The harm from this disease largely depends on the timing of its appearance, as well as on the cultivated variety and other factors. Plants of mid- and late-ripening species are severely affected. In addition to a decrease in yield, quality also suffers - the sugar content, aromaticity, juiciness and keeping quality of fruits deteriorate. The disease manifests itself in the period from germination to the formation of the 2-3rd true leaf, at the time of fruit filling and ripening.
The leaves of adult plants can also wither, but they do not lose their green color. Usually, the lashes of one plant wither at the same time. With fusarium wilt of melon, the leaves lighten, their blades become grayish-silver and spotted. Plants, depending on the location and degree of damage, die within a week after the appearance of external signs of the disease.
The causative agent of the disease is the Fusarium fungus. Plants are infected through the root system. The infection collects in the ground, so melons cannot be cultivated in the same field for several years in a row. Melons are also not planted after potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants.
Fusarium develops intensively at a temperature of about 25-30°. Its growth is inhibited at temperatures above 35° and stops at 5°. More favorable soil humidity for the growth of the fungus is 50-80%. It can grow and develop even on saline lands.
With excessive watering, flooding, or growing plants on heavy soils with close groundwater, the fruiting melon shoots wither in late July and early August.
They fight this disease in this way: return melons to their original place no earlier than after 6-7 years; remove and burn all remains of affected plants; carry out deep autumn plowing; Treat the seeds with a solution of 40% formaldehyde (for 5 minutes). It is recommended to sow on high ridges, where the root collars of the plants are above the soil wetting line. And one more thing: uniform, short-term watering without excessively moistening the soil, as well as loosening the irrigation furrow after each watering.
It is advisable to spray melon plants during the budding period - the beginning of the appearance of fruits - with a 50% superphosphate extract or a solution of potassium chloride.
One of the most common diseases of melons and melons. In Uzbekistan, signs of the disease usually appear before the plants flower, in particular if they are located in shaded areas. Five powdery plaques seem small at first - no more than 1 cm in diameter. Gradually, the spots merge, move to the upper side of the leaf blade, and with severe development of the disease, cover it completely. The leaves turn brown, become brittle, their edges curl up and dry out. The disease, in addition to the leaves themselves, also affects the petioles and lashes.
How to fight powdery mildew? It is mainly necessary to observe crop rotation, destroy post-harvest plant residues affected by the disease, spray the plants (at the first signs of the disease) with 80% wettable sulfur powder at the rate of 320-400 g of the drug per 100 m2 of plantation. Spraying is repeated after 10-12 days The last spraying is carried out 20 days before harvesting the fruits.
This is a disease characterized by the formation of round or oval yellowish-brown or pinkish spots on the leaves of the melon. The spots that appear on the leaves increase over time and, with severe development of the disease, cover almost the entire leaf blade. Ragged holes appear on infected leaves, the leaves turn yellow, curl and dry out, and the lashes become thin and break off. Affected fruits take on an ugly shape and rot very quickly.
They fight the disease by destroying plant residues, maintaining crop rotation, moderately moistening the soil, and loosening the seed furrow after each watering. Spraying plants with 1% Bordeaux mixture and dusting with ground sulfur (150 g per 100 m2) are also included in control measures. The plants are treated for the first time when signs of the disease begin to appear, after fruit set, but no later than 20 days before collection Timely treatments will greatly reduce the susceptibility of plants to anthracnose.
Among the pests that cause significant damage to the melon crop, we name the following.
This is a sucking insect of yellow, green or dark brown color. The melon aphid gives birth to live larvae, producing about 20 generations per season. The pest settles on the underside of the leaves and then spreads throughout the plant, sucking the juice from the leaves. Affected plants curl, turn yellow and dry out, and the flowers fall off over time. To reduce the number of these aphids, the melons need to be cleared of weeds in a timely manner.
