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» The name Agasi is accented. Tennis player Agassi Andre: biography, personal life, sports career. Phonetics: characteristics of stressed vowels

The name Agasi is accented. Tennis player Agassi Andre: biography, personal life, sports career. Phonetics: characteristics of stressed vowels

Reveal the secret of the name AGASI(in Latin transliteration AGASI) looking at the results of calculations in numerological magic of numbers. You will discover hidden talents and unknown desires. You may not understand them, but you feel that you don’t know something about yourself and your loved ones.

Meanings and origin of the name AGASI

The first letter A of the name AGASI tells about the character

A combination of tenderness and... aggressiveness. People whose name begins with this letter are leaders in love. But they must constantly be fed by stimuli and impressions; routine in relationships is not for them, otherwise “leaving on the other side” is possible. The same can happen under the influence of their inherent egoism, so they need to cultivate tolerance and attention to their partner.

Characteristics of the name AGASI

  • power
  • comfort
  • attention to detail
  • good faith
  • mystery
  • impressionability
  • peacefulness
  • subtle spirituality
  • imperiousness
  • common sense
  • moodiness
  • oppression

AGASI: number of interaction with the world “8”

People under the influence of the number eight are characterized by a restless and purposeful character. They are rarely satisfied with what they have and strive to expand the boundaries of their capabilities as much as possible. The potential of "eight-athletes" is very great, but their demands cannot be called small, so they rarely experience a feeling of satisfaction from the work done or the joy of victory. Eight people know how to make plans and implement them, but they have to put up with the fact that everything turns out a little (or even completely) differently than planned.

Eight players are afraid of little. Responsibility for others and leading large teams is natural for them, as are drastic changes in life. As a rule, they get along well with others, but try to avoid too much intimacy and prefer to play the role of leader in relationships. Highly valuing intelligence, moral qualities and a sense of humor, they cannot tolerate flattery and lies, and are also very sensitive to manifestations of impoliteness and tactlessness.

The marital relationships of the “Eighters” develop peacefully, although there is not always passion or even deep affection in them. However, people of number 8 almost always strive for stable relationships and marriage - they feel uncomfortable without a permanent life partner. Their innate tact helps them avoid quarrels in the family, and their ability to both act independently and distribute responsibilities helps them cope with everyday problems.

Eights love to receive guests and do not miss the opportunity to show off their home, which is usually large and cozy. Own housing is a “fad” for many people of eight; They usually don’t feel too comfortable in rented apartments or their parents’ house. At the same time, they cannot be called money-grubbers, interested only in material goods; Many octuplets generously share everything they earn, take an active part in the activities of charitable organizations and help close and distant relatives with money. But the main thing that Eight people give to others is their love and sincere interest.

Eights care so much about others that sometimes they lack the strength and energy to organize their own lives. Another common problem is the pursuit of unattainable goals and the inability to remain calm and common sense when obstacles appear along the way.

AGASI: number of spiritual aspirations “3”

The Troika has an ambiguous influence on its clients: they can be friendly and arrogant, compliant and uncompromising, sociable and closed. They like to be visible, they love comfort, but they certainly cannot be called stable, so their behavior always remains extremely unpredictable.

Those born under the sign of three equally listen to the voice of the heart and mind, and in adulthood they carry with them a baggage of invaluable experience and worldly wisdom. Accustomed to being guided in everything by the arguments of reason, C students are completely incapable of empathy, but among their acquaintances there are many vulnerable, impressionable and even unbalanced people.

Those under the influence of three can achieve success in any profession, but still prefer areas that can give stability. They have a great understanding of people, can draw a psychological portrait of everyone and easily find a way out of even the most difficult situations. C students feel very comfortable in secular society, know how to carry on a conversation, and have not only oratory skills, but also the ability to listen to others. They love friendly gatherings, and if they take on the task of organizing a holiday, they do it better than any professional.

In the sphere of personal relationships, strange as it may seem, people of three regularly face problems. They seem callous and indifferent, are not inclined to demonstrate positive traits of their character and are rarely themselves. Such a person may well be known as a cunning liar and a hypocrite, since his desire to embellish the truth sometimes knows no bounds. He is not used to sharing his thoughts and desires with his other half, but at the same time he lives in a castle in the air that he built with his own hands.

Those born under the influence of three always find their place in the sun. He likes to tell people about his successes, often greatly exaggerating the reality. Many consider this man to be an ordinary braggart, but at the same time they do not judge him too harshly, because he is not without charm. In addition, a C student is happy to give gifts, is attentive to those in need, and often participates in charity.

AGASI: number of true features “5”

If a person is influenced by A, then they remain adult children for a long time. Even at an advanced age, such people behave like rebellious teenagers. Such a person is ready to risk everything for a mere trifle. Thinking through and planning the consequences of their decisions is not for them. Sometimes the protest of such persons is directed against generally accepted rules and looks rather ridiculous.

In general, we can say that this is a kind of entertainment. Inventing enemies for yourself and fighting them is the main fun for an “excellent” person. A stable, calm life causes him melancholy, dissatisfaction and a desire for change.

It is interesting that even if there is temporarily no struggle in the life of such a person, he himself is drawn to dramas and tragedies. It is not only interesting to him, but also feeds his vitality. Suffering and dark stories make him curious. And this can lead to stupid actions and fatal mistakes. But an “excellent” person is simply unable to overcome this attraction. He wants to know this world thoroughly and from all sides.

Often the culprit is too vivid imagination and self-confidence. With such a set of traits, they rarely become good spouses or reliable business partners. After all, they don’t care about the future at all. They will never raise funds for significant purchases - they would rather take out a loan. They are also not able to plan their lives - the trip can be disrupted at any moment.

At the same time, they believe that fate favors them and if suddenly a serious trouble occurs, they will be able to mobilize all their talents and everything will be resolved in the best way. Even if they have already made mistakes, this does not teach them anything. They rarely draw conclusions from the situation. This is the skill they lack most.

What cannot be taken away from people under the sign of A is their erudition and outlook. They can talk about everything in the world, and it’s exciting and emotional. They will always be listened to with pleasure. If such a person has a hobby, he will try to benefit from it. In general, we can say that these people are always at the forefront.

Where the more cautious would never go, the “excellent” students will follow with joy. And for such adventures you always need to be in good physical shape, so they love sports, watch their diet and often remain slim and fit into old age.

Illness and monotonous life drive such people into depression, from which it is not easy for them to get out.

The desire to look fashionable and stylish is one of your main life priorities. Your clothes are always unconventional and correspond to the “latest trends.” However, one should not completely ignore the well-known truth that says: “It is better to be half a step behind fashion than one step ahead.” Clothing should first of all correspond to the moment and emphasize your advantages, and not create them. Again, they are guided by the mind, and a flashy appearance does not in any way indicate its presence.

