Qualitatively prepared walls for further repair are a guarantee that in the future any coating will fall on them perfectly evenly and beautifully. Therefore, do not neglect such a type of work as do-it-yourself wall plastering, even if you decide to change the interior not in a new apartment, but in a house where you have been living for a long time. How to choose the right material, and what should be the sequence of work - we will understand further.
To begin with, it is worth deciding what type of plaster to choose - the so-called dry or wet. The wall cladding with gypsum boards will be dry, which will save some time. However, this type of work is beneficial only for rooms with a large area, since in the conditions of small apartments, drywall slabs will significantly “hide” the area.
Plastering walls in an apartment in a “wet” way involves applying various building mixtures to the surface. It is also worth considering one important point here - what material the walls of the renovated room are made of and where we are going to plaster - outside or inside the building. Let's take a closer look at the examples.
If the surface of the walls of the room consists of concrete, then before applying the plaster it must be primed with a special solution. It is advisable to choose a primer with the addition of quartz particles, they will ensure reliable adhesion of the wall material to the future plaster mixture.
For concrete surfaces, wall plastering with gypsum plaster is suitable - the case when gypsum powder is added to the cement mixture, or a mortar based on a mixture of gypsum and lime.
An important addition is that lime, gypsum and cement mixtures are prepared separately and only then mixed to a homogeneous and thick consistency.
Modern houses and buildings most often, recently, are built using foam concrete blocks. Such surfaces must not only be primed before the plastering process, but also apply a special reinforcing mesh - "sickle", made of special fiberglass.
The mortar for the manufacture of the plaster mixture can be used as gypsum, and cement, and with the addition of a lime mixture. In any case, you should carefully study the instructions for all components and do not neglect the quality of the selected materials.
The key to the durability of walls is not only in the right materials for their manufacture, but also in well-chosen mixtures for their processing.
If you decide to plaster walls made of wood, then before applying the plaster mixture, it is necessary to make and fix a special mesh (shingles) of wooden slats on all treated surfaces. The shingles in a mesh form are gradually stuffed onto the wall, an important point is that the nails are not driven in to the end, half of the nail, together with the cap, is bent to the side.
Another option for preparing wooden walls is to install a specially reinforcing metal mesh and fix it on the wall surface before applying the plaster mixture.
After we have decided on the type of walls, selected and purchased all the necessary building materials, we begin to prepare the room to be processed.
Wall primer
If all the preparatory work has been carried out with due diligence, then the next stage of our work is the actual plastering of the walls for wallpaper or another coating of your choice.
If you work in a room with uneven walls or you need to plaster the walls for painting, then it is better to carry out work on plastering the surface using so-called beacons.
Since when painting or any further processing of the walls it is necessary to obtain the most even surface of the wall, then the application of the plaster mixture must be done in an even and uniform layer, for this it is necessary.
Beacons for walls made of wood will serve as a fixed mesh or wooden shingles, for surfaces with brickwork or consisting of concrete, it is possible to install metal guides or beacons from building or gypsum mortar.
Using the rule for plaster
We have already talked about the types of mortar being prepared, now we will note some subtleties depending on the composition of the plaster:
If we plaster the walls with our own hands without beacons or with them, it is important to know not only the sequence of work, but also the technique of applying the plaster mix:
So, no matter how difficult the process of plastering walls may seem to us, with a sufficient level of preparation and simple building skills, it is quite possible to do it yourself. If you doubt your abilities, the surface of the walls is quite uneven or consists of complex materials that require the use of special skills, do not be too lazy to include in the repair costs the appeal and help of real experts in their field.
The effective work of a plasterer depends on three factors - the composition of the plaster mixture, a well-prepared surface and correctly set beacons. Plastering walls is a rather laborious and expensive process. For plastering an average apartment, you can pay several hundred thousand rubles. Therefore, independent carrying out of such work is an urgent task for many masters. In this article, we will give the most detailed and complete instructions for plastering walls with our own hands. There will be no unnecessary complications in it, everything is only the most important and useful.
There are many materials for building walls at home. All of them form surfaces of varying degrees of evenness. But documents and standards set the same requirements for the finished wall surface. For residential premises, the standard is a maximum unevenness of 1 mm per 1 meter of wall surface. In order to obtain an even, smooth plane, plastering and subsequent plastering is carried out.
