When constructing housing, the main goal is to create a full-fledged residential complex, in which residential buildings, outbuildings and courtyard areas are as landscaped as possible and form a single residential area. The improvement of both the courtyard area and the objects located on it is one of the most important tasks, without the solution of which it is impossible to achieve this goal.
Landscaping of courtyard areas involves the implementation of a set of works aimed at creating a comfortable, aesthetically designed area. During the work, ideas for landscape design are being implemented and areas for leisure activities are being built that comply with the sanitary standards of the Russian Federation.
Arrangement of courtyards of apartment buildings involves the following activities:
Comprehensive improvement involves carrying out current and major repairs of its facilities, namely:
The improvement of courtyards and public areas is carried out in accordance with certain regulatory documents, which, among other things, determine the nature of the repair work (current or major).
The creation of new elements involves:
Work leading to temporary disruption of the improvement of courtyard areas (for example, soil development) must be carried out in accordance with the requirements set out in the regulatory framework governing excavation, repair and construction work.
The Rules for the Technical Maintenance of Housing contain instructions on the frequency and scope of work aimed at maintaining residential buildings, common areas and surrounding areas in proper condition.
The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation has developed and approved a document regulating work related to major and current repairs of facilities aimed at improving courtyards and public areas, and their maintenance. These requirements are specified in the Classification of work on major repairs and maintenance of public roads and the maintenance of structures installed on them.
The basis for establishing the list and timing of road work is: a list of defects, diagnostics, engineering reports, design and other documents that provide a realistic assessment of the condition of a particular object.
The timing of removal of waste from cutting down landscaping depends on the importance of the highways and streets along which the work is carried out: from main streets - until the end of the working day, from secondary streets and courtyards of apartment complexes - within 24 hours.
Cleaning of the territory related to apartment buildings, courtyards, places of large crowds of people (for example, station squares, markets, squares, etc.) is carried out throughout the working day.
The improvement of courtyard areas is closely related to landscaping, because it pursues the same goal: creating a harmonious space on a specific site.
Modern courtyards of apartment buildings are a space organized in a special way and satisfying the basic needs of residents; each part of the courtyard is unique and has a specific functional purpose. Landscaping of courtyards covers all elements of a modern courtyard: paths, platforms, driveways, house strips and landscaping, creating a single compositional solution that is in harmony with the concept of the entire area.
Often the house strip is used to highlight the entrance to the house: climbing plants, unusual shrubs or trees are planted, various lighting is installed, etc.
Landscaping children's playgrounds has several purposes: protection from the wind, providing shade in the hot season and, most importantly, isolation from the roadway. In addition, the sites must have optimal lighting and be well ventilated.
The choice of plants must be approached quite seriously. Thorny bushes and plants with poisonous or inedible fruits should not be planted. It is better if these are trees and shrubs that have a beneficial effect on the environment and are good for health.
When landscaping courtyard areas, it is important to take into account that utility areas must be isolated from recreational areas and other areas either by green spaces or walls built of brick or concrete blocks (in this case it is necessary to use vertical landscaping by planting climbing plants).
If the house does not have a garbage disposal, then it is necessary to install containers and garbage bins in the yard. Such a site should be covered with asphalt or concrete, and plants that have phytoncidal properties (trees or tall shrubs that purify the air well) should be planted around it.
Improvement of courtyard areas cannot be carried out without taking into account the terrain, which can be both natural and artificial. To create a relief, you can use different types of plastic, which will help protect the yard from noise and dust, divide it into zones, and expand opportunities for children's games. Often, artificially created relief is used to camouflage sites and various yard structures (utility and engineering).
Taking into account the possibilities of natural relief plays an important role in landscaping. For example, if there is a natural depression, then it is better to equip a site there so that it is located away from traffic and pedestrians. And if you plant shrubs or trees around it, you can create the impression of complete isolation from external influences.
