East Slavic union of tribes that lived in the basin of the upper and middle reaches of the Oka and along the Moscow River. The resettlement of the Vyatichi took place from the territory of the Dnieper left bank or from the upper reaches of the Dniester. The Vyatichi substratum was the local Baltic population. Vyatichi retained pagan beliefs longer than other Slavic tribes and resisted the influence of the Kievan princes. Rebelliousness and militancy are the hallmark of the Vyatichi tribe.
The tribal union of the Eastern Slavs of the 6th-11th centuries. They lived in the territories of the current Vitebsk, Mogilev, Pskov, Bryansk and Smolensk regions, as well as eastern Latvia. Formed on the basis of the alien Slavic and local Baltic population - the Tushemly culture. In the ethnogenesis of the Krivichi, the remnants of the local Finno-Ugric and Baltic - the Ests, Livs, Latgalians - tribes, who mixed with the numerous alien Slavic population, participated. Krivichi are divided into two large groups: Pskov and Polotsk-Smolensk. In the culture of the Polotsk-Smolensk Krivichi, along with Slavic elements of jewelry, there are elements of the Baltic type.
Slovenian Ilmen- a tribal union of the Eastern Slavs on the territory of Novgorod land, mainly in the lands near Lake Ilmen, in the neighborhood of the Krivichi. According to The Tale of Bygone Years, the Slovenes of Ilmen, together with the Krivichi, Chud and Merya, participated in the calling of the Varangians, who were related to the Slovenes - immigrants from the Baltic Pomerania. A number of historians consider the ancestral homeland of the Slovenes in the Dnieper region, others deduce the ancestors of the Ilmen Slovenes from the Baltic Pomerania, since the traditions, beliefs and customs, the type of dwellings of the Novgorodians and Polabian Slavs are very close.
Duleby- tribal union of Eastern Slavs. They inhabited the territory of the Bug River basin and the right tributaries of the Pripyat. In the 10th century Duleb union broke up, and their lands became part of Kievan Rus.
Volynians- East Slavic union of tribes, who lived on the territory on both banks of the Western Bug and at the source of the river. Pripyat. Volynians were first mentioned in Russian chronicles in 907. In the 10th century, the Vladimir-Volyn principality was formed on the lands of the Volynians.
Drevlyans- East Slavic tribal union, which occupied in the 6-10 centuries. the territory of Polissya, the Right Bank of the Dnieper, west of the glades, along the course of the Teterev, Uzh, Ubort, Stviga rivers. The habitat of the Drevlyans corresponds to the area of the Luka-Raikovets culture. The name Drevlyane was given to them because they lived in the forests.
Dregovichi- tribal union of Eastern Slavs. The exact boundaries of the Dregovichi habitat have not yet been established. According to a number of researchers, in the 6th-9th centuries, the Dregovichi occupied the territory in the middle part of the Pripyat River basin, in the 11th - 12th centuries, the southern border of their settlement passed south of Pripyat, the northwestern - in the watershed of the Drut and Berezina rivers, the western - in the upper reaches of the Neman River . When settling in Belarus, the Dregovichi moved from south to north to the Neman River, which indicates their southern origin.
Polochane- Slavic tribe, part of the tribal union of the Krivichi, who lived along the banks of the Dvina River and its tributary Polot, from which they got their name.
The center of the Polotsk land was the city of Polotsk.
Glade- a tribal union of Eastern Slavs, who lived on the Dnieper, in the area of \u200b\u200bmodern Kyiv. The very origin of the glades remains unclear, since the territory of their settlement was located at the junction of several archaeological cultures.
Radimichi- an East Slavic union of tribes that lived in the eastern part of the Upper Dnieper, along the Sozh River and its tributaries in the 8th-9th centuries. Convenient river routes passed through the lands of the Radimichi, connecting them with Kyiv. Radimichi and Vyatichi had a similar burial rite - the ashes were buried in a log house - and similar temporal female jewelry (temporal rings) - seven-rayed (for Vyatichi - seven-paste). Archaeologists and linguists suggest that the Balts, who lived in the upper reaches of the Dnieper, also participated in the creation of the material culture of the Radimichi.
northerners- East Slavic union of tribes that lived in the 9th-10th centuries along the Desna, Seim and Sula rivers. The origin of the name northerners is of Scythian-Sarmatian origin and is derived from the Iranian word "black", which is confirmed by the name of the city of northerners - Chernihiv. The main occupation of the northerners was agriculture.
