As a rule, not a single apartment or private house is complete without a doorbell, which notifies the homeowners about the arrival of guests. Previously, instead of electric bells, special “knock” handles or bells were used, suspended inside the home on a cord, the end of which was brought out. By the way, such a device is still quite functional for entering a house that is not surrounded by a high fence. And some adherents of the retro style successfully use this option. However, in our time, when private territory is most often protected and fenced, bells are usually installed on the fence gate, so bells and “knocks” are irrevocably a thing of the past.
Electric doorbells have always been traditional for city high-rise apartments. And recently, for the safety and peace of mind of residents, intercoms have been installed in addition to or instead of them. True, specialized companies undertake the installation and subsequent maintenance of such equipment. Nevertheless, the question of how to connect a call in an apartment or private house has not lost its relevance. Moreover, by doing this work yourself, without inviting a specialist, you can save a certain amount.
Doorbells come in a wide variety. They differ in operating principle, connection method, number of functions, and, of course, design. All these parameters directly affect the cost of the device.
So, according to the connection method, calls are divided into three types - mechanical, electromechanical and electronic.
The resonator consists of coils with a wire winding. When voltage is applied to them, an alternating electromagnetic magnetic field appears, causing the metal hammer to vibrate. He, in turn, hits the bowl, also made of metal, due to which the sound is reproduced.
Another option is that a movable core is inserted into the coil, which, under the influence of an electromagnetic field, moves up and down progressively. It alternately hits two plates, producing sounds of different tones.
This diagram shows the operating principle of an electromechanical device - the phase (L) is open at the button contacts, and the zero (N) is connected directly to the bell. When the button is pressed, the circuit closes, causing the device to emit a sound signal.
The bell, as shown in the diagram, can be connected to one or two buttons. The second connection option is used in cases where in a private house the signal must be supplied from two places, for example, from the gate and from the front door. And this is often practiced in the entrances of high-rise buildings - a button in front of the vestibule for several apartments, and a second one directly at the door. Each of the parallel-connected buttons is capable of completing a circuit, that is, they are independent of one another.
Electromechanical bells are usually inexpensive and do not have complex designs. However, the disadvantages can be considered a monotonous, most often not very pleasant sound and insufficient reliability of the mechanical part. However, unreliability is a relative matter. This defect is more typical of currently mass-produced models, the vast majority of which are made in China. And at the same time, very often there are electromechanical bells that have already served for dozens of years and are not going to “retire.”
An electromechanical bell is suitable for those home owners who are not particularly demanding about the sound tone of the signal.
Today, wired and wireless options for electronic calls are available for sale.
Connecting wired calls is practically no different from the diagram shown above for electromechanical types. True, there are models that, for greater safety, are powered by a voltage of 12 volts, or even from autonomous sources (batteries). That is, their connection must be carried out with the preliminary installation of a step-down transformer or the included power supply. On the button in such models, of course, it is not the phase that is broken, but the low-voltage signal.
Wireless calling options are more convenient to use. However, their transmitter button, as a rule, has an autonomous power supply, and must be located in the area of guaranteed reliable signal transmission to the device.
Some wireless models operate on a 220 V network and are plugged into a regular outlet; the button is equipped with batteries. In other options, the bell itself is also powered autonomously.
Many both wired and wireless models have evolved from simple calls to a much more complex security system, equipped with special functions and sound recording. These functions can be activated by pressing the call button.
There are also models that, along with the above functions, also include remote control devices for opening gates and/or entrance doors. Agree, it’s quite a convenient option, especially for private homes.
Installing a bell with video surveillance is a much more complex procedure. Usually, for such purposes, a specialist is invited, who will subsequently be involved in servicing the device.
The complexity of connecting the bell depends on the design chosen and whether it is installed in an apartment or a private house.
The easiest way is to install and connect a wireless bell option, especially one that operates directly from electrical power. The kit button is mounted on the wall or on the door frame outside, next to the front door. Depending on the base material, fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws or dowels suitable for this purpose.
To do this, determine the most convenient place for the button. Then it is applied to the surface, and marking points are placed through the holes intended for fastening. Using an electric drill (perforator), holes are drilled into which dowels are driven. After that, a button is applied and screwed into which the batteries are inserted. If the button is mounted on a wooden surface, then everything turns out even simpler - only self-tapping screws.
