Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.
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Creative project "Birdhouse" (a collective project for 2 - 3 people is possible) 1. Rationale for the project We always look forward to every spring with excitement, when nature comes to life, birds fly in and sing. Starlings fly into our garden, but we don’t have a birdhouse for them. So I decided to make them a birdhouse. In 5th grade we learned to saw, plan, drill and join wood parts. Now I can do a lot myself and will definitely make a birdhouse and attach it to a tree. 2. Project plan To complete my project, I need to think in advance about the shape and dimensions of the birdhouse, select materials, draw a drawing or sketch of the birdhouse, determine its dimensions, select tools for processing, think over the manufacturing technology, manufacture it and figure out how to attach it to the tree. You can draw up a project implementation plan, that is, a thinking scheme, as follows (Fig. 1).
3. Possible options for birdhouses and choosing the best option. It is better to make a birdhouse from natural wood or from a hollow tree, as the birds will get used to it better. It should be warm and not deteriorate from moisture or crack from the sun. The birdhouse can be made from boards or thick plywood. The roof can be made of boards or even tin or plastic. It's easier to make a rectangular shape. The boards can be fastened with nails or screws. The first option (Fig. 2) involves making a birdhouse from planks with a sloping roof.
This option is simple, but not a very beautiful option. A roof made of two planks would look better (Fig. 3).
Option 3 – birdhouse made from the trunk of a hollow tree (Fig. 4). It has a shelf under the entrance hole on which the bird can sit and rest. Yes, and the chicks can sit before their first flight.
Option 4 – a birdhouse made of a hollow tree with an entrance from a hollow knot (Fig. 5). This design makes it more difficult for the cat to get the starling and chicks out of the birdhouse.
I shared my opinion with friends and parents about which birdhouse design is better. The majority noted the first option as the best. Of all the options, I choose the first one. It is the simplest. There are materials for its manufacture. It consists only of planks that can be easily knocked down with nails or connected with screws. 4. Birdhouse drawing The requirements for the drawing are as follows. All dimensions of the product must be shown on the drawing. It will be easy for me to mark and cut the boards. There should be a hole in the birdhouse, as my parents told me, with a diameter of about 5 cm. A starling can freely crawl into it. The hole can be marked and drilled along its contour, then cut or sawed, the hole can be cut out with a jigsaw and cleaned with a file. But it’s better to cut it out right away with a jigsaw if the board is not thick. I read that you cannot nail a birdhouse into a living tree using wood nails. Can be nailed to a dry or separate knot or secured to the roof of a building, for example to wooden parts with nails or screws. You can screw the birdhouse to the body using wire without a fastening strip. The tree grows wider and over time the wire cuts into it. It would not be harmful to fasten the birdhouse with wire and place wooden blocks under it. To the birdhouse you need to nail a board to the back wall in advance. The drawing of my product is shown in Fig. 6.
5. Manufacturing technology For the walls of the birdhouse, I selected a board 20 mm thick and 140 mm wide. I marked the front and rear walls with a length of 350 and 300 mm. The side walls need to be cut obliquely. The bottom will have a size of 140 180 mm (Fig. 6 and Fig. 7). The hole is cut out with a jigsaw. First, a board is nailed to the back wall to attach the birdhouse and the ends of the nails are bent. The walls are nailed or attached with screws (Fig. 7).
The walls and bottom are nailed tightly. Under the cover, the side walls are cut down at the angle of the roof. The roof is made of boards, plywood, tin or plastic measuring 140 × 260 mm and nailed with small nails. The manufacturing technology is recorded in the technological map (Table 1). Table 1. Technological map for making a birdhouse 
Manufacturing process I made my birdhouse according to my drawing and according to the technological map in the technology room and at home. All necessary tools are available. The boards are well cut with a saw and planed with a plane, and smoothed along the edges with a file. At first I thought it would be easy and quick to make. Now I know that this is not true. The birdhouse turned out good. I think starlings will settle in it. 6. Economic justification for the project 6.1. To make a birdhouse, boards were required. The length of the board is: 350 mm x 4 walls = 1.4 m. Its volume is approximately 14 cm x 2 cm x 140 cm = 44300 cm3 = 0.044 m3. The price of one cubic meter of boards is 4 thousand rubles/m3. The cost of our board is: 0.044 m3 x 4 thousand rubles/m3 = approximately 17 rubles. The rest of the materials are free from waste. 6.2. To make a birdhouse it took 200 g = 0.2 kg of nails. Price of nails: 80 rub./kg. The cost of nails is: 0.2 kg x 80 rubles/kg = 16 rubles. The total cost of product C at costs Z will be: C = Z1 + Z2 = 17 + 16 = 33 (rub.). 7. Defense and evaluation of the project For the defense, I wrote a short report for 5 minutes. I told how I made my birdhouse in class at the defense of the project. Everyone praised me. Now it will be nice for the birds too. I received a good grade for the birdhouse.
