Wooden larch shingles are made from selected wood. The butt part of the tree, which has virtually no small knots, is most suitable for making shingles. Wood with a high density of annual rings is selected. During processing, the younger part is removed from it, since it is susceptible to decay processes. For the production of roofing material, round timber is selected, the diameter of which is from 30 to 60 cm.
Roofing shingles are divided into two types - split shingles and sawn shingles. The logs are sawed into pieces 40 cm long, from which blocks are made, 8-10 cm thick. Next, the blocks are sawed or split into shingle plates, the thickness of which is 8-10 cm. Splitting is done manually using tools - a vice, a blade and a mallet. The block is clamped in a vice, a blade is pointed at the part of the future coating and a blow is struck.
Roofing shingles have different sizes- for shelter large areas larger products are used. The grade depends on the presence and size of knots. This shingle roof is an environmentally friendly material. Unlike traditional roofing, shingles are lightweight and can be used to cover any roof. The shingles have a high decorative value, it is not afraid of temperature changes and retains heat remarkably well. Larch tiles serve for decades without needing replacement or restoration work.
The price of wooden shingles depends on the type and grade of wood, as well as on the method of its processing. Products processed by splitting are more valuable. The BiG House company sells shingles made of larch and Angara pine - the most durable wood. The quality of our products is valued not only in Russia, but also in countries far and near abroad. From us you can order any volumes of wooden tiles, as well as other products made from Angara pine and larch. Call us, quality products are waiting for you at the best price.
Larch shingles are a roofing material that breathes and condensation does not form underneath. One of the many advantages of wooden shingles is their sound-absorbing properties - even if there is heavy rain or hail outside the window, there will be no noise in the house. A house with a shingle roof made of wood has an aesthetically pleasing exterior. It looks harmonious against the backdrop of a country landscape, reminiscent of the unity of man and nature.
After mechanized or manual processing the material is dried in special chambers. At the same time, it is strictly observed temperature regime and product holding time. The amount of moisture in wood is reduced to the optimal level of 18%. Shingle production involves impregnation of the material with fungicidal substances that prevent wood rotting.
It is also impregnated with a special compound that makes the wood fire-resistant.
If you are interested in such a material as larch shingles, then you will probably be interested in learning about the method by which shingles are produced.
The process of making larch shingles itself is much longer and more difficult than it seems at first glance. This is due to the fact that the quality of the final product depends fifty percent on the correct choice of wood, which is subsequently used for production.
This is precisely what can explain the preference of many companies whose activity is the production of larch shingles to this species of coniferous trees.
Those species that grow in Siberia are especially valued because of their special strength, almost equal to the strength of oak, which gives them special resistance to mechanical damage.
Due to the presence of gum in larch wood, it is reliably protected from damage.
It is also not afraid of high humidity (under the influence of which, larch becomes even more durable), nor the influence of rodents and bugs.
Another advantage that sets this tree apart from others, for example, beech, oak, ash, is a wide range of colors, which consists of 12 shades.
It is thanks to these properties, as well as the environmental purity and natural shine of the wood, that Siberian larch shingles are a unique roofing material that is in high demand among true connoisseurs of all that is best and perfect.
Experts at the plot select mature material, determined by the density of annual rings on the trunks. The more there are, the better.
The presence of knots and other defects is simply unacceptable, since their presence will significantly deteriorate the quality of the products that will subsequently be made from this wood.
At the end of the selection, the craftsmen cut the round timber into hemp blanks of a certain length, which are then subjected to splitting. As a result of this process, wooden tiles are obtained, which can be called shingles, shingles, or shingles.
Another serious point that needs to be given sufficient attention is that the most durable shingles are obtained from split, rather than sawn, blanks.
Wooden shingles made using the splitting method, due to the fact that the integrity of the wood fibers is not violated, will last 30% longer in comparison with sawn shingles.
In addition, only through splitting is it possible to give the surface of the roofing shingles a special relief, due to which a roof with such a coating will be good at dampening the noise of rain, hail, and wind.
Regarding the sizes of wooden shingles used for roofing works ah, then on roof areas of 100-500 m2, it is most convenient to use shingles 40 cm long. If we talk about the width, it can range from 6-20 cm. At the end of the board they take a wedge-shaped shape.