All that remains is to plug the main unit into the outlet, which should be located in the hallway, as close as possible to the bell button.
A wireless call will be the best option for installation in a private home. By installing it, you won’t have to lay wires across the entire yard. However, there are certain limitations:
The main difference between installing a wired bell in an apartment and installing it in a private house is the length of the cable connecting the button and the main unit.
If it is passed from the button to a wooden box, then it is recommended to cut a fine on the section of the wall between them, and after laying the wire, seal it with putty. The main bell unit can be fixed in any selected location in the apartment. Usually this is a wall in the hallway. Inside the apartment, the cable can also be hidden in a hole. Another, simpler option is to attach a plastic box for it on the wall, a cable channel specially designed for laying wiring. These channels are convenient because they have a removable part that allows you to monitor the condition of the wire.
If the bell is installed during the reconstruction of the local area, then the wires can be laid in and underground.
If you decide to connect the call yourself, then for the work you need to prepare some tools, devices and materials:
Which cable is optimal for wiring in a house or apartment?
This is an extremely important issue that directly affects the durability and reliability of the home electrical network and the degree of safety of living in the apartment. There should be no approaches from the standpoint of “cheaper” or “easier to install.” – read in a special publication on our portal.
Connecting a call to the network is carried out in the following order:
It is most convenient and much more accurate to carry out all the switching in the junction box. There should be enough space there, since the hallway usually does not have a large number of electrical appliances.
If there is no color marking (this is a common occurrence in old buildings), then you will have to use an indicator in advance. However, it doesn’t hurt to check in any case - it happens that mistakes were made when installing the wiring.
After assembling the bell body, you can turn on the power and carry out tests.
Some electricians prefer not to use terminals, but to perform twisting. This is also acceptable if special contact caps are used. But still, with terminals, installation seems more convenient, and you don’t have to worry about their reliability, since a large load from the bell is not expected.
If it is necessary to install two calls, they are connected in parallel to each other. Therefore, when you press the button, they should fire simultaneously. Installation of paired bells is most often practiced in a large private house with many rooms. Or, for example, with installation in the house itself and in one of the adjacent buildings, where the owners may most often be located. So, it could be a garage or a summer kitchen.
If the electrical installation work is carried out exactly according to the diagram, then upon completion of the installation and pressing the button, the bell will immediately work. If this does not happen, you need to turn off the power to the junction box again, and then test the circuit using a tester to find and fix the problem.
To prevent the call from becoming an irritant that spoils your mood, when purchasing it you should pay attention to some of its characteristics. Otherwise, its shortcomings can become unpleasant surprises.
The design of the button can also be matched to the design of the front door.
There are quite a lot of models with polyphonic melodies on sale, from which you can choose an option to suit every taste.
You should not purchase a bell with a typical, frequently encountered sound, otherwise you may have to run to the door every time guests come to one of your closest neighbors.
If you select a call with several melodies, you can change them from time to time.
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In conclusion, I would like to warn those home owners who are very far from electrical work and have little idea of even, say, what zero and phase are. You should not take risks and do the installation yourself, as such a “bold experiment” can lead to dire consequences. Therefore, it is best to invite a professional electrician to perform this work, who will quickly cope with this simple task for him.
Electric bell consists of an electromagnet, an armature with a striker and a cup (bell). When you press the button Z. e. direct current ( rice.
) the electromagnet power circuit is closed Uh, anchor I pulls himself up and hits the bell cup with his striker. When attracted, the armature opens the breaker contacts TO in the power supply circuit of the electromagnet and under the action of the spring P returns to its original position. The main disadvantage is the sparking of the contacts, which creates large radio interference. When powered from an alternating current network, 127-220 s.e. switched on via a transformer built into the bell body so that the voltage on the button does not exceed 12 V (according to safety requirements). Z.e. alternating current, operating on the principle of a polarized relay, have no contacts and use a change in the direction of the magnetic flux to move the striker. There are also Z. e. resonant polarized, used in election systems (for example, in telephone sets).
