The leaf is thin. Ribbon . Band , . Wire, . Forgings and forged blanks, . Pipes, .
| Chemical composition in % steel 45 | ||
| C | 0,42 - 0,5 | |
| Si | 0,17 - 0,37 | |
| Mn | 0,5 - 0,8 | |
| Ni | up to 0.25 | |
| S | up to 0.04 | |
| P | up to 0.035 | |
| Cr | up to 0.25 | |
| Cu | up to 0.25 | |
| As | up to 0.08 | |
| Fe | ~97 | |
| Foreign analogues of steel grade 45 | ||
| USA | 1044, 1045, 1045H, G10420, G10430, G10440, G10450, M1044 | |
| Germany | 1.0503, 1.1191, 1.1193, C45, C45E, C45R, Cf45, Ck45, Cm45, Cq45 | |
| Japan | S45C, S48C, SWRCH45K, SWRCH48K | |
| France | 1C45, 2C45, AF65, C40E, C45, C45E, C45RR, CC45, XC42H1, XC42H1TS, XC45, XC45H1, XC48, XC48H1 | |
| England | 060A47, 080M, 080M46, 1449-50CS, 1449-50HS, 50HS, C45, C45E | |
| European Union | 1.1191, 2C45, C45, C45E, C45EC, C46 | |
| Italy | 1C45, C43, C45, C45E, C45R, C46 | |
| Belgium | C45-1, C45-2, C46 | |
| Spain | C45, C45E, C45k, C48k, F.114, F.1140, F.1142 | |
| China | 45, 45H, ML45, SM45, ZG310-570, ZGD345-570 | |
| Sweden | 1650, 1672 | |
| Bulgaria | 45, C45, C45E | |
| Hungary | A3, C45E | |
| Poland | 45 | |
| Romania | OLC45, OLC45q, OLC45X | |
| Czech | 12050, 12056 | |
| Austria | C45SW | |
| Australia | 1045, HK1042, K1042 | |
| Switzerland | C45, Ck45 | |
| South Korea | SM45C, SM48C | |
| Mechanical properties of steel 45 | |||||
| GOST | Delivery condition, heat treatment mode | Section, mm | σ in(MPa) | δ5 (%) | ψ % |
| 1050-88 |
Hot-rolled, forged, calibrated and silver steel of the 2nd category after normalization |
25 |
600 | 16 |
40 |
| Calibrated steel of the 5th category after hardening |
Samples | 640 | 6 | 30 | |
| 10702-78 | Steel, calibrated and calibrated with a special finish after tempering or annealing |
up to 590 |
40 | ||
| 1577-93 |
Normalized and hot rolled sheets Normalized or hot rolled strips |
80 6-25 |
590 600 |
18 16 |
40 |
| 16523-97 | Hot rolled sheet Cold rolled sheet |
up to 2 2-3,9 up to 2 2-3,9 |
550-690 | 14 15 15 16 |
|
| Mechanical properties of forgings made of steel 45 | |||||||
| Heat treatment | Section, mm | σ 0.2 (MPa) |
σ in(MPa) | δ5 (%) | ψ % | KCU(kJ/m2) | NV, no more |
| Normalization |
100-300 300-500 500-800 |
245 | 470 |
19 17 15 |
42 34 34 |
39 34 34 |
143-179 |
| up to 100 100-300 |
275 |
530 |
20 17 |
40 38 |
44 34 |
156-197 |
|
| Hardening. Vacation |
300-500 | 275 | 530 |
15 |
32 |
29 |
156-197 |
| Normalization Hardening. Vacation |
up to 100 100-300 300-500 |
315 |
570 |
17 14 12 |
38 35 30 |
39 34 29 |
167-207 |
| up to 100 100-300 up to 100 |
345 345 395 |
590 590 620 |
18 17 17 |
45 40 45 |
59 54 59 |
174-217 174-217 187-229 |
|
| Mechanical properties of steel 45 depending on tempering temperature | ||||||
| Temperature, °C | σ 0.2(MPa) | σ in(MPa) | δ5 (%) | ψ % | KCU(kJ/m2) | HB |
| Quenching 850 °C, water. Samples with a diameter of 15 mm. |
||||||
| 450 500 550 600 |
830 730 640 590 |
980 830 780 730 |
10 12 16 25 |
40 45 50 55 |
59 78 98 118 |
|
| Hardening 840 °C, workpiece diameter 60 mm. |
||||||
| 400 500 600 |
520-590 470-820 410-440 |
730-840 680-770 610-680 |
12-14 14-16 18-20 |
46-50 52-58 61-64 |
50-70 60-90 90-120 |
202-234 185-210 168-190 |
| Mechanical properties of steel 45 at elevated temperatures | |||||
| Test temperature, °C | σ 0.2(MPa) | σ in(MPa) | δ5 (%) | ψ % | KCU(kJ/m2) |
| Normalization |
|||||
| 200 300 400 500 600 |
340 255 225 175 78 |
690 710 560 370 215 |
20 22 21 23 33 |
36 44 65 67 90 |
64 66 55 39 59 |
| Specimen with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 30 mm, forged and normalized. Deformation speed 16 mm/min. Strain rate 0.009 1/s |
|||||
| 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 |
140 64 54 34 22 15 |
170 110 76 50 34 27 |
43 58 62 72 81 90 |
96 98 100 100 100 100 |
|
| Impact strength of steel 45KCU, (J/cm2) | ||||
| Т= +20 °С |
Т= -20 °С | Т= -40 °С | Т= -60 °С | Delivery status |
| Rod with a diameter of 25 mm |
||||
| 14-15 42-47 49-52 110-123 |
10-14 27-34 37-42 72-88 |
5-14 27-31 33-37 36-95 |
3-8 13 29 31-63 |
Hot rolled condition Annealing Normalization Hardening. Vacation |
| Rod with a diameter of 120 mm | ||||
| 42-47 47-52 76-80 112-164 |
24-26 32 45-55 81 |
15-33 17-33 49-56 80 |
12 9 47 70 |
Hot rolled condition Annealing Normalization Hardening. Vacation |
| Hardenability of steel 45(GOST 4543-71) | ||||||||||
| Distance from the end, mm | Note | |||||||||
| 1,5 | 3 | 4,5 | 6 | 7,5 | 9 | 12 | 16,5 | 24 | 30 | Hardening 860 °C |
| 50,5-59 |
41,5-57 | 29-54 |
25-42,5 |
23-36,5 |
22-33 |
20-31 |
29 |
26 |
24 |
Hardness for hardenability strips, HRC |
| Physical properties of steel 45 | ||||||
| T(hail) | E 10 - 5(MPa) | a 10 6(1/Deg) | l(W/(m deg)) | r(kg/m3) | C(J/(kg deg)) | R 10 9(Ohm m) |
| 20 | 2 | 7826 | ||||
| 100 | 2.01 | 11.9 | 48 | 7799 | 473 | |
| 200 | 1.93 | 12.7 | 47 | 7769 | 494 | |
| 300 | 1.9 | 13.4 | 44 | 7735 | 515 | |
| 400 | 1.72 | 14.1 | 41 | 7698 | 536 | |
| 500 | 14.6 | 39 | 7662 | 583 | ||
| 600 | 14.9 | 36 | 7625 | 578 | ||
| 700 | 15.2 | 31 | 7587 | 611 | ||
| 800 | 27 | 7595 | 720 | |||
| 900 | 26 | 708 | ||||
Decoding steel grade: grade 45 means that the steel contains 0.45% carbon, and the remaining impurities are extremely insignificant.