Landscaping courtyards cannot do without landscaping, the implementation of which uses a lot of picturesque techniques. Often, landscaping is carried out with the goal of “smoothing out” the formality and typicality of the building, for which the already familiar technique is used: a lawn and lawn surrounded by trees or shrubs.
Passports for landscaping elements and territories adjacent to apartment buildings began to be issued relatively recently, but this service has shown its effectiveness and has become quite popular.
Purpose of certification— competent division of the urban area into separate areas that will be provided with optimal care. Objects located on this territory must be provided with appropriate maintenance. In addition, this procedure makes it possible to plan and implement measures aimed at improving courtyard areas, which may include the following:
It can be concluded that the issuance of a passport for the improvement of courtyard areas contributes to the systematic, well-controlled maintenance of municipal territories.
In order to be able to control the landscaping process, in each specific case a document is issued, which is called a Yard Landscaping Passport. The document contains information that relates to a specific yard, For example:
If there are any special zones located in the yard area (for example, the location of fire fighting or other specialized equipment), the list may be increased.
Therefore, a passport for landscaping a yard area is needed in order to guarantee the restoration of order in a specific area. Our company employs specialists who can quickly solve problems set by the customer and take into account the individual needs and capabilities of each client.
When choosing a company, pay attention to the following:
The cost of the company’s services is determined by two indicators: types and quality of work. Unfortunately, you may encounter contractor organizations that ignore the requirements of the Department of Environmental Management (DPiOOS), this information can be obtained by calling: 8-495-531-20-08 ext. 1320, 1522, 1524 (Register of green spaces of the Department of Natural Resources). The final price of the work reflects the size of the territory (total area), which must be confirmed by a Land Certificate (moreover, for each territory for which a passport is issued). Order No. 27-R dated October 30, 2012 indicates state prices for a number of works; in addition, the company can perform some work at commercial prices (according to the tariffs approved at this enterprise).
What determines the final cost of quality work? Let's look at the example of average prices used in Moscow:
So, on average, creating a Passport for landscaping courtyard areas at commercial prices can cost 48 thousand rubles.
Now let’s figure out what the difference is between certification at commercial rates and turnkey work for 15 thousand rubles/1 ha.
In this case, the cost of obtaining a Passport for landscaping courtyard areas is, on average, 15 thousand rubles.
To order a Passport you must prepare the following:
The following sections must be included in the Certification Agreement:
Applications:
Coordination Passports are carried out on the basis of Moscow Government Decree No. 743-PP dated September 10, 2002 “On approval of the Rules for the creation, maintenance and protection of green spaces in Moscow” (clause 7.3).
The powers to approve Passports for the improvement of courtyard areas in Moscow are vested in: the Department of Housing and Public Utilities and Improvement of Moscow, the Department of Natural Resources of Moscow.
Update Passports for the improvement of courtyard areas are carried out every year.
Inventory data is updated directly by persons who have the right to a land plot that is the territory of the Moscow green fund or by third-party organizations that have the right to carry out this work.
To perform full-scale work, you can use the inventory plan, which is located in Moscow information systems. This plan is subject to changes that occur in the area during the year.
The results of the update are entered into certain information systems. If the performance of work is related to procurement or the provision of services that meet the needs of the city or state, then the execution period corresponds to the deadlines specified in the state agreement/contract. In other cases, the results of the update must be entered during the reporting year.
Updating in the AIS involves making changes to the data and fields of the passport that occurred for the reason specified in the system. It could be the following:
Passports that are marked “Approved” are updated.
The municipal program for the improvement of courtyard areas provides for the presence of “its own” legal documents, which clearly spell out the procedure for carrying out improvement. However, there is a certain list of works that are recommended to be performed. This is what we will talk about.
Start by dividing your yard space into private and public. This way you can ensure the safety of representatives of different groups of residents.
To do this, you must first of all highlight the entrance to the yard (lanterns, signs, etc.). Now it is necessary to determine the boundaries of the territory of the house (a fence is not always the ideal option; it is better to do this by planting trees or shrubs). And finally, you can begin to organize passages (main and secondary), improve the entrances to the entrances (build ramps, designate a place for parking bicycles, etc.).