Compatibility of the name Agasi, manifestation in love

Agasi, your characteristic qualities are charm, romanticism and the ability to express your feelings in forms that can’t help but cause a response. The state of being in love gives you a feeling of fullness of life, continuous euphoria. Your gift for finding beauty in every prospective partner is amazing and delightful. However, as soon as the relationship loses the charm of novelty, becomes ordinary and obligatory, your interest in us quickly fades away. But although you often tolerate the breakup easily, the memories of it remain quite painful for you for a long time, since you like to go through and analyze the smallest details and circumstances, comparing the past with the present.

Motivation

You are gifted with a bright personality, and all your spiritual aspirations are aimed at realizing your existing abilities in one way or another. This desire often determines your choice.

But there are many abilities, and they are very diverse. Accordingly, there may be several ways to implement them. Therefore, quite often you find yourself having to give up one opportunity in favor of another.

It’s good if you have the prudence to focus on a specific goal and direct all your efforts towards achieving it. It’s bad if you are trying to “chase two birds with one stone”, not wanting to sacrifice even small chances of success. In this case, you risk wasting all your spiritual potential, “spraying” it, letting it go to waste. And - to be left with nothing.

You should trust your heart more. He doesn’t care about external shine, all the tinsel that usually decorates the life of artistic people. Therefore, it is precisely this that will tell you the only right decision at the right moment. Try to “hear” him.



Andre Agassi is the best tennis player in the world, a legendary champion. This is not a glowing review, but the honest truth. No one wields a racket better than this athlete.

Andre's main achievements include the Golden Helmet. Agassi is the first tennis player to achieve an absolute victory on all courts in a competitive game. It's no secret that the tennis player is also an Olympic champion.

Along with these undeniable talents, the brilliant athlete is also a charismatic, cheerful, charming person. There were many ups and downs in his life, he had quite serious problems on the personal front, but managed to find strength in himself, for which he was rewarded with the love of an equally talented athlete. But first things first. Let's not reveal all the secrets at once.

Childhood

Little Andre appeared in the USA, but he did not look like a traditional American; the baby’s appearance was specific. Although this is not surprising, his family had Armenian-Iranian roots. Disputes still persist about who the athlete is by nationality. Either he is Armenian or Azerbaijani. Tennis player Agassi Andre himself categorically refuses to comment on his nationality.

Andre owes his career to his father; he should thank him for his love for this sport, because his adored dad began training his son from childhood, having seen in him all the makings of a champion.

Father Agassi himself also passionately loves sports; at one time he was a professional boxer, but somehow he saw an ordinary tennis ball and became interested in this game, although he no longer dreamed of becoming a champion, citing his advanced age. That is why the caring father decided to realize his dream in his son.

The training took place every day, for several hours. In his childhood, Andre had already beaten his less successful peers, however, in an important match he still lost to Pete Sampras.

Important point

It was this moment that became a turning point in the fate of the future champion. The father suddenly realized that he could not give his son everything that a professional could give, and that with him he would not become the best.

Andre was sent to a special school to take tennis lessons from a master of his craft. The educational institution was named after Nick Bollettieri. It was here that Agassi was instilled with his own unique playing style, thanks to which he became a leader among other students. There was only one thing that confused everyone - the boy’s bad character, which manifested itself when communicating with his peers, and in the future created serious difficulties for him.

Carier start

Andre reached the highest level at the age of 16. It must be said that initially there were mistakes and failures, but the daring and purposeful guy immediately attracted attention. The fans watched his virtuoso play and could not take their eyes off. This is no coincidence, because Agassi’s appearance was very unusual. The dark-skinned handsome man preferred only bright outfits, and he also had long hair. In general, a real macho heartthrob.

Mood

Many note that the great athlete’s mood changed very often, and his game depended on it. On bad days, he could play extremely disgustingly and lose to a weak opponent. On the contrary, in an excellent mood, he could beat a seasoned professional.

But there was a problem, it was called instability and was Andre’s main drawback. It is for this reason that the tennis player did not earn a single bright victory for four years in a row, although he managed to attract the attention of sponsors.

Andre Agassi: sports career, success as a tennis player

But in 1990, luck came to Agassi. A series of successful performances began. The champion participated in the final Grandslam , even though he lost. Afterwards there were two more outstanding performances in US Open.

In 1992, victory came into the hands of Andre. He wins the championship at the Grand Slam tournament. This high title was awarded to a guy who appeared at the championship for only the second time.

Even at competitions, the athlete managed to show his rebellious nature. According to the terms of the Wimbledon tournament, all participants are required to wear a white uniform. This is a strict rule. The tennis player preferred only a bright uniform and did not want to limit himself in this right.

The first victory was won in 1994. This happened at the tournament US Open . This was incredibly important for Andre because he was taking a short break from his career.

Next came success. In 1996 he won the title Australia Open , and then won the title of Olympic champion. It was a triumph and a well-deserved reward.

After 1999, Agassi's career declined slightly. Unfortunately, he failed to conquer anything. But again a breakthrough, and again a victory at Roland Garros. The champion won the tournament four times.

Difficult period

Let us tell our readers what caused such a long downtime in my career from 1996 to 1999. In 1997, a young and handsome guy met the magnificent Brooke Shields. It was during the period of this relationship with the Hollywood actress that the tennis player did not win a single victory, it got to the point that he was even outside the hundred players.

He was unable to find a common language with his wife; as he later said, the actress was unable to understand his attachment to sports.

But for the duration of the relationship, Brooke managed to snatch Agassi Andre from the clutches of tennis. During this time, he lost his former physical shape. There was also a risk of disqualification because the player was tested positive for methamphetamine during a doping test. Agassi escaped punishment. Then the anti-doping committee made concessions to him and believed his explanations.

Soon the marriage to Book Shields broke up. The champion began to work on himself, trained hard, and again achieved impeccable physical shape.

Personal life

As is already clear, Agassi Andre had the role of a passionate man who loved women. During his marriage, he was constantly jealous of his first wife. After the divorce, he again became a top player.

After a while, Agassi met and began dating Steffi Graf. Soon the guys got married. Here Andre's father played his role; he advised his son to choose a famous tennis player.

In 2001, the wedding ceremony of Andre Agassi and Steffi Graf took place. She was modest and secret.

Andre Agassi, for whom children were very desirable, became a dad twice. Jaden was born in 2001, and Jazz was born in 2003.

Reasons for loving Steffi Graf

An interesting fact is that at one time Agassi identified many reasons for his passion and unconditional love for his wife Steffi Graf. Let's share the information with our readers. What kind words did Andre Agassi’s wife deserve?