Application of steel 45 and heat treatment of products: The jaws of machine chucks, according to GOST instructions, are made of steel 45 and 40X. Hardness R c = 45 -50. In the jaws of four-jaw chucks, the thread hardness should be in the range R c = 35-42. Tempering of cams from steel 45 is carried out at a temperature of 220-280°, from steel 40X at 380-450° for 30-40 minutes.
Pliers, round nose pliers and hand vises are made from steels 45 and 50. For hardening, these tools are heated in assembled form, with the jaws open. Due to the fact that steels 45 and 50 are prone to the formation of hardening cracks, especially in places of sharp transitions, only the jaws need to be heated. Therefore, the best heating medium is a lead or salt bath. When heating in a chamber oven, it is necessary to ensure slow cooling of places with sharp transitions (hinge) by immersing and moving only the sponges in water (until the rest of the part darkens). Tempering is carried out at a temperature of 220-320° for 30-40 minutes. Sponge hardness R c = 42-50. Hardness is determined using an RV device or a calibrated file.
| Brief designations: | ||||
| σ in | - temporary tensile strength (tensile strength), MPa |
ε | - relative settlement at the appearance of the first crack, % | |
| σ 0.05 | - elastic limit, MPa |
J to | - ultimate torsional strength, maximum shear stress, MPa |
|
| σ 0.2 | - conditional yield strength, MPa |
σ izg | - ultimate bending strength, MPa | |
| δ5,δ 4,δ 10 | - relative elongation after rupture, % |
σ -1 | - endurance limit during bending test with a symmetric loading cycle, MPa | |
| σ compress0.05 And σ compress | - compressive yield strength, MPa |
J-1 | - endurance limit during torsion test with a symmetrical loading cycle, MPa | |
| ν | - relative shift, % |
n | - number of loading cycles | |
| s in | - short-term strength limit, MPa | R And ρ | - electrical resistivity, Ohm m | |
| ψ | - relative narrowing, % |
E | - normal modulus of elasticity, GPa | |
| KCU And KCV | - impact strength, determined on a sample with concentrators of the types U and V, respectively, J/cm 2 | T | - temperature at which properties were obtained, degrees | |
| s T | - proportionality limit (yield strength for permanent deformation), MPa | l And λ | - thermal conductivity coefficient (heat capacity of the material), W/(m °C) | |
| HB | - Brinell hardness |
C | - specific heat capacity of the material (range 20 o - T), [J/(kg deg)] | |
| H.V. |
- Vickers hardness | p n And r | - density kg/m 3 | |
| HRC uh |
- Rockwell hardness, scale C |
A | - coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20 o - T), 1/°С | |
| HRB | - Rockwell hardness, scale B |
σ t T | - long-term strength limit, MPa | |
| HSD |
- Shore hardness | G | - modulus of elasticity during torsional shear, GPa | |
Which GOST should steel 20 comply with? There is such a GOST. Usually, GOST 1050 is specified for steel 20, but this is not an entirely accurate formulation. The more complete name of this regulatory document is GOST 1050 - 88 steel 20. I emphasize that GOST 1050 - 88 for steel 20 regulates the chemical composition of this steel grade and physical properties. Any rolled product, for example: steel pipe 20, steel circle 20, steel sheet 20, and so on, has its own GOST standards, which we will discuss below.
Substitutes Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88.What steels and alloys can be used as substitutes for steel 20? Naturally, substitutes for steel 20 are steel grades that are close to it in chemical composition and physical properties. More precisely? Please - traditional substitutes for steel 20 are steel 15 and steel 25. At least an authoritative reference book - a steel brand edited by M.M. Shishkov names these steel grades as the most successful substitutes for steel 20.
Supply and types of rolled products Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88. Buy Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88.In what form of rolled products can steel 20 be supplied? This question is especially important for those who need to buy steel 20. So, the supply, and therefore the sale, of steel 20 can be carried out in a fairly wide range of rolled products. I think it’s worth a little more detail on the supply of rolled steel 20 steel.
Long and shaped steel – Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88.If you want to buy steel 20, then it is useful to know that long and shaped rolled products, when selling steel 20, comply with the following regulatory documents: GOST 1050 - 88, GOST 2590 - 88, GOST 2591 - 88, GOST 2879 - 88, GOST 8509 - 93, GOST 8510 – 86, GOST 8240 – 89, GOST 8239 – 89.
