Stairs. Entry group. Materials. Doors. Locks. Design

HINGED RESCUE LADDER "SSS": rungs made of high-quality selected wood and high-strength (1400 kgf) polyamide cord are used for manufacturing. Component materials processed fire retardant composition. Mandatory equipment with special bags with identification stripes and instructions. It can be equipped with a crossbar with stop wheels.

They are distinguished by the lowest price with consistently high reliability and quality.
+ Possibility of use at low temperatures.

HINGED RESCUE LADDER "SSS-M": metal rungs and steel rope are used for manufacturing. Mandatory special equipment. bags with identification stripes, instructions and stop wheels.

The most reliable and easy to use rescue kit

The price characteristic is the most favorable of analogues existing on the market

HINGED RESCUE LADDER "SSS-K": has a combined design: the initial 1.5 m working length is made of metal cable and metal rungs, the remaining working length is made of high-strength polyamide cord and wooden rungs; reliable fastening of the structural parts to each other is ensured by a metal thimble . Combines the advantages of two types of rescue ladders: protection from fire and the ability to use at low temperatures.

Mandatory special equipment. bags with identification stripes and instructions. It can be equipped with a crossbar with stop wheels.

Manual fire ladders LP, LSh, L-3k designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of burning buildings, as well as to rescue people caught in fire in the premises of storey buildings.

Rescue fire rope VSP

Fire rescue rope (FRR) is manufactured according to technical specifications TU-8153-002-26273020-96 and is designed to ensure the implementation of priority rescue operations when extinguishing fires and liquidating emergency situations indoors and outdoors at temperatures environment from minus 40 to 50 C.

The EPS is made of polyamide rope, the ends of which are embedded in metal thimbles and protected with heat-shrinkable sleeves.

Parameter name	Norm
1. Maximum permissible static load, N (kgf)
3. Length, m VPS-30 VPS-50	30+0,5 50+0,5
4. Weight, kg, no more VPS-30 VPS-50
5. Diameter, mm
6. Relative elongation when exposed to a load of 75% of the breaking load, %
7. Resistance to hazardous fire factors, with: exposure at a temperature of 600 0C contact with a steel rod heated to 450 0C contact with open flame	10 30 30
8. Dynamic strength	Holding a load weighing 100 kg after it falls from a height of 2 m

Hanging rescue ladders "ССС" from 6 to 21 meters

The hinged rescue ladder "SSS" is designed for self-evacuation of people from premises in emergency and emergency situations, in case of fires, in case of exposure to aggressive environments, until rescuers arrive. A small-sized, simple and reliable rescue kit for evacuating people from buildings can be brought into working position in a minimum amount of time.
Evacuation of people using SSS rescue ladders does not require special training (go to usage diagram) :

For the manufacture of the hinged rescue ladder "SSS" (TU: 4854-001-23076997-99), crossbars from high-quality selected wood and high-strength polyamide cord (1450 kg tensile strength) were used. The components are treated with a fire retardant compound. Recommended length up to 15m. Working load 320 kg. Destructive load 1000 kg*. Must be equipped with special bags with identification stripes and instructions. During the last tests at a load of 1000 kg, there was no damage. Typical failure: shear of the crossbar under a load of 1200 kg without breaking the cord.

Rescue ladder

The hinged rescue ladder "LNS-00" (the number after the abbreviation means the length of the ladder in meters) provides the possibility of emergency descent of people from a window (balcony, loggia) of a building to the ground or to lower floors in the event of an emergency.

LNS delivery set: ladder, carabiner, bracket, stowage bag, passport. For an additional fee, a metal container is supplied for storing the ladder at the hanging location.

The staircase consists of two flexible strings (side ropes), made of galvanized steel rope, on which metal steps are fixed. At the top of the stairs, the bowstrings are brought together into a cable ending in a loop. This design allows you to attach the ladder with a carabiner not only to the standard fastening unit (bracket), but also to a suitable size load-bearing element of the building structure.

The stair treads have a traction-improving coating. The lower stage is colored (red or yellow) for easy hanging and folding of the LNS.

On some of the steps, plastic stops are installed at certain intervals, designed to remove the LNS from the wall, which increases the safety and convenience of people descending.
The bracket is mounted on the wall and is intended for hanging a ladder.

In standby mode, the ladder is in the folded position in a stowage bag or metal container.

The stairs are manufactured in 8 standard sizes.

