An English (landscape) garden assumes naturalness in the placement of elements and greater smoothness of lines, imitating the natural landscape: winding paths, picturesque ponds, “natural” compositions of plants that are planted in tiers (trees, shrubs, undergrowth, flowers).
Japanese style In a Japanese garden, a model of the world is created in a limited space; it is a smaller copy of the landscape. The main elements of such gardens are small lakes with arched bridges, pavilions with tiled roofs, compositions made of natural stones
Country style incorporates bright spots of flower beds, an abandoned bench in an old orchard, fragrant thickets of lilac and jasmine, sun-drenched green lawns - in general, everything that gives our soul a feeling of joy and serenity and is so attractive in country life. It is this direction of landscape design that is closest to the mentality and most acceptable for the majority of our domestic gardeners.
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Technology teacher - Zhuravleva S.S.
In ancient Egypt, the first “pleasure gardens” appeared among wealthy priests. Their images, where they relax in the shade of trees and enjoy the taste of fruit, can be seen on ancient Egyptian frescoes. Ancient gardens
Hanging Gardens of Babylon in Babylon. This structure consisted of 4 terraces, towering above each other. The two lower terraces were planted with trees, and the upper ones with shrubs and flowers.
In Thebes, the ancient city of Greece, the pergola became widespread at that time. It was such an “airy” structure, decorated with bunches of grapes or other plants, which stretched along the entire territory of the yard. And the arbors were entwined with different types of roses.
In China and Japan, landscape art originated in ancient times. Garden styles in these countries were formed under the influence of ancient philosophies and primordial religions that called for the unity of nature and man. The gardens of China and Japan are characterized by peace, tranquility and silence. They necessarily included water features, gazebos and stones.
The Renaissance of the XIV-XVI centuries became a certain milestone in the formation of landscape art. In the parks of that era, an abundance of sculptures appeared, entire sculptural alleys were created, spreading trees and tall shrubs were planted, and artificial reservoirs were created. Medieval and Modern Gardens
In the 17th century, classic regular parks with straight ribbons of numerous paths were in fashion. Around the same time, the concepts of garden and park were divided in Europe. Gardens began to be used more for privacy and relaxation. And parks have become places for various celebrations with a large number of people. The parks hosted theatrical performances, concerts, and illumination evening celebrations.
Regular park
By the 18th century, the regular direction, then fashionable in Europe, was replaced by landscape painting, which came from the East. Public parks have become closer to nature. The routes of the paths in them were thought out in such a way as to combine places with the most beautiful landscapes.
Landscape style
In Russia, landscape art developed almost at the same pace as European art. However, the most recent trends in Russia appeared when Peter I “cut” a window to Europe. History of landscape design in Russia
In the 17th century, amusement parks and botanical greenhouses appeared in Russia. Particularly popular were labyrinth parks, the paths of which were separated by high hedges. And soon, flower beds with fragrant flowers were replaced by flower beds with bulbous plants: daffodils, tulips, hyacinths - a kind of greeting from friendly Holland.
Park labyrinth
Landscape design of modern times The change of directions and styles, in any country, has never happened spontaneously. Styles seemed to be layered on top of each other, new trends gradually replaced older trends. This layering is especially noticeable during the 19th century.
The twentieth century brought major changes not only to the history of landscape design, but also to garden architecture. New enchanting buildings have appeared, thanks to which the border between the home interior and the garden landscape has become almost invisible.
Today in the world there are gardens of any direction and style. There is no predominance of one style or another. Moreover, mixing several styles and using some creatively processed elements is encouraged. However, the history of the development of landscape art did not stop there; it is being improved to this day. Because people constantly come up with new ideas. Everyone creates a garden to their own taste, and as a result new styles appear. This is how the further development of this beautiful art occurs.
Landscape design
Fine art lesson
in 8th grade
art and drawing teacher
MBOU secondary school No. 44
Surgut, Tyumen region
Landscape design
These are practical actions for landscaping and landscaping
The main task of landscape design
Today, landscape design is a separate art, the main task of which is to create harmony and beauty in the reality around us.