  1. Good. The married couple practically does not quarrel, and this is all thanks to the gentle nature of the wife.
  2. Passionate. Frankly with reporters, tennis player Andre Agassi said that his wife is much more sensual than model Brooke.
  3. Generous. A fairly characteristic feature for the Germans is thriftiness, but it is not inherent to them. Steffi loves to give her husband expensive gifts.
  4. Loves children. The Count always dreamed of having children, and was very happy about the birth of her babies.
  5. Selfless. Andre's wife is the only one of all his passions who has shown absolutely no interest in his capital.
  6. Loves life. She knows how to enjoy every day.
  7. An excellent tennis player. Steffi fully shares her husband’s passion for sports; she is a champion herself, so the married couple often spends their leisure time on the tennis court.

Activities after the end of a tennis career

Andre Agassi's brilliant sports career ended with the highest title US Open . A year later, he was injured and was no longer able to achieve high results.

The impressionable athlete burst into tears, and the audience saw off the champion with a standing ovation and deafening applause.

Now Agassi Andre has a business, he is quite successfully engaged in sponsorship. Also, the tennis player at one time opened a tennis academy, so he was never able to completely leave the sport. Let us note that Andre is also involved in charity work, he helps poor talented children from low-income families.

Curious facts about the tennis player

Let's highlight the brightest moments and achievements in the biography of a famous person and a brilliant athlete.

  • Throughout his time playing tennis, he won sixty tournaments. Of these, eight are in the Grand Slam tournament, and seventeen are in the Masters.
  • As for the awards. The champion has two cups for a single game, as well as five for doubles battles.
  • The school opened by the athlete gladly accepts children from disadvantaged families.
  • The champion's wife is no less known to the whole world than he is. She bore her husband two beautiful children.
  • The tennis player's first official wife was actress Brooke Shields. The marriage with her broke up due to strong jealousy and a number of omissions related to the professional career of an athlete.
  • During his time in his sports career, Andre earned a tidy sum. It amounted to thirty-one million dollars.
  • The champion's name is on the Walk of Fame.
  • The athlete was the face of the popular fast food chain McDonald's.
  • In 2009, a book dedicated to the biography of the champion was published. It talks about all his ups and downs, as well as life after sports.

Now you know the biography of Andre Agassi. He managed to reach unprecedented heights, despite numerous difficulties. After all, the first victory begins over oneself. The name of the talented champion is forever inscribed in the history of tennis.

What does the name Agasi mean? For a long time, people have been interested in the meaning of this name. What happens if you name a child after Agasi? After all, each of us is given a name at birth that accompanies us throughout our lives. Even after death, it is customary to indicate information about the person on the memorial. And what is constantly with us cannot but affect our character and behavior. So let's go back to the secret of the name Agasi.
Scientists, philosophers, astrologers - they all struggled for centuries, trying to decipher male and female names. Nowadays, many books have been published with the meanings and secrets of the name Agasi, and the list is constantly updated, as new proper names appear over the years, and old ones go away and are forgotten. By the way, in ancient times, babies were given names that were even scary to pronounce. This was done specifically to ward off evil spirits. Later in Rus', children were called by two names, one was pronounced only in church and was hidden from everyone. It was believed that Agasi is the name of a guardian angel who will protect a person all his life. Today there is a special fashion for names. Many mothers and fathers carefully choose the name of their future baby, turning to Old Slavonic lists. Some people first study the meaning of the name, and only then choose the appropriate one. And there are fewer and fewer people who come up with names themselves. Here everything is limited to the flight of your imagination. But then the character of the owner of a unique name will be determined by phonetics - sound combinations and syllables. IN meaning of the name Agasi there are many ancient roots and sources that today are irretrievably lost...

Before moving on to phonetic analysis with examples, we draw your attention to the fact that letters and sounds in words are not always the same thing.

Letters- these are letters, graphic symbols, with the help of which the content of a text is conveyed or a conversation is outlined. Letters are used to visually convey meaning; we perceive them with our eyes. The letters can be read. When you read letters out loud, you form sounds - syllables - words.

A list of all letters is just an alphabet

Almost every schoolchild knows how many letters are in the Russian alphabet. That's right, there are 33 of them in total. The Russian alphabet is called the Cyrillic alphabet. The letters of the alphabet are arranged in a certain sequence:

Russian alphabet:

In total, the Russian alphabet uses:

  • 21 letters for consonants;
  • 10 letters - vowels;
  • and two: ь (soft sign) and ъ (hard sign), which indicate properties, but do not themselves define any sound units.

You often pronounce sounds in phrases differently from how you write them in writing. In addition, a word may use more letters than sounds. For example, “children’s” - the letters “T” and “S” merge into one phoneme [ts]. And vice versa, the number of sounds in the word “blacken” is greater, since the letter “Yu” in this case is pronounced as [yu].

What is phonetic analysis?

We perceive spoken speech by ear. By phonetic analysis of a word we mean the characteristics of the sound composition. In the school curriculum, such analysis is more often called “sound-letter” analysis. So, with phonetic analysis, you simply describe the properties of sounds, their characteristics depending on the environment and the syllabic structure of a phrase united by a common word stress.

Phonetic transcription

For sound-letter parsing, a special transcription in square brackets is used. For example, it is correctly written:

  • black -> [h"orny"]
  • apple -> [yablaka]
  • anchor -> [yakar"]
  • Christmas tree -> [yolka]
  • sun -> [sontse]

The phonetic parsing scheme uses special symbols. Thanks to this, it is possible to correctly designate and distinguish the letter notation (spelling) and the sound definition of letters (phonemes).

  • The phonetically parsed word is enclosed in square brackets – ;
  • a soft consonant is indicated by a transcription sign [’] - an apostrophe;
  • percussive [´] - accent;
  • in complex word forms from several roots, the secondary stress sign [`] - gravis is used (not practiced in the school curriculum);
  • the letters of the alphabet Yu, Ya, E, Ё, ь and Ъ are NEVER used in transcription (in the curriculum);
  • for doubled consonants, [:] is used - a sign of the longitude of the sound.

Below are detailed rules for orthoepic, alphabetic, phonetic and word analysis with online examples, in accordance with general school standards of the modern Russian language. Professional linguists' transcriptions of phonetic characteristics differ in accents and other symbols with additional acoustic features of vowel and consonant phonemes.

How to make a phonetic analysis of a word?