With. 1
Municipal budgetary educational institution “Secondary school with. Loznoye, Chernyansky district, Belgorod region"
The project was prepared by:
Shchepilov Yuri
Dariglazov Nikita
3rd grade students
.
LOZNOE-2012
Why we decided to make a birdhouse
The long-awaited spring has arrived. Its onset is felt more acutely than in the city, with its smoke, noise and some kind of eternal bustle. In our village, on the southeastern side, there is a forest, which, like people, was also waiting for spring and with its arrival seemed to come to life. The buds have swelled on the trees, the first spring flowers have appeared on the clearings and hillocks, the hubbub and chirping of birds can be heard all day long, many of which have flown to us for the first time.
There are many ways to help birds find homes. And we decided to build a birdhouse.
Starlings are useful birds. These are little feathered orderlies. They feed on insects, larvae and worms that harm plants.
Common starling
Class Birds - Aves
Order Passeriformes - Passeriformes
Family Starlings - Sturnidae
Common starling - Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus. People call it Egor, Egorka. This is a small bird (weight 72-77 g), black with a metallic tint, brown wings and tail. In autumn it is completely covered with white spots. Young ones are brown with a lighter throat. The tail is relatively short. The scream is sharp, creaking. The starling sings, mainly imitating the songs of other birds and various other sounds in general - the creaking of a door, the meowing of cats, the croaking of frogs. In captivity, starlings easily learn to pronounce words, and even entire sentences.
The starling, as a rule, prefers to settle next to a person. They nest in birdhouses and hollows. Both birds build the nest from soft grass and feathers. The female lays 5-8 blue eggs. Parents take turns incubating for about two weeks. The chicks remain in the nest for another two and a half weeks before flying.
The birdhouse can be hung on a tree or pole so that it is not accessible to predators (cats). When making a birdhouse, the main thing is that the lid fits tightly, without gaps, and the inner surface of the boards should never be planed smoothly. If there are small cracks in the bottom of the birdhouse, the starlings themselves will caulk them when building a nest.
The starling feeds on insects, larvae and worms, which it collects on the ground. In autumn, berries and fruits are added to the diet.
People in areas where starlings live are, as a rule, convinced that after wintering old pairs return to them. However, ornithologists say that this is not so. Starlings born in any place, of course, can return to this area, but still more often settle in other territories.
Rice. 1. Birdhouses, XVIII century.
In the middle of the 19th century. German zoologist Gloger was one of the first to propose using a birdhouse as a means of protecting and attracting birds in European countries. At the same time, there is evidence that the first birdhouses in Europe began to be made back in the 16th century. At the same time, not only practical (at this time the benefits brought by starlings as exterminators of harmful insects) were already known, but also aesthetic and religious-cult goals.
In the middle and second half of the 20th century. Hanging bird houses in order to attract birds and increase their numbers, primarily in areas of mass breeding of pests and in human settlements, has become particularly widespread.
To make a birdhouse you will need the following materials and tools:
The thickness of the boards for making bird houses should be at least 1.5, and preferably 2.5 cm. The outside of the boards should be planed, but their inner surface should be left unplaned and rough.