Story
Versailles, France
Landscape design is a concept of the 20th century. The term originated in Western Europe, primarily in densely populated and industrialized countries: Great Britain, Germany, where mass industrialization and the growth of suburbs quickly led to pressure on the environment. Gardens and parks had to be saved, and at the same time, their garden plots had to be decorated with plantings.
Basic elements of landscape design
1. building, forming the center of the landscape project;
2. lawn covering, formed by various kinds of herbs.
3. green spaces in the form of individual trees, shrubs, flowers, as well as their combinations and entire ensembles (garden, flower bed, etc.)
4. Various decorative elements(lake, pond, stream, fountain, stones, sculpture).
5. More small artistic details(musical pendant, lamp, candles, etc.)
Landscape Design Styles
Rural (country) style - it is close to nature and rural life. In addition to decorative plants (shrubs, trees, flowers) and fruit-bearing plants. Natural materials are used for buildings, fences and roads: brick, wood, stone.
English landscape style
It almost does not use clear geometric shapes; all elements of this garden should fit seamlessly into the natural landscape. An English garden is characterized by terraces, ponds, smooth green lawns, shrubs and trees (for shady, cozy corners), and the use of water plants.
Japanese landscape style
The main thing for the Japanese style is the coordinated arrangement of stones, which will be not only a decorative element, but also a semantic one, because the Japanese garden is intended for observation and philosophical reflection. A garden in this style is characterized by the use of a huge number of stones (the central element), low-growing plants, ponds, and winding paths.
Landscape style "Modern"
The Modern landscape style is characterized by division into various functional zones. This landscape style is characterized by smooth lines and neatness. There are few plants in the Modern landscape style, but they need to be selected carefully and placed as thoughtfully as possible.
Wonders of landscape design
Maid of Mud. Heligan Garden in the UK
Practical work
Draw a sketch of the landscape on the site of a house or cottage, garden or park, on a city street.
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Landscape design and landscaping of the site Geography teacher Tatyana Yakovlevna Khobotova Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 3 of Petrovsk, Saratov region Presentation for a panorama lesson on ecology in the 8th grade
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Landscape ecology 8th grade. The course “Introduction to Landscape Ecology” sets the goal of forming in students an idea of the landscape as part of the geographical envelope, the components of which are interdependent. Acquaintance with the typologies and specifics of the study of landscape ecology - the natural-anthropogenic landscape and approaches to the analysis of its ecological state. It is recommended to study the course using examples of specific situations.
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Goals and objectives... Expand your horizons in landscape design Understand what landscape design is. Improve skills and abilities in working with additional material and the latest information technologies. Learn how to properly arrange and landscape areas. Develop “your own” types of landscape design in our region.
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The role of landscape for humans The cultural landscape should be beautiful. The benefit of an aesthetic landscape is to maintain a person’s physical and spiritual health and educational potential. There are many cultural landscape ensembles in Russia (St. Petersburg, Tsarskoe Selo, Peterhof). Landscape designers work on the creation of cultural landscapes. With the cultural landscape, the material and spiritual wealth of the nation accumulated over centuries is passed on from era to era. The cultural landscape environment grows and shapes future generations. People build and protect their native landscapes, and landscapes educate people.
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Recommendations for creating landscape design Landscape design of a site involves the artificial creation of an environment using natural components. Of course, much when developing a landscape design project depends on the soil, topography and climate.
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A landscape designed in accordance with a certain style can create a special atmosphere and transport your home to another era only if the landscape design project is fully consistent with the architectural style of the house itself. As a rule, there are two main styles of landscape design - formal and landscape. In the first case, it will be a landscape design, the main elements of which are strictly defined figures; in the second, the design is designed to emphasize the natural beauty of nature.
