The question of how to dig a well with your own hands will remain relevant at all times, because this is an excellent opportunity to solve the problem of water supply for areas to which there is no connection. central water supply. At first glance, this process may seem too complicated and time-consuming, but if you follow a certain sequence of actions, you can cope with the task on your own.
Wells were built back in those distant times when there was no heavy construction equipment, which means you can build a well on your own site.
The photo shows the digging process
Of course, the first thing you need to do is decide on the place where your well will be dug, and in choosing this very place you should take into account the following factors:
Note! If you plan to dig a well with your own hands on a slope, then it should be located above sources of pollution.
Many superstitious people entrust the matter of choosing a place to dig a well to shamans. Previously they used willow twigs, but today they use wire frames to find water. Whether to trust shamans or not, everyone decides for themselves.
If your neighbors already have a well, then you can safely dig and be sure that you will find water. But if the neighbors do not have a well, then you should drill exploration well, which will tell you everything about the presence of water in the ground.
The question of choosing the time to dig a well with your own hands is as important as choosing a place, so you should pay due attention to this point:
Now let's try to figure out how to properly dig a well with our own hands.
Basically, such construction requires at least three people:
The photo shows a clear demonstration of the digging process
The work is carried out at a fairly dynamic pace, so workers often replace each other. If there are large stones in the ground, they are turned out using a short crowbar, then tied with ropes and removed from the recess.
Note! If you work in a mine, you should listen to your own health, and if you suddenly feel unwell, you should leave the mine. Your condition indicates an accumulation of harmful gases that need to be pumped out to continue construction.
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If a place for construction has been chosen, the materials, the price of which is relatively low, have been prepared, the digging process itself should begin. It should be noted that the work ahead is difficult and time-consuming, because the weight of the concrete rings is quite high.
It is quite difficult to install them manually, so perhaps you should use a manual type hoist suspended on a tripod, which you can easily assemble from wooden beams. Of course, purchasing such a mechanism can significantly increase the cost of digging a well manually, but it will reduce the labor intensity of this process.
The technology for digging wells manually consists of the following steps:
Initial stage - deepening
The photo shows the installation of the second concrete ring
Advice. If at some point the rings stop lowering under their own weight, then a deviation has occurred. In order to level the structure, it is necessary to install a shield on top of the rings, which is weighted with bags of soil and heavy stones, and leave for a while. Under the weight of the shield, the rings should lower.
Construction of a well is an excellent opportunity to solve the water supply problem. If the construction procedure is taken seriously and responsibly, then the whole process will not become backbreaking work. Well, the very fact that the well was built with one’s own hands will certainly warm the soul of a good owner.
The video in this article will allow you to learn even more about the intricacies of the construction process.
You can dig a well without hiring outside workers, with your own hands. You just need to study the step-by-step instructions.
Before construction, it is determined by what digging methods the work will be carried out: by alternately installing the upper rings or by finding the level of the aquifer. The method is chosen based on the depth of the water.
The method of sequential installation of rings is as follows. The ring is placed on the surface of the earth and they begin to select the soil inside. Over time, it itself sinks into the depths. To dig a level well, it is necessary to ensure strict verticality, otherwise, if there is a strong slope, the concrete sediment will stop. You can adjust this yourself by tying a plumb line and setting a level on top of the ring.
After the top edge is level with the soil, a second one is installed on the ring. The next ones are installed as necessary until the lower one drops to the aquifer. You can immediately install gaskets to seal the seams.
This method allows you to control the height and number of rings and not be afraid of soil shedding, since the digger is inside.
When performing this option, it must be taken into account that it is inconvenient for one person to dig and remove soil. It will be necessary to involve one more employee. You will also need some extra help when installing the rings on top.
The second method is to initially excavate the well shaft and then install concrete once the aquifer is reached. This method is easier when digging, a person is not cramped inside the ring. It is possible to make deeper shafts. The rings are installed when the walls begin to crumble. Several rings are sealed against the ingress of flood and groundwater.
Cons this method are the following points:
All work on the construction and operation of wells is carried out with mandatory compliance with safety regulations. It assumes:
Today it is not difficult to find a company that provides services for arranging a water source at a summer cottage. Let's find out how much it costs to dig a well in a country house and how to carry out this operation.
Companies offer concrete rings along with digging. The price of work, including materials, is approximately 4,200 rubles. for each ring from the first to the tenth. The next ones will cost more, since they must be additionally strengthened to withstand soil pressure.
If the materials are yours, then you will pay about 2000 rubles. for each ring. It is also necessary to include costs for related materials, which will amount to approximately 1000 rubles.
Additional installation of a well head (well house) will cost about 5,000 rubles.
Before you start organizing a source, you need to choose its location correctly, since the quality of the water depends on this, as well as the duration of operation of the well.
Let's figure out where to dig a well in the country.
