Vasilievich Kindyakov Alexander Raevsky was received. Ekaterina Kindyakova I even told him my heart secret. She loved Ivan Putyata, but his mother forbade him to marry, and then she married the confidant of her love, Alexander Raevsky.
Alexander Nikolaevich Raevsky, 1795-1868, the eldest son of cavalry general Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky from his marriage to Sofia Alekseevna Konstantinova, was born in the Georgievskaya fortress; having received a thorough education at home, in 1810 he was assigned to the Simbirsk Grenadier Regiment and, being with his father in the Moldavian Army, was at the siege of Silistria and in the battle of Shumla; transferred to the 5th Jaeger Regiment (1811), he participated in the campaigns of 1812-1814, received the ranks of second lieutenant and lieutenant for distinction at Dashkovka (Saltanovka); awarded for Borodino horde. St. Vladimir, and for Krasny - a golden sword, he was transferred in 1813 to the Life Guards. Jaeger Regiment and appointed adjutant to Count M. S. Vorontsov; for distinction under Ferchampenoise he received an order. St. Anna 2nd Art. with diamonds, he was at the capture of Paris, and then lived with Vorontsov in France and England; in 1817 he was promoted to colonel and transferred to the Ryazhsky Infantry, and in 1818 - to the 6th Jaeger Regiment.
In April 1819, Raevsky was dismissed “until the illness was cured” to the Caucasian waters, seconded to the Caucasian Corps and, while under Yermolov (his father’s in-law), participated in expeditions against the highlanders. In June 1820, Raevsky met Pushkin, who came to the Caucasus with the family of N.N. Raevsky. Upon returning from there, he lived with his grandmother, Countess A.V. Branitskaya, in the White Church and here he became close to Countess E.K. Vorontsova. Having moved to Odessa, upon the appointment of Count M. S. Vorontsov here as Governor General (May 1823), he constantly visited his house as a relative; they say that to cover up his relationship with the countess, he took advantage of Pushkin, who soon paid with exile to the village; On October 1, 1824, Raevsky retired and lived - depending on where Vorontsova was - either in Odessa or in the White Church; here he was arrested (December 29, 1825) in the case of the Decembrists, brought to St. Petersburg, but acquitted and was even granted (January 21, 1826) to the chamberlain, and then again appeared in Odessa as an official of special assignments under Vorontsov, but in this he remained in rank only until October 1827; in July of the following year, Vorontsov, under the pretext that Raevsky had said something insolent to his wife, and also spoke disapprovingly of the government, obtained the Highest order to expel him to Poltava, with a ban on leaving the province. In 1829, Raevsky came to his dying father only with special permission, and after his death he settled on his estate; only a few years later he was allowed to move to Moscow. Here, on November 11, 1834, he married Ekaterina Petrovna Kindyakova, but five years later he was widowed (November 26, 1839) and devoted himself to raising his only daughter Alexandra; after she married Count I. G. Nostitz, he moved to Nice, where he died on October 23, 1868.
The connection with Pushkin has long drawn attention to the unique personality of Raevsky; the poet was friendly with him, living in Odessa, corresponded and at one time was under the strong influence of his “caustic speeches", which poured “cold poison” into his soul. Pushkin’s poems “Demon” and “Angel” belong to him, and maybe perhaps, and “Insidiousness." The oddities of Raevsky’s character showed up early, despite his remarkable, but one-sided mind; already in 1820, his father wrote about him: “I look for manifestations of love and sensitivity in him and do not find them. He does not reason, but argues, and the more wrong he is, the more unpleasant his tone becomes, even to the point of rudeness... His mind is inside out... I think that he does not believe in love, since he himself does not experience it and does not tries to inspire her." Wigel left an extremely harsh review of Raevsky; saying that he was distinguished by some kind of "hostile feeling towards all humanity," he writes: "There was no ambition in him, but from a mixture of excessive pride, laziness, cunning and envy his character was composed... His appearance still retained some pleasantness, although physical and mental ailments had already dried him up and wrinkled his brow." He was characterized by some kind of demonic malice, which forced him to hate those who did good to him, to destroy happiness wherever he noticed him. M. V. Yuzefovich testifies that Raevsky “really had something in himself that pressed down the soul of others; the power of his charm lay in his sharp and caustic denial... Pushkin in Odessa visited him in the evenings, having permission to put out the candles in order to talk with him more freely in the dark.”