Tivertsy- an East Slavic tribe that settled in the 9th century in the interfluve of the Dniester and Prut, as well as the Danube, including the Budzhak coast of the Black Sea on the territory of modern Moldova and Ukraine.
Uchi- East Slavic union of tribes that existed in the 9th - 10th centuries. Ulichi lived in the lower reaches of the Dnieper, Bug and on the Black Sea. The center of the tribal union was the city of Peresechen. For a long time, the Ulichi resisted the attempts of the Kiev princes to subjugate them to their power.
The ancestors of the Drevlian tribe are the Dulebs (an association of East Slavic tribes on the territory of Western Volhynia in the 6th - early 10th centuries). The places of settlement of the Drevlyans were the territory of the Ukrainian woodland, west of the glades and reached the villages of Volhynians, Buzhans and Dregoviches.
The occupation of the Drevlyans, like many tribes at that time (Polovtsy, Dregovichi, Khazars, Pechenegs and others), was cattle breeding and agriculture.
The Kyiv prince Oleg during his reign subjugated the Drevlyans, placing tribute on them. After the death of Prince Oleg, in 913, the Drevlyans expressed their refusal to pay tribute to the new prince Igor. In 914, he suppressed the resulting uprising and imposed tribute on the Drevlyans - more than it was under Prince Oleg
In 945, the Drevlyans again organized an uprising against Prince Igor (he wanted to collect a tribute higher than usual). They killed Prince Igor along with his military detachment. Princess Olga, having learned about the murder of her husband, arranged a cruel revenge on the Drevlyans. The embassies of the Drevlyans wooed her their princes, but Olga buried some of them alive in the ground, and burned the others. Then, she burned down their capital - Iskorosten, tying lit tows with sulfur to the paws of the Drevlyansk pigeons, returning home. During the fire, more than 4.5 thousand people of the Drevlyan people died.
So, in 946, the Drevlyans were finally attached to the Old Russian state.
Who were our ancestors before they became Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians.
The name Vyatichi, in all likelihood, comes from the Proto-Slavic vęt- “big”, like the names “Venedi” and “Vandals”. According to The Tale of Bygone Years, the Vyatichi descended "from the kind of Poles", that is, from the Western Slavs. The resettlement of the Vyatichi went from the territory of the Dnieper left bank and even from the upper reaches of the Dniester. In the basin of the Oka River, they founded their own state - Vantit, which is mentioned in the works of the Arab historian Gardizi.
The Vyatichi were an extremely freedom-loving people: the Kiev princes had to capture them at least four times.
The last time the Vyatichi as a separate tribe was mentioned in the annals was in 1197, but the legacy of the Vyatichi can be traced back to the 17th century. Many historians consider the Vyatichi the ancestors of modern Muscovites.
It is known that the Vyatichi tribes adhered to the pagan faith for a very long time. The chronicler Nestor mentions that this union of tribes had polygamy in the order of things. In the 12th century, the Vyatichi Christian missionary Kuksha Pechersky was killed, and only by the 15th century did the Vyatichi tribes finally accept Orthodoxy.
The Krivichi were first mentioned in the annals in 856, although archaeological finds indicate the emergence of the Krivichi as a separate tribe as early as the 6th century. The Krivichi were one of the largest East Slavic tribes and lived on the territory of modern Belarus, as well as in the regions of the Dvina and Dnieper regions. The main cities of the Krivichi were Smolensk, Polotsk and Izborsk.
The name of the tribal union comes from the name of the pagan high priest krive-krivaytis. Krive meant "curved", which could equally indicate the advanced years of the priest, as well as his ritual staff.
According to the legends, when the high priest could no longer perform his duties, he committed self-immolation. The main task of krive-krivaitis were sacrifices. Usually goats were sacrificed, but sometimes the animal could be replaced by a man.
The last tribal prince of the Krivichi Rogvolod was killed in 980 by the Novgorod prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich, who married his daughter. In the annals, the Krivichi are mentioned until 1162. Subsequently, they mixed with other tribes and became the ancestors of modern Lithuanians, Russians and Belarusians.
