L-410 UVP-E20 is a universal twin-engine aircraft of Czech production for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. Designed for operation on unprepared dirt, grass, snow areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an “off-road” aircraft.
The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, the L-410 was also supplied to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, and Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and during its long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation around the world.
Production site of Aircraft Industries in Kunovice, Czech Republic. The Aircraft Industries plant, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The company produces aircraft through a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design bureau and an airport.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year. About 80% of aircraft are supplied to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.
Production of parts on a CNC milling center from the French company Creneau:
Cleaning parts before molding:
Punching press:
Manufacturing of the wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center. Russian-made duralumin is used in production. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.
Assembly of the front wing:
Checking the quality of riveting on an airplane wing:
One L-410 aircraft uses about 185,000 rivets of different types and sizes:
Riveting work in the middle part of the fuselage:
Installation of floor panels:
Production of the rear fuselage:
Production of air intake parts for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for the Boeing 787 aircraft.
Aircraft Assembly Conveyor L-410 UVP-E20. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610. In one half of the building there are two production lines for new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a service workshop for aircraft coming out of service:
There are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop at the same time. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop. At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing for delivery to customers. Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1,150 aircraft of the L-410 family. More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.
The process of finishing the aircraft luggage compartment in the nose after completing the installation of electrical equipment:
Emergency exit door assembly:
The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible. Bow luggage compartment doors open:
Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally include devices from Russian manufacturers:
Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin:
Installation of electrical wiring harnesses:
Five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with a GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant for the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. It has been installed on all new aircraft since January 2013 and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR MAK.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of its own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant. The average age of the company's employees is 44 years:
Work on the GE H-80 engine, carried out by a company representative from Prague:
The final installation stage takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of production, as within its framework, engines, landing gear and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight testing takes just under a year.
Cockpit of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight and has an advanced Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and TCAS II. The L 410 is designed in the metric system (rather than inches), which is an exception in Western aviation:
This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation aircraft for training pilots at the Sasovo Flight School of Civil Aviation (Ryazan region).
Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarzh - chief test pilot of the plant:
Under the wing of an airplane, a view of the river. Morava and the town of Uhersky Ostrog:
Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana. Airplanes for exotic countries often have bright, memorable colors:
Leaving with a turn. Practical ceiling - 8,000 meters:
Approach to the runway. The L-410 aircraft can land both on a paved runway and on grass, soil and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation “Shortened Takeoff and Landing,” which also recalls the Russian roots of the aircraft:
Castle Novy Svetlov (1480), Bojkowice:
The medieval Gothic castle Buchlov (13th century) is located 10 km from Kunowice. Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia - the south-eastern region of the Czech Republic:
Velehrad Monastery (XIII century) is one of the main pilgrimage churches in the Czech Republic. In 863 - 866 Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in the city of Velegrad:
A prototype of the L-610M aircraft in Staroe Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city:
Let L-410 Turbolet is a Czech (Czechoslovakian) passenger and transport aircraft designed for regional transport. It can carry up to 19 passengers or 1.7 tons of cargo. Among the advantages of the model are its reliable design, safety, heat resistance (-50... +50 °C), and the ability to land on a short unpaved runway. The first prototype flew on April 16, 1969, and more than 1,200 units have been produced since production began in 1971. The main buyers of these machines are Russia and the CIS countries. They are also used in Asia, Africa, Europe and South America.
The development of the L-410 aircraft began in the mid-1960s by the Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice based on drawings from the Taganrog Beriev Design Bureau. The Soviet airline Aeroflot was looking for a replacement for its aging Antonov An-2 turboprop models. New aircraft were supposed to communicate with regional settlements located in various climatic zones - from the tundra to the subtropics. The most important conditions were compactness (capacity up to 20 passengers), high efficiency, short acceleration runway, and the ability to land on unpaved runways. The turboprop design was perfect for these purposes.
Production was entrusted to the Let company as a member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance of the socialist bloc. The XL-410 prototype carried out a test flight on April 16, 1969, under the control of factory pilots Vladimir Vlk and Frantisek Svinka. The first copies were equipped with Pratt Whitney Canada PT6-A27 engines and Hamilton Standard three-bladed propellers.
When development of the Czechoslovakian-built Walter M601 engines was completed, the PT6 powerplants were replaced by the M601A (later M601B) and the aircraft received the Avia V508 three-blade propeller. A sample with new equipment was prepared in 1973, and made its first flight in 1974. The model was labeled L-410M. In 1975, deliveries to the USSR began.
Turbolet belongs to the class of unpressurized all-metal aircraft, for this reason the flight altitude is limited to 4200 km above sea level. The aircraft is capable of flying above 6,000 km, but in this case the use of oxygen masks is required.