The following diagram will help you carry out letter analysis:

  • Write down the necessary word and say it out loud several times.
  • Count how many vowels and consonants there are in it.
  • Indicate the stressed syllable. (Stress, using intensity (energy), distinguishes a certain phoneme in speech from a number of homogeneous sound units.)
  • Divide the phonetic word into syllables and indicate their total number. Remember that syllable division in is different from the rules of transfer. The total number of syllables always matches the number of vowels.
  • In the transcription, sort the word by sounds.
  • Write the letters from the phrase in a column.
  • Opposite each letter in square brackets, indicate its sound definition (how it is heard). Remember that sounds in words are not always identical to letters. The letters "ь" and "ъ" do not represent any sounds. The letters “e”, “e”, “yu”, “ya”, “i” can represent 2 sounds at once.
  • Analyze each phoneme separately and indicate its properties separated by commas:
    • for a vowel we indicate in the characteristic: vowel sound; stressed or unstressed;
    • in the characteristics of consonants we indicate: consonant sound; hard or soft, voiced or deaf, sonorant, paired/unpaired in hardness-softness and sonority-dullness.
  • At the end of the phonetic analysis of the word, draw a line and count the total number of letters and sounds.

This scheme is practiced in the school curriculum.

An example of phonetic analysis of a word

Here is a sample phonetic analysis of the composition for the word “phenomenon” → [yivl’e′n’ie]. In this example there are 4 vowels and 3 consonants. There are only 4 syllables: I-vle′-n-e. The emphasis falls on the second.

Sound characteristics of letters:

i [th] - acc., unpaired soft, unpaired voiced, sonorant [i] - vowel, unstressedv [v] - acc., paired hard, paired sound l [l'] - acc., paired soft., unpaired . sound, sonorant [e′] - vowel, stressed [n’] - consonant, paired soft, unpaired sound, sonorant and [i] - vowel, unstressed [th] - consonant, unpaired. soft, unpaired sound, sonorant [e] - vowel, unstressed________________________In total, the word phenomenon has 7 letters, 9 sounds. The first letter “I” and the last “E” each represent two sounds.

Now you know how to do sound-letter analysis yourself. The following is a classification of sound units of the Russian language, their relationships and transcription rules for sound-letter parsing.

Phonetics and sounds in Russian

What sounds are there?

All sound units are divided into vowels and consonants. Vowel sounds, in turn, can be stressed or unstressed. The consonant sound in Russian words can be: hard - soft, voiced - deaf, hissing, sonorous.

How many sounds are there in Russian living speech?

The correct answer is 42.

Doing phonetic analysis online, you will find that 36 consonant sounds and 6 vowels are involved in word formation. Many people have a reasonable question: why is there such a strange inconsistency? Why does the total number of sounds and letters differ for both vowels and consonants?

All this is easily explained. A number of letters, when participating in word formation, can denote 2 sounds at once. For example, softness-hardness pairs:

  • [b] - cheerful and [b’] - squirrel;
  • or [d]-[d’]: home - to do.

And some do not have a pair, for example [h’] will always be soft. If you doubt it, try to say it firmly and make sure it is impossible: stream, pack, spoon, black, Chegevara, boy, little rabbit, bird cherry, bees. Thanks to this practical solution, our alphabet has not reached dimensionless proportions, and the sound units are optimally complemented, merging with each other.

Vowel sounds in Russian words

Vowel sounds Unlike consonants, they are melodic; they flow freely, as if in a chant, from the larynx, without barriers or tension of the ligaments. The louder you try to pronounce the vowel, the wider you will have to open your mouth. And vice versa, the louder you try to pronounce a consonant, the more energetically you will close your mouth. This is the most striking articulatory difference between these phoneme classes.

The stress in any word form can only fall on the vowel sound, but there are also unstressed vowels.

How many vowel sounds are there in Russian phonetics?

Russian speech uses fewer vowel phonemes than letters. There are only six shock sounds: [a], [i], [o], [e], [u], [s]. And let us remind you that there are ten letters: a, e, e, i, o, u, y, e, i, yu. The vowels E, E, Yu, I are not “pure” sounds in transcription are not used. Often, when parsing words by letter, the emphasis falls on the listed letters.

Phonetics: characteristics of stressed vowels

The main phonemic feature of Russian speech is the clear pronunciation of vowel phonemes in stressed syllables. Stressed syllables in Russian phonetics are distinguished by the force of exhalation, increased duration of sound and are pronounced undistorted. Since they are pronounced clearly and expressively, sound analysis of syllables with stressed vowel phonemes is much easier to carry out. The position in which the sound does not undergo changes and retains its basic form is called strong position. This position can only be occupied by a stressed sound and a syllable. Unstressed phonemes and syllables remain in a weak position.

  • The vowel in a stressed syllable is always in a strong position, that is, it is pronounced more clearly, with the greatest strength and duration.
  • A vowel in an unstressed position is in a weak position, that is, it is pronounced with less force and not so clearly.

In the Russian language, only one phoneme “U” retains unchangeable phonetic properties: kuruza, tablet, u chus, u lov - in all positions it is pronounced clearly as [u]. This means that the vowel “U” is not subject to qualitative reduction. Attention: in writing, the phoneme [y] can also be indicated by another letter “U”: muesli [m’u ´sl’i], key [kl’u ´ch’], etc.

Analysis of the sounds of stressed vowels

The vowel phoneme [o] occurs only in a strong position (under stress). In such cases, “O” is not subject to reduction: cat [ko´ t'ik], bell [kalako´ l'ch'yk], milk [malako´], eight [vo´ s'im'], search [paisko´ vaya], dialect [go´ var], autumn [o´ s'in'].

An exception to the rule of a strong position for “O”, when the unstressed [o] is also pronounced clearly, are only some foreign words: cocoa [kaka "o], patio [pa"tio], radio [ra"dio], boa [bo a "] and a number of service units, for example, the conjunction but.

The sound [o] in writing can be reflected by another letter “ё” - [o]: thorn [t’o´ rn], fire [kas’t’o´ r]. It will also not be difficult to analyze the sounds of the remaining four vowels in the stressed position.

It is possible to make a correct sound analysis and accurately determine the characteristics of a vowel only after placing stress in the word. Do not forget also about the existence of homonymy in our language: zamok - zamok and about the change in phonetic qualities depending on the context (case, number):

  • I'm home [ya do "ma].
  • New houses [no "vye da ma"].

IN unstressed position the vowel is modified, that is, pronounced differently than written:

  • mountains - mountain = [go "ry] - [ga ra"];
  • he - online = [o "n] - [a nla"yn]
  • witness line = [sv’id’e “t’i l’n’itsa].

Such changes in vowels in unstressed syllables are called reduction. Quantitative, when the duration of the sound changes. And high-quality reduction, when the characteristics of the original sound change.