(From a portrait that belonged to Count I. G. Nostitz, in Moscow.)
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Alexander Raevsky - Alexander Pushkin - Evgeny Onegin
They got along. Wave and stone
Poetry and prose, ice and fire
Not so different from each other.
First by mutual difference
They were boring to each other;
Then I liked it; Then
We came together every day on horseback,
And soon they became inseparable.
So people (I am the first to repent)
From nothing to do Friends.
But there is no friendship between us either.
Having destroyed all prejudices,
We respect everyone as zeros,
And in units - yourself.
We all look at Napoleons;
There are millions of two-legged creatures
For us there is one weapon;
We feel wild and funny.
Evgeniy was more tolerable than many;
Although he certainly knew people
And in general he despised them,—
But (there are no rules without exceptions)
He distinguished others very much
And I respected someone else’s feelings.
He listened to Lensky with a smile.
The poet's passionate conversation,
And the mind, still unsteady in judgment,
And an eternally inspired gaze,—
Everything was new to Onegin;
He's a cooling word
I tried to keep it in my mouth
And I thought: it’s stupid to bother me
His momentary bliss;
And without me the time will come;
Let him live for now
Let the world believe in perfection;
Forgive the fever of youth
And youthful heat and youthful delirium.
But more often they were occupied by passions
The minds of my hermits.
Having left their rebellious power,
Onegin spoke about them
With an involuntary sigh of regret.
Blessed is he who knew their worries
And finally he left them behind;
Blessed is he who did not know them,
Who cooled love with separation,
Enmity - slander; sometimes
Yawned with friends and with my wife,
Jealous, not bothered by torment,
And grandfathers' faithful capital
I didn’t trust the insidious two.
Eugene Onegin. A.S. Pushkin
Raevsky, Alexander Nikolaevich(1795-1868). - Colonel. Pushkin's friend, the complete opposite of the poet, the prototype of Pushkin's demon. Pushkin became close to him during a joint trip to Caucasus. min. water, and lived instead in Odessa. “He will be more than known” (Brother, 1820). He was arrested on suspicion of participation in secret societies. Having learned about R.'s arrest, Pushkin was worried about him: “I don’t doubt his political innocence, but he has sick legs, and the dampness of the dungeons will be fatal for him” (“Delvigu”, 1826). Indeed, R. was soon released and returned again to Odessa, where gr. Vorontsova is a distant relative and the object of R.’s constant love. “For speaking freely about the government” (in fact, because Vorontsov was dissatisfied with his relationship with his wives, known to everyone in Odessa) was administratively exiled to the village. R.’s “caustic speeches” soon lost their charm for Pushkin. He met R. again in the Caucasus (1829) and later in St. Petersburg. and Moscow. During a meeting in 1834, he found R. “a little dumb from rheumatism in the head” (“Diary”). “It seems he has perked up and wiser again” (Women, May 1836). See M. Gershenzon. "Family of the Decembrists." “Byloe”, 1907, No. 11-12. His: “Ist. young Russia".
A. N. Raevsky was very ugly in appearance, but his appearance was original, involuntarily striking the eye and remaining in the memory. From the memoirs of Count P. I. Kapnist: “Tall, thin, even bony, with a small round and short-cropped head, with a dark yellow face, with many wrinkles and folds, he always (I think, even when he was sleeping) retained a sarcastic expression, which, perhaps, was greatly facilitated by his very wide, thin-lipped mouth. According to the custom of the twenties, he was always clean-shaven and although he wore glasses, they did not take anything away from his eyes, which were very characteristic: small, yellow-brown, they always sparkled with an observantly lively and bold look and resembled Voltaire’s eyes.” The intelligence and brilliant abilities of A. N. Raevsky opened up a brilliant future for him. In a letter to his brother dated September 24, 1820, Pushkin wrote that “he will be more than famous.”
http://www.pushkin.md/people/assets/raevskii/raev_an.html
Raevsky Alexander Nikolaevich (11/16/1795 - 10/23/1868).