|
№ |
Name |
Quantity |
Material |
Note |
|
1 |
Back wall |
1 |
Wood | |
|
2 |
Front wall |
1 |
Wood | |
|
3 |
Side wall |
2 |
Wood | |
|
4 |
Bottom |
1 |
Wood | |
|
5 |
Lid |
1 |
Wood | |
|
6 |
Bottom of the lid |
1 |
Wood | |
|
Birdhouse | ||||
|
№ |
Sequence of work |
Graphic image |
|
1 |
Cut out and plan the blank for the front wall on one side. Clear. Drill a hole with a diameter of 38 mm. |
|
|
2 |
Cut out and plan the blank for the back wall on one side. Clear. |
|
|
3 |
Cut out and plan the blanks for the side walls on one side. Clear. |
 |
|
4 |
Assemble the birdhouse frame. |
 |
|
5 |
Cut out and plan the bottom on one side. Clear. Attach the bottom to the frame. |
|
|
6 |
Cut out and plan the lid of the birdhouse. Clear. |
 |
|
7 |
Cut out and plan the bottom of the lid on one side. Clear. Attach to the lid of the birdhouse. |
 |
|
8 |
Attach the cover to the frame. |
|
|
№ |
Name |
Quantity |
Price |
Sum |
|
1 |
Edged board size 20 x 200 x 1200 mm |
0.0048 m 3 |
8000 rub. per 1 m 3 |
384 |
|
2 |
Nails (wood screws 3 x 45 mm) |
20 |
40 rub. kg. |
15 |
|
3 |
Electricity |
0.16 kWh |
6 rubles for 1 kWh |
0,96 |
|
Total |
399r 96 kopecks |
|||
The birdhouse turned out very good. And now the arriving spring guests will have their own home. We hope we have helped the first harbingers of spring settle into their new place. This spring there will be one more place for birds to live. Year after year the number of such dwellings should increase.
Information sources
WWW.afanasovo.ru
With. 1
Project “Let's Help the Birds”
Main goal of the project: WITH creating conditions for the child to develop elements of ecological culture, environmentally literate behavior in nature, and a humane attitude towards living objects of flora and fauna.
Project participants:
pupils of a sanatorium boarding school;
educators;
class teachers
parents;
Project type: short.
Target: Learn how to make a birdhouse and bird feeder.
Tasks:
get acquainted with the history of birdhouses;
develop in pupils an interest in the life of birds;
contribute to the development of a friendly attitude towards nature;
involve parents in the life of their children at school;
study the features of making birdhouses for starlings;
develop a design and produce drawings for the product;
build your own feeder and birdhouse for the starling.
Project rationale:
Many people pay attention to the surrounding nature. Things that do not pollute the environment, made from natural materials, and support the fragile world around us are becoming popular and widespread. All this is connected with the deteriorating environment and is very noticeable in a large polluted city. This topic is very close to us, because the territory of our school is quite large, and nature itself is outside our window. One of the ways to get closer to nature is to make a birdhouse and bird feeders. These bird houses combine both beauty and benefits for the nature around us. After all, a birdhouse is a house for birds, created by human hands, that is, it is our concern for our smaller brothers.
Project implementation stages:
Stage one. Organizational stage
Tasks of the first stage:
determine the topic, purpose and objectives of the project;
identification of necessary technical, information and methodological resources;
Formation of a project strategy.
introduce the life of wintering birds;
develop communication skills of pupils.
choose the most economical option for making a birdhouse and feeder.
Stage two. Practical stage
Second stage tasks:
drawing up a technological map of the birdhouse;
production of a product drawing;
develop children's communication skills;
promote the development of the cognitive sphere of schoolchildren;
help optimize relationships between children and parents;
expand the theoretical knowledge of teachers and parents regarding the issue of wintering birds;
make birdhouses and a feeder together with parents.
Stage three. The final stage.
Objectives of the third stage:
summarize the project;
make and present a presentation of the project;
project protection;
place birdhouses on the school grounds.
Action plan for the implementation of the Birdhouse project
| Project implementation stages | Project implementation activities | Dates | Responsible |
|
| Organizational stage | Learn about the history of bird houses. Explore the types of birdhouses. Get to know the species of wintering birds. Determine the topic, purpose and objectives of the project. Choose the most economical option for making a birdhouse. | Technology teacher, Educators, Class teachers, Pupils |
||
| Practical stage | Drawing up technological maps for the manufacture of birdhouses and feeders. Making a product drawing. Make economic calculations. Make a product at home with your parents. | Pupils, Parents |
||
| The final stage | Place finished products on school grounds. Making a project presentation. Project protection | Pupils, Technology teacher, Educators, Class teachers |
Birdhouse project example
Birdhouse Project
Compiled by:
6th grade student Ivanov Ivan
Head:
technology teacher Trushkina M.N.