Quite a dangerous polyphagous pest. In summer the mite is yellow or yellowish-green, in autumn it is reddish or orange-yellow. It settles on the underside of leaves, on young shoots, buds and ovaries, sucking out the juice, causing redness or yellowing of parts of the plant, and then leading to its death. Females overwinter under clods of soil, in the surface layer of the earth, under fallen leaves, on weeds and tops
Control measures: collection and destruction of plant residues, autumn plowing, maintaining crop rotation and weed control.
The page was found by the following queries:Melons grown at the dacha in open ground, affected by bacterial, viral and fungal diseases, can simply die. At best, diseases will greatly reduce the yield of this melon crop. Sources of infection are seeds, weeds, plant debris, and soil. To prevent crop loss from disease, we treat melons in a timely manner with appropriate preparations, comply with the requirements of agricultural technology and the rules of crop rotation.
No less harm to melon plantings in the country (here, as they are called) is caused by various pests that feed on the juices of these plants. They also affect fruit quality and yield. Some pests are also carriers of diseases, so their timely destruction is required.
Small whitish spots that appear with this disease of melons on the leaves and stems of the plant can eventually cover the entire leaf blade. Foliage that turns brown becomes brittle, curls and dries out.
How to fight, treatment
To the timely destruction of any crop residues and weeds near melons, we add correct crop rotation. When identifying signs of disease, it helps to treat plantings at the dacha (with an interval of 10 days) with 80% sulfur powder (400 g/100 sq. m.). The interval between treatments is 10 days. The final treatment is carried out 20 days before harvesting.
This fungal disease, which most affects middle and late varieties of melons, leads to a decrease in yield and a severe deterioration in the quality of the fruit. Fruits from affected specimens have low sugar content. They are not fragrant and juicy enough. Affected fruits are poorly stored. The disease on fruits appears after the appearance of 2-3 true leaves on the seedlings, as well as during the period of fruit ripening. The leaves and stems of affected adult plants quickly wither. In this case, the leaf blades become light and covered with gray spots. The infected plant dies in 7-10 days.
How to fight, prevention
Compliance with the rules of crop rotation, with timely removal of plant residues, weeds and destruction of infected plants. Moderate watering of plantings, deep digging of the soil in autumn. Before sowing, seeds are disinfected in a solution of 40% formaldehyde (5 min). We grow melon on high ridges. During budding, we spray the dacha plantings with a solution of potassium chloride.
With this disease (another crop familiar to us also suffers from it), the roundish brownish or pinkish spots that appear on the leaves of the melon gradually increase in size. Holes appear on the affected foliage, the leaves curl and dry out. On a diseased plant, the lashes become thin and brittle. Infected fruits become deformed and quickly rot.
How to fight and treat
We promptly remove crop residues from the beds and adhere to the rules of crop rotation. We carry out moderate watering, after which we loosen the soil. Spraying melon plantings with 1% Bordeaux mixture or pollination with sulfur powder. Such treatments (with an interval of 10-12 days) will require 3-4.
With this fungal disease, leaves are most often damaged at an early stage of development, with the appearance of yellow-green spots on them that grow greatly in size. With high humidity, a gray-violet coating forms on the underside of the leaf blade (fungus sporulation).
Disinfection, how to fight
Disinfection before sowing melon seeds by heating them in a thermos with water, the temperature of which is 45 degrees. Warming up is carried out for 2 hours. A 20-minute treatment of seeds in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate is indicated. We save country plantings affected by the disease with a solution of urea (1 g/1 l of water), 1% Bordeaux mixture (1 l/10 sq. m.). We treat plants at 10-day intervals with preparations such as Topaz or Oksikhom.
Weakened melon plants are most susceptible to this disease. On young specimens, browning of the stem and roots occurs. Over time they become thinner. It all ends with the withering of the cotyledons, leaves and the death of the plant. On mature melons, yellowing and wilting of leaves are observed. The lower part of the stems and roots becomes brown in color.
Prevention and disinfection
We comply with crop rotation requirements, remove weeds in a timely manner, regularly loosen the soil, and provide moderate watering. Before sowing seeds, disinfect them in 40% formaldehyde (5 minutes).