In order to check the evenness of the walls after plastering, they use the long rule that plastering is carried out. The rule is applied to the wall in different positions - vertically, horizontally, diagonally, and look at the gaps formed between the wall and the plane of the rule. If these gaps do not exceed the allowable, this indicates a high quality of plastering.
Plaster is a mortar for application to walls or other surfaces of premises and buildings for their alignment and further use for fine finishing work.
Depending on the base, cement and gypsum mortars are distinguished. There are other types, for example, cement-lime plasters and clay-based plasters. But the first two types received the greatest use because of their versatility and accessibility. Let's find out their main advantages and disadvantages.
This type of plaster mixture is the most common. This is a basic cheap material, easy to use. The disadvantage is that cement, which is the main binder, shrinks and also reacts to fluctuations in humidity and air temperature. For this reason, due attention should be paid to the preparation of the mortar, especially the ratio of the binder and the filler, which smooths out the negative effects of the coating.
It is possible to improve the quality of the dry mix by adding sand of various fractions, which will form a denser structure, levels stress, and reduces the likelihood of cracks. Porous surfaces tend to draw out moisture, which is why they must be coated with a special primer before applying the plaster.
The main inconvenience when using such plaster is a long time for its complete drying - up to 1 month in natural conditions. Also, due to the presence of heavy sand filler, such a plaster mixture is applied and leveled more difficult than a gypsum mixture.
The gypsum mix with filler in the form of fine sand hardens and dries in just a few hours. The property of the mixture to stick together perfectly with all surfaces makes it the most preferable for plastering ceilings.
Gypsum has low thermal conductivity, which makes it a good thermal insulator. In addition, it is able to take in excess moisture, and then give it away, which is shown when used in rooms where it is required to maintain a stable microclimate. If the humidity in the room exceeds 60%, then the use of gypsum plaster is not recommended. Perhaps this is the only limitation in the use of this type of mixture.
Do-it-yourself plastering of walls does not require special expensive equipment, as, for example, with. The necessary materials and fixtures include the following set:
As you can see from the list, specialized and expensive plastering tools are not required, so you can start work on your own.
Before talking about the stages of work, it is important to note that working alone, although possible, requires a lot of effort. This is due to the labor costs that are needed to mix the solution. Therefore, the ideal condition is the presence of an assistant who will knead this solution.
Preparation of the premises begins with its complete release. All wires must be insulated to prevent moisture ingress. The next step is to clean the walls to the ground from dust or other finishing materials if plastering takes place in an already lived-in house.
After cleaning from dust and beating, the walls are primed. For brick walls, a conventional water-based primer is suitable, which increases the adhesion of the mortar to the wall. For smooth concrete walls, a primer with the addition of quartz sand is suitable - concrete contact, which creates a rough structure on the wall surface that is favorable for adhesion to plaster.
After the room and the necessary tools for plastering are prepared, you can start work, which is divided into several stages.
Beacons act as guides, greatly facilitating the work of leveling the plaster mixture with the rule, and also make it possible to make the wall perfectly even due to a preliminary verified installation. Nowadays, the most common use of a special beacon profile, which can be metal or plastic, but a few decades ago, wooden blocks did an excellent job with this task.
Below is the procedure for installing beacons using a laser level. This method is by far the simplest and most advanced.
For each type of plaster mixture, their own dilution standards with water are installed and written on the bags, so there is no point in dwelling on this in detail. Here we need to talk about two important points.
First, it is the consistency of the solution. Plaster for application to the walls should have the consistency of thick sour cream. This can only be achieved through practice. The convenience and ease of work will depend on how well the consistency of the solution is chosen. The liquid mortar will gradually drain from the wall, and an excessively thick mixture will be difficult to spread along the wall and tend to dry quickly.
The second important point is the lifetime of the solution. It is also indicated on the packaging and differs for each type of plaster. This parameter should be guided in order to understand how long it will take you to apply to the wall and distribute the mixture. To do this, you need to start mixing with small volumes in order to prevent the plaster from hardening in the container.
Wall plastering technology involves applying 3 layers of mortar:
The initial layer (spray) is applied with a trowel, bucket or spatula. To do this, a solution is collected on it and with a sharp wave of the brush it is thrown onto the wall into the space between two lighthouses from a short distance. Spraying is done from the bottom up.