The next stage of work is the formation of a comfortable territory, namely parking lots. The program for landscaping courtyard areas of apartment buildings recommends installing parking spaces of several types: for residents (flat), for guests (linear) and for the disabled. It is advisable to discuss the number of parking spaces with the residents of the house.
It is advisable that the area is well lit; this will require installation of additional lights:
When implementing a plan for landscaping a courtyard area, it is necessary to take care of all groups of residents, and children in the first place. In order for them to develop well and harmoniously, it is necessary to equip playgrounds that meet the needs of children of different age categories (up to 3 years old, 3-7 years old, 7-12 years old, 12-15 years old).
Children's playgrounds must be equipped with:
Areas for leisure activities for adult residents should be designed in such a way that they can both exercise (exercise machines, table tennis, etc.) and relax peacefully (for example, play board games).
If, while landscaping courtyard areas, you arrange an area for walking animals (no matter whether it is fenced or not), then this will greatly protect the residents and will have a good effect on the sanitary and hygienic condition of the entire yard.
If the site is not fenced, then it must be equipped with a stand with information, trash cans, soft covering and seating. If this is a fenced area, then a gate is also needed.
A very important issue when landscaping courtyard areas is landscaping. In fact, management companies are required to do this, provided that this land plot is the common property of the apartment building.
The new plantings are designed to improve climate control and provide protection from sunlight, noise, wind and exhaust fumes.
Of course, the courtyard area is not dimensionless, and it is simply impossible to accommodate everything. Therefore, this is always an individual project. It is very important that all decisions regarding the creation of a comfortable area are made jointly, after discussion with residents.
The project for landscaping courtyard areas is developed in the following order:
The project, in accordance with which the improvement of courtyard areas located within the city is carried out, is developed taking into account the requirements of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation and current norms and regulations (construction, sanitary, fire, etc.).
The improvement of courtyard areas of municipalities is carried out according to a design project developed by the city administration.
The design project consists of a textual and visual description of the object. It includes the concept of the project and a list (both textual and visual) of components planned for placement on the given territory.
The composition of the project documentation depends on what work is planned to be performed. This can be a project and a detailed estimate; a simpler option is also possible: an image of the yard area and a description of the planned work and activities.
In order to discuss the courtyard design project approved by the commission with residents of apartment buildings, participants must invite interested parties to the discussion, who will be representatives of the owners of housing located on this site.
Interested parties are considered to be the owners of apartments, buildings and structures located within the territory of the yard planned for improvement.
The discussion organizer needs to make an announcement to discuss the design project with interested parties. If such a need arises, the message will need to be published in the media.
The organizer must ensure discussion and approval of the courtyard design project. Only after this can the document be submitted for approval by the Commission.
The commission must review and approve the design project for the improvement of courtyard areas within 10 working days from the date of approval of the document with the person representing the interests of the owners and other interested parties.
The project for landscaping courtyard areas should be divided into 2 parts depending on the area involved.
The main elements of improvement and landscaping located on the developed territory are:
The basis for the preparation of the Project for the improvement of courtyard areas is the General Development Plan (M: 1:500). Therefore, it would be more correct if both documents are developed simultaneously: the General Development Plan and the Project. When developing the Project, small architectural forms that are standard are used. However, if the Design Assignment contains instructions for the installation of non-standard small architectural forms, then the development of an individual project is possible.
In addition, an individual approach to design is carried out if it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the territory, for example, when designing gardens, parks, public gardens, etc.
The Law on the Improvement of Courtyard Areas contains instructions for their mandatory landscaping. Therefore, the Project must reflect the artificial environment, to create which natural components will be used.
The first stage of working on a project is creating a sketch, and the stage of preparing drawings completes work on a landscape design project.
The finished project contains:
When developing all materials for a yard landscaping project, a scale of 1:200 is used. Further work with documentation should begin only after approval of the General Plan.