Now you need to decide when is the best time to dig a well in your dacha. The ideal period for organizing a water source is autumn - early winter, since at this time the lowest water level is observed.
In spring it is difficult to choose the appropriate depth, since due to snow melting the water level fluctuates within 1-2 meters.
After the location of the future source has been chosen, the main steps begin. To make the work easier, it is recommended to use special devices and tools.
You will need a winch to lift the buckets, and you will also need to install a tripod through which a rope or rope will be thrown.
It is difficult to immediately determine the required depth. Of course, you can focus on the well located nearby. But on average it takes about 8-12 rings.
It will be difficult to manually dig a well with clay rock with your own hands; this will require the use of special tools.
In order to know how to properly dig a well in a country house, you must not only be able to position the rings evenly, but also ensure their protection and reliable fastening.
The rings are connected with metal brackets, which are attached to bolts passing through the wall.
To prevent penetration of perched water into the source, the seam between the rings must be sealed with linen rope and cement mixture. Additionally with outside After digging in the rings, a layer of waterproofing is applied along the seams or even along the entire wall.
Many are convinced that such activities worsen water quality, but these words should not be believed. Water can become worse only if the water penetrates through the seams, which after some time will still become unusable.
The space dug around the well is filled with blue clay, and foam plastic is laid to prevent it from freezing (photo).
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Heading – wooden house above the well, not only performs a decorative function, but also prevents water pollution, preventing wind-blown debris from getting inside.
After the main work on the construction of the house is completed, the installation of the door begins. It is a plank shield, the manufacture of which will not be difficult.
Cutting boards required sizes and connect them together wooden blocks with a cross section of 2.5x3 cm. For this, two bars on top and bottom of the door will be enough.
To ensure the rigidity of the structure, another bar is attached diagonally. After covering, the handle and latch are attached, the hinges are cut in and the door is installed on the house.
In areas where there is no centralized water supply, you have to build wells or boreholes. The type of source depends on the hydrogeological conditions of the area, the needs and personal preferences of the owner.
Digging wells is a labor-intensive and expensive process, but it can be made cheaper by doing it yourself. Therefore, we invite you to figure out how to make a well with your own hands and what you will need for this.
Aquifers can occur at several levels. The topmost one is usually located close to the surface of the earth. This layer is called perchal water. It may be dirty chemicals, used for agriculture, fecal bacteria from wastewater, etc.
Verkhodka is not suitable for feeding a well, unless the water is planned to be used exclusively for technical purposes or for irrigation garden plants. It should also be taken into account that during seasonal changes the amount of water can significantly decrease or increase.
Wells are dug into the groundwater horizon. This aquifer lies below the perched water. The water in it is often free-flowing, so its level in the well is the same as in the aquifer. During construction hydraulic structures groundwater is cut off from the perched water layers to protect it from contamination.
An aesthetically designed well will not only provide the site with water, but will also decorate the local area
Artesian waters lie below groundwater. Wells are not dug to this horizon, and the construction of wells is very expensive. In addition, you have to obtain a permit to use water resources.
Artesian waters are pressure waters, so the water level in the well is higher than in the horizon, and even gushing is possible.
Another advantage shaft structure The advantage of tubular is the ease of construction. You can find out how to dig a mine well with your own hands by reading specialized literature and articles.
If desired, everyone can take their advice and dig and arrange a quality water source on their own.
A column, or tube well, is shallow well, the walls of which are lined with a pipe, and the water is raised using a manual or electric pump
A tube well is built if the aquifer is located shallow, and the owner can use drilling equipment. The advantage of a tubular structure is faster construction. Due to their small diameter, tubular structures are less polluted. They can be built next to residential and commercial buildings.
Both types of wells have their own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing a suitable design, you should take into account all the nuances. Since it is easier to build a mine well without the use of special equipment, in the future we will consider the issues of digging just such a source.
When is the best time to dig a well? If you start work in the spring, after floods, you can make a mistake with the depth of the mine. Groundwater is rising, and until its level drops, it is not advisable to dig. Otherwise, there may be a need to deepen the structure, because There will not be enough water in summer and winter.
The autumn rainy season is also not the most favorable time for building a well. But in the summer heat or winter it is quite possible to start work. During these periods, the water drains away. If you can build a working well, it is guaranteed to maintain productivity in other seasons.
Winter construction is complicated due to soil freezing, but in summer or early autumn nothing prevents excavation work from starting. However, there is one exception. If the well is built on quicksand, it is better to dig it in winter.
The first frost is not an obstacle to building a well. You can start work even if the first snow has fallen. The main thing is that the soil does not freeze too much
Before digging a well at home or in the country, you should decide on the type of soil and choose the appropriate method for constructing the shaft. There are only two methods - open and closed. They differ significantly, each of them has its own characteristics.
