Almost any flower - from a fragile wildflower to a luxurious garden rose, any leaf and blade of grass can become not only part of a school herbarium, but also turn into an ikebana, a postcard for your beloved grandmother, material for decoupage, scrapbooking and a real painting that will be an excellent decor for your home . But for this you need to know how to properly dry leaves and flowers.

There are many ways to dry plants and other natural materials to preserve their original shape and color. There's even a way to instantly prepare leaves and other supplies for fall crafts and herbariums. And he will help you out a lot if you learned this evening that your child needs to bring this same herbarium to school tomorrow.

But sometimes there is no need to rush, especially if you want to create something unusual and unique from the gifts of nature. And then air or volume drying comes to the rescue, allowing you to preserve both the shape and color of beautiful delicate flowers. You just need to be patient so as not to accidentally spoil anything.

And then real magic is born under your hands and the flowers continue to delight the eye when the blizzard is blowing outside the window with might and main.

Air drying without hanging

If there are no plants for hanging suitable conditions or places, then they can be wrapped paper napkins(preferably rice) or other moisture-absorbing material, and then place it in boxes or on top of cardboard.

Flowers usually dry in 2-3 weeks.

This method is suitable for plants such as ammobium, periwinkle, heather, gypsophila, goldenrod, kermek (statice), lavender, echinopsis and the like.

Air drying in a vase with water

Some plants wither very quickly, so it is difficult to dry them in their original form. Therefore, a combined method is used for them: air drying plus water.

The ends of the stems must be cut diagonally and the plants should be placed in a vase with water, immersed no more than 4-5 centimeters.

As the water evaporates, the plants will dry out.

After the buds have wilted a little, remove the flowers and trim the ends of the stems that were in the water to prevent mold.

Then dry the plants by laying them horizontally on cardboard or paper.

This method is suitable for plants such as globe artichoke, heather, carnation (after the flower has fully bloomed), gypsophila, hydrangea, lavender, bulbous, yarrow, chicory and the like.

Air drying with hanging

Air drying is an indispensable method for large flowers and plants that are needed for crafts or winter bouquets.

For such drying you need dark (without straight sun rays), a dry, cool room with excellent ventilation (pantry, attic, garage, attic).

Depending on the type and size of the plant, the drying process lasts different quantities time.

What flowers can be dried?

Air drying is easy ornamental grasses or spikelets cereal plants(rye, wheat, barley, etc.), as well as medicinal or useful herbs(mint, St. John's wort, nettle, etc.).

Flowers: cornflower, hydrangea, decorative onions, poppy, rose, lilac (cut immediately after the lower flowers bloom), physalis.

Cereals

Harvest the ears a couple of days before flowering or after the ears turn a light straw color.

After harvesting, gather the ears into small bunches, placing the tops of the plants at different levels.

Tie the stems tightly, but not tightly, and trim the ends of the stems, straightening them out.

Hang the bunches with the spikelets down on a stretched rope or wire, at least 15 centimeters from the ceiling. The gaps between the beams are 10-15 centimeters.

You can secure bunches of flowers on hooks, paper clips or clothespins.

Leave the grains to dry completely.

Flowers

Cut flowering plants as soon as the flowers bloom. Remove the bottom pair of leaves or all the leaves if you only want the flower itself.

Tie the plants at the base of the stem, 5-10 pieces in a bunch. It is better to wrap every 2-3 stems, and at the end the entire bouquet with a tourniquet, elastic band or twine, so that the flowers do not fall apart after drying.

But do not pull the rope too tightly or wrap it excessively, so that moisture does not accumulate in the dressing areas.

Hang the bunches with flowers or spikelets down on a stretched rope or wire, at least 15 centimeters from the ceiling. The gaps between the beams are 10-15 centimeters. You can secure bunches of flowers on hooks, paper clips or clothespins.

In a bunch, the leaves should be well ventilated and the flowers should not touch each other.

Leave the flowers to dry for 15-30 days. If the petals are thick and dense, or not optimal conditions, then the drying time can be increased to 40 days.

When the flowers are completely dry, the petals will be hard and fragile to the touch.

General rules

Large flowers and flowering branches should be dried one at a time (hydrangea, peony, rose, lilac).

The thorns must be removed from roses.

It is better to bind different types of plants separately, because their drying time may vary.

Bulk drying of flowers in a wrapper

Absorbent cotton

In addition to powder drying using bulk substances, you can use absorbent cotton wool. In this case, the petals also retain their shape and color well.

Place all the petals, including the very central ones, with pieces of cotton wool. Hang the plant by its stem on a hook or rope.

The flower head usually dries in 5-6 days, but the cotton wool can be removed only after the stem has completely dried.