When considering the amount of material required for roofing work, you can adhere to the average statistical data - laying in three layers per 1 m2, as a rule, will require from 75 to 80 planks.
If you fail summary, then I would like to say that making larch shingles is a responsible process, the correct execution of which will determine the durability of the roof covered with this material.
Criteria for evaluating wood for planks
Making tiles with your own hands
Features of a wooden shingle roof
Advantages of wooden roof tiles
The modern market is saturated with a variety of metal and polymer roofing materials, among which wooden tiles are very rare. Previously, when timber extraction was carried out throughout the European part of Russia, wood was the most available material, which could be used to cover the roof. The advantages of shingle roofing allow it to become a serious competitor to expensive roofing materials.
It is possible to make a reliable wooden roof only from suitable wood. Only tiles made of hardwood with a dense structure can provide good protection of a building from wind and precipitation. A suitable raw material can be larch, which contains a large amount of phytoncides that prevent the formation of decay processes.
In general, wood used for making roof tiles yourself is assessed according to the following criteria:
Wooden dies, which are elements of a shingle roof, can be purchased ready-made; they are sold in specialized construction stores, or you can make them yourself. In the process of self-production of dies, you can obtain finished elements of high quality, since it is possible to control not only the quality of the wood, but also the production process.
Before you start making dies, you need to prepare the wood:
It is recommended to directly produce tiles from wood by splitting or sawing round timber. According to experienced craftsmen, the splitting process does not disturb the structure of the fibers, which makes the wood more resistant to rotting.
Wooden larch tiles are a piece of roofing material made from larch.
This coating can be used for any roof whose slopes have a slope of more than 18 degrees. For roofs with a slight slope, shorter dies are used. The roof of a non-residential building can be covered with one layer of tiles; the roof of residential buildings must have at least two layers of wooden tiles.
The plank roof structure looks like this:
Wood roofing cannot become a worthy competitor to modern materials, which are characterized by durability and excellent performance characteristics. However, those who value antiquity choose this material due to its attractiveness and original appearance.
Other advantages of wooden roofing include the following:
Wood shingles, made from high quality wood, are a beautiful and practical roofing covering. Combining with a variety of styles, shingle roofing complements a home's exterior and enhances its appearance.
Aspen is a type of deciduous tree for which the most favorable growth is the temperate and cold climate of Europe and Asia.
If we give a brief description of aspen, it is worth saying that it is distinguished by its softness of wood with its inherent light color, which is why any products made from aspen look very noble and elegant.
Thanks to the fineness of the fibers, aspen is easy and pliable to process, and for its almost complete absence of knots, this type of wood is loved by carpenters and craftsmen who work with this natural material.
An important role here is played by the fact that aspen is not prone to cracking and warping, and is also not afraid of high humidity.
Since the characteristics of aspen indicate a wide range of its applications, we will list only the main ones.
Currently, modern developers are showing increasing interest in wooden roofs and shingled facades, so we would like to talk about what properties they have if aspen was used in their manufacture.
Aspen shingles perfectly tolerates the most difficult conditions, since it is not afraid of either high humidity, temperature changes, or Sun rays. That is why aspen shingles can be used both as roofing and facade material, showing only its best side.
Wooden planks and aspen tiles, presented in the form of shingles or shingles, do not crack or dry out over time, so both the roof and the facade will look like new throughout the entire period of operation. The only thing that can give away the age of aspen materials is a light silvery tint, giving them a special nobility and beauty.
In the event that you plan to use natural and environmentally friendly materials when carrying out finishing and roofing work clean materials, then wooden shingles, shingles or aspen shingles are the right approach to furnishing your home.
Connoisseurs natural materials, used in construction and finishing, believe that split aspen shingles are the only right choice.
This is explained by the fact that this production method does not violate the integrity of wood fibers, which significantly extends its service life and makes it less susceptible to negative environmental factors.
There is no evidence yet as to how true this statement is, since previously shingles were made only by splitting wooden dies into planks.
Specialized machines and equipment for the production of shingles have appeared relatively recently, and not enough time has passed before we can say that the chipped production method is really much better than using equipment.