Parameter name	LNS-6	LNS-9	LNS-12	LNS-15	LNS-18	LNS-21	LNS-24	LNS-29
Staircase length, m
Floor of the building corresponding to the length of the stairs
Weight of the ladder, kg
Overall dimensions in the bag: length, width, height, mm	430 300 300	430 300 300	430 340 440	430 340 440	430 340 500	430 340 500	430 340 620	430 340 620
Stair width, mm
Step diameter, mm
Step pitch (distance between steps), mm

Rope rescue ladder LAN

The name of indicators	Nominal values
	5 - 19 m with 0.5 m intervals, 19 - 30 m with 1 m intervals
Step diameter
Stair width

Rope rescue ladder with stops (LNSU-V)

Difference from LAN: Presence of stops Steps are made of aluminum pipe D 28 mm Step pitch 350 mm

Rope rescue ladder with chain (LVSC)

"A reliable and easy-to-use rescue device that can be brought into working position in a minimum amount of time. Evacuation of people using rescue ladders does not require special training. Simultaneous evacuation of up to 4 people is allowed. If it is necessary to quickly change the evacuation location, it is allowed not to use regular place fastening provided that reliable fastening to any load-bearing structure of the building is ensured.

The steps of the stairs are made of hardwood and treated with a fire-retardant composition. Supplied with a carabiner and a hammer.

A distinctive feature of LVSC is top part, free from steps (1.2 m), and the strings up to the second step are made of chain , which allows the use of stairs when evacuating a burning room.

The name of indicators	Nominal values
Length of the chain string before connecting to the rope string
	6 - 30 m with 1.5 m intervals
Step diameter
Stair width

Rescue equipment set "KSS"

Basic equipment KSS-30, (KSS-50)

Name	Quantity
1. Braking device
2. Fire rescue rope VPS-50 (VPS-50) in a case
3. Hanging system "kerchief"
4. Universal suspension system
5. Nylon halyard 3 m
6. Special gloves
7. Carbine "Iremel 2200"
8. Stowing bag
9. Passport

Slip-Tow Truck

Slip-Tow Truck- a non-automatic device for descending from limited heights.

• To work with a slip tow truck and bring it into working condition, two trained people (professional firefighters) are required.
• Job unprepared person with a slip tow truck is unacceptable.
• The speed of descent on a slip tow truck is regulated from the evacuation zone (possibly the source of a fire) or by a person descending independently (there is a possibility of a person getting stuck in a smoky environment).
• The descent on a slip tow truck runs along the line of windows, which increases the possibility of burns, damage from falling glass fragments, etc.
• The device is not intuitive to use properly.

Model range of evacuation systems "Slip-Evacuator"

"OFFICE" model
	A convenient and compact storage system in the table provides, if necessary, emergency self-evacuation. Specialized for self-evacuation of people who do not have their own suspension system(firefighter belt, rescue harness, etc.). The presence of a special rescue triangle in the system will ensure a comfortable descent. The descent control can be controlled independently or from the ground. Many buildings of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs are equipped with this system. You choose the maximum descent height yourself. The system is placed in a shoulder bag.
Model "MINI SWING"
		Designed for mass rescue. The model is specialized and especially suitable for use in self-evacuation and evacuation of groups of people (or individuals) who do not have professional skills. Control of the kit is intuitive and accessible after familiarization to the minimum required extent. Distinctive feature system is a uniquely low force (1-2 kg) applied during the control process. In this case, control can be carried out either by the person descending or by another person from the evacuation zone or from any place along the descent route, including the landing site. The system is stored in a portable bag (backpack) and can be taken to a hazardous area if necessary. However, best option- permanent placement in proposed mass evacuation areas, equipped with special places for attaching the kit.
Model "COMPACT"
			The "COMPACT" model is specialized for self-evacuation of professionally trained fighters of the fire and rescue service and other specialized units. The kit is a means of individual use. In this case, it is assumed that the fighter has his own harness (fireman's belt, rescue harness, etc.) with a connecting carabiner.

The system uses a unique, specially designed working rope with a diameter of 7 mm, which has a “Kevlar” sheath, which provides increased strength, resistance to mechanical damage and abrasion, impact high temperatures, open fire, aggressive liquids, etc.
The kit is distinguished by its particularly small dimensions, allowing it to be worn on a belt or in a pocket of combat clothing, and weighing only 800 grams, which for the first time made it possible to provide every firefighter (rescuer) with a life-saving equipment.
At the Customer's request, the length of the working rope can be changed.

Model "SWING"

Specialized for use in the evacuation of large groups of people. It can be used for evacuation of material assets. The kit is a means of collective use and allows evacuation in a continuous-cyclic mode, combining the descent of a person (load) with the lifting of the suspension system, released after the descent of the previous person (load). The kit is placed in a shoulder bag (backpack) and can be delivered to the danger zone if necessary or be permanently installed in advance in the intended mass evacuation areas. The system is controlled from the evacuation zone. The system has wide range Applications on helicopters, oil rigs, in buildings, on the decks of ships. It is mobile and easy to use, does not require additional tools for deployment and operation. Guaranteed operation of the system for at least 100 descents.