Pipe Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88.If you want to buy a steel 20 pipe, then steel 20 pipe can be produced in accordance with the following regulatory documents: GOST 10704 - 91, GOST 10705 - 80, GOST 8731 - 87, GOST 8732 - 78, GOST 8733 - 87, GOST 5654 - 76 , GOST 550 – 75. This is exactly the kind of steel 20 pipe you can find on sale.
Circle Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88.The steel 20 circle or, as it is otherwise called, steel 20 rod or steel 20 rod, is usually on sale in the form of a calibrated steel 20 circle. The steel 20 circle corresponds to the following standards: GOST 7417 - 75, GOST 8559 - 75, GOST 8560 - 78, GOST 10702 – 78.
Polished rod, wheel Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88 and silver.Steel 20 circle can also be purchased in the form of a ground rod and a piece of silver. In this type of rolled product, steel circle 20 corresponds to: GOST 14955 - 77, GOST 10702 - 78.
Sheet Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88.You can buy steel sheet 20 in several types of rolled products. Thus, supply of steel 20 can be carried out in the form of a thick sheet of steel 20 - GOST 1577 - 93, GOST 19903 - 74, a thin sheet of steel 20 - GOST 16523 - 89. Sheet of steel 20 can also be purchased in other types of rolled products: strip steel 20 - GOST 6009 – 74, GOST 10234 – 77, steel strip 20 – GOST 1577 – 93, GOST 103 – 76, GOST 82 – 70.
Wire Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88.Yes, steel 20 can also be purchased in the form of rolled products such as wire of various diameters. Steel wire 20 is produced in accordance with GOST 5663 - 79, GOST 17305 - 91.
Forgings and castings Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88.This is perhaps the most exotic type of supply of steel 20. So forgings and castings of steel 20 are produced in accordance with GOST 8479 - 70.
Chemical composition Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88What is the chemical composition of steel 20? Let us turn to the reference book on steel grades by M. M. Shishkov. The chemical composition of steel 20 is in a special table below.
Table 1.
What technological properties does 20 GOST steel have? Again we turn to the reference book - steel brand maker M. M. Shishkov. The technological properties of steel 20 primarily include forging steel 20. The forging temperature of steel 20 can be carried out in the range from 1280 degrees Celsius to 780 degrees. Cooling of steel 20 after forging does not require special technological subtleties and is carried out naturally in air. Unless, of course, the task is to harden steel 20. What other technological properties of steel 20 are in the reference book? Flock sensitivity - steel 20 does not have it, or as they correctly say: it is not sensitive. Tendency to temper brittleness – 20 steel is not prone to temper brittleness. Machinability by cutting: with a hardness of steel 20 according to Brinell equal to 126 - 131 and a temporary tensile strength (tensile strength) equal to 450-490 MPa, coefficients K v tv.spl. = 1.7, K v br.st. = 1.6. These are machinability coefficients for turning conditions with carbide and high-speed steel cutters, respectively. These are actually all the parameters that relate to the technological properties of steel 20. Welding Steel 20 GOST 1050 - 88.Welding steel 20 has no special miracles. The weldability of steel 20 is good, welding of steel 20 is carried out without restrictions. Except for one thing. Welding steel 20 after special heat treatment, for example, hardening, annealing or tempering, may require heating to 100 - 200 degrees, and for especially critical parts and high-quality welding, it is necessary to heat up to 200 - 300 degrees, followed by annealing of the weld site or welded part made of steel 20 That is, welding of steel 20 after heat treatment is performed in the same way as welding of limitedly weldable steels and difficult-to-weld steels. There are such technological subtleties. Methods of welding steel 20: RDS - manual arc welding, ADS - automatic arc welding, performed under a welding flux and with gas protection, KTS - contact welding. Other welding methods for steel 20 are practically not used. |
Carbon structural quality steel gauged bars with special surface finish. General specifications
GOST 1050-88
OKP 09 5000, 11 4100, 11 5000
Date of introduction 01/01/91
This standard establishes general technical conditions for hot-rolled and forged long products from high-quality carbon structural steel grades 08, 10, 15, 20, 25,30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 58 (55pp) and 60 with a diameter or thickness of up to 250 mm, as well as rolled calibrated and with special surface finishing of all brands.
In terms of chemical composition standards, the standard applies to other types of rolled products, ingots, forgings, stampings made from steel grades listed above, as well as steel grades 05kp, 08kp, 08ps, 10kp, 10ps, 11kp, 15kp, 15ps, 18kp, 20kp and 20ps .
1.1. The grades and chemical composition of steel according to the ladle sample must correspond to those given in Table 1.
Table 1
Continuation of the table. 1
Notes:
1.1.1. The mass fraction of sulfur in steel should be no more than 0.040%, phosphorus - no more than 0.035%. For steel grades 11kp and 18kp used for cladding, the mass fraction of sulfur should be
no more than 0.035%, phosphorus - no more than 0.030%.
1.1.2. The residual mass fraction of nickel in steel of all grades should not exceed 0.30%, mediv of steel grades 11kp and 18kp - 0.20%, in steel of other grades - 0.30%.
1.1.3. In steel grades 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60, intended for the production of patented wire, the mass fraction of manganese should be 0.30-0.60%, nickel - no more than 0.15%, chromium - no more than 0.15 %, copper - no more than 0.20%. The mass fraction of sulfur and phosphorus is in accordance with the requirements of the wire standards, but does not exceed the standards given in clause 1.1L.
1.1.4. In steel grades 08ps, 10ps, 15ps and 20ps, intended for the production of rolled sheets for cold stamping, a mass fraction of manganese up to 0.25% is allowed according to the lower limit.
1.1.5. In steel grades 08ps, 10ps, 15ps and 20ps, a mass fraction of silicon less than 0.05% is allowed, provided that deoxidizers other than silicon are used in the required quantities.
