The structural system of the crossbar-less prefabricated reinforced concrete frame KUB-2.5 allows for a variety of climatic conditions to almost completely ensure the construction of the entire range of urban structures: housing, administrative, social, cultural and domestic buildings, multi-level garages, warehouses, some industrial buildings (with spans up to 12 m).
All reinforced concrete structures the systems make it possible to design (construct) buildings up to the first degree of fire resistance, which ensures its use for buildings of various heights: cottages, low-rise and multi-storey (up to 75 meters) buildings.
The minimum number of vertical frame elements and the absence of crossbars allows you to create free layouts of premises within the boundaries of load-bearing and enclosing structures for various purposes. Partitions can be located anywhere architectural plan both during design and construction, and during the operation of the building. The system provides the possibility of redevelopment of premises in accordance with any current needs during the operation of the building without compromising the structural stability of the building (gives freedom in organization on the first floors in residential buildings offices, shops, sports and recreational and residential complexes).
The supporting frame of the building consists only of internal elements(columns, floors and, if necessary, connections or diaphragms). Almost any facade solutions can be used as external enclosing structures (walls): lightweight, heat-efficient stone (including brick-lined), various hanging panels, ventilated facades, stained glass fences, etc.
The “CUBE” system allows you to cantilever the floor slabs beyond the axes of the outer columns (up to 1.5 m) and give the slabs, along their outer edge, almost any shape in plan. The system contains limitless possibilities for enriching the plasticity of facades, which can satisfy any, the most sophisticated tastes, and are limited only by the imagination of the architect, the customer’s requests and the requirements of the standards.
As of today Russian market The structural system of the crossbarless frame "KUB-2.5" is the only one in which the crossbarless frame is fully prefabricated.
The frame of a building (structure) in a structural frameless frame system is a spatial structure, such as a “shelf” of prefabricated, prefabricated monolithic or monolithic design. Columns serve as frame supports, floor slabs serve as crossbars, and braces or diaphragms are used for stiffening elements. In this case, any staircases, ventilation units, elevator shafts can be used, mastered by manufacturing plants. Load bearing capacity floors allow the use of the frame in buildings with a load intensity per floor of no more than 1300 kg/m2 (modification KUB-2.5K up to 2500 kg/m2).
At the core structural system"KUB-2.5" contains an original unit for connecting two main elements - a panel and a column using an embedded part - a steel shell of a special design connected to reinforcement cages located in the body of the panel. The concrete in this unit operates under conditions of all-round compression, as a result of which it self-strengthens. This made it possible to avoid welding at the joint of the columns; only assembly seams are present in the assembly.
The joints of the elements that make up the transomless frame as a whole are monolithic, forming a frame structural system, the crossbars of which are the floors.
The division of the floor is designed in such a way that the joints of the panels are located in zones where the magnitude of the bending moments is zero.
An important advantage of the system is the possibility of using higher classes of concrete (up to B60) in columns, which affects the results of reinforcement and the preservation of typical cross sections columns 400×400. Columns manufactured at construction site(in monolithic housing construction) can have a concrete class of up to B30, and this imposes corresponding restrictions on the design of racks.
External walls are not load-bearing, there is no need to build foundations under them, and they do not need to be designed as strong as is done in frameless buildings. The load on the base of the frame is 25% lower than in a monolithic version. Regardless of the ground conditions, the volume of foundations required to distribute forces to the foundation from the above-ground part of buildings made in the structures of the “KUB-2.5” system will always be minimal, because The dead weight of the frame is also minimal due to the achieved optimization of all sections.
Transom-less frame structures are intended for use in various regions of Russia, including areas with seismicity of 7-9 points.
The strength of the KUB-2.5 frame structures is confirmed by technical calculations and numerous tests:
IN last years More than a thousand objects have been built in Russia and abroad using the KUB-2.5 transomless frame.