Toilet paper

When drying flowers using toilet paper the cup is flatter and the papery texture leaves marks on the petals, but it doesn't fall apart.

The flower is transferred with paper in the same way as with cotton wool.

Waxing fresh flowers and leaves

Fresh flowers can be covered with paraffin, including a bouquet given for a holiday. Almost all types of flowers can be treated with paraffin.

Dip the brush in melted paraffin, then carefully and delicately work the petals and leaves.

It is better to start from the outermost ones and move towards the center of the bud.

After the petal has completely dried, you can move on to the next one.

Autumn rainy days and long winter evenings simply created for creativity. But the material for it needs to be prepared in advance. Today we will tell you how to properly dry paintings and herbariums.

Almost any flower - from fragile wildflower to luxurious garden rose, any leaf and blade of grass can become not only part of a school herbarium, but also turn into an ikebana, a postcard for your beloved grandmother, material for decoupage, scrapbooking and a real painting that will become an excellent decor for your home. But to do this you need to know how to properly dry leaves and flowers.

There are dozens of ways to dry leaves and flowers. You may be surprised, but the herbarium does not have to be flat at all - if you dry the leaves and flowers correctly, you can preserve their original shape and color. There is even a way to instantly prepare raw materials for crafts from natural materials, which will help you out a lot if you learned that your child needs to bring a herbarium to school tomorrow before bedtime.

How to dry flowers and leaves: Cold drying

The simplest one for everyone known method- dry the leaves under pressure, that is, in books and magazines. Leaves and flowers are simply transferred with sheets of paper or paper towels on both sides and placed under a press.

The paper must be changed every day to remove absorbed moisture. Flowers and leaves will be ready to use after a week. If the workpieces have become too brittle, dip them in a solution of water and PVA glue (4 parts water to 1 part glue), and then dry.

Leaves and flowers that you want to use not for herbariums and paintings, but to create garlands or other crafts, can be dried without a press. To dry the plants, lay them out on paper and straighten them carefully.

Tie the flowers in bunches and hang them with the inflorescences down. The room should have good air circulation and relative dryness.

Some plants can be dried horizontally on a wire rack (for example, ivy). Some are best not turned upside down (physalis).

There are also plants that wither faster than they can dry (hydrangea, bulbous plants, heather, chicory). They need air drying by immersing the stems in water: cut the lower part of the stem at an angle of 45 degrees and place it in a vessel with water to a height of 7.5 cm.

How to dry leaves and flowers: Hot drying

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Hot drying, that is, iron drying perfect option when to dry the leaves for the herbarium for tomorrow. Also, hot drying can preserve the original color of cornflowers.

Place the leaves and flowers on paper, cover them with another layer of paper and iron them until the moisture evaporates from the plants.

Single large flowers whose petals are rich in liquid, such as roses or tulips, can be dried in the oven at low temperature. Watch the process carefully: the flowers should not turn brown.

How to dry flowers and leaves: Powder drying

This method of drying flowers and leaves is not quick or easy. It will require bulk substances with hygroscopic properties: sifted river sand, semolina or corn grits, salt or crushed chalk.

Powder drying also has its advantage: it completely preserves the shape and vibrant color of plants or inflorescences.

Heat the sand in a frying pan so that no moisture remains and let it cool. Pour 2 cm of sand into cardboard box and place flowers on it.

Gently sprinkle sand on top until the plants are completely covered.

After two to three weeks, you need to make holes in the bottom of the box so that the sand can spill out.

Shake the dried flowers slightly to remove any remaining sand. Such flowers can be used for three-dimensional paintings or making floral arrangements.

Every person has at some time encountered intramuscular or intravenous administration of drugs. Sometimes patients develop bumps on their buttocks after injections.

The lumps hurt, do not go away for a long time, and cause physiological and psychological discomfort. Bumps may appear various reasons. They can be treated with medicated ointments and creams. Methods also contribute to their resorption traditional medicine.

The main reasons for the appearance

People who have developed lumps are always interested in why this happened. What factors contributed to the appearance of the balls. Doctors identify several main reasons that affect this problem.

1. Unprofessionalism of nurses is main reason, which causes bumps from injections to form on the buttocks. U medical personnel may not have enough experience. Also, lumps appear when injections are given by a person who does not have a medical education. Almost always, self-administration of injections ends with the formation of a dense ball under the skin. For example: the needle may be inserted at the wrong angle (a 90-degree angle is required) or may not be inserted all the way into the buttock and the medicine will go under the skin rather than into the muscle.
2. Allergic reaction to a medication - if medicine was introduced for the first time, the patient may develop an allergy. In this case, after a few hours a lump forms on the buttock. Redness of the skin, severe itching and burning are also observed. The attending physician must be notified about this. He will probably stop taking this medicine and replace it with another one.
3. Infection - this factor is often a consequence of the unprofessionalism of medical staff. Bumps on the butt form if you do not treat the skin with alcohol before administering the medicine. Infection also occurs when patients do not hold a cotton swab moistened with an antiseptic at the injection site (it must be held for a couple of minutes until the bleeding stops). Seals also appear as a result of using a non-sterile, previously used needle.