1.1.6. In steel, the mass fraction of arsenic is allowed to be no more than 0.08%.
1.1.7. The mass fraction of nitrogen in oxygen-converter steel should not exceed 0.006% for rolled sheets and strip and 0.008% for other types of rolled products.
1.1.8. According to the order in quiet steel, produced by scrap process and scrap
ore process, a residual mass fraction of nickel and chromium of no more than 0.40% each is allowed.
1.2. In rolled products, billets, forgings and further processing products, deviations in chemical composition from the standards given in Table 1 are allowed in accordance with Table 2.
1.3. The range of rolled products must meet the requirements:
GOST 2590 - for hot-rolled rounds;
GOST 2591 or other regulatory and technical documentation - for hot-rolled square;
GOST 1133 - for forged round and square;
GOST 2879 - for hot-rolled hexagonal;
GOST 103 - for hot-rolled strip;
GOST 4405 - for forged strip;
GOST 5157 - for profiles for oblique washers;
GOST 7417 - for calibrated round;
GOST 8559 - for calibrated square;
GOST 8560 - for calibrated hexagonal;
normative and technical documentation - for calibrated strip;
GOST 14955 - with special surface finishing.
Examples of symbols are given in Appendix 1.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
table 2
2.1.1. Rolled products of unmeasured length (ND) with maximum deviations for normal dimensional accuracy, curvature, ovality and other requirements for shape, crescent shape and deviation from flatness, class 2 according to GOST 103 (for strip).
2.1.2. Rolled products of calibrated unmeasured length (ND) with maximum deviations for field tolerance - h11, ovality - no more than maximum deviations in diameter.
2.1.3. Rolled products with special surface finishing of unmeasured length (ND) with maximum deviations for the tolerance field - h11, ovality - no more than half of the maximum deviations for diameter.
2.1.4. Long-rolled products without heat treatment, calibrated and with a special surface finish, hard-worked - NG or heat-treated (annealed, highly tempered, normalized, normalized with tempering, hardened with tempering) - TO.
2.1.5. Long rolled products of two surface quality groups: 2GP and 3GP. Rolled products of surface quality group 2РП are intended mainly for hot forming, group 3ГП - mainly for cold machining.
2.1.6. On the surface of rolled products of surface quality group 2GP there should be no rolled bubbles, rolling films, sunsets, cracks, contamination, or stress cracks.
2.1.1—2.1.6. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.1.6.1. Defects on the surface must be removed by flat cutting or grinding, the width of which must be at least five times the depth.
The depth of cleaning defects, based on the actual size, should not exceed:
half the size tolerance - for rolled products with a size of less than 80 mm;
size tolerance - for rolled products with sizes from 80 to 140 mm;
5% of diameter or thickness - for rolled products with sizes from 140 to 200 mm;
6% of diameter or thickness - for rolled products larger than 200 mm.
In one section of rolled products with a size (diameter or thickness) of more than 140 mm, no more than two strippings of maximum depth are allowed.
2.1.6.2. On the rolled surface, individual risks, dents and ripples with a depth within half the size tolerance, as well as rolled out bubbles and dirt (hairs) with a depth not exceeding the size tolerance, but not more than 0.20 mm, based on the actual size, are allowed without cleaning.
2.1.7. On the surface of rolled products with surface quality of group 3GP, local defects with a depth not exceeding the minus maximum deviation per size for rolled products with a size of less than 100 mm are allowed; size tolerance - for rolled products with a size of 100 mm or more.
The depth of defects is calculated from the nominal size.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.1.8. Rolled products must be cut.
Crumpled ends and burrs are allowed.
The bevel of cutting long products up to 30 mm in size is not regulated; over 30 mm, it should not exceed 0.1 of the diameter or thickness. Rolled sections up to 40 mm in size of unmeasured length may be produced with uncut ends.
2.1.9. The surface quality and requirements for cutting the ends of calibrated rolled products must comply with GOST 1051 groups B and C, with special surface finishing - GOST 14955 groups B, D and D.
In rolled products with special surface finishing, decarburization is not allowed.
2.1.10. The hardness (TB1) of long products without heat treatment should not exceed 255 HB, calibrated and with a special surface finish of cold-worked steel - 269 HB.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.1.11. The mechanical properties of rolled products in a normalized state (M1) must comply with the standards given in Table 3.
Table 3
Notes:
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.1.12. The macrostructure of rolled products should not have shrinkage cavities, looseness, bubbles, delaminations, internal cracks, slag inclusions and flakes.
2.2.1. Rolled steel grades 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 with a mass fraction of boron of 0.002-0.006%.
In this case, the letter P is placed at the end of the brand designation.
2.2.2. Rolled steel from mild steel with a mass fraction of silicon of 0.17-0.27%.
2.2.3. Rolled cut lengths (MD).
2.2.4. Rolled lengths that are a multiple of the measured length (KD).
2.2.5. Rolled products calibrated and with a special surface finish with a tolerance range of h12.
2.2.6. Long products in a heat-treated state (annealed, highly tempered, normalized, normalized with tempering) - TO.
2.2.7. Rolled products with surface quality of group 1GP - without rolled bubbles and contaminants (hairs) and tested for hot upsetting (65).
Rolled products are intended primarily for hot upsetting, heading and stamping. The manufacturer may not test rolled products over 80 mm in size.
2.2.8. Rolled steel grades 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 with impact strength control (ICH) at
heat-treated (quenching + tempering) samples.
Impact strength standards must correspond to those indicated in Table 4.
2.2.9. Rolled products calibrated in a cold-worked or heat-treated state with standardized mechanical properties (M2) in accordance with the requirements specified in table. 5.
Table 4
Table 5
2.2.10. Rolled products with a microstructure (MCS) normalized in points in accordance with the requirements specified in table. 6.