The universal structural system "KUB-2.5" is highly industrialized, which is expressed in a high degree of factory readiness of its constituent elements. All elements are produced in factories reinforced concrete products.
At the construction site, only the installation of finished elements is carried out using mechanized means, thereby ensuring a high pace of construction.
The factory technology used in the system for manufacturing building elements allows the maximum transfer of labor costs of builders to the workshop conditions, thereby significantly reducing the risks of both natural and human factors on the construction site.
When developing the frame of the KUB system, solutions were applied that significantly reduce construction process erection of the building frame:
In addition, the installation of the frame can be carried out in any weather, and a small number of workers on the construction site reduces the likelihood of using unskilled labor.
Reinforced concrete structures of the KUB-2.5 system are not only rational, but also optimal due to the solutions embedded in them. Rationality is expressed in reasonably substantiated, thoughtful constructive solutions, providing a minimum number building materials(steel and concrete) and labor costs.
Material savings:
Labor savings:
The universal structural system of prefabricated monolithic crossbar-less frame “KUB-2.5” is designed on the basis of developed and proven methods, which significantly reduces the time required to complete the work.
The fabrication and construction of the frame is carried out on the basis of a time-tested effective organization construction production.
The mechanical ratio of labor at all levels of production of prefabricated reinforced concrete products and installation of frames reaches 90%.
All-weather, versatility and flow-rate construction of the frame, as well as preliminary design studies make it possible to fairly accurately plan the construction period.
Precast concrete does not require electrical heating, which saves energy costs.
The speed of construction reduces the operating time of tower cranes, and therefore the rent for their operation.
The use of a prefabricated reinforced concrete frame of the KUB-2.5 system actually reduces construction time and reduces its cost.
Over the past month, I’ve heard “fi” a couple of times in the direction of monolithic house construction. Like, low rates, low quality and the inability to fully control the same quality on site. Of course, this was announced during the construction of houses made of prefabricated reinforced concrete. Of course, everyone will praise their technology, but nevertheless... Precast concrete is widely used in house construction and it has a huge number of advantages. As I recently found out, it can even be used to make houses with an open plan, which previously was always presented as an advantage of only monolithic construction.
In 2014, the Moscow Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning Council of the Moscow Region formulated new requirements for industrial residential development.
- Varying the number of storeys of the building.
- Flexible planning solutions.
- Variety of façade solutions.
- A variety of space-planning solutions for corner sections and the possibility of placing sections offset relative to each other.
- Organization of public space on the 1st floor and special façade solutions for the 1st floor level.
All this is implemented in this project. Let's see how the modern business-class residential complex "Yauza-Park" is being built on Krasnobogatyrskaya Street.
The house is being built using KUB-2.5 technology - a universal structural system of a prefabricated monolithic frame without crossbars, consisting of vertical columns and flat floor panels. 2.5 - project version.
1. First, about the project as a whole. This is a building of variable number of floors of 18-20-18 floors, designed for 352 apartments. The house presents nine options for apartment solutions ranging from 40.45 to 98.8 square meters. m. with kitchens of at least 10 sq.m.
2. A spacious two-level underground parking, which is designed for 376 parking spaces, is equipped with an elevator that goes down from the residential part of the building directly to the parking lot. Guest surface parking for 75 parking spaces, surface parking for residents of the complex for 40 parking spaces and 9 parking spaces for people with limited mobility. As a result, they promise to get the concept of a yard without cars. Naturally, children's playgrounds, recreation areas, a dog walking area and other infrastructure. Please note that the number of parking spaces is even greater than the number of apartments. It seems to me that this is a good application for victory in the “comfortable yard without carts” category.
3. The price of apartments ranges from 8 (one-room apartment) to 18 (three rubles) million rubles. The price of a parking space will be about a million rubles. At the moment, more than half of the apartments have already been sold. The apartment is offered unfinished with a single brick layout on the floor. Then residents can do as they please. Look at the layout - there is no apartment inside load-bearing walls. Only two or three columns.