These very fast breeding sucking pests (which also annoy others) accumulate in groups at the bottom of the leaf and cause significant damage to the plant. Affected melon leaves turn yellow, curl and dry out. The flowers, not having time to open, fall off.
Fight her
We promptly clear the beds of plant debris and weeds. We spray dacha plantings with 10% karbofos, soap solution (100 g / 10 l of water), 30% Aktelik solution.
These small pests settle at the bottom of the leaf blade. Their presence is indicated by thin cobwebs on the foliage. These insects suck the juice from all parts of the plant. Melons affected by pests gradually turn yellow and die.
How to fight
We destroy all weeds, plant debris and carry out deep digging of the soil in the fall. We comply with crop rotation requirements.
Planting melons in the country may be attacked by real (larvae of click beetles) and false (larvae of darkling beetles) wireworms. They chew through the underground part of the stem, which often leads to the death of young plants.
Prevention
We promptly remove weeds and plant debris in which this pest likes to accumulate.
The caterpillars of these insects live in or on the soil. These pests damage the stem of the melon, sometimes leading to the death of the entire plant.
Preliminary prevention
We remove plant debris and weeds. In the fall, we dig the soil deeply. We follow the rules of crop rotation.
Having used all these simple but effective means of protection, we will enjoy not only fresh fruits (here, by the way, there are many recipes), but we will also cook such homemade preparations for the winter as, which goes so well on winter evenings.
Dangerous diseases of melons deprive the harvest and nullify all the work on planting and caring for them. Damage from pests of melons is no less. If the cause of the disease can be a viral, bacterial or fungal infection, then the list of pests is longer:
Prevention of melon diseases, timely control of them and insect pests help save the crop.
Any insects that settle on a melon cause damage to it. Symptoms of infection should not be discouraging. Having information about dangerous melon pests and effective ways to destroy them, you can save the crop.
For our harsh climate, the melon fly is exotic. It has recently adapted to our cool climate. Before this, the habitat region was warm countries (India, Egypt) and our Transcaucasia. The fruit along with the seeds in it suffers from fly larvae.
The melon fly is considered one of the most dangerous pests of this melon crop. In the southern regions, the damage from its invasion is enormous. The insect can destroy up to 50% of the entire crop. The insect lays eggs in the pulp of the fruit, gnawing holes in the skin and penetrating inside. Numerous larvae cause further damage.
A natural question arises: how can you fight the melon fly, what preventive measures save you from the pest? The first thing you need to know is what such a dangerous melon fly looks like. This will help to find out about the infection at the initial stage and prevent mass infection of melons.
It is not difficult to recognize a dangerous insect; the fly has wings with yellow transverse stripes, the body is small (5–7 mm), oblong, yellow in color. If you see a yellow insect and it has wings with four transverse stripes of black color, it means that this is an adult of a melon fly. Almost all members of the insect are yellow in color, only round spots of a dark color are visible on the back.
Females lay up to 120 eggs, oblong in shape, narrowed at one end, milky white, up to 1 mm long. The year of the melon insect coincides with the time of formation of the fruits of melon crops, and lasts from the first days of June until October. The female lays eggs under the melon skin of the fruit 7 days after mating.
The larvae penetrate the melon and feed on the juice of the fruit. When the time to pupate approaches, they leave the melon fruit and penetrate the soil. The insect remains in the pupal phase for 3 weeks in the summer and up to 1.5 months in the fall. In a year, one female will produce up to 3 generations of the pest.
A crop affected by the melon fly has external signs: holes in the peel and brown spots on its surface. Subsequently, melon fruits:
No obvious danger to humans from eating fruits affected by the melon fly has been identified, but their consumption is not recommended. The presence of infection in infected fruits cannot be ruled out. The most harmless disease after eating contaminated fruits is diarrhea.
Adult aphids are not as scary to melon as melon larvae are. The question of whether it is possible to eat fruits if there are aphids on the melon should not arise. The larvae do not live in the melon (fruit). They live on the inner surface of leaves, just like adults.
How to treat bushes if aphids appear on melons:
Aphids must be combated in the early stages, preventing their active reproduction.