Table 6
Note. For rolled products with a size of 70 mm or more with a surface quality of group B, subcortical bubbles of point 2 are allowed to a depth of no more than 1/2 of the tolerance for diameter or thickness.
2.2.11. Rolled products with standardized hardness (TB2) in accordance with the requirements given in table. 7.
Table 7
2.2.12. Rolled products with ultrasonic testing (UT) of internal defects in accordance with GOST 21120.
2.2.13. Rolled products ensuring weldability (WS).
2.2.14. Rolled steel grades 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 58 (55pp), 60, intended for surface hardening with high frequency currents, with decarburization (ferrite + transition zone) no more than 1.5% of the diameter or thickness per side (1C ).
2.2.3—2.2.14. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.2.15. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
2.3.1. Rolled products with reduced carbon mass fraction limits compared to those given in Table 1, but not less than 0.05%.
2.3.2. Rolled products with reduced carbon mass fraction limits compared to those given in Table 1, but not less than 0.05%, without taking into account the permissible deviations in finished rolled products specified in Table 2.
2.3.3. Rolled products with a mass fraction of sulfur of 0.020–0.040%.
2.3.4. Rolled products with a mass fraction of sulfur not exceeding 0.025%.
2.3.5. Rolled products with a phosphorus mass fraction of no more than 0.030%.
2.3.6. Rolled products with a mass fraction of copper not exceeding 0.25%.
2.3.7. Long products with a diameter or thickness of over 30 to 140 mm with removal of burrs (UZ) and crumpled ends.
2.3.8. For rolled steel with increased hardness by 15 HB compared to those given in Table 7 (TB3).
2.3.9. Rolled products with standardized mechanical properties (M3), determined on samples cut from heat-treated blanks (hardening + tempering) of the size specified in the order, in accordance with the requirements of Table. 8.
Table 8
Notes.
2.3.11. Rolled steel grades 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 58 (55pp), 60, intended for surface hardening with high frequency currents, with decarburization (ferrite + transition zone) no more than 0.5% of the diameter or thickness per side (2C ).
2.3.12. Rolled products in pickled condition (T).
2.3.6—2.3.12. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.3.13. Rolled products calibrated with tolerance range h10.
2.3.14. Hot-rolled bars with increased (B) and high (A) dimensional accuracy.
2.3.15. Rolled products with surface quality group 2GP with hot upsetting test (65).
The manufacturer may not test rolled products over 80 mm in size.
2.3.16. Rolled steel grades 45, 50, 50A with hardness control (TV4) on hardened samples in accordance with the requirements specified in Table 8a.
2.3.17. The mass fraction of nitrogen is not more than 0.008% in oxygen-converter steel for thin sheets.
2.3.13—2.3.17. (Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
2.4. It is allowed in the technical specifications for specific products to provide for additional or increased characteristics not provided for by this standard.
A list of additional characteristics is given in Appendix 5.
2.5.1. Packaging of calibrated rolled products is in accordance with GOST 1051, with special surface finishing - in accordance with GOST 14955.
2.5.2. The marking is applied directly to the product if the product is not subject to packaging, and on the label if the product is packaged in bundles, skeins and coils.
Table 8a
3.1. Rolled products are accepted in batches consisting of steel of one heat, one size and one heat treatment mode (when manufactured in a heat-treated state).
By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, batches are formed from steel of the same grade of several heats of the same size.
Each batch is accompanied by a quality document in accordance with GOST 7566.
When deoxidizing agents other than silicon are used for semi-quenched steel, a corresponding indication is made in the quality document.
For rentals accepted with characteristics established by the consumer in accordance with paragraphs. 2.2 and 2.3, the quality document indicates the test results for the ordered indicators.
3.2. The rolled products are subjected to acceptance tests.
3.3. To check the quality, the following are selected from a batch of rolled products:
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.4. If unsatisfactory test results are obtained for at least one of the indicators, repeated tests are carried out in accordance with GOST 7566.
The results of repeated tests are applied to the entire batch.
4.1. Chemical analysis of steel is carried out according to GOST 22536.0—GOST 22536.9, GOST 27809, GOST 12359 or other methods that are not inferior in accuracy to standard ones. If disagreements arise, chemical analysis is carried out according to GOST 22536.0—GOST 22536.9, GOST 27809, GOST 12359.
4.2. The quality of the surface is checked by inspection of the rolled product without the use of magnifying devices. If necessary, the surface is brightened or etched, and for rolled products with a special surface finish with a diameter of up to 3 mm inclusive, the inspection is carried out at a magnification of up to 10 x. The depth of defects on the surface of the rolled product is determined by control cleaning or filing with a file.
4.3. Geometric dimensions and shape are determined using measuring instruments in accordance with GOST 26877, GOST 162, GOST 166, GOST 427, GOST 2216, GOST 3749, GOST 5378, GOST 6507, GOST 7502, or tools certified in accordance with GOST 8.001* or GOST 8.326*.
4.4. Sampling from coils for all types of tests is carried out at a distance of at least 1.5 turns from the end of the roll.
4.5. From each rod, strip or coil selected for inspection, the following is taken:
4.6. Sampling for slump testing is in accordance with GOST 7564.
4.7. Sampling for testing mechanical properties according to tables 3 and 5 is carried out according to GOST 7564 (option 1), according to tables 4 and 8 - according to GOST 7564 (option 2).
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
4.7a. Selection of samples to determine hardness after hardening is carried out according to the scheme given in Appendix 8.
Samples for control can be cut from finished rolled products or final billets (in heat control).
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
The samples are heated to a forging temperature of 850–1000°C and upset by 65% relative to the original height. There should be no open cracks or sunsets on the deposited samples.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
4.9. Brinell hardness is determined according to GOST 9012. The hardness of rolled products with a diameter or thickness of less than 5 mm is not determined.
4.9a. Rockwell hardness after quenching is determined according to GOST 9013 on a site located in the middle of the length of the sample. The surface of the site for hardness measurement is subjected to cleaning: in this case, the surface roughness Ra should be no more than 1.25 microns according to GOST 2789.
