No matter how much we would like to immediately consider the irrigation systems as a whole, we will start with the “heart” of any country water supply system - the pump. After all, the system cannot exist without it.
There are a huge number of types and models of pumps, and the choice depends on what they are needed for - for water supply or drainage, circulation, etc. The water supply pumps that interest us are very diverse, and not by chance. Each of them must “adapt” to given specific conditions and, above all, to the source of water: well, borehole, pond, lake, river, swimming pool, etc. After all, each source has its own specific characteristics...
Performance and pressure are the main characteristics of any pump. Capacity (l/min. or m³/hour) - the volume of water that the pump is capable of pumping per unit of time. Pressure is the height to which the pump can deliver water. Both indicators depend on the pressure that the pump develops. All this must be kept in mind when choosing, taking into account the need for water both for domestic needs and for irrigation, taking into account the height of the living space, the size of the plot, etc. To do this, you need to draw up a plan of the plot and house with water collection points, but On average, a pump with a capacity of 1 m³/hour can be used for irrigation, and for the domestic needs of a family of 3-4 people - 3 m³/hour. In this case, the maximum pressure should ensure the supply of water to the most remote points of the site.
Obviously, it is not so easy to constantly maintain and manually control the operation of an entire, sometimes very extensive, water supply system. Therefore, as a rule, the pump is supplemented with two main elements - a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch. In short, the first allows you to regulate the pressure in the system and thereby protects the pump from frequent switching on, reduces the likelihood of water hammer, and increases the efficiency and durability of the pump. The second controls the operating mode of the pump depending on the pressure in the system. As a result, we get a pumping station (PS). The elements of the NS are commercially available, so you can assemble it yourself. Instead of a hydraulic accumulator and relay, some models are equipped with an electronic control system with the same functions, but regulating the pressure more precisely. There are also more complex and very expensive monitoring and control systems that operate with minimal human participation or even autonomously... Such NS are already called ANS - automatic pumping stations.
In this case, there is no choice - only manual. It is relatively inexpensive, weighs 20-25 kg. Its action is based on the principle of a lever, like, for example, a jack or a well “crane”. Of course, you cannot do without physical effort, but it is much less than what you will spend carrying water from a well or pond in buckets. In addition, the hand pump is very fast - it can “dispense” 25-40 liters of water per minute, depending on the frequency of the effort applied (try manually pulling a bucket out of a well or pond every 20 seconds!). Relatively inexpensive hand pumps can lift water from ponds and lakes; shallow (up to 7 m) wells. With the help of others, more expensive ones, you can get water from wells and boreholes up to 15-30 m deep.
However, for summer residents, who were not spared by the “electrification of the entire country,” the choice of pumps is much wider. To make a more specific decision, you must know the depth of the source from which the water will be drawn.
If the depth of the reservoir or well is no more than 7-9 m, then a surface pump is suitable. It is located outside, a hose of the required length is lowered into the water, and at the output they receive water, which goes through the hose to the irrigation system or for domestic needs. Surface pumps are relatively cheap, small-sized, simple in design and light in weight; many models do not require complex maintenance. They are connected to the electrical network, like any household appliance, and are equipped with protection against electric shock. The electric motor has external airflow and turns off when overheated.
Surface pumps can supply water up to a height of 30-50 m, some even higher. Surface pumps are produced by the Italian Speroni, the German-Danish Grundfos and many other companies. Of ours, the Kama 10 model (1200 rubles) is popular, but Agidel (and its Belarusian analogue Palesse) costs the same 1200-1250 rubles. - unreliable and outdated for a long time; back in 1991 they were going to remove it, but they never took it out of production.
Surface pumps are vortex and centrifugal. Centrifugal ones extract water from greater depths than vortex ones, but vortex ones can work in shallow, almost several-centimeter layers of water, giving 2-4 times more pressure than centrifugal ones with the same impeller diameter.
They are more compact and therefore 2-3 times cheaper than similar centrifugal ones. But all vortex pumps have a serious drawback - they are more “picky” about the quality of water; sand is especially dangerous for them, even in small quantities, which practically disables the pump. Therefore, it is better to use them for settled water or water without solid suspensions. Some more expensive models are equipped with an ejector - a special device that allows you to extract water from great depths. All pumps with an ejector are quite noisy; in addition, they require regular cleaning and lubrication of parts. But vortex pumps, even without an ejector, produce a loud and extremely unpleasant high-pitched sound during operation, so it is better to “house” them away from living quarters.