Materials used from Anna Samal's website "Virtual Encyclopedia of the Decembrists" - http://decemb.hobby.ru/
Retired colonel.
From the nobles. Born in the Novogeorgievskaya fortress. Father is a hero Patriotic War 1812, general of the cavalry Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky (14.9.1771 - 16.9.1829), mother - Sofya Alekseevna Konstantinova (25.8.1769 - 16.12.1844, granddaughter of M.V. Lomonosov). He was educated at the Moscow University boarding school. Entered service as a sub-ensign in the Simbirsk Grenadier Regiment - 16.3.1810, ensign - 3.6.1810, transferred to the 5th Jaeger Regiment - 16.3.1811, participant Russian-Turkish war in 1810, participant in the Patriotic War of 1812 and foreign campaigns, adjutant of the gr. M.S. Vorontsov with promotion to staff captain - 10.4.1813, captain - 10.4.1814, colonel with transfer to the Ryazhsky Infantry Regiment - 17.5.1817, to the 6th Jaeger Regiment - 6.6.1818, seconded to the Caucasian Separate Corps - 27.4.1819 , dismissed - 10/1/1824. Was close to A.S. Pushkin, whose poems “Demon”, “Insidiousness” and, possibly, “Angel” reflected his features.
He was suspected of belonging to secret societies, which was not confirmed during the investigation.
Arrest order - 12/19/1825, arrested in the town of Belaya Tserkov and delivered from the commander-in-chief of the 2nd Army by his adjutant, captain-captain Zherebtsov, to St. Petersburg to the main guardhouse - 6.1, 9.1 shown sent to the general on duty of the General Staff. The highest commanded (17.1.1826) to release with a certificate of acquittal.
Chamberlain - January 21, 1826, official of special assignments under the Novorossiysk Governor-General, Count. M.S. Vorontsov - 1826, retired - 10/9/1827, in July 1828 on the complaint of gr. M.S. Vorontsov was expelled from Odessa to Poltava with a ban on entry into the capital, then received permission to live freely wherever he wanted. Lived in Moscow, died in Nice.
Wife (from 11/11/1834) - Ekaterina Petrovna Kindyakova (11/3/1812 - 11/26/1839); daughter - Alexandra, in 1861 she married gr. Ivan Grigorievich Nostitsa. Brother - Nikolai; sisters: Ekaterina (10.4.1797 - 22.1.1885), married to the Decembrist M.F. Orlov-vym; Elena (29.8.1803 - 4.9.1852), Maria (25.12.1805 or 1807 - 10.8.1863), married to the Decembrist S.G. Volkonsky; Sophia (11/17/1806 - 2/13/1881), maid of honor. Paternal uncle - Decembrist V.L. Davydov.
Raevsky Alexander Nikolaevich (1795-1868), eldest son of General N. N. Raevsky. Pushkin met him at the beginning of his southern exile (1820), but close communication dates back to the Odessa period (1823-1824). Raevsky was a widely educated man, had a sharp mind, but was distinguished by a cynical, arrogant, skeptical outlook on life: “He did not believe in love, freedom, and looked at life mockingly” (Pushkin).
Daemon
He did not believe in love, freedom;
He looked at life mockingly -
And nothing in all of nature
He didn't want to bless.
At one time, this man captured the imagination of the poet. He seemed extraordinary. Tall, thin, wearing glasses, with a smart, mocking look in his small dark eyes, Alexander Raevsky behaved mysteriously and spoke in paradoxes. Pushkin predicted an extraordinary future for him. It is believed that Pushkin’s “Demon” reflects the features of Raevsky. But fate decreed otherwise. The brilliant mind of Raevsky, denying and ridiculing everything, could not create anything. The young man who promised so much became bilious and envious, as his famous enemy Philip Wiegel writes:
Although we know that Evgeniy
I have long ceased to love reading,
However, several creations
He excluded from disgrace:
Singer Gyaur and Juan,
Yes, there are two or three more novels with him,
In which the century is reflected,
AND modern man
Portrayed quite accurately
With his immoral soul,
Selfish and dry,
Immensely devoted to a dream,
With his embittered mind
Seething in empty action.