Tree planting- one of the key points of landscaping courtyard areas. When choosing materials, you are faced with a rather serious problem: is it possible to combine certain plants in one (rather limited) area. We want to talk about the features of coniferous and deciduous plants in order to warn you against possible mistakes.
For example, do coniferous trees have any influence on the development of deciduous trees? Experts are confident that they provide. Spruce trees, for example, are characterized by a branched root system located along the surface, as a result of which they require a large feeding area. Therefore, trees growing next to spruce develop very poorly or die. Rowan, euonymus and elderberry are trees that more or less get along with such a “neighbor”.
Although ornamental spruce trees and ornamental fruit plants get along well. If you plant a blue spruce, a Roialiti berry apple tree and a linden tree in a “bouquet” manner (the distance between the trunks is 3-3.5 m), you get a rather impressive picture, emphasizing the improvement of the courtyard areas.
Please note that coniferous trees, like deciduous trees, need pruning. Experts recommend cutting off the lower branches of coniferous plants throughout the summer. This must be done with pruning shears that have been disinfected with a thick solution of potassium permanganate. After cutting a branch, you must immediately cover the cut area with oil paint, which is used by artists. This way you will protect the tree from infection and prevent resin from leaking out.
Quite often, when landscaping their yard areas, people ask the question: how to stop or limit the growth of a coniferous tree? Is it possible? Undoubtedly, pine is a very beautiful tree. But sometimes its height reaches 3 meters, which greatly shades the territory. It’s a pity, but without suppressing the tree it is not possible to limit its growth. You can stop the growth of a tree in height if you break out part of the “young growth” at the end of May, but then intensive growth in width will begin. If a lot of young pines have appeared on the territory, then as long as their size allows, they can be transplanted to the edge of the forest or into a forest belt (this is done at the end of August). It is better to plant small areas using pine “Gnome” or Watereri (they are not cheap, but they grow up to 2-2.5 m).
Expert opinion
Roman Ukhabin,
Deputy Director of the Department of Improvement and Road Facilities
First, we introduce the residents of an apartment building to the “draft version” of the project for landscaping courtyard areas. At this stage, they can make their proposals on the location and size of parking lots, platforms, sidewalks and other landscaping elements. We are finalizing the project and, together with the residents, we approve it. Only after this we begin work on design and estimate documentation.
Inventory of yard areas is carried out strictly according to a pre-drawn schedule, which indicates the date, time and place of its implementation. This procedure is carried out by examining the inventory territory and the objects located on it.
The basis for the inventory is the actual data of the departments of the city administration vested with powers in the field of management of municipal property, land resources and social protection of citizens, with information about the territory of apartment buildings, elements, persons with a disability group and living in certain apartment buildings.
If an apartment building is located on territory owned by the city and is not included in the Urban Development Plan or in the Housing Resettlement and Demolition Programs for budgetary funds, then inventory measures are carried out in relation to it.
When determining the boundaries of the territory of the yard of an apartment building, you cannot go beyond the established limits and combine areas of different apartment buildings.
During an inspection of the territory of the yard of an apartment building, the owners of premises in an apartment building or persons representing them, employees of the management company and other persons whose presence has been agreed upon with the chairman of the Inventory Commission may be present.
After the inventory, a passport for the improvement of courtyard areas is issued.
An inventory of public territory located on the territory of the municipality, including municipal property, is being carried out.
After an inventory of the public area, a passport for the improvement of courtyard areas is issued. The preparation and registration of Passports is carried out by the Secretary of the Inventory Commission.
Until December 31, 2023, the Secretary of the Commission stores Passports of public and courtyard areas.
If a new courtyard territory is formed, existing courtyard territories are merged or divided, then a new Passport for courtyard territories is issued. The same is done if the Passport is not approved or is missing. In other cases, after the inventory, the current Passport is updated.
The Passport is updated if the yard area has undergone changes (data about the site itself has changed or the objects located on it have changed) and there is a discrepancy with the data specified in the 2017 Passport.