The same unstressed vowel letter can change its phonetic characteristics depending on its position:

  • primarily relative to the stressed syllable;
  • at the absolute beginning or end of a word;
  • in open syllables (consisting of only one vowel);
  • on the influence of neighboring signs (ь, ъ) and consonant.

Yes, it varies 1st degree of reduction. It is subject to:

  • vowels in the first pre-stressed syllable;
  • naked syllable at the very beginning;
  • repeated vowels.

Note: To make a sound-letter analysis, the first pre-stressed syllable is determined not from the “head” of the phonetic word, but in relation to the stressed syllable: the first to the left of it. In principle, it can be the only pre-shock: not-here [n’iz’d’e’shn’ii].

(uncovered syllable)+(2-3 pre-stressed syllable)+ 1st pre-stressed syllable ← Stressed syllable → over-stressed syllable (+2/3 over-stressed syllable)

  • vper-re -di [fp’ir’i d’i´];
  • e -ste-ste-st-no [yi s’t’e´s’t’v’in:a];

Any other pre-stressed syllables and all post-stressed syllables during sound analysis are classified as reduction of the 2nd degree. It is also called a “weak position of the second degree.”

  • kiss [pa-tsy-la-va´t’];
  • model [ma-dy-l’i´-ra-vat’];
  • swallow [la´-sta -ch’ka];
  • kerosene [k'i-ra-s'i´-na-vy].

The reduction of vowels in a weak position also differs in stages: second, third (after hard and soft consonants - this is outside the curriculum): learn [uch'i´ts:a], become numb [atsyp'in'e´t '], hope [nad'e´zhda]. During letter analysis, the reduction of the vowel in the weak position in the final open syllable (= at the absolute end of the word) will appear very slightly:

  • cup;
  • goddess;
  • with songs;
  • turn.

Sound-letter analysis: iotized sounds

Phonetically, the letters E - [ye], Yo - [yo], Yu - [yu], Ya - [ya] often mean two sounds at once. Have you noticed that in all the indicated cases the additional phoneme is “Y”? That is why these vowels are called iotized. The meaning of the letters E, E, Yu, I is determined by their positional position.

When analyzed phonetically, the vowels e, e, yu, i form 2 sounds:

Yo - [yo], Yu - [yu], E - [ye], I - [ya] in cases where there are:

  • At the beginning of the words “Yo” and “Yu” are always:
    • - shudder [yo´ zhyts:a], Christmas tree [yo´ lach’nyy], hedgehog [yo´ zhyk], container [yo´ mcast’];
    • - jeweler [yuv ’il’i´r], top [yu la´], skirt [yu´ pka], Jupiter [yu p’i´t’ir], nimbleness [yu ´rkas’t’];
  • at the beginning of the words “E” and “I” only under stress*:
    • - spruce [ye´ l’], travel [ye´ w:u], huntsman [ye´ g’ir’], eunuch [ye´ vnukh];
    • - yacht [ya´ hta], anchor [ya´ kar’], yaki [ya´ ki], apple [ya´ blaka];
    • (*to perform sound-letter analysis of the unstressed vowels “E” and “I”, a different phonetic transcription is used, see below);
  • in the position immediately after the vowel “Yo” and “Yu” always. But “E” and “I” are in stressed and unstressed syllables, except in cases where these letters are located after a vowel in the 1st pre-stressed syllable or in the 1st, 2nd unstressed syllable in the middle of words. Phonetic analysis online and examples in specified cases:
    • - receiver [pr’iyo´mn’ik], sings t [payo´t], klyyo t [kl’uyo ´t];
    • -ayu rveda [ayu r’v’e´da], I sing t [payu ´t], melt [ta´yu t], cabin [kayu ´ta],
  • after the dividing solid “Ъ” the sign “Ё” and “Yu” - always, and “E” and “I” only under stress or at the absolute end of the word: - volume [ab yo´m], shooting [syo´mka], adjutant [adyu "ta´nt]
  • after the dividing soft “b” the sign “Ё” and “Yu” is always, and “E” and “I” are under stress or at the absolute end of the word: - interview [intyrv'yu´], trees [d'ir'e´ v'ya], friends [druz'ya´], brothers [bra´t'ya], monkey [ab'iz'ya´ na], blizzard [v'yu´ ga], family [s'em'ya´ ]

As you can see, in the phonemic system of the Russian language, stress is of decisive importance. Vowels in unstressed syllables undergo the greatest reduction. Let's continue the sound-letter analysis of the remaining iotized ones and see how they can still change characteristics depending on the environment in the words.

Unstressed vowels“E” and “I” designate two sounds and in phonetic transcription and are written as [YI]:

  • at the very beginning of the word:
    • - unity [yi d'in'e´n'i'ye], spruce [yil´vyy], blackberry [yizhiv'i´ka], him [yivo´], fidget [yigaza´], Yenisei [yin'is 'e´y], Egypt [yig'i´p'it];
    • - January [yi nvarskiy], core [yidro´], sting [yiz'v'i´t'], label [yirly´k], Japan [yipo´n'iya], lamb [yign'o´nak ];
    • (The only exceptions are rare foreign word forms and names: Caucasoid [ye vrap'io´idnaya], Evgeniy [ye] vgeny, European [ye vrap'e´yits], diocese [ye] pa´rkhiya, etc.).
  • immediately after a vowel in the 1st pre-stressed syllable or in the 1st, 2nd post-stressed syllable, except for the location at the absolute end of the word.
    • in a timely manner [svai vr'e´m'ina], trains [payi zda´], let's eat [payi d'i´m], run into [nayi w:a´t'], Belgian [b'il'g'i´ yi c], students [uch'a´sh'iyi s'a], with sentences [pr'idlazhe´n'iyi m'i], vanity [suyi ta´],
    • bark [la´yi t'], pendulum [ma´yi tn'ik], hare [za´yi c], belt [po´yi s], declare [zayi v'i´t'], show [prayi in 'l'u´]
  • after the dividing hard “Ъ” or soft “b” sign: - intoxicating [p'yi n'i´t], express [izyi v'i´t'], announcement [abyi vl'e´n'iye], edible [syi dobny].

Note: The St. Petersburg phonological school is characterized by “ecane”, and the Moscow school is characterized by “hiccup”. Previously, the iotrated “Yo” was pronounced with a more accented “Ye”. When changing capitals, performing sound-letter analysis, they adhere to Moscow norms in orthoepy.

Some people in fluent speech pronounce the vowel “I” the same way in syllables with a strong and weak position. This pronunciation is considered a dialect and is not literary. Remember, the vowel “I” under stress and without stress is voiced differently: fair [ya ´marka], but egg [yi ytso´].