Melons and vegetables suffer from spider mites. Small pests live on the inner parts of leaves. A large number of pests inhibit the development of plants. Due to the large loss of juice, they gradually dry out. Signs of spider mites include yellow foliage and white webs on the leaves.
The first infected plants can be removed to prevent the insect from spreading to healthy plants. Sick bushes can be treated with acaricides or preparations containing sulfur and phosphorus. The products are alternated to maintain the effect. Spray all parts of the plant, even in the most inaccessible places.
Ways to combat broomrape:
The cutworm is a butterfly whose caterpillars are an unpleasant gray color, live in the top layer of soil and cause significant damage to melon bushes. They gnaw out the pulp of the stems, which causes them to wither and gradually die, leading to the death of the plant.
Standard methods of dealing with the gnawing cutworm:
For the gnawing cutworm, use the drug Decis Profi; to spray the lashes, dilute 0.4 g of the product in 5 liters of water. No more than 2 treatments can be carried out per season (before flowering and after). The product is toxic to bees.
Bazudin is added to the soil during the planting period of melons. Use the recommended concentration - 15 g per hundred square meters. This dose is mixed with 0.5 liters of river sand to evenly distribute the product over the entire area of the ridge.
Melon is susceptible to various infections that affect the yield, marketability and taste of the fruit. The main sources of infection: poor-quality seeds, contaminated soil. Additional factors that provoke diseases are bad weather conditions and poor quality plant care.
A dangerous disease spread by fungal spores. Medium and late ripening melon varieties are at risk. On diseased plants, fruits with a low sugar content are formed, not juicy, and have lost their aroma and keeping quality.
Young plants in the phase of 2–3 true leaves and already fruit-bearing bushes are infected. Symptoms indicating that the plant is affected by Fusarium wilt:
Sick plants should be destroyed and the soil disinfected using any fungicide. Prevention helps reduce the risk of infection:
Experienced gardeners advise planting melons on high beds; this greatly reduces the risk of plant infection and pest damage.
Cold, damp weather is ideal for the spread of botrytis, a fungal disease of melons. Signs of the disease appear on young ovaries in the form of mold. Infected fruits become soft and watery.
It is noted that the disease is more intense if the air temperature outside is kept within 15 °C. With the arrival of warmth, it slows down and, with proper care, disappears. Caring for a sick melon:
Solution for treating melons infected with gray rot: urea 10 g, copper sulfate 2 g, zinc sulfate 1 g. Proportions are given for a water volume of 10 liters.
You can recognize the disease by its symptoms: whitish spots at the initial stage, brown spots at later stages. The fungus affects the entire above-ground part of the vegetable crop. To prevent disease and treat diseased plants, the following measures help:
Recipe for preparing the solution: water (10 l), drug (100 g). Treatment - spraying of leaves, must be carried out weekly. The last one - no later than 20 days before mass harvesting of fruits.
Young plants suffer from downy mildew. Yellow-green spots appear on tender leaves. Their size increases over time. High humidity leads to the formation of a gray coating on the bottom of the leaf blades.
To avoid illness:
Treatments with drugs carried out exactly according to the instructions will not harm plants or human health.
A viral disease that has no cure but can be prevented with simple preventive measures:
You can learn about the disease by mosaic spots on the surface of leaves, deformation of leaf blades, fallen flowers, death of large leaves, and ugly fruits with warts on the skin.
Difficult weather conditions and poor care weaken plants. With weak immunity, they develop root rot, in which the color of the stems and roots first changes (shaved), then they become thinner. At the last stage of the disease, dark spots appear inside the melon, and it loses its consumer qualities, becoming inedible.
They fight rot as standard:
Septoria is spread by fungal spores. The peak incidence occurs during the rainy season, when air humidity is high. The causative agent of the disease persists for a long time in the soil where unharvested plant residues and plant seeds remain.
In the initial stage, a diseased plant develops white spots, which gradually acquire a dark color.
The main control measures include deep autumn tillage of the soil to a depth of 30–35 cm, removal and destruction of diseased plants, preventive spraying of tops with Bordeaux mixture (1%), compliance with crop rotation.