When plastering on beacons, the minimum layer of plaster on the wall is determined by the thickness of these beacons. As a rule, 10 mm is considered the standard thickness. The maximum wall plaster thickness is determined by the manufacturer of the plaster mixture and is also indicated on the packaging. Typically, manufacturers set a value of 20 mm for one layer.
Do not try to cover the entire space from floor to ceiling with the first layer at once, start with a gap of 1 meter.
After applying the solution to the wall, proceed to its leveling. To do this, they take a rule, lean its tip against two beacons and carry out translational movements from the bottom up, evenly distributing the mixture in the space between the beacon profiles.
After that, spraying and leveling are carried out again until the entire space from floor to ceiling is covered with plaster.
The next layer (primer) is applied to the previous one with a wide spatula. The primer can be applied as one layer or several - depending on the thickness of the plaster. This layer serves to fill the voids formed after the first pass with the rule and the final alignment of the wall plane. The primer coat should be applied after the first coat of plaster has dried.
Here it is necessary to stop and recall an important point that many people forget about - the extraction of lighthouses. Often, inexperienced plasterers wonder whether it is necessary to pull out the beacons after plastering the walls. The answer is definitely yes, it is necessary to remove the beacons. There are two reasons for this.
Firstly, if you use metal beacon profiles, then sooner or later the corrosion process will overtake them, and red spots will form on the wall, which will easily show up even through the wallpaper. The exception is aluminum profiles or galvanized beacons.
Secondly, this is the shrinkage of the plaster layer, no matter what type of beacons you use, they are not subject to shrinkage, unlike the plaster mixture. Therefore, if the guides are left in the thickness of the plaster layer, over time the surface of the wall will become undulating.
After removing the beacons, the voids are filled with the same plaster that was used for the primer layer.
The coating is applied only on wet soil that has not had time to dry. If the main layer had time to dry, it should be slightly moistened with water using a brush or roller. For the finishing layer, plaster with the consistency of liquid sour cream is used. It serves to fill in small irregularities left from the tool and to give the surface a finer and smoother structure.
After the top layer dries, it is sanded with a plastic or wooden float. Grinding the walls after plastering is carried out in a circular motion over the entire surface of the wall, pressing the grater with sufficient force. The final step is grouting with a grater upholstered with felt or felt.
After all the described actions, a necessary condition is the correct drying of the plastered wall with the correct temperature and humidity. It is impossible to allow a sharp drying of the plaster layer, as this can lead to its cracking. Only after the walls have completely dried, do they proceed to the next stages of finishing. The plaster on the walls dries on average from 48 to 72 hours.
The video above shows the process of plastering clearly:
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Sooner or later, the topic of repair comes up in every home. The final appearance of the premises will also depend on the quality of the preparatory work carried out. Having once applied strength to a high-quality finish, in the future it will only be possible to periodically re-paste the wallpaper or change the color of the walls. Initially, it may seem that the work of a non-professional master cannot be done. But you can try to make at least rough sketches. In addition to moral satisfaction, it will also significantly save your personal budget. This review describes in detail the entire technological process of how to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner. Video and step-by-step instructions will help you understand the construction nuances.
Beginning the process
The main purpose of plaster is to level the geometry of wall and ceiling bases in order to eliminate irregularities or defects. It serves as a rough finish. The technology of application allows the mixture to be applied in a thick layer in case of large deviations. With the help of plaster walls in the apartment, you can get the most even bases.
According to its composition, plaster is as follows:
The most important difference between them is the drying time of the solution. Gypsum mortar takes up to a week to dry completely, cement mortar will take about a month. Therefore, compositions with should be used when it is necessary to achieve maximum durability.
This coating will last for decades. Modern manufacturers introduce polymer additives into the mortar mixture, which accelerate drying up to two days. The cement mixture is used for leveling surfaces in basements or for laying tiles.
The process of leveling the walls with plaster with your own hands is quite laborious, so gypsum solutions are more often used. With gypsum compositions, it is important to observe the conditions of humidity. Gypsum plaster can be applied in one layer, which significantly saves the budget. Finishing is carried out both on a brick base and on wooden surfaces. To give perfect smoothness, the coating should be puttied after the plaster has dried.
For novice masters, cement wall plaster with polymer additives is better suited. Video tutorials will help you understand and painstakingly complete the entire process in compliance with the technological sequence.