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
4.10. The tensile test is carried out according to GOST 1497 on samples of five times the length with a diameter of 5 or 10 mm.
For rolled products with a diameter or thickness up to 25 mm inclusive, testing may be carried out on samples without mechanical treatment.
The impact strength test is carried out according to GOST 9454 on type 1 samples.
The direction of the sample axis is along the rolling direction.
4.11. Samples for tensile testing of rolled products in accordance with the requirements of Table 3 are cut from normalized blanks with a diameter or square side of 25 mm.
PR 50.2.009-94 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.
For rods with a diameter of less than 25 mm, normalization is carried out in the finished section of the rod (without cutting the workpiece).
Note. For rods larger than 120 mm, sampling for mechanical tests can be carried out from forged or re-rolled blanks with a cross-section of 90-100 mm.
4.12. Samples for tensile testing of rolled products in accordance with the requirements of Table 8 are cut from heat-treated blanks of the size specified by the consumer.
4.13. The heat treatment modes of workpieces (specimens) for testing mechanical properties are given in Appendices 6 and 7, for hardness control after hardening - in Appendix 9.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
4.14. Inspection of the macrostructure for fractures or etched templates is carried out without the use of magnifying devices in accordance with GOST 10243.
It is allowed to use ultrasonic testing (UT) and other non-destructive testing methods, agreed upon in the prescribed manner.
4.15. The depth of the decarbonized layer is determined according to GOST 1763.
4.16. Hardenability is determined by the method of end hardening according to GOST 5657.
4.17. The grain size is determined according to GOST 5639.
4.18. On steel of one heat that has passed tests for macrostructure, hardenability and mechanical properties on large rolled sections, the manufacturer may not carry out the above tests when producing smaller rolled sections.
4.19. The manufacturer is allowed to use statistical and non-destructive testing methods according to a methodology agreed upon in the prescribed manner. In case of disagreement and during periodic checks of product quality, the control methods provided for in this standard are applied.
5.1. Transportation and storage - in accordance with GOST 7566 with the following addition.
5.1.1. Products are transported by all types of transport in accordance with the rules for the transportation of goods in force for this type of transport. By rail, transportation is carried out depending on the weight and overall dimensions in covered or open cars. The weight of the cargo package should not exceed 10,000 kg for mechanized loading in open vehicles, and 1,250 kg in covered vehicles. Packaging, means and methods for forming packages - in accordance with GOST 7566.
When sending two or more packages, the dimensions of which make it possible to arrange a transport package with overall dimensions in accordance with GOST 24597, the packages must be formed into transport packages. Fastening means - according to GOST 21650.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
In the design documentation it is allowed to provide examples of symbols in accordance with Scheme 2.
Examples of symbols
Long-rolled products, round, normal rolling hardness (B), curvature class II, unmeasured length (ND), diameter 100 mm according to GOST 2590-88, made of grade 30 steel, surface quality group 2GP, with mechanical properties according to Table 3 (M1), with hardness according to clause 2.1.10 (TV1), with impact strength control according to Table 4 (KUV), with deburring (US), with hot upset test (65), without heat treatment:
Circle V-11-ND-100 GOST 2590-88/30-2GP-M1-TV1-KUV-UZ-66 GOST 1050-88
Long-rolled products, square, with increased rolling precision (B), class I in curvature, cut length (MD), with a square side of 25 mm in accordance with GOST 2591-88, from steel grade 35, with surface quality of group 1GP, with mechanical properties according to the table .8 (M3), with hardness according to table 7 (TB2), with macrostructure (KMS) normalized in points according to table 6, with decarburization according to clause 2.2.14 (1C), heat treated (HT):
Square B-1-MD-25 GOST 2591-88/35-1GP-M3-TV2-KMS-1S-TO GOST 1050-88
Rolled strip, normal rolling accuracy (B), sickle shape class 2, deviation from flatness class 2, multiple measured length (CD), thickness 36 mm, width 90 mm according to GOST 103-76, from steel grade 45, with surface quality group 3GP , with mechanical properties according to Table 3 (M1), with hardness item 2.1.10 (TV1), with normalized hardenability (HR), without heat treatment:
Strip V-2-2-KD-36x90 GOST 103-76/45-3GP-M1-TV1-PR GOST 1050-88
Hot-rolled profile for oblique washers, cut-to-length (MD), with dimensions 2ВхНхй = 32x5.8x4 mm according to GOST 5157-83, made of grade 35 steel, with surface quality group 3GP, with mechanical properties according to Table 3 (M1), with hardness according to clause 2.1.10 (TV1), without heat treatment:
Profile for oblique washers MD-32x5.8x4 GOST5157-83/35-3GP-M1-TV1
Calibrated rolled products, round, with a tolerance range according to L11, cut length (MD), with a diameter of 10 mm according to GOST 7417-75, made of grade 45 steel, with surface quality of group B according to GOST 1051-73, with mechanical properties according to Table 5 ( M2), with hardness according to clause 2.3.8 (TV3), with decarburization according to clause 2.3.11 (2C), cold-worked (NG):
Circle M1-MD-10 GOST 7417-75/45-V-M2-TV3-2S-NGGOST 1050-88
Calibrated, square rolled products, with a tolerance range of L1, a multiple of the measured length (CD), with a square side of 15 mm in accordance with GOST 8559-75, from steel grade 20, with surface quality of group B in accordance with GOST 1051-73, with mechanical properties according to Table 8 (M3), with hardness according to table. 7 (TV2), ensuring weldability (GS), cold-worked (NG):
Square M1-KD-15 GOST 8559-75/20-B-M3-TV2-GS-NGGOST 1050-88
Calibrated rolled products, hexagonal, with a tolerance range of h12, of unmeasured length (ND), with an inscribed circle diameter of 8 mm according to GOST 8560-78, made of grade 45 steel, with surface quality of group B according to GOST 1051-73, with mechanical properties according to Table 3 (M1), with hardness according to table. 8a (TV4), heat treated (TO):
Hexagon M2-ND-8 GOST 8560-78/45-V-M1-TV4-TO GOST 1050-88
Rolled products with special surface finishing, round, with tolerance range L11, of unmeasured length (ND), with a diameter of 8 mm, with surface quality of group B according to GOST 14955-77, made of grade 20 steel, with mechanical properties according to Table 5 (M2), with hardness according to table 7 (TV3) cold-worked (NG):
Circle M1-ND-8 GOST 14955- 77/20-V-M2-TV3-NG GOST 1050- 88
Examples of symbols that can be given in design documentation:
Rolled products with special surface finishing, round, with tolerance range L11, unmeasured length (ND), diameter 8 mm, surface quality group B according to GOST 14955-77, made of grade 20 steel, with mechanical properties according to Table 5 (M2), with hardness according to table 7 (TV3), cold-worked (NG):