Other reasons

• Balls after injections appear in cases where the patient has tight muscles in the buttocks. Most often this happens in a child, but it is possible in an adult. The patient is afraid of injections and tightens his muscles at a crucial moment. This makes it much more difficult for the nurse to administer the needle and medication. The solution is unevenly absorbed into the muscles, so the patient develops lumps.
• When purchasing needles, you need to pay attention to their length and width. A needle that is too short causes the medicine to be injected shallowly, causing new pellets to appear. A needle that is too long also leads to the formation of lumps under the skin. For injections you need to buy needles for intramuscular injections. Thin and short insulin needles are not suitable for these purposes.
• Giving an injection using the clap method - some nurses still use this method. But it is fundamentally wrong. When the needle is inserted quickly and the medication is administered rapidly, the drug does not dissolve evenly. Because of this, the patient develops lumps.

A lump after an injection in the buttock may appear if the oil for injection was not heated or the patient’s body is hypothermic (in this situation, the injections freeze and do not dissolve well). If the needle gets into the nerve endings or into the area of ​​​​the interweaving of small vessels, balls may also appear.

If bruises or hematomas appear after the injections, this indicates that the patient has diabetes.

Symptoms

If even small bumps appear, measures must be taken and treatment carried out. Otherwise, an abscess or suppuration will form in its place. It will have to be treated surgically.

The following picture is typical for an abscess:

• the bumps are very painful, it even hurts the patient to sit, and it’s uncomfortable to move:
• general deterioration in the patient’s well-being;
• the skin at the site of intramuscular injections turns red, has a glossy and tense appearance;
• the bumps increase in size, and the skin on the buttocks swells;
• sometimes the infiltrates burst and the purulent contents of the cones come out.

When suppuration occurs, the pockets are opened by a surgeon, and the patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics and immunostimulants.

How to treat infiltrates

Drug treatments include the following:

• Iodine mesh - apply a thin mesh to the place where the infiltrate is located. It warms and gradually dissolves the balls. But the mesh must be made thin so as not to burn the skin. This is especially true for young children.
• Vishnevsky ointment is an inexpensive drug, sold in every pharmacy. Apply the ointment to a clean bandage or gauze. Apply the compress to the sore spot and secure with a bandage.
• Heparin ointment - lubricate the buds with this remedy for three to ten days. If possible, apply the ointment twice a day. It promotes gradual resorption.
• Dimexide is allowed only for adults. It is diluted with water in a ratio of one to ten. You need to make a compress from the resulting solution, applying it to the sore spot. This remedy even cures old seals. It needs to be kept for thirty minutes twice a day.

What does traditional medicine say?

Many patients are interested in how to get rid of folk remedies from balls after injections.

This is possible in several ways, but initially you should make sure that the patient is not allergic to folk remedies.

1. Take a fresh cabbage leaf. Knead it with a rolling pin, as if you were rolling out dough. Apply to the buttock and secure with a bandage and plaster.
2. Mix in equal quantities natural honey and aloe juice. This ointment should be applied to sore spots. Store the product in the refrigerator.
3. If a lump appears, take a cabbage leaf and dip it in boiling water, as if preparing it for cabbage rolls. Then spread honey on it. Apply to the sore spot, securing with a bandage. Keep the compress on throughout the night.
4. A mixture of aspirin and alcohol. Take a tablet and grind it into powder. Then mix with two tablespoons of alcohol. Soak a bandage or gauze in the resulting solution. Make a compress, put polyethylene on it, secure it with a bandage on top and cover with a woolen cloth. This compress should be kept for several hours until you feel warmth in the sore spot. Then lubricate the skin with baby cream to avoid burns.

Before using the advice of traditional healers, you should consult a doctor, find out from him how to remove cones and whether in your case you can use these recipes, they will also help with both.

Conclusion

If a patient develops a lump after an injection, then it is necessary to find out the reason for its appearance. When allergic reaction Itching and redness of the skin will be additionally diagnosed. With diabetes mellitus, bruises form at the injection site.

In other situations, infiltrates are caused by incorrect actions of medical personnel, infection or muscle tightening in the patient. The seal in the buttocks hurts and causes discomfort, but can be treated with both medications and folk remedies.