Living in the private sector, having your own home or dacha, the issue of water supply is fundamental. Frequent water outages, interruptions in its supply, low pressure and low pressure in the water supply system are not a complete list of the problems that the owner of a private home may encounter. A way out of such situations could be the installation of an autonomous pumping station, which could provide water to a separate residential building without depending on the centralized water supply system. What should you know about water pumps? How to choose a water pump taking into account important parameters? We will talk about all this in more detail.
Today, purchasing a pump is not problematic, since the market offers a wide range of pumps designed for different purposes.
There are a huge variety of pumps, but they are all divided into 2 large categories: household and professional. Since our article is intended for a simple consumer, we will therefore focus on the first category, namely household pumps.
If in an apartment the issue with hot water can be solved by installing a pump of a suitable volume, as well as single or double-circuit, then in private houses the most effective would be to install a household pump.
According to their purpose, pumps can be divided into devices for water supply, drainage and circulation. Each of these types of devices has its own operational characteristics, based on which you can choose the most suitable option.
According to the principle of operation, pumps can be: borehole, well, manual and self-priming.
Based on the method of water intake and installation location, pumps can be divided into submersible, external and injection. Let's look at them in more detail.
Submersible pumps - used for drawing water from wells and wells. This type of device is immersed directly in water and therefore does not require installation of dry running protection. The advantage of this type of pump is that there are never problems with air pockets and filling the system.
This type of pump is used for collecting water from swimming pools, wells, water supply systems, and open reservoirs. In this case, water is sucked through a pipe, the end of which should be in the water. It should be noted that a check valve and filter must be installed at the end of the intake pipe. Starting such pumps is quite a troublesome task, since for normal operation of the station it is necessary that the intake pipe and the working area of the pump be filled with water. The power of the device determines the depth from which it is capable of sucking water, the height to which it is capable of raising a column of water, and productivity (number of liters per minute). The average indicators for pumps of this type are as follows: suction depth 4-7 m, water column 10-15 m, productivity 10-20 l/min. External pumps are divided into vortex and centrifugal. Centrifugal pumps allow you to pump water from fairly deep wells or wells. Vortex pumps are ideal for extracting water from shallow wells, and they provide stronger water pressure. As for cost, vortex pumps are much cheaper than centrifugal pumps, while providing greater productivity compared to the latter.
Sometimes there is a need to suck in water from depths of more than 10 m. In such a situation, a pumping station with an injection pump is installed. Its main difference is that the number of suction pipes is not one, but two - one of larger diameter, the other of smaller diameter. Both pipes end with a special nozzle - an injector. It is this that allows the pump to suck in water from great depths. Each product indicates its parameters, which will determine the choice. It should be borne in mind that the pump most likely will not work under ideal conditions, so it is advisable to make a 10-15% correction for the worse in the pump parameters. Next, we consider the main technical characteristics that must be taken into account when choosing a water pump.
These are the basic characteristics by which one can judge the effectiveness of a particular model. water pumps. Capacity is the total volume of water mass that can be pumped by a pump. Always indicated as l/min. or m³/hour.
Water pressure is a measure of the height to which the equipment can deliver a volume of water. Productivity and water pressure directly depend on the pressure that can be provided by a specific pump model. Important characteristics are determined taking into account the size of the site where it is planned to be installed, the quality of groundwater, domestic needs, etc.
Note: for the domestic needs of a family of 3-5 people, a pump with a capacity of 3-4 m³/hour is suitable. For excavation and construction - a pump with a capacity of 1-2 m³/hour.
This indicator is no less important because it is necessary to calculate the efficiency of the entire water supply system for a private home. It is especially relevant for houses with 2-3 floors. The main parameters of the water supply system are: diameter of the water supply system, material, length, fittings (swivel, tee parts and valves).
This is an important function of any pump, which allows you to automatically stop the pump completely in the absence of water. This helps protect the device from premature wear and damage.
For more efficient operation, most pump models are equipped with such basic elements as: a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch. The hydraulic accumulator allows you to control the operating pressure inside the water supply system, preventing possible pump shutdowns due to overload, thereby increasing the service life of the equipment.
The pressure switch provides control over all main operating modes, taking into account the pressure in the system. These elements allow you to assemble a full-fledged pumping station.
Before buy a water pump, you should definitely familiarize yourself with the consumables that come with the equipment. This can be: replaceable filters, auxiliary equipment - hoses, metal-plastic pipes, adapters, taps, electronic control systems, cables, cables, hydraulic accumulators.
And finally, one that will last for decades? When purchasing equipment, you should definitely find out about the warranty and the possibility of obtaining quality service.
Enjoy the shopping! Be careful in your choice and good luck!