The meadows have nothing to do with Poland. It is believed that these tribes came from the Danube and settled on the territory of modern Ukraine. It is the meadows that are the founders of Kyiv and the main ancestors of modern Ukrainians.
According to legend, three brothers Kyi, Shchek and Khoriv with their sister Lybid lived in the Polyan tribe. The brothers built a city on the banks of the Dnieper and named it Kyiv, in honor of their elder brother. These brothers laid the foundation for the first princely family. When the Khazars imposed tribute on the fields, they paid them the first with double-edged swords.
Initially, the meadows were in a losing position, from all sides they were squeezed by more numerous and powerful neighbors, and the Khazars forced the glades to pay tribute to them. But by the middle of the 8th century, thanks to the economic and cultural upsurge, the meadows moved from waiting to offensive tactics.
Having seized many of the lands of their neighbors, in 882 the meadows themselves were under attack. Prince Oleg of Novgorod seized their lands, and declared Kyiv the capital of his new state.
The glade was last mentioned in chronicles in 944 in connection with Prince Igor's campaign against Byzantium.
Little is known about white Croats. They came from the upper reaches of the Vistula River and settled on the Danube and along the Morava River. It is believed that Great (White) Croatia, which was located on the spurs of the Carpathian Mountains, was their homeland. But in the 7th century, under pressure from the Germans and Poles, the Croats began to leave their state and go east.
According to The Tale of Bygone Years, White Croats participated in Oleg's campaign against Constantinople in 907. But the chronicles also testify that Prince Vladimir in 992 "went against the Croats." So the free tribe became part of Kievan Rus.
It is believed that the White Croats are the ancestors of the Carpathian Rusyns.
The Drevlyans have a bad reputation. The princes of Kiev twice imposed tribute on the Drevlyans for raising an uprising. The Drevlyans did not abuse mercy. Prince Igor, who decided to collect a second tribute from the tribe, was tied up and torn in two.
Prince Mal of the Drevlyans immediately wooed Princess Olga, who had just become a widow. She brutally dealt with his two embassies, and during the feast for her husband, she massacred the Drevlyans.
The princess finally subjugated the tribe in 946, when she burned their capital Iskorosten with the help of birds that lived in the city. These events went down in history as "Olga's four revenges on the Drevlyans." Interestingly, along with the glades, the Drevlyans are the distant ancestors of modern Ukrainians.
The name Dregovichi comes from the Baltic root "dreguva" - a swamp. Dregovichi - one of the most mysterious alliances of Slavic tribes. Almost nothing is known about them. At a time when the princes of Kiev were burning neighboring tribes, the Dregovichi "entered" into Russia without resistance.
It is not known where the Dregovichi came from, but there is a version that their homeland was in the south, on the Peloponnese peninsula. Dregovichi settled in the 9th-12th centuries on the territory of modern Belarus, it is believed that they are the ancestors of Ukrainians and Poleshchuks.
Before becoming part of Russia, they had their own reign. The capital of the Dregovichi was the city of Turov. Not far from there was the city of Khil, which was an important ritual center where sacrifices were made to pagan gods.
Radimichi were not Slavs, their tribes came from the west, forced out by the Goths back in the 3rd century, and settled in the interfluve of the upper Dnieper and Desna along the Sozh and its tributaries. Until the 10th century, the Radimichi retained their independence, were ruled by tribal leaders and had their own army. Unlike most of their neighbors, the Radimichi never lived in dugouts - they built huts with chicken stoves.
In 885, Prince Oleg of Kyiv asserted his power over them and obliged the Radimichi to pay tribute to him, which they had previously paid to the Khazars. In 907, the Radimichi army participated in Oleg's campaign against Tsargrad. Soon after this, the union of tribes was freed from the power of the Kiev princes, but already in 984 a new campaign against the Radimichi took place. Their army was defeated, and the lands were finally annexed to Kievan Rus. The last time radimichi are mentioned in the annals in 1164, but their blood still flows in modern Belarusians
Slovenes (or Ilmen Slovenes) are the northernmost East Slavic tribe. Slovenes lived in the basin of Lake Ilmen and the upper reaches of the Mologa. The first mention of Slovenes can be attributed to the VIII century.
Slovene can be called an example of vigorous economic and state development.