And it starts little by little
My Tatyana understand
Now it’s clearer - thank God -
The one for whom she sighs
Condemned by an imperious fate:
The eccentric is sad and dangerous,
The creation of hell or heaven,
This angel, this arrogant demon,
What is he? Is it really imitation?
An insignificant ghost, or else
Muscovite in Harold's cloak,
interpretation of other people's whims,
A complete vocabulary of fashion words?..
Isn't he a parody?
Alexander Raevsky, according to the definition of the famous literary critic V. Ya. Lakshin, is “a noticeable part of Pushkin’s mental life and spiritual movement.” Pushkin “idolized Raevsky, was drawn to him, reached the brink of his infatuation, was tormented by him, then hated him and finally outlived himself.” Raevsky “through the consciousness of the author, through Pushkin himself, is captured in the novel [“Eugene Onegin”]<...>Raevsky’s spiritual influence on Pushkin rose, flourished and fell, and all this was deposited in the layers of the novel, in the evolution of the hero.”
A sharp change in the poet’s attitude towards Raevsky occurred after he “used the power of holy friendship for evil persecution” (Pushkin): he turned out to be an intriguer, as a result of whose machinations the poet was expelled from Odessa.
Book materials used: Pushkin A.S. Works in 5 volumes. M., Synergy Publishing House, 1999.
Raevsky Alexander Nikolaevich (1795-1868). The eldest son of the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 N.N. Raevsky Sr., colonel. In 1819 he was seconded to the Separate Caucasian Corps and was treated for leg disease in the Caucasus mineral waters. Here Pushkin met him, who arrived in June 1820 with the Raevsky family. Later they met in Crimea, Kamenka, Kyiv. They became close in Odessa (1823-1824). Raevsky is an educated and extraordinary man, with a sharp, mocking mind. According to Vigel, who knew him well, Raevsky’s character was composed “of a mixture of excessive pride, laziness, cunning and envy... Pushkin’s fame throughout Russia, the superiority of mind that Raevsky internally had to recognize in him over himself, all this worried and tormented his".
Raevsky was Pushkin's rival in his affair with E.K. Vorontsova. It was believed that he played a treacherous role in relation to Pushkin and that Pushkin owed his deportation from Odessa to a new exile partly to his intrigues. It is believed that Pushkin wrote about Raevsky in the poem “Insidiousness” (1824).
INSANE
When your friend listens to your speeches
He responds with caustic silence;
When he takes his from your hand,
As if from a snake, it will pull away with a shudder;
How, a sharp, nail-like gaze looks at you,
He shakes his head with contempt, -
Don't say, "He's sick, he's a child,
He is tormented by insane melancholy";
Do not say: “He is ungrateful;
He is weak and angry, he is unworthy of friendship;
His whole life is some kind of heavy dream."
Are you right? Are you really calm?
Ah, if so, he is ready to fall into dust,
To beg a friend for reconciliation.
But if you are the holy power of friendship
Used for malicious persecution;
But if you made an intricate quip
His fearful imagination
And I found proud fun
In his melancholy, sobs, humiliation;
But if the despicable slander itself
You were an invisible echo of him;
But if you threw a chain on him
And betrayed his sleepy enemy with laughter,
And he read in your dumb soul
Everything secret with your sad gaze, -
Then go, don’t waste empty words -
You are condemned by the last sentence.
ODESSA and Elise
Among Pushkin scholars, it is believed that the Vorontsovs’ marriage was a matter of convenience: Elizaveta Ksaveryevna was not one of the homeless women. The husband did not consider it necessary to remain faithful to her; Pushkin in his letters mentioned the count's red tape and love affairs - perhaps in order to somehow justify the behavior of Elizaveta Ksaveryevna herself?
In the eyes of friends and acquaintances (at least in their youth, before interference in their family life Pushkin) The Vorontsovs looked like a loving couple. “What a rare couple! - A. Ya. Bulgakov reported to one of his correspondents. - What friendship, harmony and tender love between husband and wife! These are definitely two angels."
“Vorontsova’s fate in marriage is slightly reminiscent of the fate of Tatyana Larina, but the crystal purity of this beloved creation of Pushkin’s fantasy was not the lot of the countess,” said the famous Pushkinist P.K. Guber.