A person who is far from building terms will at first glance decide that these are synonyms for one type of construction work. In fact, these concepts have both similarities and significant differences. Both materials are designed to level surfaces, but the similarity ends there.
Related article:
Plaster and putty - what's the difference and general features, in which cases they should be used, recommendations from experts - read about this and much more in our review.
Manufacturers offer a dry composition or a ready-made plastic solution. Cement, gypsum and polymers are added as a binder. With the help of putty, you can even out small surface defects, make the base smooth after plastering. For cracks up to 10 mm in size, use the starting composition. used for the final leveling of surfaces.
It is impossible to mix starting and finishing putty. Compositions of different homogeneity can form additional defects on the bases.
With the help of plaster, surfaces with deviations of up to 15 centimeters can be leveled. In addition, it acts as a thermal insulation of surfaces, in some cases additional moisture protection.
Plaster is ordinary and decorative. Contains large grains. It is used as a rough leveling or finishing structural coating.
When applying putty and plaster, different technologies are used. For plaster, this happens as follows:
Apply according to individual technology. The plaster composition needs several days to dry completely, the putty is ready the very next day.
Before performing repair work, it is necessary to study the features of the base of wall surfaces. This will depend on how the work is done. For even walls, a spatula and a level are enough. Bases with large defects and deviations can only be leveled using. You may need a large amount of the mixture. In this case, additional reinforcement should be performed on the wall.
There are several rules for plastering walls:
A video on how to properly plaster walls will help you do all the work correctly:
Some tools are already available in every home. Something will have to be bought or rented. But after all, this is not a tool for one repair, everything will come in handy in subsequent repairs. We can say - an investment in the future. Now we know what tools are needed for plastering walls, we can start repairing.
To prepare cement plaster, mix cement with sand in a ratio of 1: 3. Water is gradually poured into the composition with constant stirring. You should get a solution according to the consistency of sour cream with high fat content. Before mixing, read the instructions and manufacturer's recommendations. If repairs are carried out in a room with high humidity, experts advise adding lime. It will take away excess moisture and make the microclimate more comfortable.
For surfaces made of concrete and foam concrete blocks, it is recommended to use gypsum-lime plaster. Its plasticity is well kept on the base. To prepare such a solution, gypsum is poured into a bucket of water in a thin stream, then everything should be quickly mixed by adding lime milk. This mixture is applied quite easily, and will help beginners get their hands on finishing work.
For plastering walls with your own hands, you can buy a ready-made mixture, which is offered in a wide variety in building hypermarkets and stores. This is the easiest way to prepare.
The execution of the workflow of preparing the surface for plastering begins with the cleansing of the bases from the previous coatings. After that, the amount of deviations should be determined by the level in order to determine whether additional work is needed or can be dispensed with.
Then all substrates should be carefully primed with a brush or roller. It is necessary to choose a deep penetration primer, it is not necessary to save on the composition at this stage, this will help the putty to adhere well to the surfaces. In addition, it will protect the walls from excess moisture and prevent the occurrence of mold and fungus, which can cause corrosion of the material.
Before applying plaster on the walls with your own hands without beacons, after the primer has dried, moisten all bases well with water.
| Photo | Description of works |
|---|---|
 | Before starting work, we clean the floor of debris so that it is convenient to collect the fallen solution, and all sockets are closed. |
 | All walls are wet |
 | We throw the mixture with a spatula on a base of 1 m² in random order. All actions are performed with the hand. This is important so that the mixture hits the base pointwise and does not scatter. It is necessary to throw it, then the plaster penetrates into the hollow places of the walls, in addition, this method will increase adhesion to the surface. |
 | With a grater, we level the wall with arbitrary movements. The layer thickness is about 5-7 mm. All surfaces are gradually plastered with similar movements. Work should begin from the floor to the ceiling. It is not necessary to perfectly level the base, a rough surface will improve the adhesion of the second layer. The drying time of the first layer should be at least 2 hours. |
 | After the first layer has dried, it is necessary to walk on all surfaces with the rule. It will remove all the big bumps. The construction tool should be pressed tightly to the base and all walls should be leveled with arbitrary movements. |
 | When performing the second layer, the solution is applied to the base with a float using a spatula. Leveling should be done with some effort by arbitrary movements. |
 | After setting, it is necessary to check the quality of the application as a rule. Protruding bumps are removed in a circular motion with a construction grater, which should be periodically moistened with water. This will help to quickly soak and better remove the mixture. To remove depressions, it is necessary to rub a small amount of plaster into these places. The second stage aligns the walls as much as possible. Drying time - about 3 hours. |
 | The third stage is the most painstaking. It is necessary to level the wall surfaces with a thin layer to the smoothest possible state. The plaster should be diluted with a small amount of water to a more liquid state. Work is done from top to bottom. With a ladle, the solution is poured onto the walls and smoothed out by the rule in a circular motion to perfect smoothness. Drying time - up to 8 hours. |
 | The grout will give the walls a velvety touch. Surfaces are shed with water, then they should be walked over with a construction grater. This stage can be omitted if tiling or stone cladding is planned in the future. |
 | Excess solution on the ceiling surface is removed. |
Drying time - a few days at an average temperature and moderate humidity. At elevated temperatures, periodically wet all surfaces with water to avoid cracking.