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
ELECTRICAL BELL- an audible signaling device operating under the influence of direct or alternating current. The DC bell is powered by a galvanic battery with a voltage of 3-6 V (you can use a flashlight battery, which lasts for several ... Concise Encyclopedia of Housekeeping
ELECTRICAL, electrical, electrical. 1. adj. to electricity. Electricity. Electric Energy. Electric charge. Electric discharge. || Exciting, producing electricity. Electric machine. Electrical station... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
electric- oh, oh. Electrique adj. 1. Rel. to electricity. Electric charge. Electric field. BAS 1. We are talking about the similarity between electrical and magnetic. 1758. Bitovt 242. The electric force, rushing from the ground into the sky, will begin to emerge. 1769. Anichkov 21. // Sl... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
CALL, call, husband. 1. A metal bell used for sound signals. Chairman's call. || A device for the same purpose. Electric bell. Door bell. A telephone ringing. 2. Sound signal produced by... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
CALL, nka, husband. 1. Device, device for sound signals. Door z. Electric z. Z. under the arc (bell or bell). 2. Sound, sound signal produced by a bell or special device. There was a sound. Classes start on... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
It consists of a horseshoe-shaped electromagnet A (Fig. 1), against the cores of which a strip of soft iron B is placed on a spring C and an armature. The spring supporting the anchor is screwed or soldered to the post D. A rod E with a ball on ...
electric bell- elektrinis skambutis statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: engl. electric bell vok. elektrische Klingel, f rus. electric bell, m pranc. sonnerie électrique, f … Fizikos terminų žodynas
call- Rice. 1. Diagram of the non-sparking bell device and how to connect it to the network. Rice. 1. Diagram of a non-sparking bell and methods for connecting it to the network: push-button switch SB1 is inserted into winding II of electromagnet 1; b push-button switch... ... Encyclopedia "Housing"
A lot of ingenuity and labor went into developing this simplest form of home telegraph. Among the ancients and in the Middle Ages, the door knocker was replaced by a hanging knocker, more or less elegant in shape. Those leaving the house knocked... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron
Nka; m. 1. Metal bell; a device for producing sound signals reminiscent of the sound of a bell. Door z. Z. alarm clock. Electric z. 2. Sound, sound signal produced by a bell or special device. Sharp,... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Doorbells are designed to notify homeowners about the arrival of guests or visitors. Arrival signaling is constantly changing as technology advances. The first bells had a simple mechanical design, which continued to be improved until electricity came into human use.
The very first home calls were based on the phenomenon of electromagnetism and, with some modifications, still exist today. The bell device includes an electromagnet, which, when current passes through it, attracts an armature (metal plate) with a hammer and a small metal weight attached to it. Deflecting, the hammer hits the metal cup, the bell, making a sound.
At the same time, the armature is connected to a group of contacts and, when deviated, opens them. Opening the contacts leads to the cessation of current through the electromagnet, and the armature, under the action of the spring, returns back, closing the contacts again. This process continues as long as the bell button is pressed, closing the electromagnet power circuit. The button is located outside the room so that the visitor can reach it with his hand.
The frequency at which the doorbell knocker strikes the cup depends on the weight of the weight, the stiffness of the return spring and the distance from the knocker to the cup. By adjusting these elements you can achieve not only the desired frequency, but to some extent the sound volume.
In some designs, two metal cups are installed so that the hammer hits one of them, being attracted to the electromagnet, and the other, returning to its place. A wired bell of such a simple design has been around for decades and is highly reliable.
Note! Old-style telephones with rotary dialers have completely similar rings. This has led to many hobbyists modifying telephone chimes to function as door alarms. The essence of the modification was to adapt the electromagnet to work with an alternating current network (the call voltage in the telephone line is 80-100V).
This doorbell design operates directly from a 220V AC network. On the one hand, this simplifies the design and connection, eliminating the need to install a power supply; on the other hand, there is a danger of electric shock, especially if the bell button is installed outside, on the front door or gate. It is for this reason that network calls have become predominantly widespread in apartments where moisture is unlikely to reach them.
Interesting. The simplicity of the design causes such a disadvantage as the impossibility of installing a different melody.