4. Two-level underground parking. For construction, a pit more than 20 meters deep was dug to remove the cultural layer of the garbage dump. The pit fencing is sheet piling with anchor fastening.
5. According to the given concept, the first floor is not residential - there is a public area there. The walls, as you can see, are made of brick.
6. On residential floors, walls made of aerated concrete blocks are used.
7. The facade is hinged, with insulation. In general, everything is standard here. Each apartment will have regular place for installing the outdoor unit of the air conditioner.
8. Another requirement of the concept was the absence of straight facades and right angles between sections. All this required small amount monolithic works, of course.
9. Now about KUB-2.5. The system is intended for the construction of residential and public buildings up to 25 floors, ground multi-level parking lots. The frame consists of vertical multi-tiered columns without protruding parts and floor slabs that act as crossbars. The set consists of four main forms - column and slabs: above-column, inter-column and middle.
10. Possibility of designing buildings: with spans of 3, 6, 12 and 18 meters; with column spacing from 3 to 7.5 m; floor height 2.8; 3.0; 3.3; 4.2; 4.5 m. Rigidity diaphragms are installed between the columns. All diaphragms are located between the apartments, and thus inside the apartments an open space with a pair of columns is obtained.
11. Installed column with two stiffening diaphragms. The recess in it is a place for mortgages and monolithic joints with the ceiling.
12. Columns are inserted into each other. In fact, it's a huge LEGO.
13. Expansion joint between sections. This passage will not exist in the future and the residential sections will be completely isolated from each other.
14. Installation cantilever slab ceilings - the so-called above-column. It is put on the column and fixed on the racks while work is going on at the junction.
16. Of these, for example. Please note that the floor slabs have no internal holes. This allows them to be made significantly thinner than traditional slabs.
17. All communications are made in a single riser, from where all wiring is carried out to all apartments on the floor.
18. Hood. On the left there are holes for sewer riser. Please note that the ventilation consists of two channels. The big one is the main channel that goes through all floors. And the small one is the exit from the apartment. Below there is a garbage receptacle (for each floor), if something falls into the ventilation from your apartment (I wonder how?) it will remain there.
19. Common corridor between diaphragms.
20. Views from the upper floors. Up to six floors are being built per month. As the developer will assure you, this is faster than a monolith. And overall 10% cheaper.
21. There is a large program for the reconstruction of the Yauza embankments. All that remains is to wait for its implementation.
22. Territory former factory"Red Hero"
23. Neighboring buildings. Many people who buy apartments in a new building are residents from the area.
24. Mainly buys for old parents or young families. There are a lot of employees from the IT sector - during the crisis it turned out to be the most stable.
25. The house is scheduled for delivery in the last quarter of this year.
Historical information about beamless floors.
Beamless floors have been used in construction multi-storey buildings at the beginning of the last century. In 1906, in the USA, at the suggestion of engineer Thorner, and in 1908 in Moscow, under the leadership of A.F. Loleit, a four-story building for a dairy products warehouse was designed and built, then in 1910, a building with beamless floors was erected in Switzerland.
Over the course of its century-long history, beamless floors have undergone significant changes in designs, calculation methods and areas of application. The first modification of beamless floors was floors with capitalless columns.
Beamless floors with capitalless columns represent the ultimate simple designs, consisting of reinforced concrete slabs of the same thickness and columns of constant cross-section. This simplifies formwork work, as well as reinforcement work and concreting. Due to the fact that in capitalless structures the columns have a constant cross-section, they are easy to mate with walls and partitions between the columns. Therefore they are convenient for administrative buildings and residential buildings.