If some points are incomprehensible in the instructions on how to level walls without beacons, watch a video with an accessible description of the entire process:
If the deviations on the base are large enough, plastering should be carried out with the additional installation of beacons. After preliminary preparation and surface treatment with a primer, their installation begins. If work is carried out in rooms with high humidity or with large defects in the bases, you should fix the mesh for additional reinforcement before leveling the walls with the beacons with your own hands. Video tutorials will help you get the job done right. It is fixed with a mixture or dowels.
The sequence of plastering works is similar to the process without installing beacons. The solution is applied in a dense layer between the beacons with a small exit beyond them. The plaster is leveled by the rule with zigzag movements from the bottom upwards. The excess is removed with a spatula, the voids are filled with a new solution. After passing the entire surface, the alignment must be repeated from top to bottom.
At the end of the work, the result should be checked by the rule. The protruding parts are overwritten. After that, it is necessary to perform leveling with a liquid mixture. Before work, you can watch professional videos of plastering on lighthouses for beginners. This will prevent mistakes in repair work.
The exposure of beacons for plaster can be done in two ways: on the plaster mix or with self-tapping screws. It is better for non-professional craftsmen to choose the second method of fastening. A reliable and fast method proves the advantages of such fastening, including financial ones.
| Photo | Description of works |
|---|---|
 | The level performs vertical marking at a distance less than the length of the rule by 20 centimeters. |
 | Holes for beacons around the perimeter are drilled with a perforator. |
 | Dowels 8x40 mm are clogged with a hammer. |
 | Screws 40-45 mm long for plaster layer up to 30 mm. In places with a thicker layer, longer fasteners should be used. |
 | The level should align the screw heads of the beacons around the perimeter. |
 | Fasteners for beacons are fixed on the screws. |
 | Fastening beacons around the perimeter. |
 | Similarly, work is carried out on the entire surface of the walls. |
 | The wall is checked with a thread for protrusions. If the base protrudes strongly, it can be corrected by screwing in the screw. |
 | The template checks and aligns all hats. |
 | All elements and beacons are fixed. |
Time with this method is saved exactly four times. The video below describes the entire installation process quite clearly:
At the end of the work, professionals recommend removing the beacons and sealing the resulting stripes with a solution so that rust does not appear during operation. This is a controversial opinion. If the beacons were purchased from a branded trade and they are of good quality, removal is not necessary.
A wide variety of solutions puts the non-professional master in a difficult position. Before choosing the better to plaster the walls in the apartment, you should study the manufacturer's instructions for the use of the compositions. Properly selected mixture will last for decades.
One of the most durable and labor-intensive solutions, on the one hand, and the longest used when properly applied, on the other. The main disadvantage of the coating is the need to perform finishing putty. Applying wall plaster with cement mortar over the lighthouses allows you to hide large deviations and surface defects. To properly complete the entire process, you can preview various videos of professional craftsmen that are posted on the Internet.
The cement mixture behaves well in rooms with high humidity, such as the kitchen or bathroom. It does not lose its properties in garages, on plinths, in basements.
Gypsum compositions are suitable only for indoor work. The main advantage of this method is that additional surface plastering is not required. With a plastic composition, you can level the base to an ideal state. The negative aspects of leveling the walls with gypsum plaster include the increased humidity of the premises, for the finishing of which other compositions should be used.