You can consider the types of doorbells from several points of view. The following can be distinguished:
Most modern calls produced are based on electronic circuits without the participation of mechanical elements. The use of specialized integrated circuits made it possible to introduce the ability to switch between melodies stored in the IC memory and adjust the volume. Conventional electromagnetic speakers or piezo emitters can be used as a sound-emitting element. The latter are preferred, since they have very high reliability and are unpretentious to operating conditions.
A wired doorbell is an improved version of a simple doorbell. It is characterized by high reliability, but depends on external power. Only some models are powered by batteries or rechargeable batteries. The main disadvantage is the need to lay wires from the button to the signaling device. In apartments this is not of decisive importance, since both components of the bell are simply located on both sides of the front door.
In private homes, the length of the connecting wires can reach a considerable length, since the button is usually installed on the doors of a private courtyard.
Wireless calls do not have this drawback, in which the alarm for pressing a button operates via a radio channel. How does wireless calling work? For this purpose, the external unit contains a miniature radio transmitter with a limited range, and the apartment part of the call contains a radio receiver tuned to the frequency of the transmitter. Since no information is transmitted during a call, the circuitry of the receiver and transmitter is very simple.
Since a wireless call has a low transmitter power, the range is several tens of meters. Usually this is quite sufficient, but difficulties may arise if there is an obstacle shielding the radio waves. Reinforced concrete walls of apartments and metal entrance doors can serve as such a barrier. It often happens that the button and the bell part, located on both sides of the wall, stop interacting with the slightest decrease in power, or even do not work at all. The only solution here is to install a push-button doorbell.
Based on the principle of power supply, the vast majority of call models are designed to operate from built-in power sources - batteries or accumulators. A distinctive feature of such devices is their complete independence from the presence of voltage in the supply network. The power consumption of battery-powered bells is negligible, so they do not often need to replace batteries. A wireless doorbell can operate for several years without changing batteries.
A negative feature of chemical current sources is their strong temperature dependence. When the ambient temperature drops to negative values, the capacity of the batteries drops to such values that the normal functioning of the device becomes impossible.
Devices that require external power supply contain a built-in power supply. In this case, in the event of a power failure, the call is inoperative. External power is used mainly by wired modifications, although such models are also found among wireless ones. The bell part of such devices has standard pins on the back of the case, designed for connection to an ordinary power outlet. In this case, the bell module still requires a battery, with all its advantages and disadvantages.
With the development of microelectronics, a completely new class of devices has appeared that, together with signaling the arrival of visitors, are capable of transmitting images from a miniature video camera. In terms of its consumer characteristics, this device is close to intercoms and in some cases can replace them.
Structurally, the video call also consists of a remote unit and an apartment module. Only in this case does it implement the ability to generate, transmit and receive video images.
Transmitting a picture, especially a moving one, requires the use of a large amount of data, so wired devices require a special cable. Wireless communication between blocks can be performed in several ways:
The transmission system using Wi-Fi is the most advanced, since using the network of mobile operators requires regular financial expenses, and the quality of communication is not always satisfactory. Using a radio channel can be difficult due to the great complexity of transceiver devices.
Any doorbell model is not difficult to install yourself - no adjustment is required, except for selecting the desired melody.
The easiest way is to install a wireless bell on your front door. Most often, such structures are attached with double tape, so all the work comes down to choosing the installation location. It may be necessary to remove the factory protection from the installed battery. New batteries and accumulators must be installed strictly observing polarity.
Important! Although the design of the button, according to manufacturers, is sealed, it is worth taking care that water does not get on the block. This applies not only to wireless calls, but to all others.
A wired bell requires provision for laying connecting wires between the push-button and bell parts. Usually there are no restrictions on the length of the wires, but you should not use very thin ones, as this may adversely affect their reliability. Before installing the wired structure, you should carefully read the installation instructions and the labels on the connection terminals on the bell.
When a wired bell is installed near the front door of an apartment, it is possible to install parts of the bell opposite each other on opposite sides of the wall. This option is the simplest, since the wires from the button pass through a hole in the wall directly to the signaling device. Additionally, wiring to the junction box or power outlet is required. During repair work, it is necessary to provide grooves for laying wires, otherwise you need to use a plastic cable channel. Before connecting wires to the network, it must be de-energized by turning off the automatic power switch on the power panel.
