Copy-type equipment is used in cases where parts need to be manufactured according to a specific template within a small batch. In some cases, a copy-milling machine is used in large-scale production, just like the CNC version. This is due to the fact that the machine in question is capable of creating products whose shape most closely matches the original sample, like CNC machines, the movement of the cutter is set automatically. The main feature of a copy milling machine is its high processing speed.
Often, a copy-milling machine is used to perform volumetric and plane processing; its operation is similar to those on which the CNC system is installed. At the same time, special models allow wood processing to be carried out in volume when a volumetric model is used as a copier. In the woodworking industry, volumetric processing allows:
The woodworking machine in question is often used in furniture production. Many decorative parts that have complex shapes are created using a similar machine.
The possibility of significantly accelerating the production process of complex products is determined by the operating features of the copy-milling machine. Like metalworking, woodworking uses a cutting tool called a milling cutter.
The main points of the work include:
A copy-milling machine works as follows: a sample of various types is installed, a tracking device is connected to it, which, through a certain type of connection, transmits the required force to the cutting tool.
There are many schemes by which you can create a copy-milling machine with your own hands. A typical version usually consists of the following elements:
To carry out the procedure for changing the cutting mode, the height of the table changes, the head with the cutter has an electric drive, which sets the cutting tool in motion, and often the system includes a transmission mechanism for changing speeds.
The pantograph itself can be made as follows:
When creating a machine with your own hands, you should take into account that many parts may have flaws and discrepancies in size. This situation is associated with vibration and trembling of the base, which is quite difficult to avoid. When changing the direction of movement of the cutter, errors are also possible. Due to the internal stress of the wood workpiece, the workpiece may become distorted. Therefore, it is recommended to create such equipment only for narrow-profile production, when the machine will be designed to create one part. It is almost impossible to avoid the problems under consideration, however, provided that the same part is processed, gradual improvement of the design is possible.
The design of woodworking lathes is similar in basic parameters to metalworking equipment. They also have a front and rear headstock, a caliper, and a spindle with cutters. The purpose of the equipment depends on its weight, equipment with additional devices and automated control systems.
The design of a wood lathe differs from that of metal lathes in that it does not require a cooling system; therefore, there is no coolant supply system. The power of a manually controlled woodworking lathe is less, but it has adjustable rotation speeds. To work on manually operated wood lathes that are not intended to produce one type of product, special devices are used - cutters and a removable faceplate.
Main nodes
The faceplate serves to securely secure material of the maximum permissible diameter, and the cutter is used for manual work on equipment that does not have a permanently installed support. They are more often used for making simple blanks for painting, turning cuttings needed on the farm for shovels, ax handles and other household utensils.
The school wood lathe gives a complete idea of how you can make household items and beautiful souvenirs. A machine operating at low speeds will allow the novice master to understand the basic operating principle of all turning units and mechanisms. The skills acquired at school will help you master more complex CNC turning equipment.
One of the most common equipment in mass production in woodworking shops is a wood turning and copying machine. For its operation, devices are needed - stencils, according to the outline of which the outline of the object will be created.
Many types of equipment are used in the woodworking industry. The main characteristics by which classification is made are the technological process and design features.
Technological features:
Equipment of different designs for performing the same operations may differ in operating technology.
The scheme of operation on a turning and copying machine is as follows:
For the production of identical elements of wooden decor, a machine with a copier is the most convenient solution.
A lathe, on which processing is carried out using hand tools: rayer, meisel, scraper, is not particularly accurate. When making several similar parts from wood with the same density characteristics, you have to rely only on the skill of the turner and his eye, but it is still very difficult to give a 100% guarantee that they will be identical. The use of different types of wood in the production means that cutters and devices will need to be different from each other.
The wood turning and copying machine is distinguished by the accuracy of reproduction of the stored data. The copier is a kind of CNC prototype. One copier allows you to make identical things an infinite number of times, which is necessary for the manufacture of balusters for railings or legs for cabinet furniture sets. In workshops where production is on stream, it is more advisable to use CNC-equipped copying machines.
When working with wood, there is always a manual process of bringing the part to perfection using sandpaper. Grinding is carried out at the stage while the object is secured between the lathe heads. Rotation is programmed at lower speeds than those at which cutting was performed.
Lathes are used to turn oblong-shaped wooden elements. The workpiece is mounted on a spindle with approximately equal weight distribution. To do this, holes are drilled in the center of the end ends of the wooden workpiece - this is necessary so that the rotation of the shaft is uniform. Most often, cylindrical wood or timber with planed corners are used. Cutting is carried out not only on the external, but also on the internal surface of the workpiece. The shapes of finished products can be complex, conical, cylindrical - symmetrical relative to the center of the product.