In the 60s, in TsNIIEP housing under the leadership of A.E. Dorfman and JI. N. Levontina developed designs for a beamless capital-less ceiling for a high-rise hotel in Vladivostok. Such a reinforced concrete frame was called a “unified frame without crossbars” (KUB-1). Subsequently, modified versions of the KUB series systems were developed for various loads and manufacturing conditions. One of them was a unified prefabricated monolithic frame USMBK, developed for the USSR Ministry of Defense. Based on the experience gained as a result of using all modifications of systems created on the basis of KUB-1, a system was developed building structures KUB–2.5.
Since 2008, Glavstroy Development has been the patent holder of the KUB-2.5 System. This system is used throughout Russia. In Moscow, buildings on Preobrazhenskaya Square, Klyazminskaya Street, Cosmonaut Volkov Street, etc. were built using this system.
The frame of a building (structure) in a structural frameless frame system is a spatial structure, such as a “shelf” of prefabricated, prefabricated monolithic or monolithic design. Columns serve as frame supports, floor slabs serve as crossbars, and braces or diaphragms are used for stiffening elements. Standard staircases, ventilation units, and elevator shafts can be used. The load-bearing capacity of the floors allows the use of the frame in buildings with a load intensity per floor of up to 1300 kg/m2 (modification "KUB-2.5K" up to 2500 kg/m2).
The “CUBE 2.5” structural SYSTEM is based on an original unit for connecting two main elements - a panel and a column using an embedded material - a steel shell of a special design connected to reinforcement cages located in the body of the panel. The concrete in this unit operates under conditions of all-round compression, as a result of which it self-strengthens. This made it possible to avoid welding at the joint of the columns; only assembly seams are present in the assembly.
The division of the floor is designed in such a way that the joints of the panels are located in zones where the magnitude of the bending moments is zero. The joints of the elements that make up the transomless frame as a whole are monolithic, forming a frame structural system, the crossbars of which are the floors.
An important advantage of the system is the ability to use high-grade concrete (up to B60) in columns, which affects the results of reinforcement and maintains the typical cross-sections of 400*400 columns. Columns manufactured on a construction site (in monolithic housing construction) can have a concrete class of up to B30, and this imposes corresponding restrictions on the design of racks.
The load on the base of a building built using the CUBE-2.5 SYSTEM frame is 25% less than that of a similar monolithic one. The dead weight of the frame is minimal due to the achieved optimization of all sections. Regardless of the ground conditions, the volume of foundations required to distribute forces on the foundation from the above-ground part of buildings made in “KUB-2.5” structures will always be lower.
Transom-less frame structures are intended for use in various regions of Russia, including areas with seismicity of 7-9 points.
Transomless reinforced concrete frame systems in modern construction
Prefabricated reinforced concrete frame "KUB-2.5" is a universal structure for the construction of residential, public and industrial buildings both in normal construction conditions and in areas with seismicity of no more than 9 points inclusive on a 12-point scale. The universal structural system “KUB-2.5” makes it possible, in a variety of climatic, relief, and seismic conditions, to almost completely ensure the construction of residential buildings, social and cultural buildings, warehouse complexes, multi-tiered parking lots, etc. - i.e. implement residential development and the objects of the industrial and communal zone under it in a single design key, in a single technology for the manufacture and installation of building structures.
Residential buildings, social facilities, administrative buildings - dozens and hundreds of objects were erected during this time using a frameless frame in many cities of Russia and the CIS - Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kyiv and many other cities.
Picture 1
Axonometric view of load-bearing structures
a) and moment diagrams (b) of the crossbar-less frame “Cube-2.5”: NK - above-column slab; MK - intercolumn slab; PVC plate insert; K-column
Today, the KUB-2.5 non-transom frame structural construction system is the only one on the Russian market building system, in which the frame is fully prefabricated, only the joints between the structural elements of the frame are monolithic: the column and the slab. This makes its use promising in the North, where the use of monolithic reinforced concrete is limited by natural factors. The factory technology used in this system for the production of building elements transfers the labor costs of builders to the workshop as much as possible, thereby significantly reducing the risks of both natural and human factors on the construction site, and also significantly reduces construction time.