Bacteriosis can affect a plant at any stage of development. The disease causes greater damage to leaves and stems. Brown spots of irregular shape appear on them. Small, oily, depressed spots appear on diseased fruits.
Factors contributing to the development of the disease:
The fungus attacks the root collar of the melon. The onset of the disease is pale spots on the neck with many dots (pycnidia), the progression of the disease is an increase in the area of the affected areas. The disease spreads to the fruits and stems, they darken and dry out.
The disease is provoked by low soil temperature and excess moisture. Prevention and control of the disease:
Brown or pink spots on the leaves are signs of melon anthracnose. First, the spots increase in size, covering the entire leaf blade; later, holes appear in their place, the leaves become deformed (curl) and eventually dry out.
The lashes are damaged: they become fragile and thin. The melon pulp is covered in brown spots and is rotting. Measures for the prevention and control of anthracnose:
There are no modern melon varieties that can resist the melon fly. Control methods: prevention;
The most important methods of control are insecticides. The melon fly is afraid of drugs:
Control methods boil down to spraying plants during the formation of ovaries. A one-time treatment will not give the desired result. Spraying is repeated at least 3 times. Their treatment is carried out using other drugs (insecticides) for melon diseases:
To prevent chemicals from causing the accumulation of harmful substances in fruits, plant treatments are stopped a month before the mass harvest.
In Transcaucasia they use an original method of combating the melon fly. When the ovaries reach the size of a chicken egg, they are buried in the soil to a depth of 14 cm. There they are not afraid of fly larvae. Damaged melons rot and are unsuitable for further use. If tunnels are found that have damaged the skin of the fruit, the melon is destroyed by burying it in the ground to a depth of 0.5 m or burning it.
Melon is an exotic guest on our table, very popular among all lovers of melons. The homeland of this false berry is in Central Asia. Some varieties grow in Africa and China. Nowadays, only varietal melons are cultivated all over the world; wild varieties are very rare.
The culture was brought to the Volga region back in the 15th century. Over time, melon cultivation began in other, more northern regions, and they even tried to grow melons in greenhouses in the Moscow region.
This sweet and juicy berry is harmed by both specific and omnivorous insects.
The main enemy of melon fields is Dacus cucurbitae or melon fly. Previously, it was common only in Egypt, India and Iran. Then she often met in Transcaucasia. Currently, the range of melon flies has expanded to the northern regions.
In the Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region, in some years, the pest damage to melons reached 50% or more.
Flies overwinter while in the larval stage at a depth of up to 15 centimeters. The first generation of flies begins to fly in early June.
Eggs are laid in the pulp of the fruit. Numerous larvae develop inside the melon, making passages in the pulp. The fruit begins to rot very quickly.
Infected fruits (false berries) can be detected by holes in the skin that have a brown color.There are no resistant varieties to this pest yet. In Transcaucasia, young melons the size of a chicken egg are buried in the ground, where flies are not able to penetrate. This growing technology allows you to save almost the entire harvest.
To destroy the larvae immediately after collecting ripe fruits, all unripe melons are plowed together with the soil.
For preventive purposes, melon fields are treated with a solution of “Rapier” (2 liters per hectare) or “Zenith” (250 milliliters). Spraying is carried out twice per season - during the appearance of the first true leaves and during loop formation. The same preparations are used to destroy multiplying pests.
Cutworms are omnivorous pests that feed on 120 plant species. They prefer agricultural and melon crops such as cotton, tomatoes, melons, corn, chickpeas, cabbage, beans and other plants.
The main damage is caused by larvae living in the upper layers of the soil. During the daytime, they hide from sunlight, preferring to come to the surface at night. The caterpillars are dirty gray in color and reach a length of 4 centimeters.
They feed on underground parts of plants, damaging stems and roots. If the damage is widespread, the plant dries out.
Several chemicals can be used to kill larvae and butterflies. For example, “Decis”, “Volaton”, “Sherpa”. It is necessary to loosen row spacing in the summer to reduce the number of pupae and larvae. Butterflies can be lured out with traps. To do this, a plastic bottle is filled with fermenting molasses or jam. The baits are hung a meter from the ground. As the moisture evaporates, water is added.