The technology of open well digging is applicable on clay and loamy soils. For sandy and sandy loam soils, the closed method is more suitable
The open method of digging a well is convenient and simple. Its essence is that you first need to dig a shaft to the required depth, and then install concrete rings. This method is suitable for areas with dense soil that is not prone to crumbling.
The mine is dug down to the aquifer. If necessary, the walls are strengthened as they go deeper into the ground. The diameter of the hole should be slightly larger than the calculated dimensions finished design. When the shaft is dug, its walls and bottom are constructed, and the remaining gap is filled with a layer of sand or crushed stone.
To ensure that the joints between the rings are airtight, they are installed on cement mortar. A good option is to use locking rings, the design of which immediately provides for the possibility of connection. The well made from them will be stronger and more reliable
If the soil on the site is sandy, then the open digging method is not suitable, because... the risk of the mine walls collapsing is too great. This makes work difficult and can be potentially dangerous for construction workers. Then they use the “ring” method of digging a well. The technology itself is more complex than the open method, but safer.
Having chosen a place for the well, you should dig a shallow hole for the first ring. The recess can be from 20 cm to 2 m. The diameter must correspond to the size of the rings. Having installed the first ring, they begin to select soil from inside the structure. A heavy concrete ring will sink under its own weight.
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Availability own home or summer cottage- that's always good. But some negative aspects of this fact usually cloud the whole picture. One of the big disadvantages of the dacha is the lack of a well. Those who do not have their own well should be interested in this article. By purchasing a well at your dacha, you will not only save time, but also get clean drinking water, thereby enriching your body with useful microelements and vitamins.
Below we will look at the following aspects:
How to dig a well at your dacha with your own hands and how to dig a well correctly? One of the most common and easy ones, but not cheap ways- this is to call a team of professionals. In the event that you still want to test your capabilities and dig a well yourself, you should stock up on hardworking and patient assistants.
It is also necessary to prepare the necessary equipment, tools and materials. It is worth emphasizing that digging wells is very dangerous and difficult work. A person starting to dig wells must take a realistic approach to the task and evaluate his own physical abilities.
The entire process of digging a well can be divided into several steps:
Research shows that in the European part of our country it is possible to dig a well in various places, that is, everywhere. But you shouldn't apply extra effort With maximum level of labor costs and minimal results. There are methods developed over time and experience that are known to almost everyone.
First, it’s worth understanding what underground water is:
So, the search is to find the point of the second groundwater level, which is closest to the surface of the earth. How to do this? From the search location it is worth excluding those places where cesspools or silo pits, as well as latrines and garbage dumps. In the worst case, such pollution must be at least fifty meters. And one more condition - the well must be located no closer than five meters from permanent buildings.
One of the most accurate and no less complex is the method of exploratory drilling, which requires a lot of effort and finance. However, no one has canceled other search methods, which have often been used for centuries.
It is better to search for places for a well early in the morning or late evening, or even at night.
If the point has already been found, then you need to mark it and decide on the time upcoming works. Quite often you can hear that the best season is winter, since groundwater are in a state of "rest", at the bottom.
But it is sometimes difficult to agree with such a statement, since in winter it is extremely difficult to carry out excavation work, also under the condition of constant presence of liquid and a high mass fraction of moisture in the atmosphere. But do not forget that digging deep wells in winter is much easier, since oxygen flows into them more easily, and in the hot months this can be difficult. Best season for digging wells is end of summer and beginning of autumn, before the rainy season.
Tools that may be useful:
Current wells are most often made of reinforced concrete or concrete rings. It is best to buy rings that have lock part and fit tightly to each other. Classic ring parameters:
As a rule, the mass of such a ring is about six hundred kilograms. There are rings of the same diameter, but smaller in height. There are holes on the walls of concrete balls for inserting slings when lowering the rings into the shaft.
I would like to warn you that there are also low-quality rings on sale that are damaged or have already been used by someone. Saving in this matter is impractical, since this is a serious issue and experience shows many stories of broken, distorted and bursting balloons, with sad outcomes.
How many rings are needed? This question is purely individual, and in each individual case requires its own approach. It is necessary to find out from the nearest residents what kind of well they have and how deep it is. And in your case, the parameters shouldn't change much.
4. The work becomes difficult the moment the aquifer is reached. Most often, it is necessary to collect the incoming liquid. Before entering this horizon, the joining of the lower rings is necessary seal with special compounds.
5. The extension of the well trunk is carried out taking into account that the ring protrudes five hundred millimeters above the ground level. Further, this piece can be decorated with a log frame or brick.
Without a component such as a filter, the water in the well will not be as clean as you would like. Water rushing from distant soils can rise with sand, soil and turbidity.