"ALPHA"- specialized, semi-automatic, with manual control carried out by the user, with the function of automatically stopping the descent when control is stopped or lost;

"KLUVIK" - universal type, with manual control continuously exercised by the user during the descent or, from the landing site, by the operator.

The system is placed in a shoulder carrying bag.

Self-rescuer Bars

Self-rescuer Bars is an automatic fire-rescuer device designed for emergency evacuation of people from buildings and other high-rise structures during a fire or other emergency.

• To use a self-rescuer, no training or special skills are required.
• The self-rescuer Bars does not require any adjustment (regardless of the person’s weight) and maintains a constant speed of descent.
• During the descent of the first person, a second rescue scarf is lifted from the ground to descend the next one.

Technical characteristics of the self-rescuer:

• the speed of descent on the self-rescuer is equal to the speed of the elevator and is 1 m/s
• weight of the person being rescued up to 200 kg
• The height of the descent is up to 300 m; at the moment, using a self-rescuer you can descend from the roof of any skyscraper in the Russian Federation.
• the alerting time is no more than 60 seconds, even for an unprepared person.

Hanging stairs are a “fresh wind” in your home. Indoors they look like light transparent structures, and many designer styles use them as a highlight in the interior.

Stairs are attached to the interfloor ceiling with metal braces, which in turn support the step in a given position. The opposite side of the step is rigidly attached to load-bearing wall.

And although such stairs do not look reliable in appearance, moreover, some people are even afraid to walk on them; correct installation, quite durable.

Combination of elegant metal pendant rods with warm solids natural wood steps, gives a certain charm to the staircase and opens up wide possibilities for the flight of design ideas.

Have you built a house or are you doing major renovation, and you want to add space to the interior? Ordinary wooden or concrete stairs don't fit here. But a hanging staircase would be a completely acceptable solution.

This article was intended as an instruction and with its help, any owner capable of performing basic plumbing and carpentry work will be able to build such a staircase in his home with his own hands.

Before starting construction, watch 2 videos in this article, they discuss common mistakes when building stairs.

Selection of tools and materials

Tool

• Electric drill with a set of drills
• Rotary hammer with a set of drills
• Construction level
• Plumb
• A set of keys
• Grinder with a set of discs
• Lanyard and tap for thread cutting
• Welding machine preferred
• Roulette

Material

• Metal strip 50x10
• Metal corner from 50x50
• Hardwood: oak, beech, ash, etc. For steps
• Set of anchors, sleeves, nuts
• Wall-mounted handrails

Calculation of staircase dimensions

Naturally, we start with an accurate calculation of the dimensions of our stairs.

Hanging stairs are calculated according to the same principle as the others.

For example, let's take a small staircase with a height of 144.78 cm

1. To calculate the number of steps, divide the total height by the standard height
   Steps 144.7: 17.7 = 8.17 round this value to 8.
2. We calculate the distance between the steps to be 144.7: 8 = 18 cm.
   In total, with a height of 144.78 cm, we will have 8 steps with an interval of 18 cm.

This video in this article will help you perform the calculations.

For ease of calculation, we provide a photo of the table:

Installation

We attach the supports to the wall

1. It is better to install hanging stairs before finishing work begins..
   The drawing of our staircase is already ready and now we mark the places where the steps are attached on the supporting wall.

• • Next, we cut stops from the corner for each step.
  • We will mount them on the wall. The stops should be slightly smaller.
  • The width of the step itself, the distance from the edge is around 20 mm.
  • We drill holes on the wing of the stop, the wing is applied to the wall 3 holes.
  • The wing on which the stage 2 holes will lie.
  • All holes can be made of the same diameter, but we start from 10-12 mm.
  • It is better to number the stops.

1. We apply each stop to the design place for fastening the step and mark with a pencil the places for drilling holes in the wall.
   As we remember, the stops are attached to the wall with 3 anchors.
   Take anchors with a length of at least 200 mm. More is possible.
   We drill holes with a hammer drill and secure the stops with anchors. The cross-section of anchor bolts is from 10-12 mm or more, as convenient for you.

Making a frame

1. Hanging stairs require a strong frame. We will make the frame from a corner, which we will mount on sometimes between ceiling. Most best option weld the frame, because bolting it together takes a long time and is less reliable.
   With a corner, we will tie only the interceiling, both in the upper part and in the lower part. We have a U-shaped frame on top and bottom of the ceiling. Now both parts should be fastened together.
   We have a 50x50 corner, connecting two corners end-to-end - we get 100 mm, the thickness of the overlap is usually greater. To connect two corners, we cut the strip into sections equal to the thickness of the ceiling and weld the corners together with these sections at intervals of 200-300 mm on the inside.