It is no coincidence that researchers associate the name of Countess Vorontsova with the famous Pushkin heroine. It was the fate of Elizaveta Ksaveryevna that inspired the poet to create the image of Tatyana Larina. Even before her marriage, she fell in love with Alexander Raevsky, with whom she was distantly related. Elizaveta Branitskaya, no longer a young girl (she was twenty-seven - three years older than Raevsky), wrote a letter of recognition to Alexander, surrounded by the halo of a hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. Like Eugene Onegin in Pushkin’s novel, the cold skeptic scolded the girl in love. She was married to Vorontsov, and the whole story seemed to end there. But when Raevsky saw Elizaveta Ksaveryevna as a brilliant society lady, the wife of a famous general, received in the best drawing rooms, his heart burned with an unknown feeling. This love, which dragged on for several years, distorted his life - this is what his contemporaries believed. Leaving service in the early twenties of the 19th century, tormented by boredom and idleness, he came to Odessa to win Vorontsova.
http://maxpark.com/community/4707/content/1370405
It’s much more pleasant in the countess’s salon, she is more kind and friendly, she is witty and plays music beautifully, there is something about her that attracts and promises... She is not without a literary gift, and her style and conversation enchant everyone around her... She is with Pushkin in some kind of verbal rivalry, and an internal connection arises between them. The Countess lacks real passion; she seems to be running away from secret meetings and at the same time preparing for them. Undoubtedly, the magnetism of her quiet, enchanting voice, the courtesy of her enveloping sweet conversation, the slender figure and proud aristocratic posture, the whiteness of her shoulders, rivaling the radiance of her beloved pearls - however, thousands of other elusive details of deep beauty captivate the poet and many surrounding men. With innate Polish frivolity and coquetry, she wanted to please, and no one succeeded in doing this better than her. She was young at heart, young in appearance. The Countess turned many heads, and it seemed she liked it. All this and her exceptional femininity allowed her to turn the head of Emperor Nicholas, a great hunter of women, but she “out of pride or calculation dared to slip out of hands of the king,” which was usually not possible for inexperienced court ladies, “and this unusual behavior brought her fame” in secular circles.
http://www.peoples.ru/family/wife/vorontsova/
And then this long-standing, strange romance swirled her around again, with new strength, like endless waltz rounds at the now endless “Vorontsov Balls”. It was impossible to resist the ardor of Raevsky - the “ivy”! Yes, she didn’t really want that! She was extremely flattered that he followed her everywhere like a shadow. From the White Church* (Branitsky family estate in Ukraine - author) to Yurzuf, from Yurzuf to Odessa... How many years! How many? She lost count!... She herself is already over... thirty.
Alexander Nikolaevich Raevsky, colonel of the headquarters of the 2nd Russian army, later stationed in Europe, from the end of 1812 served under the direct command of General Vorontsov, as an adjutant on special assignments. He accompanied Vorontsov on his trip to France and England in 1820-22. In addition, he was familiar, as a distant relative, with Eliza’s mother, Countess Alexandra Vasilievna Branitskaya. At the time of her marriage - May 2, 1819 - Countess Eliza was 27 years old. To M. S. Vorontsov himself - exactly a dozen more - the author).
The Countess shook her head lightly, returning from the depths of her memories to the boring babble of her guest, and persistently continued to look with her eyes, flashing from time to time with living golden sparkles, for her devoted “page”.
And there he is, at the opposite wall, talking with this strange gentleman, who recently arrived from Chisinau to Michel’s office, with some kind of order, or order from the government.
This gentleman kept disappearing in the library, rummaging through ancient papers and tomes.
She asked her husband who he was, and hearing the light and strange surname: “Pushkin,” I remember, she asked keenly, “Isn’t that the poet who wrote the lovely “Naina”? - “Ruslana and Lyudmila”! - her husband corrected her slightly mockingly, and said that he had written a special report about him to the Emperor, and a letter to Alexander Ivanovich Turgenev, a member of the State Council, Pushkin’s friend and patron, in which he promised him to look after the poet, “and fully contribute to the development of his talent.”