From 2018 to 2022 Passports of public areas are not updated.
The Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation has begun implementing a priority state project aimed at improving courtyards and public areas. Project goal: from 2017 to 2022. carry out the improvement of municipalities in which the population exceeds 1000 people. The project budget in 2017 amounted to 20 billion rubles: 6.5 billion rubles. - for parks and places of public recreation for citizens, the rest of the money - on the territory of the courtyards of the MKD.
Any region that entered into an agreement with the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation on a subsidy for the reconstruction of courtyard areas could take part in the project. To do this, it was necessary to create a working group that would implement the project and identify pilot cities for 2017 (regional centers and single-industry towns are included without fail).
To date, 72 Russian regions have passed the competition for the improvement of courtyard areas. Their leaders entered into agreements with the Ministry.
The next stage is the creation of municipal rules and the development of a regional program for 2018-2022. The region must have a clear work schedule, as well as an idea of the economic condition of the municipality and the scope of work.
The MKD courtyard is the main design unit. Whether or not to participate in the project is decided by the residents of the apartment building through a general meeting. If the answer is yes, then a corresponding application for participation is submitted to the city operator of the project: from the residents, from the MKD HOA, from the management company. The applicant, together with the operator, prepares a design project for the courtyard area, which is submitted for consideration by a special commission. The commission evaluates the application and assigns points, on the basis of which a queue is created for the improvement of courtyard areas. Criteria for evaluating applications: the number of residents in the apartment building, the degree of their joint participation, the quality of the design project.
Project priorities: independence and joint participation of apartment building residents. If these factors are absent, then the region will not be able to utilize the allocated funds, for which managers face punishment.
The improvement program must be written before 09/01/2017.
Municipal rules and the Law on liability for violation of the Rules must be approved before November 1, 2017.
On the one hand, the project is destined for a forced scenario, but, on the other hand, it is the most daring experiment of the center: there are no restrictions on the number of courtyards, or on the estimate, or on the degree of complicity of the apartment building residents.
Each multi-apartment residential building has an adjacent territory, which is also called. According to the rules, this plot of land must be landscaped: children's and sports grounds must be laid out on it, green spaces must be planted.
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However, not in all cases the rules for landscaping courtyard areas of apartment buildings are observed. Sometimes the condition of the land adjacent to the property leaves much to be desired.
The adjacent territory includes a plot of land under an apartment building, as well as an adjacent land plot with infrastructure elements located on it. This territory has strictly established boundaries.
Information about the size of the local area can be obtained by looking at the technical passport of the object, issued by the BTI. The boundaries of the local area are determined at the stage of completion of the construction of the property.
The law allows the installation of fences around courtyard areas.
However, this activity must be carried out taking into account certain restrictions and standards:
It is worth considering that police, ambulances, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and gas service vehicles have the right to enter the fenced yard area.
In order to avoid unpleasant situations, it is necessary to think through in advance down to the smallest detail the design project for fencing the yard area.
Residents of high-rise buildings sometimes suffer greatly from the lack of high-quality coverage of the courtyard area. There are often potholes on driveways inside courtyards, making it difficult for both motorists and pedestrians to move around.
The issue of paving the adjacent territory should be decided by the management organization together with the residents at a general meeting. A vote is held and a decision is made based on the results of a majority vote.
As a rule, the management company organizes a fund into which the residents of the house contribute funds. The approximate cost of the work is calculated in advance and discussed with the residents, since not all of them are able to make large investments. Funds may be collected from the same fund to repair poor-quality road surfaces.
The general meeting of homeowners may raise the issue of limiting vehicle parking in the area adjacent to the house. When arranging a parking area, sanitary and protective zones must be observed. For example, the distance from the facades of the property from parking spaces should not be less than 10 m.
Landscaping plays an important role when decorating the courtyard of a multi-story building. Green spaces improve environmental conditions and give an aesthetically attractive appearance to the yard area.