In the 8th century, they seized settlements in Ladoga, then established trade relations with Prussia, Pomerania, the islands of Rügen and Gotland, as well as with Arab merchants. After a series of civil strife, in the 9th century, the Slovenes called on the Varangians to reign. Veliky Novgorod becomes the capital. After that, Slovenes begin to be called Novgorodians, their descendants still live in the Novgorod region.
Despite the name, the northerners lived much further south than the Slovenes. The northerners inhabited the basins of the Desna, Seim, Seversky Donets and Sula rivers. The origin of the self-name is still unknown, some historians suggest Scythian-Sarmatian roots for the word, which can be translated as "black".
The northerners were different from other Slavs, they had thin bones and a narrow skull. Many anthropologists believe that the northerners belong to a branch of the Mediterranean race - the Pontic.
The tribal union of the northerners existed until the visit of Prince Oleg. Previously, the northerners paid tribute to the Khazars, but now they began to pay to Kiev. In just one century, the northerners mixed with other tribes and ceased to exist.
The streets were unlucky. Initially, they lived in the region of the lower Dnieper, but the nomads forced them out, and the tribes had to move westward to the Dniester. Gradually, the streets founded their own state, the capital of which was the city of Peresechen, located on the territory of modern Dnepropetrovsk.
With the coming to power of Oleg, the streets began the struggle for independence. Sveneld, the governor of the Kiev prince, had to conquer the lands of the convicted piece by piece - the tribes fought for every village and settlement. Sveneld besieged the capital for three years, until the city finally surrendered.
Even taxed, the streets tried to restore their own lands after the war, but soon a new misfortune came - the Pechenegs. The streets were forced to flee to the north, where they mingled with the Volhynians. In the 970s, the streets are mentioned in chronicles for the last time.
DREVLYANS, a union of East Slavic tribes in the 6th and early 12th centuries. in Polissya on the right bank of the Pripyat and in the basins of its right tributaries Goryp, Uzh and a tributary of the Dnieper river. Grouse. From the end of the 9th c. tributaries of the Old Russian state. After the uprising 945 946 ... ... Russian history
DREVLYANS, an association of East Slavic tribes between the Sluch and Teterev rivers, in the north near the Pripyat River. They bordered on the Dregovichi. From the end of the 9th c. depending on the Kievan princes. In 945 Prince Igor was killed. From 946 they were finally conquered by the princess ... ... Modern Encyclopedia
Union of East Slavic tribes in the 6th-10th centuries. north to the river Pripyat, between the river. Chance and Teterev. From con. 9th c. tributaries of Kievan Rus. After the Drevlyan uprising, they are completely subordinated to Kiev ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
The Drevlyans, one of the tribes of Russian Slavs, lived along Pripyat, Goryn, Sluch and Teterev. The name D., according to the chronicler, was given to them because they lived in the forests. Describing the morals of D., the chronicler exposes them, as opposed to his fellow tribesmen, the meadows, ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
Jan; pl. Union of East Slavic tribes in the Dnieper basin in the 6th-9th centuries. (became part of Kievan Rus in the 10th century). ◁ Drevlyansky, oh, oh. D e tribes. D e settlements. * * * The Drevlyans were a union of East Slavic tribes in the VI and early XII centuries, located ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Drevlyans- east. glory. a group of us. (tribe), formed in the 6th-7th centuries. Name originated from the characteristic wooded habitat of D. (according to the annals: Also, these Slavs came and sat down along the Dnieper and called themselves glades, and others Drevlyans, because they sat in the forests ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
The tribal association of the Eastern Slavs, which occupied in the 6th-10th centuries. territory of Polissya, Right-Bank Ukraine, west of the glades (See Polyany), along the course of pp. Black grouse, Uzh, Harvest, Stviga. In the west, the lands of D. reached the river. The case where the region began ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
One of the tribes of Russian Slavs, lived along Pripyat, Goryn, Sluch and Teterev. The name D., according to the chronicler, was given to them because they lived in the forests. Describing the morals of D., the chronicler exposes them as opposed to his fellow tribesmen, the glades by the people ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Vost. glory. tribal association, which occupied in the 6th-10th centuries. terr. Polissya, Right-Bank Ukraine, west of the meadows, along the river. Black grouse, Uzh, Harvest, Stviga. In the west, the lands of D. reached the river. The case where the region of Volhynians and Buzhans began, in the north to the territory ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Mn. The union of East Slavic tribes in the Dnieper basin in the 6th-10th centuries, which entered the 10th century. into Russia. Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova
Drevlyans - one of the tribal associations of the Eastern Slavs, in the VI-X centuries. occupying the forest strip of the Dnieper right bank and the basin of the Teterev, Pripyat, Uzh, Ubort, Stviga (Sviga) rivers, in Polissya and on the right bank of the Dnieper. In the west, they reached the Sluch River and the river. Goryn, northern and northwestern Pripyat, where they bordered on the Volhynians and Buzhans, in the north - with the Dregovichi, to the south, some researchers settled the Drevlyans up to Kyiv.