Important:

The letter “I” after the soft sign “b” also represents 2 sounds - [YI] in sound-letter analysis. (This rule is relevant for syllables in both strong and weak positions). Let's conduct a sample of online sound-letter analysis: - nightingales [salav'yi´], on chicken legs [na ku´r'yi' x" no´shkah], rabbit [kro´l'ich'yi], no family [s'im 'yi´], judges [su´d'yi], draws [n'ich'yi´], streams [ruch'yi´], foxes [li´s'yi]. But: Vowel “O” after a soft sign. “b” is transcribed as an apostrophe of softness ['] of the preceding consonant and [O], although when pronouncing the phoneme, iotization can be heard: broth [bul'o´n], pavilion n [pav'il'o´n], similarly: postman n , champignon n, chignon n, companion n, medallion n, battalion n, guillot tina, carmagno la, mignon n and others.

Phonetic analysis of words, when the vowels “Yu” “E” “E” “I” form 1 sound

According to the rules of phonetics of the Russian language, at a certain position in words, the designated letters give one sound when:

  • sound units “Yo” “Yu” “E” are under stress after an unpaired consonant in hardness: zh, sh, ts.
    • Then they represent phonemes:
    • ё - [o],
    • e - [e],
    yu - [y].
  • Examples of online analysis by sounds: yellow [zho´ lty], silk [sho´ lk], whole [tse´ ly], recipe [r'itse´ pt], pearls [zhe´ mch'uk], six [she´ st '], hornet [she'rshen'], parachute [parashu't]; The letters “I” “Yu” “E” “E” and “I” indicate the softness of the preceding consonant [’]. Exception only for: [f], [w], [c]. In such cases in a striking position
    • they form one vowel sound:
    • ё – [o]: ticket [put'o´ fka], easy [l'o´ hk'iy], honey fungus [ap'o´ nak], actor [akt'o´ r], child [r'ib' o´nak];
    • e – [e]: seal [t’ul’e´ n’], mirror [z’e’ rkala], smarter [umn’e´ ye], conveyor [kanv’e´ yir];
    • I – [a]: kittens [kat'a´ ta], softly [m'a´ hka], oath [kl'a´ tva], took [vz'a´ l], mattress [t'u f'a ´ k], swan [l'ib'a´ zhy];
    • yu – [y]: beak [kl'u´ f], people [l'u´ d'am], gateway [shl'u´ s], tulle [t'u´ l'], suit [kas't 'mind].
  • Note: in words borrowed from other languages, the stressed vowel “E” does not always signal the softness of the previous consonant. This positional softening ceased to be a mandatory norm in Russian phonetics only in the 20th century. In such cases, when you do a phonetic analysis of the composition, such a vowel sound is transcribed as [e] without a preceding apostrophe of softness: hotel [ate´ l'], strap [br'ite´ l'ka], test [te´ st] , tennis [te´ n:is], cafe [cafe´], puree [p'ure´], amber [ambre´], delta [de´ l'ta], tender [te´ nder], masterpiece [shede´ vr], tablet [tablet]. Attention! After soft consonants in prestressed syllables

the vowels “E” and “I” undergo qualitative reduction and are transformed into the sound [i] (except for [ts], [zh], [sh]). Examples of phonetic analysis of words with similar phonemes: - grain [z'i rno´], earth [z'i ml'a´], cheerful [v'i s'o´ly], ringing [z'v 'i n'i´t], forest [l'i sno´y], blizzard [m'i t'e´l'itsa], feather [p'i ro´], brought [pr' in'i sla´], knit [v'i za´t'], lie [l'i ga´t'], five grater [p'i t'o´rka]

Phonetic analysis: consonants of the Russian language

There is an absolute majority of consonants in the Russian language. When pronouncing a consonant sound, the air flow encounters obstacles. They are formed by organs of articulation: teeth, tongue, palate, vibrations of the vocal cords, lips. Due to this, noise, hissing, whistling or ringing appears in the voice.

How many consonants are there in Russian speech? In the alphabet they are designated by However, when performing sound-letter analysis, you will find that in Russian phonetics consonant sounds more, namely 36.

Sound-letter analysis: what are the consonant sounds?

In our language there are consonants:

  • hard - soft and form the corresponding pairs:
    • [b] - [b’]: b anan - b tree,
    • [in] - [in’]: in height - in yun,
    • [g] - [g’]: city - duke,
    • [d] - [d’]: dacha - dolphin,
    • [z] - [z’]: z von - z ether,
    • [k] - [k’]: k onfeta - to enguru,
    • [l] - [l’]: boat - l lux,
    • [m] - [m’]: magic - dreams,
    • [n] - [n’]: new - nectar,
    • [p] - [p’]: p alma- p yosik,
    • [r] - [r’]: daisy - row of poison,
    • [s] - [s’]: with uvenir - with urpriz,
    • [t] - [t’]: tuchka - t ulpan,
    • [f] - [f’]: f lag - f February,
    • [x] - [x’]: x orek - x seeker.
  • Certain consonants do not have a hard-soft pair. Unpaired ones include:
    • sounds [zh], [ts], [sh] - always hard (zhzn, tsikl, mouse);
    • [ch’], [sch’] and [th’] are always soft (daughter, more often than not, yours).
  • The sounds [zh], [ch’], [sh], [sh’] in our language are called hissing.

A consonant can be voiced - voiceless, as well as sonorous and noisy.

You can determine the voicedness-voicelessness or sonority of a consonant by the degree of noise-voice. These characteristics will vary depending on the method of formation and the participation of the organs of articulation.

  • Sonorant (l, m, n, r, y) are the most sonorous phonemes, in them a maximum of voices and a few noises are heard: l ev, rai, n o l.
  • If, when pronouncing a word during sound parsing, both a voice and noise are formed, it means that you have a voiced consonant (g, b, z, etc.): plant, b people, life.
  • When pronouncing voiceless consonants (p, s, t and others), the vocal cords do not tense, only noise is made: st opka, fishka, k ost yum, tsirk, sew up.

Note: In phonetics, consonant sound units also have a division according to the nature of formation: stop (b, p, d, t) - gap (zh, w, z, s) and method of articulation: labiolabial (b, p, m) , labiodental (f, v), anterior lingual (t, d, z, s, c, g, w, sch, h, n, l, r), midlingual (th), posterior lingual (k, g, x) . The names are given based on the organs of articulation that are involved in sound production.

Tip: If you're just starting to practice spelling words phonetically, try placing your hands on your ears and saying the phoneme. If you were able to hear a voice, then the sound being studied is a voiced consonant, but if noise is heard, then it is voiceless.

Hint: For associative communication, remember the phrases: “Oh, we didn’t forget our friend.” - this sentence contains absolutely the entire set of voiced consonants (excluding softness-hardness pairs). “Styopka, do you want to eat some soup? - Fi! - similarly, the indicated replicas contain a set of all voiceless consonants.