Residents of the private sector, owners of houses, dachas, cottages, feeling a certain lack of “civilization” in the highest sense of this concept, always strive to become independent from the less than perfect water supply system in their area. Interruptions in the water supply, frequent shutdowns, low pressure and low pressure in the water supply network and the associated low quality of water force suburban residents to acquire an autonomous pumping station that is in no way connected to the central water supply system. In addition to the pipeline network, a water pump will be required in the entrusted area.
The range of these devices presented on the modern market is quite wide. Today, choosing a water pump is not a difficult task, and purchasing it is not problematic only if you know the main purpose and conditions of its use. Let’s talk in more detail about what you need to know about water pumps and their parameters so as not to make a mistake in your choice.
Despite the great variety of their modifications, two large groups can be distinguished - professional and household use.
The information that will be contained in our article is most needed by ordinary consumers - owners of private houses. Therefore, we will talk about household units. If in urban apartment buildings the problem of supplying hot water can be solved by installing a boiler, as well as a single- or double-circuit gas boiler, then in a private house it is more acceptable to use a household pump for these purposes.
Depending on the purpose of use, household pumps can be divided into drainage pumps (for pumping liquids, including those with solid suspensions), circulation pumps (for in-house heating systems) and water units (for water supply systems). All options differ in their operational features, knowledge of which will allow you to choose the right type correctly.
Pumps are divided into:
An external water pump takes water from open natural or artificial reservoirs (pools, wells, rivers), from ditches, pits, and from water supply systems. Such a unit sucks up water using a pipe or tube, one end of which is lowered into the water. You need to know that a filter and a check valve are installed at the end of such an intake pipe. Putting such a pump into operation is a labor-intensive task due to the fact that the working area and its intake pipe must be filled with water. Indicators such as the power of the pumping unit, on the one hand, and the depth from which water is sucked in; the height to which the water column rises; volume of water per minute (productivity), on the other hand, are interdependent.
The average value of these indicators:
External pumps are divided into vortex pumps (cheap, high-performance, with strong pressure, for extracting water from small wells) and centrifugal pumps (for pumping water out of wells and deep wells).
Submersible pumps deliver water from wells and boreholes. In this case, the body is completely immersed in water, below its surface level. Therefore, this option, which does not require dry-running protection, has the advantage of eliminating the problem of filling the system and causing air locks.
Injection pumps suck water from a depth of more than 10 meters. Their main difference is that they are equipped with two suction pipes of different diameters, at the end of which there are special nozzles - injectors. It is thanks to the injector that the device successfully sucks water from great depths.
We all know well that the goal determines the means. The pump model is selected taking into account the purpose of its use - for pumping water (from a flooded basement, pit), for watering farmland or for delivering drinking water and water for domestic needs.
When watering beds and flower beds, you will most likely need a submersible pump (drainage pump), which will deliver water with a high level of contaminants from a nearby reservoir. It is also suitable for draining a flooded cellar.
To deliver clean water you will need a surface, borehole or submersible well pump.
For a plumbing or heating system in which a large volume of water must be circulated, a circulation pump is chosen.
Now, having an idea about different types of pumps, you can familiarize yourself with other, more detailed parameters of such installations in order to know exactly what choice to make.
The basic characteristics by which the efficiency of a pumping unit is assessed are:
Productivity and water pressure depend on the pressure created in the system.
The pressure indicator in the pump depends on its specific model, which is calculated based on the size of the area being served, the quality of domestic needs, and groundwater.
For example, to meet the household needs of a family of three to five people, you will need a device with a capacity of 3-4 m 3 per hour. For construction and excavation work, productivity should be 1-2 m 3 per hour.
The following required parameters of the pumping unit:
How to choose water pumps based on automation system parameters? To do this, you should know that the efficiency of the device is increased due to such automatic elements as a pressure switch and a hydraulic accumulator.
The pressure switch controls the pressure in the water supply system, providing control over the functionality of the pump in all its main operating modes.
The hydraulic accumulator, which controls the operating pressure in the water supply system, increases the service life of the equipment due to the fact that at the moment of overload it prevents the installation from shutting down.
When choosing a water pump, do not forget about the consumable components and auxiliary equipment, which, in addition to the hydraulic accumulator, include replaceable filters, hoses, taps, adapters, metal-plastic pipes, electronic control parts, cables.
Such a careful approach to choosing a pump model and its components based on individual calculations specifically for your water supply system will allow it to function successfully for many decades. It is hardly worth saving by underestimating the importance of equipment, on which the efficiency and quality of your plumbing system will depend.
When purchasing a water pump, you should also not forget about the possibility of high-quality service and the manufacturer’s warranty.
This video explains the types of pumps.
And this is a more detailed story about the types of pumps.