Important! If you are repairing or installing a doorbell on an older direct AC power system, care must be taken when routing and securing the wires. Insulation should not be violated anywhere. It is also important to ensure that the neutral and phase conductors of the installed bell are connected correctly.
The most practical design is wireless residential calls. Firstly, they have the simplest connection, and secondly, they do not require a separate power supply. The radio call is so easy to install and adjust that even a completely untrained person can handle it. Installing and configuring more complex designs, such as video calls, especially those running over GPRS or Wi-Fi, requires some experience and practice.
Back in 1820, in a country called Denmark, there lived a scientist named Hans-Christian Oerstend. He conducted experiments with electric current and noticed that the current flowing through a wire causes the magnetic needle on the device to deflect. This was the impetus for the invention of the electromagnet, which the world learned about from the monographs of another Danish inventor named William Sturgeon.
In 1825, Sturgeon wrapped a copper wire around an iron rod bent like a horseshoe. By running an electric current through the wire, the scientist became convinced that the horseshoe had acquired magnetic properties that were previously unusual for it. However, as soon as he turned off the current, the magnetic phenomena immediately disappeared. Sturgeon managed to lift a piece of iron weighing 9 pounds (4 kilograms) with such a simple electromagnet, which caused the delight of his contemporaries.
In 1827, the American Joseph Henry discovered that the more turns of conductor wound on an iron base, the stronger the magnetic field created by this “apparatus,” only the turns must be carefully insulated from each other. Henry found an extraordinary way out of this situation: he cut his wife's silk wedding dress into strips and wrapped turns of wire around them.
After three years of endless experiments and experiments, in 1831 Henry created an electromagnet that lifted a one and a half ton load into the air.
They soon realized that to insulate the wire it was enough to coat it with varnish. It became possible to easily lift and move heavy metal loads using an electromagnet. Very often, such electromagnetic washers are used in metallurgical industries: in finished product shops and on scrap metal loading devices.
Electromagnets have also found application in many other industries. In particular, the world owes the birth of the first electric bell, based on a small electromagnet, to Joseph Henry.
The principle on which an electric bell works is the operation of a metal hammer that strikes the bell cup quickly and frequently. To do this, the electric bell device is made in such a way that when a button is pressed, an electric current arises in the circuit, under the influence of which the electromagnet begins to pull the hammer on one side, and the spring on the other, the hammer begins to frequently hit the bell cup and we hear a ringing. To do this, electric current is supplied to the bell magnet through metal contacts, which open when the electromagnet pulls the hammer in its direction, thereby interrupting the flow of current to the bell magnet, and the result is a melodious chime.
So, thanks to the persistence and hard work of the American inventor, a miracle bell was born, which is installed near every front door around the world.
Almost every modern home has a doorbell. Thanks to a sound signal, it announces the arrival of guests. The main purpose of such a device is to produce a loud sound when you press a button on the outside of the door. The electric bell has a variety of melodies from which you can choose the right one. For proper operation, you need to connect it correctly.
To understand the design, you need to understand what elements it consists of. This:
The main element is an electric magnet, which gives a signal.
The operating principle is based on the proximity of the armature to the main magnet. The anchor consists of a hammer and a rigid plate. Next to it is a moving contact made of brass. If there is no electricity on the surface of the magnet, then the contact is pressed against a screw mechanism connected to one of the terminals. The second is combined with a magnet coil and an armature.
An electric bell requires electrical power to operate - a busbar that supplies current to the unit indoors. This type of bell is easy to install; the installation diagram includes one button and instant signal. Also, the device does not require constant maintenance; it can operate for up to 20 years without changing parts. Despite the weight of their advantages, electric wired models are losing popularity because there are already improved wireless calls.
The advantage of the wireless design is that there is no need to carry out work to connect the communications of the two parts. Installation does not require any special skills. One part of the device is placed in the corridor, the other - on the outside of the door.
The outdoor unit is fixed using self-adhesive double-sided tape; the unit supports several modes:
You can select a variety of melodies - bird singing, a bell, the crackling of crickets, the sound of water, etc. You can turn off the sound completely. Modern wireless models run on finger or little finger batteries.
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