Krasny Sulin
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….....3
“Secrets of the birdhouse”…………………...…………………………….4
2.1. Justification and selection of the project……………………………………………...4
2.2. Types of birdhouses……………………………………………………….6
2.3. Design and placement of birdhouses……………………………..7
2.4. Purpose of birdhouses…………………………………………………..7
2.5. Interesting facts from the life of starlings…………………………………..7
2.6. Starlings are the protectors of gardens and vegetable gardens…………………………………..9
2.7. Practical work…… …………………………………………….10
2.8.Economic calculations…………………………………………………….10
2.9.Manufacturing stages………………………………………………………...11
3. Technological map………………………………………………………12
4. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………17
References………………………………………………………..18
Introduction.
In the spring, I noticed that many starlings arrive, but in the summer they can be seen very rarely. “Why aren’t starlings visible in summer?” There are very few places in the village for them to live. The solution suggested itself - we need to help the birds, which means helping ourselves.
The object of my research was a birdhouse.
Subject of research: birdhouse for starlings.
Purpose of the study: to study the method of making a birdhouse for a starling.
Get acquainted with the history of birdhouses;
Study the features of making birdhouses for starlings;
Build a birdhouse for a starling with your own hands.
Research methods:
Theoretical: study of information sources.
Practical:
a) observation;
b) design;
c) generalization and conclusions.
Hypothesis: making the largest number of birdhouses for starlings is one of the ways to maintain the number of starlings in the village.
The intended value of the work lies in the fact that this project is aimed at developing creative work and environmental culture.
2. “Secrets of the birdhouse.”
2.1. Justification and choice of topic.
There is a written mention of birdhouses in the “Book for Hunters” of 1774 by Vasily Levshin: “And in the Crimea, Little Russia and in many places in Russia, starlings are found in courtyards under detention, other owners make special bundles for them from birch bark, where they can make nests. Such yard starlings amuse the human ear with a pleasant whistle.”
Apparently, the first massive human attempts to build and provide housing for birds were made much earlier, most likely in the last millennium in India. Hindus have long treated all animals humanely. The Indian myna starling is still hung with dry bottle gourds for nests. Now mynahs can be found in Moscow - they were unintentionally acclimatized here by bird lovers, and the bottle gourd - laginaria - was not so long ago bred in some steppe forestry enterprises specifically for use as bird houses in forest plantations.
In Europe, regardless of the Indians, the inhabitants of the Netherlands were the first to learn how to attract starlings. This is confirmed by some Flemish paintings, which, starting from 1500, depict birdhouses and birds around them.
There are also written confirmations. Professor G.P. Dementyev found in the ancient treatise “On the Birds of Olina,” printed in Rome in 1622, images of a starling and a clay birdhouse nearby. Flemish birdhouses were made of baked clay, in the shape of a jug, flat on one side. On this flat wall there was a hole large enough for a hand to pass through. On the other hand - the entrance. The birdhouse was hung on a nail on buildings, with the flat side facing the wall. The large hole was, of course, not for a nail. Birdhouses, it turns out, were hung not at all to protect starlings, but, on the contrary, to be used as food for the chicks as soon as they grew up.
Even earlier, the Novgorodians, who settled the northern lands right up to the White Sea, attracted goldeneye ducks in dugout logs. In nature, they nest in hollows. They placed nest boxes along the river banks, and when the egg laying ended, they drove around the nest boxes in a boat and collected the eggs. The second masonry was no longer touched. And now in the Darwin Nature Reserve on the Rybinsk Reservoir, goldeneyes willingly settle in large “birdhouses” made of boards. Of course, no one takes away their clutches. And in Moscow, goldeneyes nest on some ponds at VDNKh and the Zoo. It would be very simple to revive the old custom of hanging nest boxes for them. Then it would be possible to breed these small beautiful diving ducks in the capital.
Well, the birdhouse itself - a wooden bird house made of boards - also first appeared in Rus'. In the old days, birdhouses were real works of art. Figures of people were cut out on a piece of log with a cavity in the center and painted. From the boards they built a kind of mansion with a gable roof and a balcony decorated with carvings. The birds didn't need it, but people liked it. Interesting antique birdhouses are kept in the collections of the Historical Museum in Moscow and the Toy Museum in Zagorsk. The very complexity of production spoke of the love with which people treated this work and the inhabitants of the houses - starlings.
Professor G.P. Dementyev wrote that “apparently, it was among the rural population of Russia that the idea of protecting birds for ethical and aesthetic reasons first arose.”
In our time, this glorious Russian custom is not only not forgotten, but has spread to cities. In areas of Moscow new buildings there are many birdhouses on trees, and where there are none, on balconies. It is the new settlers who “for luck” invite the starlings to settle nearby.