A significant difference from other solutions is the drying time. Literally after 10-15 minutes, the solution becomes unusable, so you should calculate the speed of work, and do not dilute the mixture in large quantities. Gypsum plaster is convenient to work on ceiling surfaces or corners. You can see the video master class on leveling ceiling and other bases.
For finishing, dry mixes or ready-made formulations are used. The choice should be made depending on the purpose of the room. For interior or you can take cement-based plaster. Gypsum composition is suitable for internal bases. Polymer is a universal mixture, various additives allow it to be used for almost any surface.
To perform wall plastering for painting, manufacturers offer special compositions with different structures.
| Photo | Solution type |
|---|---|
 | Structural solution - the composition contains large grains, wood fibers. The final design of the surfaces depends on the particle size. |
 | The relief composition is interspersed with marble elements and artificial fibers. |
 | Textured mixture - various additives and a heterogeneous structure, it is possible to perform an application that imitates a bark beetle. |
 | Terrazitic composition - glass particles, mica and marble chips are added to the mixture. Grains can be up to 6 mm. |
 | Flock plaster - composition with acrylic flakes. The final coating can be treated with a varnish composition. |
For plastering walls under wallpaper, perfect alignment can not be achieved. Textured wallpaper will partially hide small irregularities. Absolute gloss is important for painting. The process of finishing putty is quite laborious, it can take a lot of time and attention. But the result will please with its impeccability.
Modern production offers a wide variety of plaster mixtures. Before you plaster the walls with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with the characteristics, composition and recommendations for use. Different surfaces require a different approach.
Plastering of walls from can be done with both cement mortar and gypsum mixture. For outdoor use, only a cement mixture is suitable. Since this type of work is carried out on the initial masonry, they must be performed flawlessly, avoiding blisters and defects. It is important to consider the execution time. If the construction work was carried out not very long ago, the wall should be allowed to shrink for some time so that cracking does not pass.
If it is necessary to plaster brick walls with a previously applied finish, it should be completely removed. And only after complete cleansing of dust and dirt, you should start repair work. The brick base implies the installation of beacons, since the walls have rather large defects and deviations. All the following works are similar.
To help you how to plaster a brick wall with your own hands, you can familiarize yourself with the step-by-step process in the review, watch this video tutorial:
For concrete walls, plastering work should be carried out more carefully. For better adhesion with the previous layer, the plaster should be rubbed with some force for a stronger connection. Otherwise, the entire application process does not differ from the work on beacons.
The process of plastering wooden walls inside the house is somewhat different from the previous ones. The main difference is that plaster does not adhere to a clean wooden surface. First, you should make a frame from a crate, which can be made of wooden slats or metal mesh.
When mounting a wooden crate or shingles, thin slats with dimensions from 3 × 15 to 5 × 20 mm are used. It is important when buying to pay attention to the quality of the tree, it should have a light color. When fastening, the nails are not driven in completely, but to the middle, so that the hat can be bent and additionally pressed against the rail.
Advice! In order to avoid deformation of the shingles, all ends of the planks should be well fixed.
Under the crate, you can arrange additional thermal insulation made of felt, after soaking it with an antiseptic. The metal mesh is attached in the same way.
Before you plaster a wooden wall, carefully watch the instructional videos. The process is not complicated, but you should know many nuances of the technological sequence. The mixture is applied in the usual way. You need to be careful when throwing the solution on the crate, voids may remain behind it. Therefore, work should be performed at an angle of 45 ° alternately on one side and the other.
Before you plaster the foundation of the house with your own hands, you must completely clean all surfaces from dirt, dust and greasy deposits. If the concrete base is more than a year old, notches can be applied for better adhesion of the mortar. On a brick foundation with a spatula, you need to clean all the seams from the old mortar.
In the second stage, all surfaces are abundantly primed, then deep defects are leveled with cement mortar. The previously cleaned seams in the brickwork should be filled with the same mixture.
For reliable adhesion of the solution to the foundation, you can pre-tension and fix the metal mesh. After that, you can proceed to the technological sequence of applying the cement mortar. All work must be done in warm, dry weather.
Good to know! To improve the quality of the cement mortar, you can add PVA glue, thanks to which the mortar will acquire some plasticity and it will be easier to work with it.