If you want to use wooden shingles for installing a roof or finishing facades, sawn aspen shingles can be considered as an affordable material, the characteristics of which allow you not to worry about quality and durability.
It differs from the chipped one in its more perfect geometric shape and precise dimensions, affordable price. All the boards are as chosen, even and smooth.
Additional surface treatment with special compounds makes it possible to provide them with additional protection and extend service life.
If you have a limited budget for purchasing materials, sawn aspen shingles are one of the best options, which is really worth considering.
Aspen wood has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account when producing from it. wooden products, including when releasing shingles:
Currently, the installation of chipped and sawn aspen shingles is carried out for roofing work, as well as for finishing facades and walls indoors.
Laying shingles on the roof, as a rule, is carried out by professionals, since the implementation of these works entails the expected result only if they are performed by experienced roofers.
Few people succeed in covering a roof with shingles with their own hands without the participation of specialists, so it is better not to install a wooden roof yourself.
If you really want to, then you need to get instructions for laying aspen shingles from material sellers who will not only give necessary advice, but will also provide special booklets, photo and video materials.
The now fashionable wooden roof is perhaps one of the greatest roofing “luxuries”. Roof of three to four hundred square meters will cost almost a million rubles. However, having studied the issue and mastered some skills, it is quite possible not only to build such a roof yourself, but also to make the material for it yourself. And it will cost an order of magnitude cheaper.
We know many architectural monuments of antiquity, and most of them are covered with wood. In forest-rich Russia, this was the best and most affordable roofing material. However, today's fashion for wooden roofs comes not from Russian antiquity, but from modern Europe. There they did not stop using wood for these purposes, since modernizing old houses in Holland, Switzerland, and France is prohibited by law.
A house in the Swiss Alps, covered with shingles, is protected by the state
Wooden roof in the most general sense, it is a roof made entirely of wood, with the exception of fastening materials- nails or screws. Although in ancient Rus' the fastening spikes were also made of wood. Let us at least remember the famous churches that have survived: in Spas-Vezhi (1628), Yuryev (1718), Yanidor in the Perm region (1702), Varzuga in the Murmansk region (1674), Kizhi on Onega Island (1714).
The Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in Kizhi was built without a single metal fastening element Fashion is fashion, but we need to understand what we are up to in our quest to make our home beautiful.
The advantages of such a roof are very significant:
Of course, there are also disadvantages:
In order to correctly understand what a wooden roof is, to understand the intricacies of choosing and laying its different types, you need to have a good knowledge of the structure of the roof in principle and the materials suitable for such a roof.
When designing and constructing roofing structures it is customary to use following terms.
Wooden roofing is made from any wood, but in most cases coniferous is preferable: spruce, cedar, larch (only soft linden or aspen are needed for the ploughshare). IN coniferous varieties contains resins and essential substances, natural antiseptics against bacteria and fungi.
A roof made of coniferous wood, even without treatment with a synthetic antiseptic, will last twice as long as a deciduous one.
Ideally, all types of roofing material are made from large trunks - 40-80 centimeters - in diameter, but smaller ones can be used for wood chips and shingles. Of course, the log should not have knots or through cracks, wane, blue stains, or damage by insects. The wetter the logs, the easier they are to process, but the longer the plates are after drying. A sawn log takes three years to dry, so it is advisable to saw it for faster drying into churaki (logs) 40-70 centimeters long and remove the bark. Then the drying time is reduced to six months. It is not recommended to use the middle of the log (sapwood), as well as the outer side (sapwood), for roofing elements; they are not strong enough. Finished plates of any type must be dried in packs to a moisture content of 25% - it is quite difficult to determine the finished state of the wood by eye, but it will take three to four months.
Roofing plates dry in packs for three to four months It is also necessary to take into account the location of the annual rings of wood - the more frequent they are, the stronger the elements of the wooden roof.
The name “wooden roofing” combines quite a few varieties. They differ:
Let's look at the types of plates, since they determine everything else.
The word “shingle”, along with the principles of application, came from Poland. Formally, this term combines shingles, wood chips, and shindel.