Positional changes of consonants in Russian

The consonant sound, just like the vowel, undergoes changes. The same letter phonetically can represent a different sound, depending on the position it occupies. In the flow of speech, the sound of one consonant is compared to the articulation of a consonant located next to it. This effect makes pronunciation easier and is called assimilation in phonetics.

Positional stun/voicing

In a certain position for consonants, the phonetic law of assimilation according to deafness and voicedness applies. The voiced paired consonant is replaced by a voiceless one:

  • at the absolute end of a phonetic word: but [no´sh], snow [s’n’e´k], garden [agaro´t], club [klu´p];
  • before voiceless consonants: forget-me-not a [n’izabu´t ka], obkh vatit [apkh vat’i´t’], Tuesday [ft o´rn’ik], tube a [corpse a].
  • doing a sound-letter analysis online, you will notice that the voiceless paired consonant standing before the voiced one (except for [th'], [v] - [v'], [l] - [l'], [m] - [m'] , [n] - [n'], [r] - [r']) is also voiced, that is, replaced by its voiced pair: surrender [zda´ch'a], mowing [kaz'ba´], threshing [malad 'ba´], request [pro´z'ba], guess [adgada´t'].

In Russian phonetics, a voiceless noisy consonant does not combine with a subsequent voiced noisy consonant, except for the sounds [v] - [v’]: whipped cream. In this case, the transcription of both the phoneme [z] and [s] is equally acceptable.

When parsing the sounds of words: total, today, today, etc., the letter “G” is replaced by the phoneme [v].

According to the rules of sound-letter analysis, in the endings “-ого”, “-го” of adjectives, participles and pronouns, the consonant “G” is transcribed as the sound [в]: red [kra´snava], blue [s'i´n'iva] , white [b'e´lava], sharp, full, former, that, that, whom.

If, after assimilation, two consonants of the same type are formed, they merge. In the school curriculum on phonetics, this process is called consonant contraction: separate [ad:'il'i´t'] → the letters “T” and “D” are reduced into sounds [d'd'], besh smart [b'ish: u ´much].

When analyzing the composition of a number of words in sound-letter analysis, dissimilation is observed - the opposite process to assimilation. In this case, the common feature of two adjacent consonants changes: the combination “GK” sounds like [xk] (instead of the standard [kk]): light [l'o′kh'k'ii], soft [m'a′kh' k'ii].

  • Soft consonants in Russian
  • In the phonetic parsing scheme, an apostrophe [’] is used to indicate the softness of consonants.
  • Softening of paired hard consonants occurs before “b”;
  • the softness of the consonant sound in a syllable in writing will help determine the vowel letter that follows it (e, ё, i, yu, i);
  • [ш'], [ч'] and [й] are only soft by default;
  • The sound [n] is always softened before soft consonants “Z”, “S”, “D”, “T”: claim [pr'iten'z 'iya], review [r'itseen'z 'iya], pension [pen 's' iya], ve[n'z'] el, licé[n'z'] iya, ka[n'd'] idat, ba[n'd'] it, i[n'd'] ivid , blo[n'd']in, stipe[n'd']iya, ba[n't']ik, vi[n't']ik, zo[n't']ik, ve[n' t'] il, a[n't'] ical, co[n't'] text, remo[n't'] edit;
  • the letters “N”, “K”, “P” during phonetic analysis of their composition can be softened before the soft sounds [ch'], [sch']: glass ik [staka'n'ch'ik], smenschik ik [sm'e ′n'sch'ik], donch ik [po'n'ch'ik], mason ik [kam'e'n'sch'ik], boulevard [bul'va'r'sh'ina], borscht [ borsch'];

often the sounds [з], [с], [р], [н] before a soft consonant undergo assimilation in terms of hardness-softness: wall [s't'e′nka], life [zhyz'n'], here [ z'd'es'];

Positional changes in paired voiced-voiceless consonants before hissing consonants and their transcription during sound-letter parsing

To determine the number of sounds in a word, it is necessary to take into account their positional changes. Paired voiced-voiceless: [d-t] or [z-s] before sibilants (zh, sh, shch, h) are phonetically replaced by a sibilant consonant.

  • Literal analysis and examples of words with hissing sounds: arrival [pr'ie'zhzh ii], ascend [vashsh e´st'iye], izzh elta [i´zh elta], take pity [zh a´l'its: A].

The phenomenon when two different letters are pronounced as one is called complete assimilation in all respects. When performing sound-letter analysis of a word, you must denote one of the repeated sounds in the transcription with the longitude symbol [:].

  • Letter combinations with a hissing “szh” - “zzh” are pronounced like a double hard consonant [zh:], and “ssh” - “zsh” - like [sh:]: squeezed, sewed, without a splint, climbed in.
  • The combinations “zzh”, “zhzh” inside the root, when parsed by letters and sounds, are written in transcription as a long consonant [zh:]: I ride, I squeal, later, reins, yeast, zhzhenka.
  • The combinations “sch”, “zch” at the junction of a root and a suffix/prefix are pronounced as a long soft [sch’:]: account [sch’: o´t], scribe, customer.
  • At the junction of the preposition with the following word in place of “sch”, “zch” is transcribed as [sch'ch']: without number [b'esh' ch' isla´], with something [sch'ch' e'mta] .
  • During sound-letter analysis, the combinations “tch”, “dch” at the junction of morphemes are defined as double soft [ch':]: pilot [l'o´ch': ik], good fellow [little-ch': ik], report [ach': o´t].