But what if water needs to be extracted from a well or well deeper than 9 m? Then you will have to purchase a submersible pump. The name itself says that such a pump must be in water. The submersible pump takes up little space and is almost silent.
There are well and borehole pumps, and a well pump can also be used for a fairly wide well. Well, well pumps themselves are designed for fairly narrow wells and have a fundamentally different, more complex design; therefore they are almost an order of magnitude more expensive than well pumps. Both types of pumps are cylindrical in shape, but well pumps are “wider”; their engine is used more efficiently, productivity is higher, and the cost is lower than that of well pumps with the same pressure and power consumption. Well pumps are less sensitive to solid particles contained in water and have better cooling, which reduces the risk of overheating during long-term continuous operation. Equipped with automatic float switches that are triggered when the water level drops below the set level and when the set level is reached. Since Soviet times, the so-called vibration models of inexpensive submersible pumps “Malysh” and its modifications have been popular. They are reliable in operation and maintenance due to the simplicity of their design - they have no rotating parts. Such a pump does not require lubrication or preventive maintenance, operates almost silently, is economical, weighs no more than 4 kg, and is protected from overheating.
● The material from which it is made. High-quality plastic or stainless steel is desirable. For a pump with bearings, it is best if the latter are made of ceramic.
● It is desirable to have a soft start system for the engine.
● Pay attention to the presence of protection devices against water penetration, dry running, motor overload, and power surges.
● It is necessary to find out what additional functions the pump has, whether the kit includes parts such as a dirt filter, pressure gauges, check valve, and whether otherwise it is possible to purchase them separately.
● Compare the characteristics of “your” water with the data in the instructions; find out the conditions of installation, operation, warranty obligations, and the possibility of normal service.
Every owner of a summer house or personal plot with a well must have equipment that will allow water to be pumped out of it. Such devices are especially needed if water from a well is used as drinking water. The best and only way to extract water is a pump. Selecting pumps for wells is an important task for those who own a piece of land. It is necessary to select the equipment correctly, otherwise the pump will supply water intermittently, there will be poor pressure, or the device itself will eventually suffer serious damage.
What parameters should be used to select pumping systems? Mainly it all depends on what parameters of the well itself(wells).
The very first parameter that needs to be measured is the total depth of the well. In order to clarify this issue, it is enough to make simple measurements. A weight is hung on a thread and this structure is lowered into the well until the bottom is reached. You can also look at documents that set out engineering calculations; often the depth of the well can be indicated there.
Another indicator that you need to know is the water column. It is measured from the bottom of the well to the water surface.
Not the last criterion in the choice is such a parameter as the level of pollution and purity of the water. The fact is that water supply systems are divided into several types, some of which cannot be operated under conditions of a certain level of pollution. To avoid breakdowns of some types of pumps, you need to use them only if your well has clean or slightly contaminated water.
If a well serves as a source of water in a garden or summer cottage, then it is also necessary to take into account its diameter when choosing a water system, so that choose the right dimensions. If you are dealing with a well, then this indicator is not important, since you can use devices of any size.
In order to correctly select a pumping system, it is necessary to take into account not only the parameters of the well on your site, but also the parameters of the unit itself, based on which you can draw a conclusion about how high-quality and efficient the purchased water supply device for the site will be.
The two most important indicators on which the choice of pump will directly depend are its performance and pressure which he is able to provide.
The pressure of the device is indicated in its data sheet. You need to choose this figure slightly larger than what is needed. This is due to the fact that over time the mechanism pumping water will wear out and the unit will work worse.
How to find out what pump pressure to choose specifically for your well?
For this, there is a special formula that needs to be calculated. To calculate what pump pressure is needed in a particular area, you need to know exact distance from the well to the house and from the ground surface of the well to the immersion level of the unit.
Productivity is the amount of water that a pump can pump over a certain period of time. How to calculate this indicator? It's actually not difficult at all. It all depends on how many devices that need water supply are located on the site. Each of them uses approximately 500 liters of water in one hour. That is, if there are, say, three appliances that need to be supplied with water, then each of them requires 500 liters of water per hour, for a total of 1500 liters per hour.