Shingles (from the Polish word gont) are thin and short wooden plates or planks used to cover roofs - “shingles”.
encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Efronhttps://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82
Shingles are made in two ways.
Based on the type of section, shingles are divided into two types.
Tongue and groove shingle roofing due to complex design The plates are very durable, but making it yourself is almost impossible.
Non-grooved shingles come in lenticular or rectangular sections and are then called shingles.
Special shingles more than a centimeter thick made from Canadian cedar will last for decades Shingles got their name from the verb “to tear” - plates 35-100 centimeters long, 15-20 centimeters wide, and a centimeter thick are cut or chipped from a log or lump along the fibers.
If coniferous species are used, then the shingles are split manually using a cleaver (special ax) and a “dryna” - a beater.
The shingles are plucked off using a cleaver and a drill If soft linden or aspen are used, a shingle machine works better. The historical machine for “drawing” was called a mahal. The master “waves” a log with a knife attached to it, which splits off the shingles from the attached block.
Mahalo - a machine for pinching shingles - requires great physical effort It is quite possible to make such a machine yourself. You need to movably fasten the end of a heavy log about three meters long with a pin to a heavy long base. Attach a latch for the block on the base a meter from the kingpin, and on the log - a knife-clip with a length of at least 50 centimeters. A handle is attached to the second end of the log for convenience. True, only a physically strong person can work on such a machine.
Properly made shingles are plastic, do not flake, on the one hand it is smooth and even (and is laid with this side down), on the other it is splintered, which is precisely why it does not crack when driving a nail. It bends only towards the smooth surface. The finished roof is very beautiful and looks like wrinkled scales.
Thin (up to 10 millimeters, and usually 2-3 millimeters) non-grooved shingles of rectangular cross-section are called chips or shavings. It is planed from blocks of equal length and width either by machine or by hand. On the upper side of the chips there are always “spins” that are noticeable when bent. The wood chips must be laid with the smooth surface down, and the “pins” must be directed towards the eaves of the roof so that water flows down them. Chips make it easy to create a coating with a large number of layers, which increases the protective properties of the roof in all respects.
Producing the required amount of wood chips or shingles and laying them is within the capabilities of any meticulous non-professional.
Chips lying on the roof often acquire beautiful shades
Shindel is often confused with shingles. This, of course, is one of its options, but more labor-intensive to manufacture. The name "wood shingles" is more accurate. Its form and name came to us from Europe: scindula from the Latin verb scindere - to split. Wood preparation is similar to that used in the production of non-grooved shingles and shingles. But then each plate is individually planed on all sides - the thickness is removed from one end, where it will be attached. For a better fit, the plates are butted on the sides, and a transverse chamfer is removed from the bottom edge to facilitate water drainage, or its entire geometry is changed - the edge is rounded or takes on a different shape.
On the side where the shindle will be attached to the roof, its thickness is less Making a spindle yourself is almost impossible due to the incredible labor intensity.
Depending on the shape of the shingle, you can get a variety of patterns of roofing material
The ploughshare is the most beautiful of all types of wooden roofing; it resembles a concave blade with carvings along the edge. The already mentioned churches of the 17th-18th centuries are covered with a ploughshare. And also - boyar mansions and wooden palaces. The ploughshare is made only from soft aspen, cut down in late spring, with the maximum amount of sap. Each petal is unique piece of art. It takes a lot of wood and a huge amount of manual labor. Therefore, the ploughshare is now used only for the restoration of old and - rarely - for the construction of new churches. When covering a dome, each row has its own “patterns” that differ in curvature. Due to humidity and time, the ploughshare bends even more and creates an impeccable dome shape.
A dome made of ploughshare is very expensive, so this material is most often used for the restoration of ancient temples The ploughshare represents true ancient art. I saw temples whose heads were covered with ploughshares. It looks incredible. They are covered with a noble silver patina and shine in the sun. It's as if the heads are covered with pure silver.
The ploughshare-covered dome of the chapel of St. John the Evangelist in the village of Zekhnovo, Arkhangelsk region, gives the impression of being made of pure silver
Only a very few professional woodworkers can use the plowshare.