Eliza gasped and spread her arms: “Can her strict pedant, Michelle, understand anything about poetry?!” - and he only laughed that “if anything happens, he’ll take the necessary lessons from her!” - and, turning his sloping shoulders, he sent him back out of the office, muttering something in a low voice in English, without opening his lips.
She made out these words: “Ladies and poets o-o, it’s the same thing, you just need to add children to them!” - and smiling to herself at her husband’s habit of thinking out loud in English, she left and didn’t bother me with any more questions, fortunately, she had enough of her own things to do!
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%E0%E5%E2%F1%EA%E8%E9,_%C0%EB%E5%EA%F1%E0%ED%E4%F0_%CD %E8%EA%EE%EB%E0%E5%E2%E8%F7
In 1826 he received the court rank of chamberlain, served as an official of special assignments under the governor of Novorossiya M. S. Vorontsov, whose adjutant he was back in 1813. In 1827, after a conflict with Vorontsov, which erupted due to Alexander Raevsky’s insane passion for Countess Elizaveta Ksaverevna Vorontsova, he retired.
Raevsky was exiled to Poltava, where he lived forever. Only in the fall of 1829, with special permission, was he allowed to go to Boltyshka to see his dying father. After his mother and sisters left for Italy, Alexander Nikolaevich took over the management of Boltyshka and began to put the disorganized economy of the estate in order. Raevsky adhered to a regime of strict economy: he ate the same as the servants and dressed modestly. He regularly sent money to Italy and dealt with the property and financial affairs of M.N. Volkonskaya. During the cholera epidemic of 1831, he took measures to prevent the spread of the disease in the area. Only in 1834 Raevsky received the right to settle in Moscow. His appearance in the capital's society could not go unnoticed, although by this time his “demonic” charm was no longer the same, he still remained cynical, calculating, who loved to embarrass secular decorum.
In the same year, on November 11, Raevsky married the humble and ugly daughter of a Siberian landowner-single estate, Ekaterina Kindyakova, who had been in love with another for many years. The family of Major General Pyotr Vasilyevich Kindyakov welcomed Alexander Raevsky. Ekaterina Kindyakova even told him her heart secret. She loved Ivan Putyata, but his mother forbade him to marry, and then she married the confidant of her love, Alexander Raevsky. The parents of her chosen one categorically refused to give their blessing to the marriage with a girl from a family who “specialized” in making mattresses and shoemaking. Catherine trusted Raevsky, who for a long time and skillfully weaved the intrigue of the pimp, “comforted” the unfortunate woman and in the end married her himself. He always knew how to take advantage of a stalemate.
The newlyweds settled with the Kindyakovs, in a large stone house on Bolshaya Dmitrovka.
A.I. Turgenev wrote in his diary:
“... He undertook to marry her to someone else, and he himself got married. The story is the most scandalous and has quarreled half of Moscow.”
Pushkin, having met the Raevsky couple in May 1836, wrote to his wife:
“...Orlov clever man and a very kind fellow, but somehow I’m not a fan of him based on our old relationship; Raevsky (Alexander), who last time seemed a little dull to me, seems to have become livelier and wiser again. His wife is not a beauty - they say she is very smart. Since now I have added to my other advantages the fact that I am a journalist, I have a new charm for Moscow...”
But the couple did not live long - five years after the wedding in 1839, Ekaterina Petrovna died, leaving her husband with a three-week-old daughter, Alexandra. Now Raevsky’s whole life was devoted to raising his daughter.
Alexander Nikolaevich used his inheritance and his wife’s dowry very favorably, grew rich, and let his money grow. His daughter could sparkle with diamonds at balls.
In 1861 she married Count Ivan Grigorievich Nostits. But in 1863, the young countess died after giving birth, like her mother. Until the end of his life, A. Raevsky remained inconsolable.
The last years of Raevsky's life were spent alone abroad. And the loneliness of this unhappy man was a consequence of his character.
Raevsky died in October 1868 in Nice at the age of seventy-three.