The choice of filter depends on the quality and condition of the bottom of your well:
This work is very dangerous, specific and labor-intensive and requires special safety measures:
Being the owner of your own country plot and not having your own well is probably not the most good option. Yes, of course, some holiday villages are equipped centralized system water supply, but it’s still better to be completely independent from the “whims” of public utilities. The well will also become a source of clean water drinking water, and will satisfy all household needs and provide watering personal plot, but only if it will be arranged correctly.
— materials and tools for carrying out waterproofing work.
Most modern wells are made of reinforced concrete rings. It is best to purchase products that have a “quarter” locking part for centered and tight fit of the rings to each other. Standard size rings – 1000 mm – internal diameter, 1160 – external, wall thickness – 80 mm, maximum height– 900 mm. Such a product (KS-10-9) weighs 600 kg. If necessary, you can purchase rings of the same diameter, but of a smaller height - 300, 500 or 600 mm. On the walls of such rings there are holes for inserting slings when hanging and lowering them into the shaft.
You should immediately warn against purchasing low-quality, illicit rings that are damaged or have already been used. Such savings here are not only inappropriate, but can also be dangerous, since the practice of arranging wells knows many cases of rupture, distortion, and bursting of rings with all possible consequences.
How many rings are needed is an individual question for each specific place. It is worth finding out from your neighbors how deep their well is; this figure should not change much. At the same time, the structure of the well itself is taken into account - the height of the water-bearing part itself, the trunk and the head.
Cross - a template for further work If the ring has an outer diameter of 1160, then the shaft should be marked approximately 200 - 300 mm wider, i.e. Ø from 1350 to 1450 mm with the open method of constructing a well (more on this below). At closed method leave the minimum required gap - so that the ring fits into the shaft without distortion.
All selected soil must be located at a distance of at least 3 meters from the pit from the work site. You can even immediately take it away, for example, to the place where you plan to build “ alpine slide" When the clay layer begins, it is better to store the selected clay separately - it will be useful in the future for waterproofing the well.
1. You can install the first ring exactly and continue to dig under it - it will fall under its own weight.
As the settlement progresses, the next ring is installed on the first one, and they are fastened together with brackets - and so on until the aquifer. This method is called “closed”, and is more relevant on problematic, shifting soils, with quicksand, underground “rivers”, etc. Thus, the excavator always works in a concrete ring, which lowers with him as the soil is removed.
This method is not considered optimal, as it has many disadvantages. So, big problem During excavation, a large boulder may become trapped under the wall of the ring - removing it will not be easy, and sometimes even impossible. But on the other hand, installation of subsequent rings does not require complex lifting equipment, since it is always carried out at the top.
2. The second method is called “open” and involves digging a shaft to the entire required depth and then installing rings. Disadvantages - a much larger volume of selected soil, difficulties with installing and fastening the rings (the work is carried out at a considerable depth), there is always a danger of shedding or even collapse of the mine walls, especially when unstable aquifers begin or quicksand breaks through the wall - the source of “overwater” .
3. Based on the above, the optimal method will probably be a mixed method. At first the work goes on open method, but before the first sign of instability of the walls or the appearance of signs of perched water. Then they immediately descend to the dug depth reinforced concrete rings, and further excavation of soil is carried out using a closed technology, with the deposition of an extendable well shaft. This is the approach most often used in practice.
After completely tearing off the well along its entire depth, it is necessary to pump out all the water and silt from it in order to install a bottom filter.
Without this element, the water in the well will not have the purity that the owner probably expects. The springs gushing at the bottom of the well can raise turbidity, sand, and in the case of quicksand (extremely saturated with water flowing sand) it will simply become overgrown and shallow very quickly.
Choice bottom filter depends on the state of the bottom - what kind of soil forms it:
To do this, large stones or crushed stones are placed on the bottom, with maximum size, up to 150 — 200 mm. Then a layer of medium-sized gravel (fraction 20-30 mm), up to 150 mm thick, is poured. And a final layer of clean river pebbles, also up to 150 mm thick, is laid on top. The total thickness of the resulting filter reaches half a meter.
In this case, the washed water is first poured onto the bottom. river sand. The second layer is river pebbles or gravel up to 10 mm in size (shungite can be used). And the top layer will be large gravel or pebbles ranging in size from 50 mm. The thickness of each layer is at least 150 mm.
To prevent it from floating up, they press it down with large stones. At least a 200-300 mm layer of small pebbles or gravel is laid on top.
The work of digging a well is very specific and dangerous and requires special precautions.
Typically, work on high-quality digging of wells is carried out by teams of experienced professionals who have their own specialized equipment. It is almost impossible for a beginner to cope with such a task - there are too many nuances familiar only to masters, and the work is fraught with too many dangers.
At this point, the construction of a well at suburban area are far from finished. There is still serious work to be done on waterproofing, insulation, installation clay castle, concrete blind area, conducting water pipes, head equipment and other stages. They will be discussed in more detail in other publications on our portal.