A desktop wood lathe equipped with a computer programming system has high precision in reproducing complex designs. It can be used to create very complex carving elements.
Lathes are divided into:
Shaping wood occurs by rotating the material being processed and using a cutting tool.
Woodworking lathes differ in the type of support feed and the shape of the items being manufactured.
Diagram of a lathe with a mechanical support feed, equipped with an attached frontal device:
When working with hand cutters, it is necessary to install a tool rest on the guides of the frame. At this stage of processing, the support is retracted outside the working area until it stops.
Accessories for lathes Tools for wood lathes
The head device also has a rotating holder. This device is used for processing workpieces with a diameter of up to 60 cm, fixed on one side to a faceplate connected to the spindle, and fixed by the tailstock of the machine. When processing a short workpiece, the clamp may not be used, which simplifies internal processing of parts.
The speed of cutting the edge of a tree at different points is different, which is determined by the distance of the cutter from the axis of rotation. This is most clearly seen when working with a copier. The spindle speed is determined by the diameter of the wood material being processed and its strength.
The CL-1201 machine is used in manufacturing industries for turning rounded products with a diameter of up to 1200 mm and processing cylindrical parts. Wide possibilities for processing are provided by clamps: faceplate, chuck, centers.
Features of the lathe:
The standard package includes:
The device is manufactured by the Austrian company Stomana, which has been supplying equipment for more than 20 years. The device is designed for processing wood and rounding products up to 1270 mm long, made of materials of different densities. The copier is supplied in a basic configuration; it is used to produce products according to the sample.
Lathe Features:
Included in delivery lathe includes:
The KTF-7 turning device is used for processing wood on stationary and rotating workpieces. Equipment uses disc milling tool. which increases productivity and service life. This scheme allows you to obtain parts that cannot be made on a conventional lathe:
Work on a turning device is carried out according to a template with automatic feeding of the workpiece, in two passes. When moving forward, roughing occurs; when moving backwards, finishing occurs. Semi-automatic operation increases productivity and the number of irregularities on the wood surface during processing. The device is equipped with a mount for a hand cutter.
Lathes and copying machines are used to make many identical parts, for example, balusters for stair railings, fence posts, etc. You can make a functional design with your own hands, using devices that are unnecessary on the farm.
homemade turning and copying machine
The most primitive model of a lathe is made from a conventional drill. But this is not the only solution. Main parts of the future device:
The bed is the base for placing all elements and mechanisms. Therefore, it is made of thick timber or metal. The headstock is securely fixed to the base; the part will be attached to it. The front pillar houses a device that transmits movement from the electric motor to the driving center and then to the part.
The rear post (headstock) moves along a guide on the bed; it holds the free end of the workpiece. A tool rest is placed between the headstocks. The headstocks must be positioned strictly along a single axis.
For a do-it-yourself machine, an electric motor with a power of 200 - 250 W, with a speed of no more than 1500, is suitable. If you plan to process large parts, a more powerful motor is required.
A faceplate is placed on the electric motor pulley, which secures large workpieces. The faceplate contains points on which the part is pressed. The opposite end of the part is fixed with a corner.
To turn a regular lathe into a copying machine, an additional device is required - a copier.
The basis of the copier will be an unnecessary manual router. It is placed on a surface made of 12 mm plywood, the size of the platform is 20 x 50 cm. Holes are made in the platform for fasteners and cutters, and stops are installed - bars for fixing the cutter. The router is placed between the clamps and secured with a pair of large nails.
The remote part of the platform moves along the frame along a guide - a pipe. Its ends are fixed in wooden blocks. The bars are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws. When fixing the pipe, you must use a level and align the axis of the pipe with the center of the machine. Before installation, a pair of bars with holes are put on the pipe and can be easily moved along the guide. A platform on which the router is placed is attached to the bars.
The second important element is installed with your own hands directly on the lathe - a block in a horizontal position on which the templates will be attached. A 7 x 3 cm beam is suitable; it is attached to the vertical stands with self-tapping screws. The stands are screwed to the frame. The top surface of the block must clearly coincide with the axis of the machine.
When the copier is not in use, the block is dismantled, the platform with the milling cutter is moved back and the machine turns into a regular lathe.
The stop is made of thick plywood and is attached to the work surface. In fact, the stop plays the role of a copier in this design. It is fixed vertically and fixed to the end of the working surface on a transition beam made of wood. The copier can be removed, it is installed on the stand with self-tapping screws. The stand must be fixed firmly, without the possibility of removal.
The templates are made of plywood and are screwed to the front surface of the block using self-tapping screws. The upper surface of the beam should be aligned with the axis of the template.
Videos demonstrating the operation of homemade turning and copying machines:
The design of woodworking lathes is similar in basic parameters to metalworking equipment. They also have a front and rear headstock, a caliper, and a spindle with cutters. The purpose of the equipment depends on its weight, equipment with additional devices and automated control systems.
Wood lathe
The design of a wood lathe differs from that of metal lathes in that it does not require a cooling system; therefore, there is no coolant supply system. The power of a manually controlled woodworking lathe is less, but it has adjustable rotation speeds. To work on manually operated wood lathes that are not intended to produce one type of product, special devices are used - cutters and a removable faceplate.
The faceplate serves to securely secure material of the maximum permissible diameter, and the cutter is used for manual work on equipment that does not have a permanently installed support. They are more often used for making simple blanks for painting, turning cuttings needed on the farm for shovels, ax handles and other household utensils.
The school wood lathe gives a complete idea of how you can make household items and beautiful souvenirs. A machine operating at low speeds will allow the novice master to understand the basic operating principle of all turning units and mechanisms. The skills acquired at school will help you master more complex CNC turning equipment.
One of the most common equipment in mass production in woodworking shops is a wood turning and copying machine. For its operation, devices are needed - stencils, according to the outline of which the outline of the object will be created.
Many types of equipment are used in the woodworking industry. The main characteristics by which classification is made are the technological process and design features.
Equipment of different designs for performing the same operations may differ in operating technology.
The scheme of operation on a turning and copying machine is as follows:
For the production of identical elements of wooden decor, a machine with a copier is the most convenient solution.
A lathe, on which processing is carried out using hand tools: rayer, meisel, scraper, is not particularly accurate. When making several similar parts from wood with the same density characteristics, you have to rely only on the skill of the turner and his eye, but it is still very difficult to give a 100% guarantee that they will be identical. The use of different types of wood in the production means that cutters and devices will need to be different from each other.
The wood turning and copying machine is distinguished by the accuracy of reproduction of the stored data. The copier is a kind of CNC prototype. One copier allows you to make identical things an infinite number of times, which is necessary for the manufacture of balusters for railings or legs for cabinet furniture sets. In workshops where production is on stream, it is more advisable to use CNC-equipped copying machines.
When working with wood, there is always a manual process of bringing the part to perfection using sandpaper. Grinding is carried out at the stage while the object is secured between the lathe heads. Rotation is programmed at lower speeds than those at which cutting was performed.
Lathes are used to turn oblong-shaped wooden elements. The workpiece is mounted on a spindle with approximately equal weight distribution. To do this, holes are drilled in the center of the end ends of the wooden workpiece - this is necessary so that the rotation of the shaft is uniform. Most often, cylindrical wood or timber with planed corners are used. Cutting is carried out not only on the external, but also on the internal surface of the workpiece. The shapes of finished products can be complex, conical, cylindrical - symmetrical relative to the center of the product.
A desktop wood lathe equipped with a computer programming system has high precision in reproducing complex designs. It can be used to create very complex carving elements.
Lathes are divided into:
Shaping wood occurs by rotating the material being processed and using a cutting tool.
Woodworking lathes differ in the type of support feed and the shape of the items being manufactured.
Diagram of a lathe with a mechanical support feed, equipped with an attached frontal device:
When working with hand cutters, it is necessary to install a tool rest on the guides of the frame. At this stage of processing, the support is retracted outside the working area until it stops.
Accessories for lathes Tools for wood lathes
The head device also has a rotating holder. This device is used for processing workpieces with a diameter of up to 60 cm, fixed on one side to a faceplate connected to the spindle, and fixed by the tailstock of the machine. When processing a short workpiece, the clamp may not be used, which simplifies internal processing of parts.
The speed of cutting the edge of a tree at different points is different, which is determined by the distance of the cutter from the axis of rotation. This is most clearly seen when working with a copier. The spindle speed is determined by the diameter of the wood material being processed and its strength.
Drill lathes Wood lathe cutters 
Lathe rests for metal and wood machines 
Metal lathes
In order to make a copier for a wood lathe, you will need the following components that will be necessary in the manufacturing process:
First you need to make metal guides.
They will allow you to move the entire copier structure in the longitudinal plane. In this case, two metal corners are used, which are turned over with the sharp side down. The corners are welded together into pieces of metal profile.
This approach allows us to provide the necessary mechanical strength and eliminate the possibility of the guides bending under the weight of the copier. In practice, any other metal profile can be suitable for the manufacture of longitudinal guides, the main thing is that its mechanical parameters allow it to carry out the assigned tasks.
In this case, a wooden box and board were used to make the base of the future copier. The board is sized to allow movement inside the box in a perpendicular plane.
For fastening and subsequent movement, ordinary furniture guides are used.
The engine is attached to the board on top. In this case, the power of the electric motor is 800 W and the speed is 3000 rpm. Depending on your needs, you can use a motor with other parameters.
Next, the shaft should be secured to the board at such a distance that the belt drive normally connects two pulleys, one of which is located at the end of the motor shaft, and the second on the horse shafts of the saw blade. A homemade shaft with one bearing is used here.
A U-shaped structure must be made from a square metal profile. In the upper part of the U-shaped structure, a special metal holder of square cross-section is welded to the horizontal bar. The length of the holder must be less than the length of the marker.
To secure the marker in the holder, holes are drilled on the top plate. A metal nut is welded onto each hole and a bolt is screwed into it. Two bolts will be enough for reliable fixation. The adjustable marker is very convenient when changing saw blades of different diameters.
Simply install the desired disk and use a plumb line to align the marker with the edge of the disk. The marker mount must correspond to the position of the saw blade in all planes. This allows you to simply move the marker along the prepared template to coaxially move the disk along the rotating workpiece.
The entire machine is assembled from two channels and metal corners for the sheath. On which a motor is mounted that rotates a wooden piece. In this case, an electric motor with a power of 1200 W is used.
You can use an old frame from some other machine as a frame. For ease of operation, it is better to place the engine on a removable metal plate, which allows you to move the structure with the workpiece, both in the vertical and horizontal planes.
The clamping head is made of four metal plates in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. Two nuts are welded into the end walls of the clamping head, into which a metal screw is screwed. A cone with a cartridge is installed at the end of the screw.
In cases where you need to eliminate the possibility of contamination of the surrounding space with sawdust from the operation of the machine or to minimize the percentage of contamination, you should make a hood.
The saw blade is covered with a metal casing, to which a flexible corrugated hose and a compressor unit are connected to create an air flow of a given power.
Video: making a copier for a wood lathe.
It is not so difficult to make a copier and a wood lathe with your own hands if you have an idea about assembling such equipment yourself. The copier function itself can be a pleasant addition to the machine, since it enables mass production of identical products. You don't have to cut out each piece based on the previous one. Using a copier, a lathe will do everything in the best possible way.
Photo of a do-it-yourself wood copying machine
Before making a copier for a wood lathe, you first need to make the turning unit itself. Many craftsmen make simple models based on a drill. These large woodworking industries use professional equipment. At home, you can get by with a homemade copier and machine.
A standard lathe includes the following required design elements:
Drawing of a wood copier machine
Let’s look at the design in more detail to make it easier for you to make a homemade wood lathe with a copier without unnecessary help, but only with your own hands.
A homemade wood lathe with a copier does not have a complex design, so it is quite possible to make it yourself.
You can use a device that is used by woodworking enterprises. But they are designed for large-scale production. Therefore, it is preferable to make a woodworking copier with your own hands if you already have a ready-made homemade turning device.
But how exactly do you make a suitable copier? Follow the instructions and additionally watch the video tutorial. Based on them, you can easily retrofit your woodworking lathe with an effective copier.
A copier like this is an excellent solution for a home lathe used for woodworking operations. But in addition to significant advantages, the design has certain disadvantages.
It is quite possible to make a copying woodworking unit with your own hands. This will require a little time, certain skills and desire. For comparison, the price of a factory lathe copying device is about 10-20 thousand rubles.
Be sure to read these materials.
All photos from the article
A wood turning and copying machine is a machine that is widely used in factory woodworking for replicating products of a certain configuration that corresponds to a given sample. This equipment allows you to process any parts with high accuracy and speed. However, production machines with their large dimensions will be difficult to locate in a small private workshop.
Many carpentry enthusiasts, gradually expanding their tool base and improving their skills, come to the idea of assembling a wood copy lathe with their own hands. After all, with the help of this device it is possible to make an exact copy of any piece of furniture and carry out restoration work.
Note!
In most cases, of course, the main factor that encourages people to “reinvent the wheel” is the high price of a finished factory product.