The appearance of spider mites on melons can be detected by the thin web entwined 
leaves. These pests are found in many regions of the middle zone.
Adult insects lead a hidden lifestyle. During the daytime, they hide on the back of the leaf under the web. At the same time, in such a small colony there are young larvae and older insects.
These sucking pests feed on plant sap. On the stems and foliage you can see spots - traces of insect bites. Infected leaves turn yellow, lose shape and fall off.
After the leaves fall off, the mites remain on the plant and continue to feed on shoots, flowers and ovaries. Soon the plant dies.For preventive purposes, the soil is treated with bleach before sowing seeds. When the first true leaves appear, melon sprouts are sprayed with BI-58. Small colonies can be destroyed.
Classmates
Melon pests make us very sad when we grow this fruit and within a month of its ripening, these nasty pests simply begin to destroy it. Therefore, you should always be on the lookout and purchase the necessary funds in advance. It is these necessary measures that will help us prevent spoilage of this rather tasty and incredibly amazing fruit of the gardener.
I was never interested in melon pests until, literally the day before yesterday, I came across them. I bought a melon, it looks very good and the smell is pleasant. But when I cut it, I was absolutely scared. There were some larvae in the pulp. I couldn't even tell who it was. I saw 3 larvae, and there were some black dots around. Naturally, everything immediately went into the trash. Only now, having looked at the photo, I realized that these were melon flies. Horror! But now, I personally don’t need melon at all!
Very useful article. I learned a lot of melon pests, and I love melons very much. I didn’t even know that there were so many pests for this berry. Melons grow in my dacha. Now I will weed and dig up the beds more often, pull out weeds, and there are always a lot of them growing, and also for prevention I will go through an infusion of onion peels or make a herbal decoction if I can’t find the infusion. Otherwise, I don’t want to have the missing melons in my garden.
Gardeners who grow melons usually pay attention to the size of the ovaries and their number. At the same time, many of them forget to monitor the condition of the plants. Because of this, they do not have time to protect watermelons in the greenhouse and in the open ground from various diseases and pests to which they are susceptible.
Many diseases of watermelons are provoked by the active activity of pests. A gardener who expects a good harvest must be able to distinguish between dangerous insects and know how to combat them.
In order to prevent ticks, it is necessary to regularly inspect plants. Any leaves found that are already infected should be burned. It’s also worth trying to spray your garden with onion-garlic infusion, which repels most harmful insects.
The faster measures are taken to destroy pests, the greater the chance that the plant can be saved. But you shouldn’t pin your hopes on this. 
There are different diseases of watermelon, each of which poses a great danger to the future harvest. Treatment of melons is usually very difficult and long. And it is extremely rare that the plant still manages to recover. So it is better for gardeners to take timely measures to prevent watermelon diseases than to try to save them later.
Summer residents should be wary of the following diseases that watermelons can become infected with: 
Most diseases of greenhouse watermelon and melons that grow in open ground are caused by the development of fungi. Because of them, the fruit becomes rotten and tasteless. The plant itself often dies.
If a summer resident carefully monitors the condition of his garden and notices unnatural changes in time, for example, a watermelon stain or wilt, then he will have a chance to save the desired harvest. Indifference to the health of culture will result in its imminent death.
It is difficult to understand why summer residents who grow watermelons neglect measures to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. After all, they help them protect the crop from destruction. If a gardener is determined to grow a large number of ripe and juicy watermelons, then he should remember several important rules for caring for this plant. 
Before planting watermelons, it is necessary to disinfect the soil, select seed material, process seedlings in a timely manner and immediately remove infected leaves, stems and fruits.
A caring gardener should not be lazy and carefully examine each plant every day for uncharacteristic changes. After all, this is the only way he can understand whether the crop from which he expects a rich harvest is healthy, or whether it has been infected by a fungus, virus or pest, which is why it is now a threat to the rest of the seedlings. 