Tes are simply boards, often equal in length to the size of the slope or half of it. Initially, they were split from a long log with an ax, and then hewn to more or less flat surface- hence the name. From that time, only grooves remained on the upper side of the boards for quick drainage of water.
The roof is made of planks using old Russian technologies. The boards are laid perpendicular to the ridge in three ways:
In all cases, the boards of the bottom row are laid with the core down, and the top row - out. Then, when the boards of both rows are deformed, they will create an airtight structure.
If the principle of laying planks is followed, the roof will never leak You can lay the democratic plank yourself.
Having studied the types of wooden coverings, we begin to select them, while simultaneously assessing our own capabilities.
In a very traditional Russian house, passed down from my great-grandfather to my cousin, the outbuildings are covered with wood chips - there are many buildings, the area of their roofs is quite large. These roofs are about a hundred years old. They have never been repaired and still do not leak. True, there are many layers - five or six, and the thickness of the roof is 7-8 centimeters. The size of the spruce plates is approximately 10x40 centimeters, thickness - 3-4 millimeters. Their great-grandfather personally pinched them with a cleaver. The cleaver has also been preserved - special, with a long and thin sting, similar to a scythe. They said that the thicker the chips, the worse it will be, the more it will warp. The nails there are still antique: iron, very thin and long, their length is enough for all the layers. The wood chips lie on a sparse sheathing of poles about five centimeters in diameter, hewn from the top and bottom sides. The slope is quite steep, about 35 o. There is no hydro-, steam-, or other insulation there, just an ordinary attic with a log ceiling, so you can look at the roof from below, from the attic. Everything is absolutely intact there too. The sheds and storerooms are quite warm, very dry, and the attics are also very cozy. Knowing about these roofs, remembering them from childhood, I am absolutely sure that if we want a durable and inexpensive wooden roof, then shingles or wood chips - perfect solution. I can confidently recommend shingles for self-laying, as the most economical and easy-to-implement material.
When doing calculations for the article, as always, I was faced with insufficient initial conditions. Therefore, everything can be calculated only by setting the conditions approximately. Well, at least we’ll show the way for the interested reader. Let's assume that we already have assembled truss structure gable roof with slope dimensions of 6x8.3 meters. This means that we already have a roof area of 100 square meters. Let’s also assume that we will do without any types of insulation, which means without a counter-lattice. And in our building there is no stove heating, which means there are no pipes. And we will lay the wood chips in three layers, considering that this is enough for our structure.
Using a template for sheathing under tiles makes life much easier for the craftsman Our roof has no valleys or ribs. But to strengthen the slopes and the ridge, you will need a certain amount of edged pine boards 30x150x6000 - no more than 0.5 m 3. And roofing felt for the ridge. You will also need about five kilograms of stainless steel screws.
Having made inquiries about average prices this season and in the Moscow region, I compiled the data into a rough table.
| Position | Name | Specification | Quantity | Unit price, rub | Price, rub |
| 1 | Round timber | Pine, 480x6000 mm | 6 m 3 | 8 500 | 51 000 |
| 2 | timber | Pine, 40x40x6000 mm | 0.35 m 3 | 8 200 | 2 870 |
| 3 | Edged board | Pine, 30x150x6000 mm | 0.5 m 3 | 9 500 | 4 750 |
| 4 | Nails | Galvanized, 1.8x50 | 14 kg | 60 | 840 |
| 5 | Tech-Krep screws | Galvanized, plasterboard-wood, 4.8x100 mm | 5 kg | 190 | 950 |
| 6 | Ruberoid | RPP 300 S2 | No more than one roll - 15 m | 250 | 250 |
| 8 | Bitumen or oil paint | In small quantities | |||
| 9 | Nails | Galvanized, plasterboard-wood, 2.5x100 mm | In small quantities | ||
| Total | 60 660 | ||||
As we can see, the price turned out to be very reasonable.
We will need:
The complete sequence of installation of a shingle roof is described below, starting with the manufacture of plates and ending with the installation of the ridge element.
We clear the churak from the sapwood. On the overhang and in the ridge part of the shingled roof, you need to make a continuous sheathing of two or three boards, depending on the number of layers of coating
The first layer is laid from shorter chips
The direction of laying chips in each next row must be reversed
A ridge gutter made of two boards crowns our roof.