The German scientist Hennicke, in his large “Manual on Attracting Birds” published in 1912, attributes the “invention” of the birdhouse to the German zoologist G. C. Gloger. In this regard, it is appropriate to quote a few lines from the minutes of the meeting of the Committee on Animal Acclimatization on February 14, 1857 in Russia. The scientific secretary of the committee, A. P. Bogdanov, sent from Berlin “six artificial nests invented by the famous G. C. Gloger.” What kind of artificial nests were invented? The "Report on Action" of the same Committee states: "He (Gloger) came up with the idea of arranging artificial nests for these birds, something like our birdhouses." From these records it is clear that at this time birdhouses were not a novelty with us, and Gloger's nests were constructed similarly. What is the merit of a scientist? Firstly, that Gloger was the first to propose making nesting boxes of different sizes, designed not only for starlings, but also for other birds, and secondly, and this is the main thing, that it was proposed to attract birds primarily for economic purposes to protect plants from insects.
In 1898, Baron Hans von Berlepsch’s book “The General Protection of Birds” was published, which was translated into almost all European languages. On his estate “Zesbach” Berlepsh tested models of drilled bird nests of different sizes. The Scheide factory began mass production of these nesting boxes. The book was reprinted many times, its role in promoting birds and attracting them was enormous.
Types of birdhouses.
Over the entire history of birdhouses, people have created more than fifty types of birdhouses. These types of birdhouses vary depending on the design and placement. Thus, there are open and ground nesting boxes, ordinary and combined birdhouses, nest boxes (logs hollowed out from the inside), barrels (houses with convex walls), sheds (houses with stacked walls and hip roofs). In addition, they are often divided into groups according to the name of the residents: birdhouses, titmouses, flycatchers, wagtails and others. All these bird houses vary in size, area, depth and some features characteristic of a particular breed of bird. But all of them are artificial nesting sites for small birds, mainly nesting in hollows.
Design and placement of birdhouses.
The birdhouse is traditionally made in the form of a wooden house with a round or rectangular entrance. The height is usually 30-40 cm, the bottom size is about 14 cm, the diameter of the entrance is about 5 cm. The lid should be removable so that the nesting box can be checked, and also cleaned at the end of the nesting season - nesting material should be removed from the nesting box (starlings, tits and nuthatches can do this themselves, but some other birds cannot). Placed on a tree in the forest, park, on a balcony, wall or under the roof of a house.
Purpose of birdhouses.
Birdhouses and feeders can be installed for several purposes:
Attracting birds to observe their nesting for research purposes or just for fun;
Attracting birds to destroy agricultural pests;
Fostering a love of nature and work in children.
2.5. Interesting facts from the life of starlings.
Appearance. A short-tailed, shiny black bird about the size of blackbird, in autumn and winter with frequent white speckles. By spring, the light tips of the feathers wear off and the speckles disappear. Young birds are dark brown with a light throat. A typical running bird, unlike, for example, blackbirds that move by jumping. The flight is straight.
Habitat. Usually in open forests, steppes and populated areas.
Prefers open cultural landscapes with tree plantations, parks, and gardens.
Nutrition.
It feeds on a variety of animal and plant foods and, at the end of the nesting period, gathers in large, dense flocks.
Nesting sites.
It nests mainly near human dwellings, occupying birdhouses made and hung specifically for starlings, niches under balconies and roofs, etc. Less commonly, it settles in hollow trees near populated areas.
Nest location
. The nest is located both singly and in small groups. When nesting in the forest, the starling usually occupies the hollows of the great spotted woodpecker, as well as other medium-sized woodpeckers.
Nest building material. The hollow is abundantly lined with soft stems of grass, sometimes straw and a large number of feathers of domestic and wild birds.
Features of masonry. The clutch contains from 5 to 8, more often 5-6, bright blue eggs without a pattern. Egg dimensions: (27-32) x (20-23) mm.
Nesting dates
. Common starlings arrive early, usually in March, when thawed patches appear in the fields, and immediately occupy nesting sites. In April, eggs appear in the nests. Incubation lasts 13-15 days. The chicks are then fed in the nest for three weeks. Their flight occurs in the second half of May - the first half of June. In birds, a second clutch is sometimes observed.
After the chicks have fledged, starlings gather in flocks and soon (in July - August) leave the nesting area, moving south and southwest to places with plenty of food. Here they remain until the autumn departure for wintering grounds. And only small groups continue to stay in the breeding areas until autumn.