Two 3/5 blade turboprop engines are highly efficient and provide sufficient thrust for short-haul takeoffs. However, we had to sacrifice speed - 300-335 km/h in the old versions and 417 km/h in the new NG modification. However, for regional flights this is not critical.
The passenger compartment is compact, 5-7 rows. There are 2 chairs to the right of the aisle, and one to the left. The seats are quite comfortable. At the rear there is a toilet with a washbasin and a mini-wardrobe. There are VIP versions with a sofa (sleeper), soft armchairs, coffee table, TV, kitchen-bar and refrigerator.
Flight safety is ensured by a double hydraulic circuit (main and emergency) and an automatic descent system (availability depends on the modification) in the event of a breakdown of one of the engines. The main electrical system operates at 28 VDC. Anti-icing is provided by front pneumatic deicers, as well as electrically heated propellers, cockpit windshields and air pressure receivers.
The parameters of L-410 aircraft of various modifications are presented in the table.
Since 2014, a special version of the Let-410 E20 with skis on the chassis has been developed. In April 2017, this modification was successfully tested at a Russian polar station 100 kilometers from the North Pole, deployed on drifting ice.
This is a modification with a shortened takeoff and landing length, the takeoff length is only 456 m. It differs from the classic version:
The wings are equipped with spoilers and an automatic emergency control system (ABC). They help control the rate of descent (lift) and are triggered if one of the engines fails.
The first aircraft were equipped with M601B engines. Later, their own modification of the M601D power plants was developed for them. The model entered production in 1976.
The E series is the most common among UVP modifications. She has:
The most productive version is the L-410 UVP E20. It allows you to transport 1.8 tons of cargo or 19 passengers. Can be equipped with a pair of Walter M601E (2×750 hp) or GE H80-200 (2×800 hp) engines. External fuel tanks can be installed at the end of the wing. The first flight took place in 1984, serial production started a year later.
In March 2018, serial production of an improved version of the UVP E-20 began. She received the index L-410NG. The twin-engine turboprop transport/passenger aircraft manufactured by the Czech company Aircraft Industrie received an extended fuselage, which increased the volume of the luggage compartment.
The model is equipped with:
The new engine meets strict European noise and environmental standards. The carrying capacity was increased by 400 kg, the speed was increased to 417 km/h, and the flight range was a record 2,570 km for this model. The operating altitude remains the same - 4200 m, maximum ceiling - 6096 m. The aircraft can operate continuously for up to 10 hours.
The Czech aircraft manufacturer Aircraft Industrie has created the following Turbolet modifications over the years:
The L-410 Turbolet model turned out to be extremely successful. So much so that it is still produced in various variations. Compact dimensions, short acceleration, flexible requirements for runways, the ability to transport both passengers and cargo, high efficiency, and low operating costs allowed the equipment to gain a foothold in the market of Eastern Europe and especially Russia for a long time.
The L-410 is produced by Aircraft Industries (formerly Let Kunovice) from the Czech city of Kunovice. Today the enterprise belongs to the Russian Group of Companies “Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company”. According to available data, about 1,200 units were sold from 1971 to 2016. There are currently about 350 aircraft of this brand in operation around the world, both in civil and military versions. Approximately 50 boards are used in Europe.
Several years ago, a project was launched to localize the production of Turbolet in Russia. On July 7, 2015, specialists from the Ural Civil Aviation Plant in Yekaterinburg assembled the first aircraft from Czech vehicle kits. In the future, it is planned to increase the share of spare parts, components and mechanisms manufactured by domestic manufacturers.
Turbolet is operated by air forces and civil airlines in more than two dozen countries in Europe, Central and South America, South Asia, and North and Central Africa. Among commercial air carriers, the following companies have the largest fleet of Let L-410 aircraft (according to data for 2006-2016):
According to data for 2012-2016, military modifications are in service with the armies of Russia (27 copies), Libya (15), Slovakia (8), Czech Republic (6), Tunisia (3), Bulgaria (2), Honduras (2), Comoros (2), Estonia (2), Bangladesh (1), Djibouti (1), Latvia (1), Lithuania (1), Slovenia (1).
Among them is the Let L-410 aircraft. This is a versatile aircraft with two engines. It is used at short distances. There are only 19 seats in the cabin. It was developed at the Czech factory Let.
Turbolet Let L-410 is the full name of this aircraft. It is convenient because it can be landed on a variety of types of sites and runways - unpaved, snowy or not very long. It is used in military and civilian transport.
In the 60s last century In the USSR, the creation of a new type of aircraft that would be used on domestic and short routes was discussed. The first developments have begun at the Beriev Design Bureau. This is how the type appeared Be-30. At the same time, they began to design such a model in the Czech SSR.