Installation features for more complex roofing structures
Of course, the ideal conditions we have considered almost never occur in life. Let's briefly look at possible difficulties.
A hand-laid wooden roof, if done well, requires almost no maintenance. Just sweep away leaves from it in time in the fall and snow in the early spring - and you will be free from worries for many years.
The return to natural building materials is due not only to fashionable environmental arguments, although there is no doubt about their persuasiveness. Organic matter created by nature spontaneously adapts to the living conditions of its owners at a unique intellectual level. It is completely recycled after wear, without disturbing the natural balance either during or after use. Among the materials that have “surfaced” from the depths of time are shingles and other types of wooden roofing, firmly forgotten due to their considerable cost and labor-intensive installation. However, it is possible to cover a roof with shingles very economically. The technology is not complicated, but diligence and baggage simple rules the future roofer needs to stock up.
It is easy to guess that the installation of wooden shingles will involve meticulous fastening of each individual element. If you are interested in a budget wooden roof, you will also need to make the material yourself. But thanks to the excellent insulating properties of wood, the owners will not be disturbed by the sound of rain and cats prancing on the roof. And the structure will become unique due to the inimitable effect of the wooden plates.
All types roofing coverings, united under the technological name “shingle roofing”, work on the principle of a fir cone. When wet, their elements swell, as if they close together, turning into a barrier to atmospheric moisture. In dry weather, the wood shrinks, allowing air to circulate freely in the roof gaps and in the under-roof space. That is, both waterproofing and ventilation are carried out independently by natural organic matter. Therefore, wooden roof structures for the most part do not require the installation of steam and waterproof layers, if the slope angle of the slopes is not lower than the limits specified in DIN 68119.
To install a bathhouse roof, you can buy factory-made material or make it yourself. Factory-made options will not please you with their cheapness, but you will be impressed by the complete readiness for installation or the artistic carving of the lower edge. Elements of shingle coverings differ in manufacturing technology, configuration and installation method. Based on the listed differences, they are divided into the following types:
Note! Sawn material is noticeably inferior in terms of operational and technical specifications chopped analogue. During the sawing process, the natural structure of the wood fibers is disrupted, which is why it cannot withstand external negative factors.
Note. For proper fit, the side edges of the boards are chamfered. At an angle of 45º it must be done in the same direction on both sides. Craftsmen who know very well how to make shingles recommend chamfering the outer transverse edge for beauty and the inner one for a better fit.
Inexperienced home handyman It is possible to independently produce shingles or wood chips, which does not require special skills or qualifications as a wood carver. Despite the ease of processing lumber with natural moisture, it cannot be used; the logs must be stacked and dried. It will take 3 years for a log to “mature” until it is ready; the process can be accelerated by sawing it into logs with a minimum length of 40 cm. Then the logs will be ready in six months, but it is better to wait 9 months. It is very difficult to split dried hard rock, but in order to obtain wear-resistant roofing shingles it is worth the effort.
Naturally, there are few people who want to discover the shortage of the coating that has been prepared for installation for so long. Therefore, it is better to calculate the required number of logs in advance. There are special tables for calculating the amount of factory material. Using them, the number of planks required for laying in two or three rows on a slope with a certain slope can be easily calculated. The material is usually purchased with a 5% reserve in case of an unsuccessful attempt to hammer a nail. The home roofer also needs to focus on the roof area, the size of which depends on the steepness of the upper enclosing structure. However, first you need to calculate how many plates are needed to cover one meter.
Note. The optimal slope of a roof with wooden tiles is 55º-71º. Roofers consider the slope figure to be an indicator equivalent to the service life of the coating. The critical limit for the slope angle is 14º-18º. The higher the slope, the more material is needed for its construction.
A four-meter log from which wooden shingles will be produced can be divided into a maximum of 10 lumps. One block will yield 3 or 4 boards with a width of about 15 cm. Precise calibration of the elements is not required. 7 plates can be laid along the longitudinal line per meter of roofing. Further calculations depend on the number of coating layers. With a three-layer installation used for home improvement, only a third of the element reaches the daytime surface.