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Today, there are a lot of elements of landscape design of a site, the use of which will create a unique landscaping of the territory. The most common of them are large-sized ones, alpine slides, flower beds and flower beds
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Irrigation system for areas Watering is essential for plants, and no matter where the water comes from, it refreshes the plants and is absorbed into the soil, carrying nutrients to the roots of the plants. Therefore, it is so important to think over the irrigation system for the site and install an automatic watering system. Of course, you can water the area with a watering can or drag hoses around the area with various attachments, however, recently the use of an automatic watering system has become increasingly popular.
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Landscape lighting, landscape lighting design In autumn and winter, your garden quickly plunges into darkness. Landscape lighting will help you be outdoors in the evenings. In the summer twilight, landscape lighting will allow you to enjoy peace, be alone or sit with family and friends. A competent landscape lighting design for your site will make any corner of it accessible at any time of the day. Landscape lighting uses both tall lanterns and directional lighting. There are different types of landscape lighting controls.
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Landscaping and landscaping When choosing seedlings for landscaping the area, try to imagine how harmoniously their foliage will fit into the overall palette of the site: will it shade it beautifully, will it be able to match the color, shape and color intensity with the landscape
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Finishing with natural stone Finishing with natural stone will emphasize the beauty of your home and the area adjacent to it and unite all the details into a single whole. We use natural stone finishing in landscape work in almost all areas. Using natural stone in its natural or processed form, you can decorate the facade or basement of a house, or decorate a fireplace room or winter garden with natural stone. And the landscape of your site using natural stone to design winding paths, rock gardens and ponds, grottoes, and waterfalls will be especially expressive.
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Creating flower beds, decorating flower beds Creating flower beds and decorating flower beds can make any garden more interesting. You can achieve extraordinary and long-lasting flowering of the garden - after all, in addition to snowdrops, chionodoxes and hellebores bloom in early spring, and autumn crocuses, crocuses and some cyclamen see off the year. Everywhere there is a huge variety of seeds of annuals, perennials for mixborders, plants for rockeries, and bulbs. Of course, you can create flower beds and design flower beds yourself. But this time-consuming, painstaking task can take up all your free time.
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In order to get a spectacular flowerbed or lawn, it is necessary to select plants in such a way that they are not only nearby, but also have similar “tastes” (temperature, light, air humidity). Thus, one of the secrets of successful landscaping is correctly selected plants that will meet all the goals set. The more suitable conditions are provided for plants, the better they will develop, and, therefore, the longer they will decorate your site.
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Landscape styles The regular style of park landscape, which is often called French, is the brainchild of the era of absolutism. The basic principle of a regular style in landscape design is order and regularity in everything. A French-style park is built according to a single plan, subordinated to a certain general idea. All the lines of this park are geometrically correct, its paths are usually straight, and if not, then the lines of their bends are drawn on the plan using a compass.
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Chinese landscape style The traditional Chinese garden is called a reflection of the soul of its owner. And just as the human soul is unique, so is the appearance of the garden. It can embody elements of local tradition, the philosophical and religious views of the owner or creator of the garden, and the characteristics of his personal character. In a Chinese-style garden, it is very difficult to determine the line between artificial and natural, between the creation of human hands and nature. The Chinese garden always strives for perfection, for the ideal in the relationship between land and water, hills and plains, plants and open space. The main principles of a Chinese garden are hierarchy and harmony. Therefore, in the landscape of a Chinese garden there is always a certain center, a key composition, to which other elements are subordinate.
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It can occupy a corner or niche inside or outside the house and extend a couple of steps from the wall. And the size of the trees will match the size of the garden - but these will be real mature trees. The art of growing them is also part of the Japanese tradition, and today such dwarf trees, called bonsai, are also known throughout the world. But in Europe they are most often grown in pots on the windowsill, and in Japan they can be part of a full-fledged garden. Japanese garden In a Japanese garden there is never anything excessive, pretentious, or standing out from the general background. There is no riot of colors or bizarre variety of plants here. And at the same time, there is nothing secondary or redundant here that you can do without. A Japanese garden may consist of one tree. Or from several trees located in accordance with a certain philosophical idea, which can only be comprehended through meditation.