They differ from each other in that the first type can be buried more than 8 meters into the water, while the second type is not intended to work at such depths, due to the fact that it the housing is not sealed.
Surface pumps have a number of disadvantages that will affect the quality of water supply in the house and area.
Submersible pumps do not have these disadvantages. They carry out their work silently. They can be immersed in water to great depths. They have a very high productivity rate. They are ideal for absolutely any well, even very deep ones. Another advantage of this type is that liquid flows through their body, which allows the electric motor of the device to cool.
There is also a division of these devices into borehole and well. It is preferable to use borehole pumps only for pumping water from a well. Well pumps are more versatile, they are ideal for wells of any size, and are also suitable for pumping water from a well. Therefore, when choosing, of course, you need to consider why you are purchasing the unit.
The market offers site owners a large selection of pumps from various manufacturers.
The most popular of them:
To ensure high efficiency of pumps, it is important not only to make the right choice of device, it is also necessary follow the operating rules.
By following all the rules for the selection and operation of pumping systems, you will ensure quality water supply your personal or summer cottage plot, as well as all the buildings located on it.
Residents of the private sector, owners of houses, dachas, cottages, feeling a certain lack of “civilization” in the highest sense of this concept, always strive to become independent from the less than perfect water supply system in their area. Interruptions in the water supply, frequent shutdowns, low pressure and low pressure in the water supply network and the associated low quality of water force suburban residents to acquire an autonomous pumping station that is in no way connected to the central water supply system. In addition to the pipeline network, a water pump will be required in the entrusted area.
The range of these devices presented on the modern market is quite wide. Today, choosing a water pump is not a difficult task, and purchasing it is not problematic only if you know the main purpose and conditions of its use. Let’s talk in more detail about what you need to know about water pumps and their parameters so as not to make a mistake in your choice.
Despite the great variety of their modifications, two large groups can be distinguished - professional and household use.
The information that will be contained in our article is most needed by ordinary consumers - owners of private houses. Therefore, we will talk about household units. If in urban apartment buildings the problem of supplying hot water can be solved by installing a boiler, as well as a single- or double-circuit gas boiler, then in a private house it is more acceptable to use a household pump for these purposes.
Depending on the purpose of use, household pumps can be divided into drainage pumps (for pumping liquids, including those with solid suspensions), circulation pumps (for in-house heating systems) and water units (for water supply systems). All options differ in their operational features, knowledge of which will allow you to choose the right type correctly.
Pumps are divided into:
An external water pump takes water from open natural or artificial reservoirs (pools, wells, rivers), from ditches, pits, and from water supply systems. Such a unit sucks up water using a pipe or tube, one end of which is lowered into the water. You need to know that a filter and a check valve are installed at the end of such an intake pipe. Putting such a pump into operation is a labor-intensive task due to the fact that the working area and its intake pipe must be filled with water. Indicators such as the power of the pumping unit, on the one hand, and the depth from which water is sucked in; the height to which the water column rises; volume of water per minute (productivity), on the other hand, are interdependent.
The average value of these indicators:
External pumps are divided into vortex pumps (cheap, high-performance, with strong pressure, for extracting water from small wells) and centrifugal pumps (for pumping water out of wells and deep wells).
Submersible pumps deliver water from wells and boreholes. In this case, the body is completely immersed in water, below its surface level. Therefore, this option, which does not require dry-running protection, has the advantage of eliminating the problem of filling the system and causing air locks.
Injection pumps suck water from a depth of more than 10 meters. Their main difference is that they are equipped with two suction pipes of different diameters, at the end of which there are special nozzles - injectors. It is thanks to the injector that the device successfully sucks water from great depths.
We all know well that the goal determines the means. The pump model is selected taking into account the purpose of its use - for pumping water (from a flooded basement, pit), for watering farmland or for delivering drinking water and water for domestic needs.
When watering beds and flower beds, you will most likely need a submersible pump (drainage pump), which will deliver water with a high level of contaminants from a nearby reservoir. It is also suitable for draining a flooded cellar.
To deliver clean water you will need a surface, borehole or submersible well pump.