Over bathhouses, gazebos, and verandas, wooden tiles are usually laid in two layers. This means that the number of plates produced needs to be doubled, we get 14. With a two-layer laying with an overlap of the previous row of 10 cm, 30 cm of boards will “peek out” from under the next row. That is, approximately 3 rows go vertically. Let's multiply and round, we get 42 elements, but it is better to count on 50. The remainder will not be lost in any case. Shingles can be used to decorate the pediment, façade, or cover the walls inside.
Note. To make the first row from the eaves overhang and for the ridge analogue, the plates are made shorter.
Wood roofing is classified as a medium-heavy structure; roofing shingles will not weigh more than 17 kg. There is no need for a powerful rafter system for it. But the sheathing must be constructed in increments depending on the spacing of the elements. Experienced craftsmen It is advised to build the sheathing with a continuous flooring without gaps from the board. In the case we are considering, installing shingles in two layers of lath, you need to install them every 30 cm.
Note. The sheathing pitch for a three-layer finished roof is calculated by dividing the length of the element by 3. Rounding is done downward.
The plates are fastened with galvanized self-tapping screws designed for working with wood, special screw-shaped or grooved nails. The fasteners are placed in the two upper corners of the shingles, no closer than 2 cm to the edge.
Attention! In the case of a wooden roof with insulation, direct contact between the shingles and the waterproofing material is unacceptable. A ventilation gap must be formed between them by installing a counter-lattice. Ventilation will not be required if a superdiffusion membrane is used as an insulating layer.
The main components of a wooden roof are built according to the same technological principle for all roofs. A hermetically sealed tin apron is required around the chimney and along the connection lines. Endovy, convex corners are laid in a fan pattern. The ridge can be decorated by laying two joined long boards, installing short boards with an overlap similar to the structure of a ridge for ceramic tiles. You can lay a shingle on the ridge - a full-length log with a longitudinal groove formed for inserting the upper edges of the shingles under it.
The roof is the main finishing element of every building. Roof covering provides protection internal space buildings from environmental influences. Wooden shingles are the best natural roofing covering. Not only the operation of the entire building and its durability, but also human comfort depends on high-quality roofing work.
Wood roofing coverings are divided into types depending on production processes, configuration and installation method.
This is the ancestor of all types of wood tiles. The covering consists of wooden plates, the longitudinal section of which can be of various geometric shapes. It is worth noting that shingles, which are produced by cutting wood, are valued less than split shingles. When cutting the material, the structure of the tree is disrupted, which entails a decrease in resistance to external factors.
Wooden tiles are fixed to the sheathing using self-tapping screws or nails, which connect two plates to each other and enter the sheathing to a depth of 2 cm. If there is a dovetail lock, the fastening of the elements, in addition to mechanical fixation, occurs using the tongue-and-groove technology.
This is a simplified version of shingles, which has different sizes of length and thickness of the plates. The length of one plank ranges from 40 cm to 1 m, the size of the chips is smaller.
Wooden shingles of this type are made by chopping blocks into different sized plates. The wood for the plates must be thick and dried, otherwise many planks will not be suitable for laying. When using logs with a moisture content of up to 18% to make wooden shingles, there is a risk of cracks appearing in the material after complete drying.
When making the material, the soft center of the log (sapwood) is not used; such planks do not withstand long-term use. The finished wooden tiles should be free of defects not only in the form of cracks or holes, but also cracks and knots.
Such wooden shingles are made mainly from deciduous trees; softwood is rarely used due to its softness. The roof shingles are installed in staggered layers, with the plates overlapping both horizontally and vertically.
These wooden tiles are small chipped planks. The plates are laid overlapping on the roof; however, the staggered order of placement of the elements should not be observed.
The spindle is fixed with the displacement of the boards. This type of wooden tile is not rigidly attached to the sheathing; a small screw should remain. Due to this, the material is able to increase in size when in contact with moisture without swelling, the plates do not rest against each other.
In the manufacture of the shindel, deciduous trees are used, special attention is paid to how the structural rings of the wood are located. Due to a violation of the manufacturing technology, when repeatedly dried and moistened, wooden tiles warp in different directions.