The design of the crossbar-less frame of the KUB-2.5 system is a frame (frame-braced) prefabricated monolithic frame with capitalless ceilings (Fig. 1, a). The division of the floor is designed in such a way that the joints of the panels are located in zones where the magnitude of the bending moments is zero (Fig. 1, b). Spatial rigidity is ensured by the monolithic connection of elements (floors and columns) and, if necessary, the inclusion of braces or diaphragms in the system.
The developed frame structures provide floor heights of 2.8 m, 3.0 m, and 3.3 m with a main grid of columns of 6.0 x 6.0 m. Spans of 3.0 m, 6.0 m and 12.0 m are possible.
Figure 2 Options for external enclosing structures of the crossbar-less frame “Cube-2.5”
The structural system of the transomless frame has 2 load-bearing elements: a column and a floor panel, which makes it possible to construct external enclosing structures in various options. External walls, according to their static function, can be either curtain walls (Fig. 2, a-b) or self-supporting (Fig. 2, c). Material: concrete, foam blocks, brick. Insulation can be located both on the inside and on the outside, including using ventilated facades. As interior walls and partitions, structures made of various materials can also be used.
Figure 3 Options for floor slabs and joints of floor slabs
crossbar-less frame "Cube-2.5"
Flat floor panels are used in two modifications: single-module with dimensions 2980x2980x160 mm (maximum size 2980x5980x160 mm) and two-module with dimensions 2980x5980x160 mm.
Single-module floor panels are divided depending on their location in the frame (Fig. 3,b) into:
above-column, inter-column, middle (insert slabs).
Two-module panels are formed by combining two adjacent panels: above-column and inter-column; intercolumnar and middle (Fig. 3, a).
The use of two-module panels is preferable, as this allows you to double the installation time and save on caulking joints.
When installing the panels, the reinforcing outlets of the ends are combined in such a way that a loop is formed into which the reinforcement is inserted and then tied (Fig. 3, c). The seams between the slabs are used to pass utility lines.
The columns are designed in two types: a section of 400x400 mm with a maximum length of 14600 mm and a section of 200x400 mm with a maximum length of 9200 mm (Fig. 4, 5).
At the floor level, the columns have exposed reinforcement (Fig. 4).
Figure 4 Columns of the crossbar-less frame “Cube-2.5”
Figure 5 Columns and joints of columns of the crossbar-less frame “Cube-2.5”
The joint of the columns requires forced installation, in which the fixing rod of the lower end of the upper column must enter the nozzle of the upper end of the lower column (Fig. 5, c). In this case, the installation of formwork is not required, welding of reinforcement is not provided, and construction labor intensity is reduced. The column also has vertical marks on all vertical faces for ease of geodetic control when installing columns (Fig. 5,b).
The interface between two main elements - the panel and the column - was developed using an embedded part - a steel shell (Fig. 5d), connected to reinforcement cages located in the body of the panel. The concrete in this unit operates under conditions of all-round compression, as a result of which it self-strengthens. This made it possible to avoid welding at the joint of the columns.
The assembly contains only assembly seams. Installation of structures
, making up the transomless frame as a whole, is carried out in the following order: first, the columns are installed, aligned and embedded in the foundation glasses; then the above-column panels are installed at the design level and welded to the column reinforcement; after this, the intercolumn and middle panels are mounted “dry” using concrete mounting tables (Fig. 3d) provided for by the design of the panels; joints between panels are concreted
The practice of using the unified transomless capitalless frame of the KUB-2.5 system has shown its advantages over other systems:
Today, this is practically the only system that really gives complete freedom of planning decisions (Fig. 6). With its help, you can build buildings with a height of 2 to 25 floors, with any floor height. Compared with traditional technologies
For the construction of multi-storey buildings, this technology is economical: the reduced consumption of concrete and steel gives an overall reduction in construction costs by 5-7%, even taking into account the costs of the factory technology for manufacturing elements.