Departure takes place in September - October.
Spreading.
Distributed from the western borders of Russia to Transbaikalia. Flies to the south of the Far East. In the north of the range, through agricultural areas it reaches the northern taiga.
Wintering.
Winters mainly in North Africa, India, and Southern Europe. It is found in the Caucasus and here and there in large cities, and often flocks of starlings winter in the same squares and parks from year to year.
2.6. Starlings are protectors of gardens and vegetable gardens.
Economic importance . Despite some harmful activity in the fall (in vineyards and orchards), the starling is undoubtedly a very useful bird that should be protected and attracted in every possible way. It deserves this as a destroyer of various garden caterpillars and slugs, dipterous insects and their larvae (flies, gadflies, horse flies) that harm domestic animals, May beetles, and in steppe areas - various locusts. For this, he can be forgiven for attacks on cherries, grapes and other berries in the fall. Considering the benefits of the starling in agriculture, it was settled in North America, where it multiplied and spread greatly.
Practical work.
Materials
Not planed dry boards, preferably hardwood (birch, aspen, alder, etc.). You cannot use compressed wood (chipboard, fibreboard, etc.) as it is toxic and short-lived.
Nails 4-4.5 cm long
Gray or red odorless paint
Tools
Wood hacksaw
Drill with feather bit
Narrow chisel
Pencil and ruler
Birdhouse dimensions
The boards must be at least 2 cm thick so that the walls retain heat well
Optimal internal size: square bottom 10-15 cm. Natural hollow 12x12 cm, so use these dimensions as a guide
Taphole diameter (hole) 4.5-5 cm
The distance from the tap hole to the bottom is 15-20 cm
The height of the birdhouse is 30-35 cm.
It is better to make the taphole cylindrical rather than rectangular
The design should not injure birds - make the roof removable to care for the birdhouse
The perch is not necessary, starlings do not need it
The inner walls must be unplaned - since it is very difficult to get out on a smooth surface. If the boards are smooth, then before assembling, apply horizontal notches on the front wall with a chisel.
It is better not to paint the birdhouse, the smell and bright color scare away birds, but if you really want to, then paint it with gray or red odorless paint
The top canopy must protrude at least 5 cm to protect the entrance from bad weather
2.8. Economic calculations.
| Cost item | Cost, rub.) | Quantity (pcs.) | Total rubles |
| Not planed dry boards | 1 (cut into 6 parts) | ||
| Nails 4-4.5 cm long. | |||
| Gray or red odorless paint. | |||
| Copier paper, paint | |||
| Wood saw. | Depreciation | Depreciation |
|
| Drill with a feather drill. | |||
| Narrow chisel. | |||
| 770 rubles |
2.9. Manufacturing stages.
We need to produce 7 parts of the following sizes:
from a board 20cm wide - parts 25-30cm long - 3 pieces (front and back walls and the top of the birdhouse lid)
from a board 15cm wide - parts 25-30cm long - 2 pieces (side walls of the birdhouse)
from a board 15cm wide - parts 15-16cm long - 2 pieces (bottom of the birdhouse and lower part of the lid).
The length of these parts = 20 cm - (2 x thickness of the boards).
1. Using a square and a pencil, measure the birdhouse part.
2. Then we saw off the part using a hacksaw.
Marking and sawing of parts must be done sequentially so that paired parts are the same size.
3. A hole should be drilled in the front wall - a tap hole with a diameter of 50 mm. The starling will enter its house through this hole.
To prevent the cat from reaching the nest with the chicks with its paw, the hole should be placed at a distance of 5 cm from the top edge.
4. In the front and back walls of the birdhouse, we drill holes with a diameter of 4 mm for self-tapping screws along the entire perimeter of the wall at a distance of 1 cm from the edge. 2-3 holes per side are enough.
Birdhouse assembly procedure:
1. Screw the front wall to the right side wall of the birdhouse.
2. Similarly, screw the back wall to the left side wall of the birdhouse.
3. We connect the resulting two parts with self-tapping screws to each other, making sure to try on the bottom of the birdhouse and the lower part of the lid.
4. Place it in its place and secure the bottom of the birdhouse to all four walls.
5. Connect the lower part of the birdhouse lid with the upper part. The center of the lower part should be offset from the center of the upper part by 5 cm to form a visor.