Now we know all the features and possibilities of wall plastering and can independently carry out the entire process, from rough wall finishing to decoration. The acquired knowledge will help with all responsibility to approach the choice of material and the technological process. And additional physical activity will only be useful.
How to plaster the walls in an apartment is a question that worries those who want to make repairs or build a house.
The quality of this stage of work depends on the durability and reliability of the finish, its aesthetic appearance and the frequency of repairs in the future. Doing repairs on your own or trusting professionals is everyone’s business, but more and more often, owners decide to do their own home improvement.
About how to properly plaster the walls in the apartment and what type of mixture to choose is described in detail in the article.
Plastering indoor surfaces is necessary to achieve several goals:
For housing, plaster can become both a decorative and functional element of decoration.
All types of plastering mixtures are divided into three groups: standard, special and decorative. Standard mixtures are sold in the markets and in specialized hardware stores. This is the most popular type of plaster. In turn, the standard compositions are divided into 4 types.
| Type | Compound | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Universal | Based on cement, gypsum or resins with the addition of polymer compounds. | Such plaster protects the house from dampness and heat loss, and also has noise-absorbing properties. |
| waterproofing | Basis - cement with the addition of polymers | Reliably protects the room from moisture and mold. Ideal for bathrooms and kitchens. |
| Soundproof | Plaster base - gypsum or cement | Rarely used in residential areas. It is popular for finishing the premises of cinemas, concert halls, sports and industrial premises. |
| Heat shield | The basis is gypsum or cement. Foamed perlite, foam glass, vermiculite and granulated polystyrene foam are also added. | Holds heat very well. It is used for thermal insulation of the entire room and engineering communications. It does not have soundproofing properties and requires the application of finishing plaster. |
When working with this group of plasters, you need to have on hand the documentation with the project of the room and research on the chemical composition of the solution. Their use is quite expensive and time-consuming, and also requires certain skills. There are two types of special mixtures:
How to plaster the walls in the apartment before painting? Decorative plaster is one of the most beautiful and original types of finishing materials. From simple patterns like bark beetles to elegant Venetian patterns, applying this mixture requires patience and skill. Only a professional can choose the ideal decorative plaster for the interior and the basis for application. You can try to decorate your house yourself with the help of photos on the Internet, video tutorials and step-by-step instructions.
There are three main types of plaster in terms of composition. Cement is considered universal and suitable for interior and exterior use. Gypsum - used for finishing concrete, wood and brick surfaces in rooms with moderate humidity. Polymer plasters - the last word in the field of finishing materials. They are used to decorate an already flat surface.
How to plaster the walls in an apartment with a rough finish? Cement compositions are suitable for this type of coating and have several advantages:
Despite all the advantages, cement plaster also has disadvantages. For example, a long drying period and a complex technology for working with the composition.
Tip: If you need a layer with a thickness of more than 20 mm, you must use a reinforcing mesh.
How to plaster the walls in the apartment under the wallpaper? Gypsum plaster is the best option for indoors with normal humidity. Among its advantages it is worth highlighting:
The main disadvantage of the gypsum mixture is its instability to moisture. At high humidity, the plaster quickly deforms and cracks.
Polymer-based plaster mixtures are applied in a thin layer and are able to hide small cracks or irregularities on the surface. They can be used on a drywall, concrete or brick base.
Advantages of using decorative plaster in the interior of an apartment:
The main disadvantage of polymer compositions is that they must be applied on a perfectly flat surface.
The base surface plays a significant role in choosing the right type of plaster.
Important! Before starting work, the wall is treated with a special deep penetration primer for porous and weak surfaces.
Plastering walls is painstaking and complex work. For its implementation, special compositions are usually used, most often on a gypsum basis. In addition, for a high-quality result, it is very important to follow the correct sequence of the process: it is performed in several stages.
Plastering walls is a matter that requires special knowledge, skills and abilities from the performer. Properly executed alignment of the walls will facilitate the process of wallpapering and significantly improve the appearance of the room. Such work can be done independently, but more often it is still trusted by the masters. In any case, when carrying out this procedure, you will have to take into account some nuances.
WHAT SHOULD I CONSIDER WHEN PLASTERING WALLS?