This type of wooden tile looks like a blade with a carved edge. Only aspen is used to make the ploughshare. Each tablet is a work of art, created by hand by the skilled hands of a master. Technological process manufacturing involves the use of hand tools only.
Harvesting wood for this type of wood tile is carried out in the phase of active circulation of the largest amount of sap in the fibers. It takes a lot of time and material to make a plowshare, so the plates are expensive. Over time, aspen, when exposed to heat, acquires strength equal to stone and a silvery color.
Coniferous boards, which are installed on the roof along or across the eaves line. Fixing the board crosswise is more practical; the material lasts much longer.
To drain water, a gutter is formed in the center of the boards. The plank roofing is laid in several layers, leaving a gap. This material is fastened with nails. The boards that will be in upper layers, sanded on all sides and placed with the core of the wood facing out. Consequently, there is no need to sand the boards of the lower layers; when laying, the core is directed downward.
When choosing the direction of laying the material along the eaves line, the installation of boards begins with fixing the sheathing (finishing) board, from which the row is laid. The boards are overlapped by 5 cm for each subsequent row, which is laid on the previous one.
Before roofing with wood shingles, it is important to make a rough calculation of the amount of material. There are special tables for calculating the number of plates. It should be taken into account that the number of planks may vary depending on the installation method and the size of the plate.
It is recommended to purchase wooden tiles with a reserve of up to 10% of the original quantity. Volume wood material is calculated not only by the size of the total roof area, but by the steepness of the upper enclosing structure. The use of wooden roofing elements (shingles, shingles) of various lengths depends on these factors.
Before purchasing wooden tiles, you should calculate how many plates are required to cover one m2. When calculating the amount of roofing material, the size of the wooden tiles is taken into account: length - 40 cm, thickness 9-10 mm at the thick end and 5-6 mm at the thin end. Such tiles are used for roofs with an area of 100 to 500 m2. When calculating a wooden roof, take into account that the installation is carried out in three layers, so 75-80 planks will be needed to cover one m2 of roofing. The calculation is made for roofs with a slope from 18 to 90 degrees.
The amount of wood shingles for a roof depends on the number of layers of potential covering. IN construction stores finished wooden tiles are packaged in such a way that there are enough plates from one package to cover an area of 1 m2 with several layers.
To calculate the roof area, a standard mathematical formula is used to calculate the area of shapes.
When installed, wooden tiles require scrupulous work due to the fastening of each element separately. All types of wood roofing have the “fir cone” principle. When wet, the plates swell, causing the boards to close into a barrier that prevents water from penetrating into the inner layers of the roof. When dry, wood tiles bend slightly, the plates rise in the shape of a dome, while air circulates freely in the roof gaps and under-roof space. Waterproofing and ventilation processes take place. Due to this property, wooden shingles do not require additional work on laying waterproofing layers.
Wooden roofs have a number of advantages:
Wood has several disadvantages:
If you wish, you can make wooden shingles yourself. At home, types of tiles such as shingles or chips are made: their creation does not require special skills or qualifications of a carver.
To produce quality wooden covering It is not recommended to use wood with natural moisture for roofing. It is necessary to prepare the logs. To do this, the wood is dried for about 3 years. To speed up the drying process, the wood can be sawn into logs, and the minimum length of the base should be 40 cm. In this case, the wood is ready for use after 6 months, but it is recommended not to rush and let the material stand for 9 months.
Splitting dry wood is difficult and requires maximum physical effort. Dry wood shingles have a high degree of wear resistance. Each stump needs to be split into separate plates, and the tree needs to be split in layers. A board made in this way is less hygroscopic and has a long service life.
Afterwards, it is necessary to process the ends of the plates and adjust their size to each other as accurately as possible. Separately, you need to process the edge of the plate, which will be located under the adjacent plank. Finally, a drainage channel (drip channel) is formed on the wooden shingles. Do-it-yourself wooden tiles allow you to significantly save money and complete the roof according to a special project.
Recently, the use of wooden tiles in roofing work has been in demand. The material has unique properties and at first glance seems short-lived and fragile, however, wooden tiles perfectly protect the structure and give the building an aesthetic appearance.