The aircraft had to be economical, so they considered using turboprop engines rather than jet engines.
In 1969 The first tests of Czech aircraft began. They used American engines. By the end of the 60s was produced 31 aircraft.
In 1974 L-410M with Czech engines was presented. Five years later, a new, improved modification of this aircraft was released - L-410UVP. It differed from the previous ones in its elongated fuselage, large wings, and vertical tail.
It was certified in the USSR and began to be used
Other modifications to this model were also made. They have Takeoff and landing performance was improved and cabin noise was reduced.
The cockpit of the Let L-410.
Now they are used in flight schools for training in preparation for long-distance flights or military transportation.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, attempts were made to restore the operation of the Let plant. Demand for the L-410 fell and production was slowed. The popularity of this model also decreased because the number of its participation increased. Total 106 cars was lost in this way with the total number of victims 406 people.
In 2013 The Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company bought a full stake in the plant, so three years later they decided to produce this aircraft again.
Its aerodynamic design is classical. It is a high-wing aircraft with two turboprop engines. Its tail unit is single-finned.
You can see a photo of the Let L-410 aircraft below.
The length of L-410 reaches 14.4 meters. Wingspan - 20 m. Aircraft height - 8 m. Its maximum take-off weight is 6,600 kg, and landing - 6,400 kg. Empty aircraft weight - 4,150 kg.
It can fly routes with a range up to 1,540 km, and with maximum load - up to 1,040 km. Its cruising speed is 310 km/h, and the maximum is 400 km/h.
The L-410 is flown by two pilots. The salon can fit from 15 to 19(the exact quantity depends on the modification).
One of these types is L-410UVP. The last three letters indicate one of the characteristics of the L-410 aircraft of this modification - “short takeoff and landing.” This is a short-haul aircraft. He soared into the sky in 1976 first time. It was equipped with Soviet-Czech avionics.
The second common model is L-410NG. He has installed integral wing tanks. This made it possible to increase the capacity of the fuel system, which in turn influenced for flight range.
The engines develop more power, and the cockpit is equipped with avionics to new standards. The volume of the front luggage compartment has also been increased.
By 2017, they want to put this modification into mass production again.
Let L 410 “Turbolet” is a universal nineteen-seat twin-engine aircraft for regional airlines. The aircraft with shortened takeoff and landing capabilities (UVP in the name L410 UVPE20 means the Russian abbreviation for “Short Takeoff and Landing”) was developed by the Let design bureau of the plant. Intended for use on grass, dirt, snow unprepared sites, as well as at airports with short runways. It is still produced at the Czech Let plant. Other names: Turbolet, Let, L410, Let L410, colloquial - Elka, Cheburashka.
History of production and creation
Design of the aircraft began in 1966. For the first time, an experimental aircraft equipped with a Pratt&Whitney RT6A27 (2x715 hp) theater engine passed flight tests on 04/16/1969. The regular use of L410A aircraft was first opened at the end of 1971 by the Czechoslovak aviation company Slov Air (Bratislava), which served local airlines - by the beginning of 1974 it acquired twelve aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. 5 aircraft (number 72010306 and number 720201) L410A with RT6A27 engines, built under the name L410AS by 1972, were transferred to the Soviet Union in 1973. The planes received Soviet registration numbers USSR67251 - USSR67255. The first of them was brought to the airfield by Frantisek Svinka, a Czech test pilot. The people at the airport immediately called the cute plane “Cheburashka”.
In 1973, flight tests of the L410M aircraft, equipped with Czech Walter M601A theater engines, began. The L410M became the second production variation of the Turbolet. In total, by the end of 1978, one hundred L410M/MU aircraft were delivered to the Ministry of Civil Aviation of the Soviet Union.
In 1979, production of an improved modification L410UVP began, which became the main production model. This aircraft differed from previous versions by a longer fuselage, larger dimensions of the vertical tail and wing, the use of spoilers and a Walter M601B theater engine (2x730 hp). This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was taken into use by Aeroflot. A further development was the L410UVPE version with more powerful TVDM601E. The first flight of such an aircraft took place on December 30, 1984. It has improved takeoff and landing performance and reduced noise levels in the cabin. In 1986 certified in the Soviet Union. A modification of the L420 has been developed with powerful TVDM601 °F (2x778 hp), a higher take-off weight (6.8 tons) and improved flight properties (flight tests of the aircraft started in 1993).
By the beginning of 1992, 750 L410 aircraft remained in the Soviet Union.