Important point: Cook each section separately and only when all 3 sections are ready, place them on the ceiling and weld them in the corners.

1. When the U-shaped frame is welded and installed, it should be fixed. First, connect two opposite parts of the frame bordering the wall with a metal strip. If the thickness of the overlap is large, then connect top harness frame and the bottom trim of the frame in two separate strips.
   We got a closed rectangular frame. There is a corner band around the perimeter of the ceiling, and a strip along the load-bearing wall. Next, the frame should be securely fixed.
   To do this, in the strips with which we welded the corner of the upper and lower contours, we drill holes, then using a hammer drill we drill a hole into the depth of the ceiling (we assume that for the ceiling we use reinforced concrete slab) and fix the frame with anchors, and also fix the strip along the load-bearing wall.

We install a suspended structure

1. The next step will be the installation of a structure on which metal rods will be attached to support the steps and the railing of the second floor stairwell.
   To do this, we cut corners similar to those used for binding.
   The structure will be mounted only on two sides, on the side opposite the load-bearing wall and on the side opposite the end of the stairs. We weld the corners to the frame in the shape of the letter T so that they form something like an I-beam.
   In the welded corners, having accurately measured them, we drill a series of holes for fastening metal rods from below and fencing from above.
   On the large, load-bearing side, the holes in the upper corner should be strictly opposite the holes in the lower corner. From the side railing, it is enough to drill holes only in the upper corner.

1. Preparing metal pins. The studs are made from round rolled metal, with threads cut along the entire length. The length is calculated using the formula, thickness interfloor covering plus 100 mm. For the side where only the side fence will be attached, the overlap is plus 50 mm.
   Next, we mount the studs strictly plumb. From the inside, under the corner, firmly fix the studs with nuts. With the expectation that load-bearing beam, there was 50 mm left on both sides. From the side where only the upper fence will be, we fix the stud under the upper corner with a nut, and attach it to the lower corner with welding. Here, naturally, only 50 mm should remain at the top.

Hanging the steps

1. Our hanging staircase naturally needs to be suspended from something.
   The fact is that we plan to use metal, nickel-plated tubes for hanging steps and as stair balusters in the fence. They will greatly facilitate the entire structure. And although their price is much higher, appearance worth it.
   We measure the height and cut off the tubes. Cut into tubes on both sides internal thread, to a depth of 50-70 mm. We screw the finished tubes into the remaining 50 mm studs at the top.
   We attach the steps from below. To do this, in the steps prepared in advance, we make holes along the diameter of the tube. We put the step on the tube and fix it from below with specially prepared bolts. You can simply add washers for strength.
   But we recommend cutting metal strips to the size of the corner fixed to the wall, drilling two holes at a distance from the tubes, then using the strip as a washer, fixing both tubes at once.
2. Then we screw the step to the corner on the wall with two bolts. If you don't like the look of exposed bolts, drill a small hole in the stair tread to fit the head of the bolt, countersink it, cover it with wood furniture plug, cut it and sand it.

Attention: the thickness of the board for steps must be at least 40 mm.
If you are afraid that such a board will break, run a metal strip under the board from the front hanger to the corner on the wall.
It would be enough.

1. The top fence is mounted in the same way. The tubes are screwed onto studs, railings are mounted on top and fixed to the wall.
   It is better to choose and buy handrails in advance, and attach them to the wall.
   It's simpler and more reliable.

Conclusion

As you can see, a hanging staircase, if desired, is not so difficult to implement.

Every normal man is quite capable of making such beauty with his own hands.

In the video in this article, you will find comprehensive information on the topic we discussed.

To prevent the rescue of disaster victims from becoming another accident, the rope fire escape has a breaking weight of 1000 kg and is treated with fire-fighting substances. For quick descent or ascent, the set should be as light as possible, but at the same time durable. So that all people can safely descend to earth.

A rope ladder for evacuation is a reliable descent in a critical situation.

You can make such a staircase yourself; it does not require any expense or special knowledge. You will need wooden blocks and strong rope (rope). Take a rope from any material - linen, cotton or synthetics, it doesn’t matter. And the wood will have to be treated so that it does not rot and there is no fungus. The advantage is that you can choose what length you need and adapt it for different purposes. You can make one short one for children, a long one for chores. Work on the roof, in a well, for water transport– It will be useful to have a rope ladder everywhere. Its practicality and ease of use speaks for itself. It is not without reason that during evacuation this device is used for descents and ascents.