To get a quality result (perfectly smooth walls), you need 4 components of success:
In addition, you need to clearly understand the purpose for which the walls of this room are finished with plaster. Plastering walls under wallpaper is a slightly different situation than plastering bathroom walls under tiles. In this case, you need to properly plaster the walls with gypsum plaster so that the main decor (tile or wallpaper) holds.
HOW TO CHOOSE THE PLASTER MIX CORRECTLY?
The better to plaster the walls depends on the wallet of the owner of the house, as well as on the characteristics of the room in which repairs are required. In addition, it is important to understand why plaster walls - for wallpaper, tiles or just painting.
What plaster is better to use? First, you need to know that the plaster is dry or wet. Secondly, there are three types of both dry and wet plaster:
The cheapest option - lime plaster. But this option, unfortunately, is short-lived and is only suitable for plastering walls inside the building. The outer part is plastered with a different composition. In addition, lime is categorically not suitable for the bathroom. The fact is that lime is afraid of moisture.
Main advantages gypsum plasters- good sound and heat insulation. It is a ductile material that rarely cracks. Such plaster quickly dries and hardens. A few hours are enough for this.
Unfortunately, such mixtures are not sufficiently resistant to moisture and mechanical damage. Before plastering the walls with gypsum plaster, you need to study all the features of the room. At the same time, you can finish the walls with Rotband (popular gypsum plaster) even in the bathroom.
INTERESTING!
Cement is a versatile option for plastering walls both inside and out. The main advantages of the material are resistance to moisture and temperature extremes. They can also be used for plastering bathroom walls before laying tiles. It is recommended to choose it if the owners do not know which dry or wet plaster is better to finish the interior or exterior walls.
Also, many users are interested in how quickly the applied plaster dries. From this point of view, cement and gypsum mixtures are practical. In addition, on a bag or bucket with a mixture, you need to read at what temperature the mixture dries the fastest.
VARIETIES OF DRY PLASTER
Dry plaster can be:
The quality of dry plaster is determined by differences. Normal - with drops no more than 3 mm, improved - with drops no more than 2 mm. In high quality, differences of a maximum of 1 mm are allowed.
A simple one is usually finished with warehouses, basements and other household premises, the second one is used in public institutions - hospitals and schools. But high-quality trim the walls of residential buildings.
HOW TO PLASTER THE WALLS WITH YOUR HANDS?
To know how to plaster walls with your own hands, you can read a lot of tips on the Internet.
However, it all comes down to two options:
Everyone can learn how to plaster walls, although it will be more difficult for a beginner than for a professional plasterer.
When deciding how and with what to plaster the walls in the bathroom under the tiles or the walls of the living rooms before wallpapering, it is important to correctly assess the quality of the existing surface.
To plaster the walls yourself, you will need to apply the solution in three layers. The resulting excess is removed with a trapezoidal spatula. You will have to buy it before you plaster walls from any material with your own hands.
In any case, the solution must be applied very carefully.
Plastering without beacons
Plastering in a plane (using a rule) is a good option if the walls are relatively even. If there are serious irregularities on the walls, the performer has no other choice but to plaster the walls on the lighthouses. Thanks to beacon profiles, irregularities are eliminated with an accuracy of 1 mm/m2.
Plastering without beacons Usually, metal beacons are used for this, although artificial gypsum beacons can also be created. In the second case, you can save the plaster mixture (the layer with iron beacons will be at least 6 mm).
Before plastering aerated concrete walls, you need to make sure that the plaster mixture is ideal for them. This material is environmentally friendly, it lets in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the room, so the choice of plaster should be taken responsibly.
The technologies of how to plaster walls made of foam block, foam concrete, as well as how to plaster concrete walls differ little from each other. It is important to choose only the right mixture here. The technology is similar to how to plaster wooden walls.
How to plaster brick walls depends on the location of the surface being trimmed. Concrete and other moisture-resistant products are suitable from the outside, and it is also permissible to plaster brick walls inside the house with gypsum mixtures.
The technique for plastering walls with a cement-sand mortar is similar to working with any other wall finishing products. The main thing is to add the required amount of water.
How to plaster walls with beacons?
Many users are looking for tips on how to plaster walls without beacons. Here it is necessary to determine the thickness of the layer and the quality of the surface by eye. This method is suitable for relatively flat surfaces. Thus, small imperfections are smoothed out.
Plastered walls are already trimmed with selected paint, wallpaper or tiles - it depends on the purpose of the room and the desire of the owner.