Used in military and civilian flight schools for preliminary training of future military transport and long-range aviation pilots.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union and Comecon in the 1990s, the demand for L410 aircraft fell, and the rate of their production decreased more than tenfold (from 50 aircraft per year to two to five). The situation has improved significantly since 2008, when 51 percent of the shares of Let Kunovice (Aircraft Industries) were bought by the Russian company Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company. The production rate in 2010-2012 was eight to ten aircraft per year. They plan to increase the annual production rate to 16-18 aircraft.
In 2013, the L410 UVPE20 modification was produced, equipped with analog or digital avionics (to choose from), TCAS system, and autopilot. L410 UVPE20 has an ARMAK type certificate.
OJSC Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company acquired 49 percent of the shares of LetKunovice (Aircraft Industries) in September 2013. UMMC thus became the sole owner of Aircraft Indistries, bringing its shareholding to 100 percent.
The aerodynamic design is a turboprop twin-engine high-wing aircraft with a single-fin tail.
Length: 14.487m.
Height: 5.83m.
Wingspan: 19.478m.
Wing area: 34.86 sq.m.
Flight range: 1500km.
Maximum speed: 395 km/h.
Ceiling: 8000m.
Number of passenger seats: 19 seats.
Crew: 2 people.
Motor type: 2×TVD GEH80200
Takeoff power: 2×800hp
Propeller type: 2×AVIA AV725.
Number of blades on the propeller: 5.
Propeller diameter: 2.3m.
Empty weight: 4050 kg.
Maximum take-off weight: 6600 kg.
Fuel mass in main tanks: 1000 kg.
Weight of fuel in end tanks: 300 kg.
How L-410 aircraft are made in the Czech Republic helio wrote in December 4th, 2013
L-410 UVP-E20 is a universal twin-engine aircraft of Czech production for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. Designed for operation on unprepared dirt, grass, snow areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an aircraft in the “off-road” category. The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, the L-410 was also supplied to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, and Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and during its long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation around the world.
Production site of Aircraft Industries in Kunovice, Czech Republic.
The Aircraft Industries plant, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The company produces aircraft through a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design bureau and an airport.
L-410 fuselage parts production workshop. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing production - light green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year.
About 80% of aircraft are supplied to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.
Production of parts on a CNC milling center from the French company Creneau.
Cleaning parts before molding
Forming a part on a press
Punching press
Design documentation - interceptor drawing
Manufacturing of the wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center.
The production uses Russian duralumin produced by OJSC Kamensk-Ural Metallurgical Plant. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.
Wing panel production
Assembly of the front wing
Checking the quality of riveting on an airplane wing
One L-410 aircraft uses about 185,000 rivets of different types and sizes
Riveting work in the middle part of the fuselage
Installation of floor panels
Production of the rear fuselage
Production of engine air intake parts
Production of air intake parts for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for the Boeing 787 aircraft.
Assembly conveyor for L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610.
In one half of the building there are two production lines for new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a service workshop for aircraft coming out of service.
There are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop at the same time. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop.
At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing for delivery to customers.
Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1,150 aircraft of the L-410 family.
More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.
The process of finishing the luggage compartment of an aircraft in the nose after completing the installation of electrical equipment
Emergency exit door assembly
The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible.
The forward luggage compartment doors are open.
Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally include devices from Russian manufacturers
Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin
Installing Wiring Harnesses
Installation of electrical wires on an aircraft wing in the area of the engine nacelle
Five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with a GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant for the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. It has been installed on all new aircraft since January 2013 and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR MAK.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of its own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant.
The average age of the company's employees is 44 years.
Work on the GE H-80 engine, carried out by a representative of GE Aviation Czech, Prague (former Walter plant).
The final installation stage takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of production, as within its framework, engines, landing gear and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand Euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight testing takes just under a year.
Cockpit of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft.
The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight and has an advanced Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and TCAS II. The L 410 is designed in the metric system (rather than inches), which is an exception in Western aviation.
This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation aircraft for training pilots at the Sasovo Flight School of Civil Aviation (Ryazan region).
Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarz is the chief test pilot of the plant.
Under the wing of an airplane, a view of the river. Morava and the town of Uhersky Ostrog
Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana.
Airplanes for exotic countries often have bright, memorable colors.
Leaving with a turn
Practical ceiling - 8000 meters
Approaching the runway.
The L-410 aircraft can land both on a paved runway and on grass, soil and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation “Shortened Takeoff and Landing,” which also recalls the Russian roots of the aircraft.
Castle Novy Svetlov (1480), Bojkowice.
The medieval Gothic castle Buchlov (13th century) is located 10 km from Kunowice.
Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia – the south-eastern region of the Czech Republic.
Velehrad Monastery (XIII century) is one of the main pilgrimage churches in the Czech Republic.
In 863 - 866 Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in the city of Velegrad.
A prototype of the L-610M aircraft in Staroe Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city.