For a plumbing or heating system in which a large volume of water must be circulated, a circulation pump is chosen.
Now, having an idea about different types of pumps, you can familiarize yourself with other, more detailed parameters of such installations in order to know exactly what choice to make.
The basic characteristics by which the efficiency of a pumping unit is assessed are:
Productivity and water pressure depend on the pressure created in the system.
The pressure indicator in the pump depends on its specific model, which is calculated based on the size of the area being served, the quality of domestic needs, and groundwater.
For example, to meet the household needs of a family of three to five people, you will need a device with a capacity of 3-4 m 3 per hour. For construction and excavation work, productivity should be 1-2 m 3 per hour.
The following required parameters of the pumping unit:
How to choose water pumps based on automation system parameters? To do this, you should know that the efficiency of the device is increased due to such automatic elements as a pressure switch and a hydraulic accumulator.
The pressure switch controls the pressure in the water supply system, providing control over the functionality of the pump in all its main operating modes.
The hydraulic accumulator, which controls the operating pressure in the water supply system, increases the service life of the equipment due to the fact that at the moment of overload it prevents the installation from shutting down.
When choosing a water pump, do not forget about the consumable components and auxiliary equipment, which, in addition to the hydraulic accumulator, include replaceable filters, hoses, taps, adapters, metal-plastic pipes, electronic control parts, cables.
Such a careful approach to choosing a pump model and its components based on individual calculations specifically for your water supply system will allow it to function successfully for many decades. It is hardly worth saving by underestimating the importance of equipment, on which the efficiency and quality of your plumbing system will depend.
When purchasing a water pump, you should also not forget about the possibility of high-quality service and the manufacturer’s warranty.
This video explains the types of pumps.
And this is a more detailed story about the types of pumps.
Water towel dryers are the most common in Russian homes. In most cases, in accordance with the requirements of building standards, the bathroom is equipped with a heated towel rail powered by a heating or hot water supply system. As a result, the question of how to choose a water heated towel rail for the bathroom remains open.
Form is everything
Today there are 2 main forms of water heated towel rails - coil And ladder.
Advantages of choice coil:
Disadvantages of a coil:
Today, coils are made in a variety of shapes: M, P, MP, S, F - all these shapes serve mainly for additional comfort and increased heat transfer, so that the heat of the liquid passing through the coil is distributed evenly.
It is better to find out which option to buy from an AquaNerzh company consultant. He will tell you how to choose a coil according to the size of your bathroom.
If you decide to choose a water heated towel rail for your bathroom and choose the ladder option, carefully consider connecting to the public network. To do this, you will have to call a qualified plumber who has made similar connections more than once.
Advantages ladders:
Disadvantages of the ladder:
What else is important when choosing a water heated towel rail for the bathroom?
One of the main parameters is the operating pressure for which the heated towel rail and all additional accessories are designed. All AquaNerzh products have passed appropriate tests and are fully suitable for use in apartment buildings.
We produce heated towel rails from seamless, seamless stainless steel pipes of high strength. This means that the pipe is not afraid of water hammer or other loads that usually occur in the water supply system of a high-rise apartment building.
If you are thinking about how to choose a water heated towel rail for your bathroom with additional functions, take a closer look at the option with a shelf. On the shelf you can store dry laundry or hygiene products that will always remain dry.
Can't decide on a heated towel rail? Do you want to clarify the correct choice from a specialist? Call AquaNerzh! We can help you choose the perfect water heated towel rail that's right for your bathroom.
The operation of a well is impossible without the use of a mandatory component of its arrangement - a pump. After all, a bucket is absolutely not suitable for collecting water from a narrow trunk. In addition, lifting from the depths and transporting water manually would take too much effort and time. I don’t want to waste either one or the other, do you agree?
Properly selected pumping equipment will fill containers in a bathhouse, home, or garden in a matter of minutes. Now it is possible to purchase equipment to service an object of any size. On its basis, you can easily build an automatic water supply system that does not depend on centralized supplies and the participation of owners in the pumping process.
We will tell you in great detail how to choose a pump for a well, what the future owner of the device needs to take into account and provide. A scrupulous explanation of important points for the user is supplemented with photos and video guides.
Before purchasing a suitable pump for a well, you need to clarify a number of indicators of your structure:
