On November 23, 1803, in the Oryol province of Bryansk district, a boy was born on the Ovstug estate. They named him Fedor. Fyodor's parents, Ivan Nikolaevich and Ekaterina Lvovna, came from ancient noble families.
Ekaterina Lvovna was closely related to the family of Leo Tolstoy. Ekaterina Lvovna was a very beautiful, subtle, poetic woman. It is believed that she passed on all these traits to her youngest son Fedor. In total, 6 children were born in the Tyutchev family. The last 3 children died in infancy.
Fyodor Tyutchev received his primary education at home. His first mentor was Raich Semyon Yegorovich, a young, very educated man. He wrote poetry and did translations. While studying with Fedor, the mentor encouraged him to write poetry. By doing homework, he often organized competitions to see who could compose a quatrain the fastest. Already at the age of 13, Fedor was an excellent translator and became seriously interested in writing poetry. Thanks to
mentor, as well as his talent and perseverance, Fyodor Tyutchev spoke and wrote fluently in several foreign languages. But what’s interesting is that Tyutchev wrote all his poems only in Russian.
Tyutchev graduated from Moscow University, Faculty of Literature, with honors in 1821.
Knowledge of many foreign languages and excellent studies at the university help him enter the College of Foreign Affairs as a diplomat. Tyutchev will have to live abroad for almost a quarter of a century. He rarely came to Russia and suffered greatly from this. While working as a diplomat in Munich, Tyutchev would meet his greatest love, Eleanor Peterson. They will have three daughters. Happiness with Eleanor was short-lived. She is dying. His relationship with Elena Deniseva ends in tragedy. About this period of his life he will write: “The executing god took everything from me...”.
The creative heritage of Fyodor Tyutchev numbers just over 400 poems. A notebook with Tyutchev's poems accidentally ends up in the hands of A. Pushkin. Pushkin is delighted and publishes poems in the Sovremennik magazine. Tyutchev becomes famous as a poet. All of Tyutchev’s creativity can be divided into 3 stages:
At the end of his life, Tyutchev began to write poems on political topics, but they did not find a response from readers and, for the most part, remained unclaimed poems among the general public.
Poems from any stage of the poet’s work find a lively response from readers. His famous lines: “Russia cannot be understood with the mind...”, “It is not given to us to predict...”, “Everything has been taken from me by the executing god...” is known to almost every literate person. His poetic work in popularity can be compared with the work of Pushkin. Tyutchev’s subtle, lyrical, soul-stirring style transcends times and boundaries. His poems have been translated into many languages of the world.
In the summer of 1873, Fyodor Tyutchev died in Tsarskoe Selo. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. Every year, on the poet’s birthday and death anniversary, fans of his talent come to pay tribute to his work.
Tyutchev had his favorite teacher-mentor Yegor Ranch, who helped him in everything and raised more parents. Already at the age of twelve, with the help of his teacher, Fyodor Ivanovich wrote his first poems. At the age of fifteen, not needing a teacher, he began to study at the institute in the literature department. After graduating from college, he went to work abroad for almost 20 years. Where he worked as a diplomat in Italy and Germany.
All this time he was not engaged in literary activity. Upon returning home, he began working in the Foreign Affairs Committee. Pushkin saw his first poems in 1836 and helped them publish them in many magazines. After which he went out into the world. The first assembly of Fedor appeared in 1854. Tyutchev has many famous poems such as: “you can’t understand Russia with your mind,” “winter doesn’t last long,” “evening,” “flowing sand knee-deep.”
Tyutchev did not become a writer and worked in a different field; children still learn his poems at school.
Fyodor Tyutchev died in July 1879 in the village of Tsarskoye. He never began a career in literature.
4th grade. 6th grade.. 3rd, 10th grade. for children
Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important.
Few people knew the poet’s biography and creative motives, or perhaps many simply forgot.
Fyodor Tyutchev was born in the village of Ovstug, about 30 kilometers north of Bryansk, in 1803. The village was located on the shore. The boy was brought up in a family where they spoke exclusively French. And not only in Tyutchev’s childhood years one could notice that he mainly uses this language. The vast majority of his letters, articles written in subsequent years, and even some poems are all in French.
At the age of twelve, the boy was already translating Horace into Russian, and wrote his first poem at sixteen. Those who knew him in childhood noted his quick mind, remarkable erudition and even the poetic gift that the young Tyutchev already possessed. Briefly speaking about the education of Fyodor Ivanovich, we can note several main stages of his training. In 1812, Tyutchev was entrusted to the care of the family teacher Semyon Raich. From 1819 to 1822 he studied at Moscow University. And already at the age of nineteen he entered the civil service in the Department of Foreign Affairs of St. Petersburg.
Of course, it is important to know when Tyutchev was born and died, but first of all, it is worth talking about his life, career and creative path. Fyodor Ivanovich never considered himself a professional poet. He often forgot the texts of poems in books. Sometimes they were found after his death. And very often Tyutchev did not care about his works being published. He did not have a career as a poet. That is why Tyutchev’s poetry was not as popular as, for example, Pushkin or Nekrasov.
He left Russia very early, while still young, in 1822, and lived mainly in Germany, then a little in Italy, serving as a diplomat. All this time, Fyodor Ivanovich spoke very little Russian in everyday life. He was not a professional poet, and he even rarely used the Russian language. Fyodor Ivanovich was a diplomat, and if not Tyutchev’s entire life, then a very significant segment of it was connected with his diplomatic career.
But Fyodor Tyutchev's career achievements as a diplomat were not too impressive. In 1841, he was even dismissed and expelled from the Foreign Office. His significant achievements lay elsewhere. Fyodor Ivanovich was a man capable of communicating with intellectual centers throughout Europe, who was accepted on equal terms in England, Germany, and France by the main political thinkers of that time.
Tyutchev was one of the most influential political publicists. Later, in the memoirs of people who worked at that time in the military and foreign affairs departments of all the listed countries, there were references to his articles that were published in the European press. They said that it was in them that they felt a sense of world history and saw the outlines of future wars in Europe.
Not a career diplomat, but one of the main European historical and political thinkers. This is who the inconspicuous Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was. And you need to know about this too. Since this is also part of the poet’s biography. And not just information about when Tyutchev was born and died.
Tyutchev's career as a poet was very intermittent. Even before leaving abroad, he began to publish in magazines and almanacs. But most often Fyodor Ivanovich signed with his initials. Tyutchev was born in 1803, and already in 1822 his writing career ended, and he disappeared from the sight of the Russian reader for a long time. However, in 1836 an event occurred that largely predetermined the fate of Russian poetry. At this time, Alexander Pushkin founded his magazine Sovremennik.
The publication in this magazine is amazing. Here Fyodor Ivanovich immediately appears as a brilliant and outstanding poet. But very few people then realized that this was the poetry of Tyutchev, a diplomat who lives abroad. Fyodor Tyutchev's real career as a poet began in 1850.
Despite the fact that for many years Tyutchev’s life was associated with foreign countries, he finally returned to Russia several years before 1850. Serves and holds a number of high positions. Fyodor Ivanovich was an official on special assignments under the sovereign, and worked in the department of foreign censorship.
And so, at this time, everything in the same magazine “Sovremennik”, where Nekrasov had already become the director and published very famous personalities At that time, an article appears that describes the work of some poets. Including Fyodor Ivanovich, and his initials are also deciphered.
Finally, after this publication, a new poet, Fyodor Tyutchev, entered the consciousness of the Russian reader. And already in 1854 a collection of his poems was published. But his unprofessional attitude towards poetry continues to persist.
Returning to the poems of Fyodor Tyutchev, it should be noted that the entire small volume of this poet’s works can be divided into three equal parts. These are the ones that are not often mentioned and are not always read out loud. Then there are the philosophical ones, which are the most famous and very easy to define. In them, basically, a person always remains alone with nature.
And the third cycle was called “Denisevsky”, after the name of Fyodor Ivanovich’s common-law wife, the mother of his three children, Elena Aleksandrovna Denisyeva. These works had a huge influence on Russian poetry. They were a kind of lyrical diary. They very often talked about a specific person. These poems became the poet’s love story for Elena Alexandrovna.
The passionate affair with Denisyeva lasted for fourteen years. It ended with a terrible shock for the poet. The wife dies of tuberculosis in 1864. The following years are often overshadowed by tragic events. Almost immediately after the death of Elena Alexandrovna, their common son and daughter passed away. A year later, Tyutchev’s mother died, in 1870 Dmitry, the eldest son, died.
Perhaps, against the background of these events, which covered the poet like a wave, Fyodor Ivanovich’s health deteriorated sharply. And, probably, here we can answer the question of many readers about when Tyutchev was born and died. Having been born in 1803 and having lived quite a bright and rich life, the poet died in 1873 from apoplexy.
The most amazing property The poetry of Fyodor Ivanovich is that it is characterized by a complete identification of nature with man. The poet Tyutchev endows her with soul, feelings and even speech. She is completely human-like. Paying attention to many fragments of Fyodor Ivanovich’s lyrics, we can conclude that the poet very often uses grammatical forms of words or stress that are not very familiar to the ear of a simple reader. The whole point is that Tyutchev is archaic not only for modern times, but also from the point of view of the nineteenth century.
The life of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was not short if we compare him with poets who died early, such as Pushkin or Lermontov. But, nevertheless, all the lyrical works he wrote, as a rule, are placed in one volume. But even this has a deep meaning. Tyutchev thinks in verse, so the same image or concept passes through different works.
And the solution to Fyodor Tyutchev’s lyrics is that the reader cannot understand the meaning of a particular word based on only one verse. You need to read several where this word appears, and only then will you be able to see how the energy of meaning grows and comes to some kind of completion. Tyutchev not only describes nature, he seems to be developing a language or thinking itself in Russian.
The “thinking” poetry of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev transformed the entire Russian culture. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev once said that one cannot argue about the work of Fyodor Tyutchev. Because anyone who is not able to feel the works of this author does not feel poetry at all.
I love the storm in early May,
When spring, the first thunder,
As if frolicking and playing,
Rumbling in the blue sky.
These lines belong to the wonderful Russian poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, who himself treated his literary work very carelessly and did not consider himself a poet.
He was born on November 23, 1803 on the Ovstug estate, Bryansk district, Oryol province, which belonged to a wealthy old noble family. According to the tradition of his time, he received his primary education at home. He was very lucky - his mentor was the young but well-educated S.I. Rajic, aspiring poet and translator. Rajic encouraged his young pupil in the art of versification and helped him master Latin. Thanks to this, thirteen-year-old Fyodor made wonderful translations of Horace and became interested in writing poetry in imitation of the classics of antiquity. His successes were so brilliant that at the age of fifteen he became a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. The poet wrote all his poems exclusively in Russian, although he was fluent in several foreign languages.
In 1821, he brilliantly graduated from Moscow University, entered the service of the College of Foreign Affairs and left his homeland for 22 years. While in the diplomatic service, he lives in Germany and Italy, occasionally visiting Russia. Tyutchev always felt a spiritual connection with his homeland and hence his definition of Russia, which we proudly pronounce even now:
You can't understand Russia with your mind,
A common arshin cannot be measured
She will become special -
You can only believe in Russia.
While still studying, Fyodor Ivanovich became interested in philosophy. Was especially close to him philosophical theory Frenchman Pascal, mathematician and philosopher. At the same time, the philosophical and moral question of what a person is in infinity deeply excited him and did not leave him until the end of his life. Therefore, his poetic creativity always reflects not only the soul, but also the mind. Despite the lightness of the lines, the poet’s poems penetrate deeply into the consciousness and remain there, deeply touching the most intimate feelings.
Tyutchev finally developed a poetic style by the 30s of the 19th century. By this time he had already written beautiful lyric poems “Insomnia,” Spring waters”, “Summer Evening”, “Vision”, “Autumn Evening”. He gets a notebook of his poems, from which Alexander Sergeevich is delighted and publishes several in the Sovremennik magazine. This makes Tyutchev's name known to the general public and brings fame as a poet. The ability to convey the unity of the human soul with the soul of nature was manifested in such wonderful lines:
She has a soul, she has freedom,
It has love, it has language...
But increasingly, the poet turns to love lyrics, although sad and even tragic motives predominate in his poems about the most sublime human feelings. Sadness sounds in the poems of the poet, who lost his wife Eleanor, a loved one and a close person. Tragedy and pain are torn from the soul and poured out in poetic lines due to the inability to be near the woman he loves. Big and real love Tyutchev's poem to Elena Denisyeva, which ended in tragedy, left readers with poems that were amazing in their intensity of feeling and frank in their sincerity.
The executing god took everything from me:
Health, willpower, air, sleep,
He left you alone with me,
So that I can still pray to him.
An amazingly accurate style of versification in conveying feelings and a surprisingly laconic syllable convey countless shades of a wide variety of feelings - to nature, to a woman, to the Motherland. An amazingly modern poet! Why is it that Tyutchev’s poems are included so rarely in reading anthologies? Why do we even stop reading poems by such poets as Tyutchev? Obviously, we are afraid, or do not want to expose the nerve of our soul...
We can't predict
How our word will respond, -
And we are given sympathy,
How grace is given to us...
Fyodor Ivanovich died in 1873 in Tsarskoye Selo.
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev - Russian poet XIX century, diplomat and publicist. He also served as a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. More than 400 poems came from his pen. Tyutchev was born on December 5, 1803 in the family estate of Ovstug, located in the Oryol province.
Young Fedya's parents were of a noble family, so they raised their son accordingly. Future poet received an excellent education at home, by the age of 13 he was well versed in ancient Roman poetry. The boy also knew Latin and could translate the poetry of Horace. His home teacher was the poet and translator S.E. Raich.
At the age of 15, the young man began attending lectures on literature, which took place at Moscow University. He became a student of this educational institution. A year later, Tyutchev was enrolled in the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
In 1821, Fedor graduated from the university and went to work at the College of Foreign Affairs. After some time, he had to move to Munich as a diplomat. The poet spent 22 years abroad, where he managed to start a family with Eleanor Peterson. The woman was the greatest love of his life, they had three daughters.
In addition, while working in Munich, Fyodor Ivanovich became interested in German idealist philosophy. He repeatedly communicated with Friedrich Schelling and became friends with Heinrich Heine. It was Tyutchev who became the first translator of his works into Russian.
As a teenager, Tyutchev wrote several poems, but they were not popular with critics and readers. In addition, the young man did not like publicity; he rarely published his works. The period of his work from 1810 to 1820 was extremely archaic. The poems were reminiscent of the poetry of the last century. Among them are works such as “Summer Evening”, “Insomnia”, “Vision”, published in the pages of Rajic’s magazine “Galatea”.
The poet's full-fledged debut took place in 1836 thanks to A.S. Pushkin, who accidentally received his notebook with poems. The classic was able to appreciate the talent of Fyodor Ivanovich and published 16 of his poems in his magazine Sovremennik. At this time, he began to improve his style and used some forms of European romanticism. Tyutchev skillfully combined them with Russian lyrics, thanks to which his original poems were remembered by readers.
Nevertheless, even recognition from Pushkin did not bring popularity to Fedor. He managed to become famous only after returning to his homeland, when a separate collection of poems was published in 1854. Then an additional cycle of poems was released dedicated to Tyutchev’s mistress Elena Denisyeva.
At this time, Afanasy Fet, Nikolai Chernyshevsky and Ivan Turgenev admired the poet’s talent. Nikolai Nekrasov even writes an article dedicated to Tyutchev’s work and publishes it in the Sovremennik magazine. Thanks to this, his works are successful, and Fyodor Ivanovich gains fame.
In 1837, Fedor was appointed first secretary of the Russian mission in Turin. His wife dies there. She could not stand the constant betrayal on the part of her husband, in addition, Eleanor often complained about her health. In 1839, the poet married his mistress; for the sake of the wedding, he left for Switzerland without the consent of his superiors.
Because of this, Tyutchev’s career as a diplomat ended. For the next five years he lived in Munich without official status while trying to regain his position. Fedor was unable to do this, so he had to go back to Russia. Since 1848, Fyodor Ivanovich became senior censor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the same time, he does not stop writing and participates in Belinsky’s circle. The poet constantly communicated with creative people. Among them were such writers as Ivan Turgenev, Nikolai Nekrasov, Ivan Goncharov and others.
In the 50s, the next stage in Tyutchev's poetry began. At this time, he wrote mainly on political topics, but did not publish his poems. From 1843 to 1850, Fedor spoke with political articles about the utopian future of the “all-Slavic empire” and the inevitable collision of Russia with the whole world. In 1858, the poet became chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee. It is noteworthy that he repeatedly defended the persecuted publications.
In 1848-1850 the writer creates several beautiful poems, completely immersed in political themes. These include such poetry as “To a Russian Woman,” “Reluctantly and timidly...” and “When in a circle of murderous worries...”.
The year 1864 became a turning point in the poet’s life. First, his beloved Elena Denisyeva dies of consumption, and a year later their children together die. The decisive blow was the death of Fedor's mother. The published collection did not gain popularity; hard times. Due to numerous problems, his health deteriorated significantly. On July 15, 1873, the poet died in Tsarskoye Selo. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg.
Until the end of his life, the poet remained in public service, never becoming a professional writer. His last years were marked by the writing of political poems. Among them are the works “When the Decrepit Forces ...” and “To the Slavs”.
Fyodor Ivanovich was an incredibly amorous person. It is noteworthy that the poet dedicated poems to all his women. In addition, he had 9 children from different marriages. In his youth, Tyutchev was in a romantic relationship with Countess Amalia. Shortly after this, the poet married Eleanor Peterson, whom he repeatedly called the main woman in his life. He was broken when his beloved died. Tyutchev spent the night at her coffin, the next morning he became completely gray.
But after some time, the poet found solace in the arms of Ernestina Dernberg. Their romance began much earlier; it was this betrayal that undermined Eleanor’s health, coupled with a shipwreck in Turin. A year after the death of his wife, Tyutchev got married again.
One wife was not enough for Fyodor Ivanovich, so he soon began to cheat on her too. Elena Denisyeva became the publicist’s mistress; their relationship lasted more than 14 years. All my friends were against this connection due to the age difference. The girl was the same age as the writer’s daughter.
After the public became aware of the relationship between Elena and Fyodor, the father disowned the girl. She had to drop out of college and live in a rented apartment. But Denisyeva, in love, was not too interested in this; she wanted to throw herself headlong into the pool of unknown feelings. The girl devoted herself entirely to him and even gave birth to daughters for the poet.
Tyutchev could not stay with any woman for long, Deniseva was no exception. In 1851, he wrote a poem that uniquely sums up their relationship. Nevertheless, the couple continued to cohabit, they had strong friendships, even if Fedor’s love faded away. In August 1864, Lena died in the arms of her loved one.
Biography of Tyutchev
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803 - 1873) - famous Russian poet, diplomat and publicist. Author of more than 400 poems.
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on November 23 (December 5), 1803 in the Ovstug estate, Oryol province.
In Tyutchev’s biography, primary education was received at home. He studied poetry Ancient Rome and Latin. Then he studied at the University of Moscow in the department of literature.
After graduating from the university in 1821, he began working at the College of Foreign Affairs.
As a diplomat he goes to Munich. Subsequently, the poet spends 22 years abroad. Tyutchev’s great and most important love in life, Eleanor Peterson, was also met there. In their marriage they had three daughters.
The beginning of a literary journey
The first period in Tyutchev’s work falls on the years 1810-1820. Then youthful poems were written, very archaic and similar to the poetry of the last century.
The second period of the writer’s work (20s – 40s) is characterized by the use of forms of European romanticism and Russian lyrics. His poetry during this period became more original.
Return to Russia
And in 1844 Tyutchev returned to Russia. Since 1848, he has held the position of senior censor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the same time, he takes an active part in the Belinsky circle, whose participants also included Ivan Turgenev, Nikolai Nekrasov, Ivan Goncharov and others.
The third period of his work was the 50s - early 70s. Tyutchev's poems did not appear in print during this period, and he wrote his works mainly on political topics.
The biography of Fyodor Tyutchev in the late 1860s was unsuccessful both in his personal life and in his creative life. The collection of Tyutchev's lyrics, published in 1868, did not gain much popularity, to put it briefly.
Death and legacy
Troubles broke him, his health deteriorated, and on July 15, 1873, Fyodor Ivanovich died in Tsarskoye Selo. The poet was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Tyutchev's poetry numbers a little more than 400 poems. The theme of nature is one of the most common in the poet’s lyrics. So landscapes, dynamism, diversity of seemingly living nature are shown in such works by Tyutchev: “Autumn”, “Spring Waters”, “Enchanted Winter”, as well as many others. The image of not only nature, but also the mobility, power of streams, along with the beauty of water against the sky, is shown in Tyutchev’s poem “Fountain”.
Tyutchev's love lyrics are another of the poet's most important themes. A riot of feelings, tenderness, and tension are manifested in Tyutchev’s poems. Love, as a tragedy, as painful experiences, is presented by the poet in poems from a cycle called “Denisyevsky” (composed of poems dedicated to E. Denisyeva, the poet’s beloved).
Tyutchev's poems, written for children, are included in the school curriculum and are studied by students of different classes.
Tyutchev was a very amorous person. In his life there was a relationship with Countess Amalia, then his marriage to E. Peterson. After her death, Ernestina Dernberg became Tyutchev's second wife. But he also cheated on her for 14 years with another lover, Elena Denisyeva.
The poet dedicated poems to all his beloved women.
In total, the poet had 9 children from different marriages.
Remaining in public service all his life, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev never became a professional writer.
Tyutchev dedicated two poems to Alexander Pushkin: “To Pushkin’s Ode to Liberty” and “January 29, 1837.”
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