Municipal educational institution "Amvrosievskaya school No. 6" of the Amvrosievsky district of the DPR
Landscape design
Performed by art teacher Yulia Eduardovna Stelmakh
History of landscape design
The history of landscape design goes back to ancient times. In fact, landscape design developed along with the development of civilization. Each era had its own characteristics. Starting from ancient Persia and ancient China, landscape design continued its development in ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece. The Renaissance era gave a qualitative leap in the history of landscape design, harmonizing highly artistic works of architecture and nature.
Landscape design is a concept of the 20th century itself. The term originated in Western Europe, primarily in densely populated and industrialized countries: Great Britain, Germany, where mass industrialization and the growth of suburbs quickly led to pressure on the environment.
Landscape design- art and practical actions in landscaping, landscaping, organizing gardens and parks, lawns, slides, and the use of small architectural forms in green construction.
The main task of landscape design - creating harmony and beauty in combination with the convenience of using the infrastructure of buildings, smoothing out the conflict between urban forms and nature, which often suffers from them.
Tasks landscape design plots- this is, first of all, the creation of harmonious and beautiful landscapes, as well as the optimization of space and the implementation of opportunities to functionally use the territory.
Nature and design
On our land there are beautiful places created by nature. And there are also unique and beautiful parks where people have contributed their hand and imagination. Creative fantasies realized in flower beds, green spaces, and artificial lakes stun the imagination with their unusualness and beauty.
Photos of the most beautiful parks in the world
New York Central Park
The Lord created the Earth and came up with many things to make it beautiful! Water, plants, stones, trees, flowers, birds, animals - all this decorates the Earth. Also, the Lord created man the creator not only to enjoy this beauty, but also to create it.
Gorky Park, Moscow.
Park Guell. Barcelona
Keukenhof park. Netherlands
Suan Nong Nooch Garden Park.
Nature has a great potential reserve of beauty, and humanity is discovering it, embodying all its original ideas in new design styles.
Gardens and park of Versailles.
Prak "Iguazu". Argentina-Brazil
Butchart Gardens. Canada
Ashikaga Flower Park. Japan
Zhangjiajie Park. China
Lower Peterhof Park. Russia
Amazingly beautiful and incredible parks have become not easy for people
corners of heaven on earth, but also places of philosophical reflection. Save
and enhance natural beauty, not destroy! This is the task of humanity!
Creating a sketch of a garden space.
“Small (theme) park in our city”
The basis of the park composition is the demonstration and disclosure of the specifics of a certain topic. As a rule, the theme of the park can cover any area of activity. The park can be dedicated to culture, art, architecture, literature, science, any kind of production, education, medicine, sports, etc., etc.
Based on the disclosure of the features, secrets and “secrets” of any of the listed types of activities in the park environment, a semantic scenario of the park is built. What could be the theme of a small city park? For example, in the field of nature: “park landscapes of the earth”, “jungle”, “park of anomalous zones of the earth”; in the field of culture: “cinema park”, “folk art park”, “park of folk traditions and rituals”; art park: “sculpture park”, “applied art park”, “music park”. Park of Literature: “park of fairy tales”, “park of literary heroes”; architecture park: “park of cities of the future” or history park “park of the history of the development of states”; “Knowledge Park”, “Geography Park”, “Astronomy Park”, “Sports Park”, “Olympic Games Park”, etc.
We see that there can be a great variety of theme parks and in quantities unlimited by imagination. But it is necessary to take into account that any park is practically a social order of society (city).
So try to fulfill your order - in your city!
Practical task:
Creating a sketch of a garden space
Photo of the city park
Landscape organization of the park
Original ideas brought to life!
A flowerbed is a flower garden that must have a regular geometric shape, with flowers planted in a pattern.
The size of the flower bed should be comparable to the area of the plot. It is best to place flower beds in the garden at the main entrance, in front of the windows of the house
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