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Damn.1
Steel grade 35
Damn.2
Steel grade 40
Damn.3
Steel grade 45
Damn.4
Table 9
1. Rolled products with a normalized mass fraction of nitrogen in electric steel.
2. Rolled products with a lower hourly fraction of manganese, reduced against the norms of the table. 1 per manganese equivalent equal to:
B M = 0.3(Cr%)+0.5 (Ni%) + 0.7 (Ci%),
where Cr, Ni, Cu is the residual actual mass fraction of chromium, nickel, copper in steel, not exceeding the standards specified in Table 1.
3. Rolled products calibrated from steel grades 08, 55 and 60 in a cold-worked or heat-treated state with control of mechanical properties.
4. Rolled products with normalized impact strength on type I samples at a temperature of minus 40°C.
5. Rolled products with normalized impact strength on type II samples at temperatures of plus 20°C and sub-zero temperatures.
6. Rolled without control of relative contraction.
7. Rolled products calibrated and with a special surface finish with normalized hardness, normalized with tempering and hardened with tempering.
8. Long-rolled products with standardized hardness in a normalized state.
9. Rolled products with standardized hardness within specified limits.
10. Rolled products without hardness control.
11. Rolled products with a standardized austenite grain size.
12. Rolled products with standardized purity for non-metallic inclusions.
13. Rolled products with standardized purity based on hair fibers identified on the surface of finished parts using the magnetic method or etching.
14. Rental of small-tonnage lots.
Heat treatment modes for workpieces to control the mechanical properties given in Tables 3 and 4
Table 10
Heat treatment modes for workpieces to control the mechanical properties given in Table 8
Table 11
Modes of thermal treatment of samples to determine hardness after hardening, given in table. 8a
Table 12
Notes:
APPENDICES 8, 9 (Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy
2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated November 24, 1988 No. 3811
3. INSTEAD GOST 1050-74
4. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
5. The validity period was lifted according to Protocol No. 5-94 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 11-12-94)
6. REISSUE (April 1996) with Change No. 1, approved in December 1991 (IUS 4-92)
Classification. By type of processing, rolled products are divided into: hot-rolled and forged; calibrated; with special surface finishing. -
Depending on the condition of the material, rolled products are produced: without heat treatment, heat treated - TO; cold-worked - NG (for calibrated rolled products and hard rolled products with special surface finishing).
Rolled products are produced in two surface quality groups:
2GP - mainly for hot pressure treatment; ,
ZGP - mainly for cold machining.
Steel grades: 08, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40,
45, 50, 55, 58 (55pp), 60.
In the steel grade designation, the numbers indicate the average carbon content in hundredths of a percent.
The surface quality and requirements for cutting the ends of calibrated rolled products must comply with GOST 1051-73 groups B and C, with special surface finishing - GOST 14955-77 groups B, D and D.
The hardness (TB1) of long products without heat treatment should not exceed 255 HB; calibrated and with special surface finishing hardened - 269 NV.
Technical requirements. The mechanical properties and impact strength of rolled products are given in table. 3. Standards of Mechanical properties specified in table. 3, relate to rolled products with a diameter or thickness of up to 80 mm. For rolled products with a diameter or thickness over 80 mm, a reduction in the relative elongation by 2% and the relative contraction by 5% is allowed.
The macrostructure (MS) normalized in points is given in Table. 4.: The normalized mechanical properties (M2) of calibrated rolled products in the cold-worked or untreated state are given in table. 5.
3. Mechanical properties of rolled products in a normalized state (M1)
| steel grade | Yield strength s t,MPa | Temporary resistance s in,MPa | Relative extension d 5, % | Relative narrowing Y% | Impact strength * KCU, J/cm 2 |
| no less | |||||
| 08 | 196 | 329 | 33 | 60 | - |
| 15 | 225 | 379 | 27 | 55 | - |
| 25 | 275 | 450 | 23 | 50 | 88 |
| 35 | 315 | 530 | 20 | 45 | 69 |
| 45 | 355 | 600 | 16 | 40 | 49 |
| 55 | 380 | 650 | 13 | 35 | - |
| 60 | 400 | 680 | 12 | 35 | - |
|
* Impact strength (IUV) of heat-treated (quenching + tempering) samples. |
|||||
Notes:
1. Standards of mechanical properties given in table. 3, refer to rolled products with a diameter or thickness of up to 80 mm. For rolled products with a diameter or thickness over 80 mm, a reduction in relative elongation by 2% (abs.) and relative contraction by 5% (abs.) is allowed. Standards of mechanical properties for workpieces forged from rods with a diameter or thickness of over 120 to 250 mm for rolled products with a diameter or thickness of 90 to 100 mm must correspond to those given in Table. 3.
2. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, for steel grades 25 - 60, a reduction in tensile strength by 20 MPa is allowed in comparison with the standards specified in Table. 3, while simultaneously increasing the elongation rates by 2% (abs.).