* http://ricolor.org/history/cu/lit/puch/satana/
On Senate Square The salvos died down on December 14. Raevsky was suspected of having connections with “criminals” and was brought with his brother Nikolai to St. Petersburg; he was kept under arrest. “He is sick with his legs,” Pushkin wrote to Delvig in January 1826, “and the dampness of the casemates will be fatal for him. Find out where he is and calm me down." Raevsky turned out to be not involved in the conspiracy, and he was released.
In subsequent years, the name of Raevsky disappears from the pages of Pushkin’s correspondence, and memoirists do not mention him (in connection with Pushkin). New meetings in 1834 and 1836 were accidental.
L.A. Chereisky. Contemporaries of Pushkin. Documentary essays. M., 1999, p. 114-
culture art literature prose essay Raevsky Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Nikolaevich Raevsky(-) - participant in the Patriotic War of 1812 (colonel), Odessa friend and rival of Pushkin, addressee of his famous poem “The Demon”.
Even in winter, I instinctively heard the danger for Pushkin, I did not allow myself to give him advice, but once I jokingly told him that due to his African origin, I still wanted to compare him with Othello, and Raevsky with his unfaithful friend Iago. A few days after my arrival in Odessa, an alarmed Pushkin ran in to tell me that the greatest displeasure was in store for him. At this time, several of the lowest officials from the office of the Governor General, as well as from government offices, were dispatched for the possible extermination of the locusts crawling across the steppe; Pushkin was among them. Nothing could be more humiliating for him...
According to Wigel, it was Raevsky who proposed sending the poet to fight agricultural pests. He played with the poet's feelings together with the governor's wife Vorontsova; rumor suspected them of having an affair. Only later did Pushkin discover the true face of the one whom he considered his friend.
The story of Raevsky's marriage showed that his character had not changed at all. The Kindyakov House was one of the few houses that took upon themselves the mission of revitalizing Moscow and gathering the best of society. The Kindyakovs' daughter is twenty-two years old Catherine was considered the pearl of Muscovites. In 1833, E. A. Sushkova wrote about Kindyakova in her diary:
| ... Ekaterina Kindyakova is a meteor, this is a miracle... She is more ugly than beautiful; well built, but too short in stature; the head is thrown back, the nose is acne-prone and turned up, the arms are hanging; gallops like a magpie and is light as lead; Moreover, she is grimacing, affected and a coquette... She and her relatives are inventing things in a terrible way. As soon as one of the gentlemen appears in their house, they rush to spread the rumor that this is a rejected groom - and these gentlemen in reality only laugh at her, despite her wealth, undoubtedly exaggerated and multiplied by the reviews of her loved ones. |
In the family of a major general Peter Vasilievich Kindyakov Alexander Raevsky was received. Ekaterina Kindyakova I even told him my heart secret. She loved Ivan Putyata, but his mother forbade him to marry, and then she married the confidant of her love, Alexander Raevsky. A. I. Turgenev wrote in his diary:
Pushkin, having met the Raevsky couple in May 1836, wrote to his wife:
The newlyweds settled with the Kindyakovs, in a large stone house on Bolshaya Dmitrovka. But the couple did not live long - five years after the wedding in 1839 Ekaterina Petrovna died, leaving her husband a three-week-old daughter Alexandru. Now Raevsky’s whole life was devoted to raising his daughter.
Alexander Nikolaevich used his inheritance and his wife’s dowry very favorably, grew rich, and let his money grow. His daughter could sparkle with diamonds at balls.
In 1861 she married Count Ivan Grigorievich Nostits. But in 1863, the young countess died after giving birth, like her mother. Until the end of his life, A. Raevsky remained inconsolable.
The last years of Raevsky's life were spent alone abroad. And the loneliness of this unhappy man was a consequence of his character.
Raevsky died in October 1868 in Nice at the age of seventy-three.
Napoleon started the war with Russia because he could not help but come to Dresden, could not help but be overwhelmed by honors, could not help but put on a Polish uniform, could not succumb to the enterprising impression of a June morning, could not refrain from an outburst of anger in the presence of Kurakin and then Balashev.