However, the decisive role in determining the boundaries of the settlement of the Drevlyans belongs to the burial mound archaeological material.
The analysis of burial mound materials was carried out in 1960 by I.P. Rusanova, who singled out mounds with a purely Drevlyanian feature - a thin layer of ash and coals above the burial. From here, the disputed border lay along the Teterev River and in the interfluve of the Teterev and its tributary Rostavitsy.
Probably, in the 6th-8th centuries, the burial rite was the main one. Here, the burnt bones, together with the ashes, were piled into clay urns belonging to the Prague-Korchak type of ceramics. But there is a part of the burials in barrowless burial grounds. Later burials of the 8th-10th centuries. are characterized by urnless burial of burnt ashes.
Burials, as a rule, do not contain any inventory. Rare finds of ceramics were stucco vessels of the Luka-Raikovets type and early pottery pots. Ring-shaped temporal rings with converging ends were also found.
In the 10th century, the rite of burning was replaced by the rite of burial on the horizon with the pouring of a mound with a layer of ash from a funeral pyre. The direction of the head is often western, only in 2 cases with the head to the east. Quite often there are coffins made of two longitudinal long boards and 2 short transverse ones, there were burials covered with birch bark. Poor inventory is in many ways similar to Volyn.
The kurgan burial rite finally disappears in the 13th century, like the rest of the Slavs.
The Drevlyans, who lived in dense forests, got their name from the word "tree" - a tree.
The Drevlyans had many cities, the largest of them - Iskorosten (modern Korosten, Zhytomyr region, Ukraine) on the Uzh River, which played the role of the capital, Vruchiy (modern Ovruch). In addition, there were also other cities - Gorodsk near the modern. Korostyshev, several others, whose names we do not know, but their traces remained in the form of settlements.
"The Tale of Bygone Years" reports that the Drevlyans "sedosh in the woods ... live in a beastly way, living like a beast: I kill each other, I eat all unclean, and they did not have a marriage, but a maiden was washed away by the water." The Drevlyans had a developed tribal organization - their reign and squad.
Archaeological monuments of the Drevlyans are the remains of numerous agricultural settlements with semi-dugout dwellings, barrowless burial grounds, burial mounds and fortified "grads" - the mentioned Vruchiy (modern Ovruch), the settlement near the town of Malin and many others.
At the end of the 1st millennium AD. e. the Drevlyans developed agriculture, handicrafts were less developed. The Drevlyans for a long time resisted their inclusion in Kievan Rus and Christianization. According to chronicle legends, during the time of Kiy, Shchek and Khoriv, “in the Drevly” there was their reign, the Drevlyans fought with the glades.
The Drevlyans were the most hostile East Slavic tribe in relation to the Polans and their allies, who formed the Old Russian state with its center in Kyiv.
In 883, the Kyiv prince Oleg the Prophet imposed tribute on the Drevlyans, and in 907 they participated in the Kiev army in a campaign against Byzantium. After Oleg's death, they stopped paying tribute. According to the chronicle, the widow of the Kiev prince Igor, who was killed by them, Olga destroyed the Drevlyan nobility, stormed several cities, including the capital of the Drevlyans, Iskorosten, and turned their lands into a Kiev inheritance with the center in the city of Vruchiy.
The name of the Drevlyans is last mentioned in the chronicles (1136), when their land was donated by the Grand Duke of Kiev Yaropolk Vladimirovich to the Church of the Tithes.
Russian Civilization