The operation of a well is impossible without the use of a mandatory component of its arrangement - a pump. After all, a bucket is absolutely not suitable for collecting water from a narrow trunk. In addition, lifting from the depths and transporting water manually would take too much effort and time. I don’t want to waste either one or the other, do you agree?
Properly selected pumping equipment will fill containers in a bathhouse, home, or garden in a matter of minutes. Now it is possible to purchase equipment to service an object of any size. On its basis, you can easily build an automatic water supply system that does not depend on centralized supplies and the participation of owners in the pumping process.
We will tell you in great detail how to choose a pump for a well, what the future owner of the device needs to take into account and provide. A scrupulous explanation of important points for the user is supplemented with photos and video guides.
Before purchasing a suitable pump for a well, you need to clarify a number of indicators of your structure:
Number of sources used in this article: . You will find a list of them at the bottom of the page.
When purchasing bottled water, it can sometimes be difficult to decide which one to get. This particularly applies to people who do not understand the marketing terminology on the labels or the bottles themselves. Many bottled water companies advertise their products as a more natural, healthier or better replacement for tap water. However, with a little research, you won't have to wonder which bottled water to choose from the myriad of options. It is enough to have only basic knowledge to choose the brand or type of water that will suit you best.
Part 1
Buying bottled waterBuy water obtained from natural sources. Companies distribute a wide range of water, but you can choose water that was obtained from a natural source: from a spring or an artesian well. Try the following options:
Avoid bottled water from public sources. Some companies sell bottled water from the tap or from a public water supply. If you want natural or artesian water, don't buy bottled tap water.
Study the signs on the packaging. There should be a mark at the bottom of the bottle or on the back of the bottle indicating the type of plastic the bottle was made from. Most water bottles are made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This type of plastic is used to make various types of plastic containers and has been officially recognized as safe.
Calculate your approximate budget for bottled water. Some brands are quite expensive, especially if they have special packaging or claim to be artesian water.
Store bottled water correctly. To maintain the quality and safety of the product, bottled water, like most food and beverages, must be stored properly.
Pay attention to the water bottles and how they were stacked and stored. You may want to wash the bottle cap, especially if it is not covered with a protective film. Bacteria or other harmful substances may have remained on the lid due to improper handling.
Part 2
Finding Other Water SourcesBuy a water purification system for your home. Purchasing a water purification system makes more economic sense in the long run and will save you from having to dispose of huge amounts of plastic bottles. There are two types of purification systems: whole-house (they filter all the water that comes into the house and are expensive) and point-of-use (they filter water at the point of use, such as a shower head or sink faucet). Most people prefer to use local treatment systems as they are cheaper. Such systems include:
Buy reusable bottles that are made without BPA. If you choose to use or drink tap water or have access to a purified water cooler, consider purchasing a reusable bottle to do your part to help protect the environment.
Drink tap water. Although tap or municipal water is not as good as some bottled water, it is still a healthy and inexpensive alternative to bottled water. Quite often, tap water is perfectly fine to drink. When in doubt, buy a filter pitcher and place it in the refrigerator to improve filtration.
This article was co-authored by Claudia Carberry, RD. Claudia Carberry is a nutritionist at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. She received her master's degree in nutrition from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, in 2010.
No matter how much we would like to immediately consider the irrigation systems as a whole, we will start with the “heart” of any country water supply system - the pump. After all, the system cannot exist without it.
There are a huge number of types and models of pumps, and the choice depends on what they are needed for - for water supply or drainage, circulation, etc. The water supply pumps that interest us are very diverse, and not by chance. Each of them must “adapt” to given specific conditions and, above all, to the source of water: well, borehole, pond, lake, river, swimming pool, etc. After all, each source has its own specific characteristics...
Performance and pressure are the main characteristics of any pump. Capacity (l/min. or m³/hour) - the volume of water that the pump is capable of pumping per unit of time. Pressure is the height to which the pump can deliver water. Both indicators depend on the pressure that the pump develops. All this must be kept in mind when choosing, taking into account the need for water both for domestic needs and for irrigation, taking into account the height of the living space, the size of the plot, etc. To do this, you need to draw up a plan of the plot and house with water collection points, but On average, a pump with a capacity of 1 m³/hour can be used for irrigation, and for the domestic needs of a family of 3-4 people - 3 m³/hour. In this case, the maximum pressure should ensure the supply of water to the most remote points of the site.