6. Insert the lid into the birdhouse body and secure it on the sides.
Since the birdhouse needs to be cleaned of old nests once every 2 years, it is enough to secure the lid with only two self-tapping screws.
3. Technological map.
ROUTING
No. Sequence of work Tools and devices
1. Pre-select a block of wood
(300x250 mm) Ruler
2. Hollow out the internal cavity Drill, chisels
3. Drill a hole for the tap hole with a diameter of 50 mm
4. Select a blank for the lid
(250x280 mm) Ruler, pencil
5. Processing the Sherhebel board, plane, sanding paper
6. Attaching the lid to the body of the birdhouse Glue
7. Cleaning the surface Sanding paper
8. Base.
Select a workpiece (250x240 mm) Ruler
9. Processing the board Template, pencil, sherhebel, plane, sanding paper
10. Sawing along the contour of a jigsaw
11. Cleaning edges Milling machine
12. Surface cleaning Sandpaper
13. Assembly and finishing of the product Glue, screws, varnish.
ROUTING
No. Sequence of work performed Tools and devices
1. Selection of lumber Tape measure, meter
2. Surface treatment Sherhebel, plane
3. Marking lumber Pencil, square, ruler, tape measure
4. Drilling a hole for the tap hole Bracer, feather, drill, chisels, semicircular rasp
5. Select blanks for the lid Ruler, pencil, tape measure
6. Bottom selection (240x240 mm) Tape measure, pencil, tape measure
7. Sawing out the front, back, side walls. Hack saw, ruler, pencil, tape measure
8. Assembling parts Pencil, ruler, screwdriver, screwdriver, screws (30x40)
9. Fastening the bottom and lid Self-tapping screws, screwdriver, screwdriver
10. Attaching the mounting rail to the rear wall Screwdriver, self-tapping screws
Cleaning edges and surfaces Sanding paper
H
birdhouse design
G 
manufactured product
Outline of an extracurricular event for the title “Young Carpenter” for students in grades 6-7 during the subject week on technology
Target: Formation of students’ skills in making bird houses.
Tasks: 1. To consolidate students’ knowledge of carpentry operations.
2. Develop practical skills in performing carpentry operations.
3. To instill in students a work culture and respect for living nature (caring for birds).
Equipment and tools: technological maps for making a birdhouse, drawings of a birdhouse (separately), rulers, carpenter's squares, pencils, hacksaws, planes, surface thicknessers, rotators, drills, hammers, birdhouse parts blanks.
Progress of the event:
2. Introductory briefing.
The teacher introduces students to the drawing of the product and explains the sequence of its manufacture according to the technological map. He asks you to be extremely careful and follow the points of the technological map. Pays special attention to the quality of the product. Reminds me of the saying “Measure twice, cut once.” Provides instructions on compliance with safety regulations and wishes you successful work. Each participant is assigned a number. Time to make a birdhouse is 2 hours.
During the manufacture of birdhouses, members of the commission (judges) monitor the correct execution of technological operations and compliance with safety regulations, correct them and mark them on violation cards.
During the entire period of production of the product, in order to create a good emotional mood for the contestants, light music is played.
After the time has elapsed, the commission stops work, and the competitors hand over their products for evaluation and summing up.
Final table of participants in the “Young Carpenter” competition
Note: 1. Each parameter is assessed using a 5-point system.
2.Total number of points – 30.
3. A point will be deducted for one violation of the safety rules.
Violations record card
1 - front wall; 2 - back wall; 3 - side wall (2 pcs.); 4 - bottom; 5 - liner; 6 - roof (weight of wood parts, do not plan their internal planes)
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The content of the work |
Sketches |
Tools and accessories |
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1. Make the front and back walls |
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Ruler, carpenter's square, pencil, hacksaw, plane, thicknesser |
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2. Mark the center of the hole in the front wall. Drill a hole |
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Ruler, pencil, carpenter's square, brace, drill |
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3. Make two side walls |
| |
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4. Make a birdhouse lid |
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Ruler, pencil, carpenter's square, thicknesser, hacksaw, plane |
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5. Make the bottom and liner |
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Ruler, pencil, carpenter's square, thicknesser, hacksaw, plane |
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6. Nail the liner to the lid 7. Connect the front and back walls with the side walls using nails. Nail the bottom to the walls of the birdhouse. Install the cover with liner |
Ruler, pencil, carpenter's square, hammer |