Alexander refused all negotiations because he personally felt insulted. Barclay de Tolly tried to manage the army in the best possible way in order to fulfill his duty and earn the glory of a great commander. Rostov galloped to attack the French because he could not resist the desire to gallop across a flat field. And so exactly, due to their personal properties, habits, conditions and goals, all those innumerable persons who took part in this war acted. They were afraid, they were conceited, they rejoiced, they were indignant, they reasoned, believing that they knew what they were doing and that they were doing it for themselves, and all were involuntary instruments of history and carried out work hidden from them, but understandable to us. This is the unchangeable fate of all practical figures, and the higher they stand in the human hierarchy, the more free they are.
Now the figures of 1812 have long since left their places, their personal interests have disappeared without a trace, and only the historical results of that time are before us.
But let’s assume that the people of Europe, under the leadership of Napoleon, had to go deep into Russia and die there, and all the self-contradictory, senseless, cruel activities of the people participating in this war become clear to us.
Providence forced all these people, striving to achieve their personal goals, to contribute to the fulfillment of one huge result, about which not a single person (neither Napoleon, nor Alexander, nor even less any of the participants in the war) had the slightest aspiration.
Now it is clear to us what was the cause of the death of the French army in 1812. No one will argue that the reason for the death of Napoleon’s French troops was, on the one hand, their entry at a late time without preparation for a winter campaign deep into Russia, and on the other hand, the nature that the war took on from the burning of Russian cities and the incitement of hatred towards the enemy in the Russian people. But then not only did no one foresee that (which now seems obvious) that only in this way could the army of eight hundred thousand, the best in the world and led by the best commander, die in a clash with the Russian army, which was twice as weak, inexperienced and led by inexperienced commanders; not only did no one foresee this, but all efforts on the part of the Russians were constantly aimed at preventing the fact that only one could save Russia, and on the part of the French, despite the experience and so-called military genius of Napoleon, all efforts were directed towards this to stretch out to Moscow at the end of summer, that is, to do the very thing that should have destroyed them.
In historical works about 1812, French authors are very fond of talking about how Napoleon felt the danger of stretching his line, how he was looking for a battle, how his marshals advised him to stop in Smolensk, and give other similar arguments proving that it was already understood there was danger of the campaign; and Russian authors are even more fond of talking about how from the beginning of the campaign there was a plan for the Scythian war to lure Napoleon into the depths of Russia, and they attribute this plan to some Pfuel, some to some Frenchman, some to Tolya, some to Emperor Alexander himself, pointing to notes, projects and letters that actually contain hints of this course of action. But all these hints of foreknowledge of what happened, both on the part of the French and on the part of the Russians, are now exhibited only because the event justified them. If the event had not happened, then these hints would have been forgotten, just as thousands and millions of opposing hints and assumptions that were in use then, but turned out to be unfair and therefore forgotten, are now forgotten. There are always so many assumptions about the outcome of every event that takes place that, no matter how it ends, there will always be people who will say: “I said then that it would be like this,” completely forgetting that among the countless assumptions, completely opposite.
Assumptions about Napoleon's awareness of the danger of stretching the line and on the part of the Russians - about luring the enemy into the depths of Russia - obviously belong to this category, and historians can only attribute such considerations to Napoleon and his marshals and such plans to Russian military leaders only with great reserve. All the facts completely contradict such assumptions. Not only throughout the war was there no desire on the part of the Russians to lure the French into the depths of Russia, but everything was done to stop them from their first entry into Russia, and not only was Napoleon not afraid of stretching his line, but he rejoiced at how triumph, every step forward, and very lazily, unlike in his previous campaigns, he looked for battle.
At the very beginning of the campaign, our armies are cut up, and the only goal to which we strive is to unite them, although in order to retreat and lure the enemy into the interior of the country, there does not seem to be any advantage in uniting the armies. The emperor is with the army to inspire it to defend every step of the Russian land, and not to retreat. The huge Dries camp is being built according to Pfuel's plan and it is not intended to retreat further. The Emperor reproaches the commander-in-chief for every step of retreat. Not only the burning of Moscow, but the admission of the enemy to Smolensk cannot even be imagined by the emperor, and when the armies unite, the sovereign is indignant that Smolensk was taken and burned and that a general battle was not given before the walls of its walls.
The sovereign thinks so, but the Russian military leaders and all Russian people are even more indignant at the thought that ours are retreating into the interior of the country.