Obviously, it is not so easy to constantly maintain and manually control the operation of an entire, sometimes very extensive, water supply system. Therefore, as a rule, the pump is supplemented with two main elements - a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch. In short, the first allows you to regulate the pressure in the system and thereby protects the pump from frequent switching on, reduces the likelihood of water hammer, and increases the efficiency and durability of the pump. The second controls the operating mode of the pump depending on the pressure in the system. As a result, we get a pumping station (PS). The elements of the NS are commercially available, so you can assemble it yourself. Instead of a hydraulic accumulator and relay, some models are equipped with an electronic control system with the same functions, but regulating the pressure more precisely. There are also more complex and very expensive monitoring and control systems that operate with minimal human participation or even autonomously... Such NS are already called ANS - automatic pumping stations.
In this case, there is no choice - only manual. It is relatively inexpensive, weighs 20-25 kg. Its action is based on the principle of a lever, like, for example, a jack or a well “crane”. Of course, you cannot do without physical effort, but it is much less than what you will spend carrying water from a well or pond in buckets. In addition, the hand pump is very fast - it can “dispense” 25-40 liters of water per minute, depending on the frequency of the effort applied (try manually pulling a bucket out of a well or pond every 20 seconds!). Relatively inexpensive hand pumps can lift water from ponds and lakes; shallow (up to 7 m) wells. With the help of others, more expensive ones, you can get water from wells and boreholes up to 15-30 m deep.
However, for summer residents, who were not spared by the “electrification of the entire country,” the choice of pumps is much wider. To make a more specific decision, you must know the depth of the source from which the water will be drawn.
If the depth of the reservoir or well is no more than 7-9 m, then a surface pump is suitable. It is located outside, a hose of the required length is lowered into the water, and at the output they receive water, which goes through the hose to the irrigation system or for domestic needs. Surface pumps are relatively cheap, small-sized, simple in design and light in weight; many models do not require complex maintenance. They are connected to the electrical network, like any household appliance, and are equipped with protection against electric shock. The electric motor has external airflow and turns off when overheated.
Surface pumps can supply water up to a height of 30-50 m, some even higher. Surface pumps are produced by the Italian Speroni, the German-Danish Grundfos and many other companies. Of ours, the Kama 10 model (1200 rubles) is popular, but Agidel (and its Belarusian analogue Palesse) costs the same 1200-1250 rubles. - unreliable and outdated for a long time; back in 1991 they were going to remove it, but they never took it out of production.
Surface pumps are vortex and centrifugal. Centrifugal ones extract water from greater depths than vortex ones, but vortex ones can work in shallow, almost several-centimeter layers of water, giving 2-4 times more pressure than centrifugal ones with the same impeller diameter.
They are more compact and therefore 2-3 times cheaper than similar centrifugal ones. But all vortex pumps have a serious drawback - they are more “picky” about the quality of water; sand is especially dangerous for them, even in small quantities, which practically disables the pump. Therefore, it is better to use them for settled water or water without solid suspensions. Some more expensive models are equipped with an ejector - a special device that allows you to extract water from great depths. All pumps with an ejector are quite noisy; in addition, they require regular cleaning and lubrication of parts. But vortex pumps, even without an ejector, produce a loud and extremely unpleasant high-pitched sound during operation, so it is better to “house” them away from living quarters.
But what if water needs to be extracted from a well or well deeper than 9 m? Then you will have to purchase a submersible pump. The name itself says that such a pump must be in water. The submersible pump takes up little space and is almost silent.
There are well and borehole pumps, and a well pump can also be used for a fairly wide well. Well, well pumps themselves are designed for fairly narrow wells and have a fundamentally different, more complex design; therefore they are almost an order of magnitude more expensive than well pumps. Both types of pumps are cylindrical in shape, but well pumps are “wider”; their engine is used more efficiently, productivity is higher, and the cost is lower than that of well pumps with the same pressure and power consumption. Well pumps are less sensitive to solid particles contained in water and have better cooling, which reduces the risk of overheating during long-term continuous operation. Equipped with automatic float switches that are triggered when the water level drops below the set level and when the set level is reached. Since Soviet times, the so-called vibration models of inexpensive submersible pumps “Malysh” and its modifications have been popular. They are reliable in operation and maintenance due to the simplicity of their design - they have no rotating parts. Such a pump does not require lubrication or preventive maintenance, operates almost silently, is economical, weighs no more than 4 kg, and is protected from overheating.
● The material from which it is made. High-quality plastic or stainless steel is desirable. For a pump with bearings, it is best if the latter are made of ceramic.
● It is desirable to have a soft start system for the engine.
● Pay attention to the presence of protection devices against water penetration, dry running, motor overload, and power surges.
● It is necessary to find out what additional functions the pump has, whether the kit includes parts such as a dirt filter, pressure gauges, check valve, and whether otherwise it is possible to purchase them separately.
● Compare the characteristics of “your” water with the data in the instructions; find out the conditions of installation, operation, warranty obligations, and the possibility of normal service.