4 . Normalized macrostructure (RMS) of steel in points, no more
| Central porosity | Point heterogeneity | Liquidation square | General spot eradication | General spot eradication | Shrink liquidation for rolled size | Subcortical vesicles | Intercrystalline cracks | |
| up to 70 mm | St. 70 mm | |||||||
| 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Not allowed | |
|
Note. For rolled products with a size of 70 mm or more with a surface quality of the ZGP group, subcortical bubbles of point 2 are allowed to a depth of no more than 1/2 of the tolerance for diameter or thickness. |
||||||||
5. Standardized mechanical properties (M2) of calibrated rolled products
| steel grade | s in,MPa | Relative extension d 5, % | Relative extension d 5, % | Tensile strength s in,MPa | Relative extension d 5, % | Relative extension d 5, % |
| Cold-hardened rolled products | Chilled or high-low rolled products | |||||
| No less | ||||||
| 10 | 410 | 8 | 50 | 290 | 26 | 55 |
| 440 | 8 45 340 23 55||||||
| 20 | 490 | 7 | 40 | 390 | 21 | 50 |
| 540 | 7 40 410 19 50||||||
| 30 | 560 | 7 | 35 | 440 | 17 | 45 |
| 590 | 6 35 470 15 45||||||
| 40 | 610 | 6 | 35 | 510 | 14 | 40 |
| 640 | 6 30 540 12 40||||||
| 50 | 660 | 6 | 30 | 560 | 12 | 40 |
Rental range:
hot-rolled round grades 08-60 according to GOST 2590-88;
hot-rolled square - GOST 2591-88;
hot-rolled hexagonal - GOST 2879-88;
hot rolled strip
-.
GOST 103-76;
forged round and square - GOST 1133-71;
calibrated round - GOST 7417-75;
round with special surface finishing - GOST 14955-77.
Examples of symbols
Long-rolled products, round, of normal rolling accuracy (B), class II in curvature of unmeasured length (ND), with a diameter of 100 mm according to GOST 2590-88, made of steel grade. 30, with surface quality group 2GD. with mechanical properties according to (M1), with hardness according to (TV1), impact strength control according to (KUV), with deburring (US), with hot upset test (65), without heat treatment;
|
Circle |
V - II - ND - 100 GOST 2590 - 88 |
Rolled strip, normal rolling accuracy (B), sickle shape class 2, deviation from flatness class 2, multiple measured length (CD), thickness 3 mm, width 90 mm according to GOST 103-76, from steel grade 45, with surface quality of the ZGI group , with mechanical properties according to (M1)^ with hardness according to (TB1), with normalized hardening ability (HR), without heat treatment:
Calibrated rolled products, square, with a tolerance range of h11, a multiple of the measured length (CD), with a square side of 15 mm in accordance with GOST 8559-75, from steel grade 20, with surface quality of group B in accordance with GOST 1051-73, with mechanical properties in accordance with (MZ ), with hardness according to (TV2), ensuring weldability (GS), cold-worked (NG);
Examples of symbols that can be given in design documentation
Rolled products with special surface finishing: round, with tolerance range h11, unmeasured length (ND), diameter 8 mm, surface quality group B according to GOST 14955-77, made of grade 20 steel, with mechanical properties according to table. 5 (M2), about hardness according to, (TVZ), Cold-worked (NG):
|
Circle |
h11 - ND - 8 GOST 14955 - 77 |
5. Mechanical properties and hardness of hot-rolled and calibrated thermally untreated rolled carbon sulfur steel
| steel grade | Mechanical properties of rolled products | |||||||||||
| up to 16 mm | from 16 to 40 mm | from 40 to 100 mm | ||||||||||
| Yield strength s t,MPa |
Relative extension d 5, % | Impact work KS, J | Yield strength s t,MPa |
Tensile strength s in, MPa | Relative extension d 5, % | Impact work KS, J | Yield strength s t,MPa |
Tensile strength s in, MPa | Relative extension d 5, % | Impact work KS, J | ||
| no less | no less | no less | no less | |||||||||
| 375 | 550 - 700 19 35 315 500 - 650 21 35 - - - -||||||||||||
| 30 | 400 | 600 - 750 | 18 | 30 | 355 | 550 - 700 | 20 | 30 | 295 | 500 - 650 | 21 | 30 |
| 430 | 630 - 780 17 25 380 600 - 750 19 25 315 550 - 700 20 25||||||||||||
| 40 | 460 | 650 - 800 | 16 | 20 | 400 | 630 - 780 | 18 | 20 | 355 | 600 - 750 | 19 | 20 |
| 490 | 700 - 850 14 15 430 650 - 800 16 15 375 630 - 780 17 15||||||||||||
| 50 | 520 | 750 - 900 | 13 | - | 460 | 700 - 850 | 15 | - | 400 | 650 - 800 | 16 | - |
| 550 | 800 - 950 12 - 490 750 - 900 14 - 420 700 - 850 15 -||||||||||||
| 60 | 580 | 850 - 1000 | 11 | - | 520 | 800 - 950 | 13 | - | 450 | 750 - 900 | 14 | - |
|
Notes: |
||||||||||||
6. Standardized hardness, HB, rolled products
| steel grade | Hot woven and forged rolled products | Rolled products calibrated and with special surface finishing | ||
| without heat treatment | after annealing or high tempering | hard-worked | annealed or high tempered | |
| no more | ||||
| 08 | 131 | - | 179 | 131 |
| 143 | - 187 143||||
| 15 | 149 | - | 197 | 149 |
| 163 | - 207 163||||
| 25 | 170 | - | 217 | 170 |
| 179 | - 229 179||||
| 35 | 207 | - | 229 | 187 |
| 40 | 217 | 187 | 241 | 197 |
| 45 | 220 | 197 | 241 | 207 |
| 241 | 207 255 217||||
| 55 | 255 | 217 | 269 | 229 |
| 255 | 229 269 229||||
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