Cheat sheet for comparing consonant sounds by place of formation

  • сч → [ш':]: happiness [ш': а´с'т'е], sandstone [п'ish': а´н'ik], peddler [vari´sch': ik], paving stones, calculations, exhaust, clear;
  • zch → [sch’:]: carver [r’e’sch’: ik], loader [gru’sch’: ik], storyteller [raska’sch’: ik];
  • zhch → [sch’:]: defector [p’ir’ibe´ sch’: ik], man [musch’: i´na];
  • shch → [sch’:]: freckled [in’isnu’sch’: ity];
  • stch → [sch’:]: tougher [zho’sch’: e], biting, rigger;
  • zdch → [sch’:]: roundabout [abye’sch’: ik], furrowed [baro’sch’: ity];
  • ssch → [sch’:]: split [rasch’: ip’i′t’], became generous [rasch’: e’dr’ils’a];
  • thsch → [ch'sch']: to split off [ach'sch' ip'i′t'], to snap off [ach'sch' o´lk'ivat'], in vain [ch'sch' etna], carefully [ch' sch' at'el'na];
  • tch → [ch’:]: report [ach’: o′t], fatherland [ach’: i′zna], ciliated [r’is’n’i′ch’: i′ty];
  • dch → [ch’:]: emphasize [pach’: o’rk’ivat’], stepdaughter [pach’: ir’itsa];
  • szh → [zh:]: compress [zh: a´t’];
  • zzh → [zh:]: get rid of [izh: y´t’], kindle [ro´zh: yk], leave [uyizh: a´t’];
  • ssh → [sh:]: brought [pr’in’o′sh: y], embroidered [rash: y’ty];
  • zsh → [sh:]: lower [n’ish: s′y]
  • th → [pcs], in word forms with “what” and its derivatives, doing a sound-letter analysis, we write [pcs]: so that [pcs] , for nothing [n'e′ zasht a], something [ sht o n'ibut'], something;
  • th → [h't] in other cases of letter parsing: dreamer [m'ich't a´t'il'], mail [po´ch't a], preference [pr'itpach't 'e´n' ie] etc;
  • chn → [shn] in exception words: of course [kan'e´shn a′], boring [sku´shn a′], bakery, laundry, scrambled eggs, trifling, birdhouse, bachelorette party, mustard plaster, rag, as well as in female patronymics ending in “-ichna”: Ilyinichna, Nikitichna, Kuzminichna, etc.;
  • chn → [ch'n] - letter analysis for all other options: fabulous [ska´zach'n y], dacha [da´ch'n y], strawberry [z'im'l'in'i´ch'n y], wake up, cloudy, sunny, etc.;
  • !zhd → in place of the letter combination “zhd”, double pronunciation and transcription [sch’] or [sht’] is allowed in the word rain and in the word forms derived from it: rainy, rainy.

Unpronounceable consonants in Russian words

During the pronunciation of an entire phonetic word with a chain of many different consonant letters, one or another sound may be lost. As a result, in the spelling of words there are letters devoid of sound meaning, the so-called unpronounceable consonants. To correctly perform phonetic analysis online, the unpronounceable consonant is not displayed in the transcription. The number of sounds in such phonetic words will be less than the number of letters.

In Russian phonetics, unpronounceable consonants include:

  • "T" - in combinations:
    • stn → [sn]: local [m’e´sn y], reed [tras’n ’i´k]. By analogy, one can perform a phonetic analysis of the words staircase, honest, famous, joyful, sad, participant, messenger, rainy, furious and others;
    • stl → [sl]: happy [sh':asl 'i´vyy"], happy, conscientious, boastful (exception words: bony and postlat, in them the letter “T” is pronounced);
    • ntsk → [nsk]: gigantic [g'iga´nsk 'ii], agency, presidential;
    • sts → [s:]: sixs from [shes: o´t], to eat up [take´s: a], to swear I [kl’a´s: a];
    • sts → [s:]: tourist [tur'i´s: k'iy], maximalist cue [max'imal'i´s: k'iy], racist cue [ras'i´s: k'iy] , bestseller, propaganda, expressionist, Hindu, careerist;
    • ntg → [ng]: x-ray en [r’eng ’e´n];
    • “–tsya”, “–tsya” → [ts:] in verb endings: smile [smile´ts: a], wash [my´ts: a], looks, will do, bow, shave, fit;
    • ts → [ts] for adjectives in combinations at the junction of a root and a suffix: childish [d’e´ts k’ii], bratskiy [bratskyi];
    • ts → [ts:] / [tss]: athlete [sparts: m’e´n], send [atss yla´t’];
    • tts → [ts:] at the junction of morphemes during phonetic analysis online is written as a long “ts”: bratz a [bra´ts: a], father epit [ats: yp'i´t'], to father u [k atz: y´];
  • “D” - when parsing by sounds in the following letter combinations:
    • zdn → [zn]: late [z'n'y], star [z'v'ozn'y], holiday [pra'z'n'ik], free [b'izvazm' e′know];
    • ndsh → [nsh]: mundsh tuk [munsh tu´k], landsh aft [lansh a´ft];
    • NDsk → [NSK]: Dutch [Galansk ’ii], Thai [Thailansk ’ii], Norman [Narmansk ’ii];
    • zdts → [ss]: under the bridles [fall uss s´];
    • ndc → [nts]: Dutch [galans];
    • rdc → [rts]: heart [s’e´rts e], serdts evin [s’irts yv’i´na];
    • rdch → [rch"]: heart ishko [s’erch ’i´shka];
    • dts → [ts:] at the junction of morphemes, less often in roots, are pronounced and when parsed soundly, the word is written as double [ts]: pick up [pats: yp'i´t'], twenty [dva´ts: yt'] ;
    • ds → [ts]: factory [zavac ko´y], rods tvo [rac tvo´], means [sr’e´ts tva], Kislovods k [k’islavo´ts k];
  • “L” - in combinations:
    • sun → [nz]: sun [so´nts e], solar state;
  • “B” - in combinations:
    • vstv → [stv] literal analysis of words: hello [hello, go away], feelings about [ch's'tva], sensuality [ch'us'tv 'inas't'], pampering about [pampering o´], virgin [d'e´stv 'in:y].

Note: In some words of the Russian language, when there is a cluster of consonant sounds “stk”, “ntk”, “zdk”, “ndk” the loss of the phoneme [t] is not allowed: trip [payestka], daughter-in-law, typist, summons, laboratory assistant, student , patient, bulky, Irish, Scottish.

  • When parsing letters, two identical letters immediately after the stressed vowel are transcribed as a single sound and a longitude symbol [:]: class, bath, mass, group, program.
  • Doubled consonants in pre-stressed syllables are indicated in transcription and pronounced as one sound: tunnel [tane´l’], terrace, apparatus.

If you find it difficult to perform phonetic analysis of a word online according to the indicated rules, or you have an ambiguous analysis of the word being studied, use the help of a reference dictionary. Literary norms of orthoepy are regulated by the publication: “Russian literary pronunciation and stress. Dictionary - reference book." M. 1959

References:

  • Litnevskaya E.I. Russian language: short theoretical course for schoolchildren. – MSU, M.: 2000
  • Panov M.V. Russian phonetics. – Enlightenment, M.: 1967
  • Beshenkova E.V., Ivanova O.E. Rules of Russian spelling with comments.
  • Tutorial. – “Institute for Advanced Training of Education Workers”, Tambov: 2012
  • Rosenthal D.E., Dzhandzhakova E.V., Kabanova N.P. Handbook of spelling, pronunciation, literary editing. Russian literary pronunciation. – M.: CheRo, 1999

Now you know how to parse a word into sounds, make a sound-letter analysis of each syllable and determine their number. The described rules explain the laws of phonetics in the school curriculum format. They will help you phonetically characterize any letter.