All elements of the system, in contrast to the monolithic frame technology, are manufactured in a factory, which makes it possible to almost completely eliminate the possibility of defects, since all components of the crossbar-less frame structure undergo strict production control at the enterprise.
The next factor in determining the advantages of this building system is the high speed and ease of installation.
When constructing objects, a team of 5 people installs up to 300 m2 of floors per shift, and assembles the spatial structure at a rate of 200 m2, regardless of the time of year and weather conditions. If the installers have good skills, the frame of one section is 16- storey building can be completed in three months with the installation of all reinforced concrete elements.
By increasing the speed of frame construction and saving basic materials, overall economic efficiency is achieved up to 20% of the total cost of constructing the above-ground part, which is confirmed by calculations and practice of using the system in 27 regions of Russia.
Figure 2.5 Example of a 16-storey residential building in the “Cube-2.5” frameless frame system
"KUB-2.5" makes it possible to produce prefabricated elements of any applicable number of storeys in the same types of forms.
To implement residential development (residential and public buildings), it is necessary to have 4 types of forms: column, above-column slab, inter-column slab, middle slab. Stairs, ventilation blocks, elevator shafts can be used in any other structural system mastered by factories producing reinforced concrete products.
The use of the KUB-2.5 frame-prefabricated system in construction saves up to 28% of the total costs, which increases the profitability of the facility by approximately 60%.
Frame Unified Transomless “CUBE” is a building system, the main difference of which is the use of industrially manufactured building frame elements and their installation on the construction site. Housing developed by TsNIIEP back in Soviet time and improved by the authors of the development, who registered the invention at NPO "KUB", the prefabricated frame system is intended for the construction of buildings up to 25 floors high in 4 climatic zones with seismic resistance up to 9 points inclusive.
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Analyzing building systems in terms of cost, planning capabilities, labor costs, construction speed, architectural solutions experts agree that in the next 5-7 years, industrial prefabricated frames will confidently occupy 35-40% of the market construction technologies, displacing large-panel and frame-monolithic schemes from the leading positions, not to mention construction from small-piece materials. The arguments are quite obvious:
Firstly, frame structures more versatile - they can be used in all types of construction production - in the construction of residential and office buildings, industrial facilities, shopping and parking complexes;
secondly, the advantage of modern frame technologies the fact that they provide significantly greater freedom in the choice of architectural solutions;
thirdly, the efficiency of the prefabricated frame compared to traditional schemes, amounts to 22-28% of the total costs;
and, of course, the main indicator is a reduction in construction time, which allows the customer to quickly return the investment with a profit, and the consumer to celebrate a housewarming much earlier.
What is a prefabricated transomless frame?
Products of the KS "KUB-2.5" have a simple geometric shape and a minimum number of main standard sizes (4).
The frame consists of columns square section 400x400 mm and flat floor panels 3x3m, 160 mm thick.
Depending on their location in plan, floor panels are divided into above-column, inter-column and middle.
The division of the floor is designed in such a way that the joints of the panels are located in zones where the magnitude of the bending moments is zero. The spatial rigidity of the structure is ensured by the monolithic connection of elements (floors and columns) and, if necessary, the inclusion of connections and diaphragms in the system.
Installation of structures is carried out in the following order:
Columns are mounted and embedded in foundation glasses;
Above-column panels are installed and welded to the column reinforcement;
Inter-column and middle panels are installed.
After installing the fasteners, the seams between the panels are sealed. At the same time, the joints of the above-column slabs with the columns are sealed along the entire floor at this level.
The design of column joints provides for forced installation, in which the fixing rod of the upper column must enter the nozzle of the lower column.
The assembly contains only assembly seams.
The structural building system "KUB-2.5" has been reviewed and recommended for use
The prefabricated transomless frame system has proven itself positively in more than 30 regions of Russia. The number of its supporters and development volumes are growing every year.