The operating principle of a wood copying machine is quite simple:
Structurally, a copying device for a wood lathe is a whole series of parts connected to each other, so there will be a lot to work on.
In order to assemble a small copying machine for wood with your own hands, you will need to make some effort and patience, as well as invest financially (about 7-7.5 thousand rubles). But this is several times less than the costs that await you if you purchase a ready-made option.
The model of small-sized equipment of the so-called beam type proposed for assembly can be divided into the following components:
Now we’ll tell you in more detail about how a wood copying lathe looks and is assembled:
Attention!
The selection of an electric motor for a copying device for a wood lathe is carried out taking into account the size and complexity of the parts planned for production.
For the simplest tasks, a 200-watt unit will be sufficient.
Fasteners should be chosen only new, galvanized, tightening all individual elements with force so that the connection does not come loose. And wood turning and copying machines should be installed only level to avoid the slightest vibration.
If you wish, you can also assemble a homemade copy milling machine for wood with your own hands.
Such a device is capable of:
A copying cutter for wood made of carbide metal reproduces the surface or contour of the master copier on the product.
The following is used as a copier:
The simplest milling copier consists of a supporting frame - a base, a work table and directly a milling head equipped with an electric drive.
Advice!
For engraving at home, a motor with a power of 150-200 watts is quite sufficient.
Thus, having a copy-milling machine for wood in your workshop, you can create copies of the parts necessary for repairing furniture and other wooden structures with your own hands. You can also make souvenir or decorative items according to your own drawings.
Important!
In pursuit of savings, people often forget about the safety of themselves and their loved ones.
Please note: working with such a machine is quite dangerous.
Especially in cases where a person has not encountered such a product before.
We hope that the information presented will help you determine the need for this tool. If you are thinking about individual work, then, most likely, the services of an organization working in this direction will cost you easier and cheaper. If you want to put something on the conveyor, you can’t do it without your own machine.
In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic.
In order to make a copier for a wood lathe, you will need the following components that will be necessary in the manufacturing process:
First you need to make metal guides.
They will allow you to move the entire copier structure in the longitudinal plane. In this case, two metal corners are used, which are turned over with the sharp side down. The corners are welded together into pieces of metal profile.
This approach allows us to provide the necessary mechanical strength and eliminate the possibility of the guides bending under the weight of the copier. In practice, any other metal profile can be suitable for the manufacture of longitudinal guides, the main thing is that its mechanical parameters allow it to carry out the assigned tasks.
In this case, a wooden box and board were used to make the base of the future copier. The board is sized to allow movement inside the box in a perpendicular plane.
For fastening and subsequent movement, ordinary furniture guides are used.
The engine is attached to the board on top. In this case, the power of the electric motor is 800 W and the speed is 3000 rpm. Depending on your needs, you can use a motor with other parameters.
Next, the shaft should be secured to the board at such a distance that the belt drive normally connects two pulleys, one of which is located at the end of the motor shaft, and the second on the horse shafts of the saw blade. A homemade shaft with one bearing is used here.
A U-shaped structure must be made from a square metal profile. In the upper part of the U-shaped structure, a special metal holder of square cross-section is welded to the horizontal bar. The length of the holder must be less than the length of the marker.
To secure the marker in the holder, holes are drilled on the top plate. A metal nut is welded onto each hole and a bolt is screwed into it. Two bolts will be enough for reliable fixation. The adjustable marker is very convenient when changing saw blades of different diameters.
Simply install the desired disk and use a plumb line to align the marker with the edge of the disk. The marker mount must correspond to the position of the saw blade in all planes. This allows you to simply move the marker along the prepared template to coaxially move the disk along the rotating workpiece.
The entire machine is assembled from two channels and metal corners for the sheath. On which a motor is mounted that rotates a wooden piece. In this case, an electric motor with a power of 1200 W is used.
You can use an old frame from some other machine as a frame. For ease of operation, it is better to place the engine on a removable metal plate, which allows you to move the structure with the workpiece, both in the vertical and horizontal planes.
The clamping head is made of four metal plates in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. Two nuts are welded into the end walls of the clamping head, into which a metal screw is screwed. A cone with a cartridge is installed at the end of the screw.
In cases where you need to eliminate the possibility of contamination of the surrounding space with sawdust from the operation of the machine or to minimize the percentage of contamination, you should make a hood.
The saw blade is covered with a metal casing, to which a flexible corrugated hose and a compressor unit are connected to create an air flow of a given power.
Video: making a copier for a wood lathe.