However, in practice there are situations when developers pay little attention to landscaping. Therefore, citizens who move into a new building receive lawns littered with construction waste.
The rules for the technical operation of the housing stock prescribe the basic principles of landscaping work:
The rules in force regarding green spaces include a large list of prohibitions aimed at preserving the courtyard area and preventing damage to green objects. They are mandatory for both management employees and residents.
The rules and regulations provide for the division of playgrounds depending on children's age. However, in practice, playgrounds for children of different ages are located on the same site. This happens due to insufficient yard area.
In order to comply with the rules of the regulations, it is required to place at least one structure in the yard of the house for each age group.
What other requirements apply to the construction and maintenance of playgrounds for children:
The management organization is also obliged to:
Based on the rules and regulations for the operation of the housing stock, it has been established that:
Residents of those yards that need improvement can draw up an application and submit an application for landscaping and landscaping.
Residents of apartment buildings should use all resources to improve their place of residence, so the application for improvement should not be neglected. Especially if the condition of the yard leaves much to be desired.
An application for improvement must be drawn up on behalf of all owners, and their signatures must be attached to it. It is best to prepare the paper in printed form.
All technical documents related to the condition of the property and the yard area should be attached to the application.
The cost of landscaping work is paid by residents, regardless of whether the apartment is their property or rented. The work is ongoing and also sponsored by residents.
If yard improvement is carried out as part of a federal program, then it is covered by government funding.
In practice, in rare cases, among the residents there are people who are ready to carry out minor construction/repairs or other activities in the yard at their own expense and on their own.
Photo: Press services of the Mayor and the Moscow Government. Denis Grishkin
The work is financed mainly by funds from the sale of patents to individual entrepreneurs, income from paid city parking and taxes on personal income from renting out apartments.
In recent years, more than 22 thousand courtyards have been reconstructed in the capital, the Presidium of the Moscow Government reported at a meeting.
“We have reconstructed, repaired and restored more than 22 thousand Moscow courtyards. We are talking about creating sports and children's playgrounds, landscaping, creating parking space and a number of other activities. It is important that this work does not stop and continues at the systemic level,” noted the Moscow Mayor.
According to him, it is necessary to ensure control over what has already been done: timely replacement of broken small architectural forms, maintenance of sports and children's playgrounds in good condition. Also, improvement must be provided with permanent sources of funding. There are three main ones.
“The first is the parking fee, the second is the fee for patents that are collected in a particular area, and the third is the taxes that come from the rental of housing (apartments). And part of the centralized sources that come directly from the budget of the city of Moscow. These are quite significant sources. Funding for them increases from year to year. Next year the volume of such funds will be considerable - it will amount to about 10 billion rubles. Moreover, they are distributed according to an understandable, clear formula between prefectures and regions,” Sergei Sobyanin clarified.
The mayor of Moscow emphasized that it is now necessary to outline clear plans for the implementation of these programs and the use of these funds in such a way that all projects are created taking into account the opinions of citizens and involve the constant renovation of the capital's courtyards so that they are always in good condition.
The Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Housing and Communal Services and Landscaping reported on the implementation of the program for the improvement of courtyard areas.
“Since 2011, the city has had a program for comprehensive improvement of courtyard areas. The allocated amount of funding over the past years has made it possible to repair and carry out comprehensive landscaping of Moscow courtyards. Moreover, since 2016, the main source of funding has been funds to stimulate district governments,” the deputy mayor said.
He noted that some of the courtyards were renovated as part of the “My Street” program. These are courtyards located next to landscaping areas.
“There are more than 24 thousand households in the capital, including 22.5 thousand households within the old city boundaries. To date, 22.5 thousand yards have been put in order, overhauled within the framework of the standard of comprehensive improvement and safe operation,” said Pyotr Biryukov.
The program for repairs and arrangement of courtyard areas for this year has been completed. “The priority task for 2017 and subsequent years is to maintain all courtyard areas in technically sound condition in accordance with regulatory requirements, as well as ensure the safety of various elements and small architectural forms in landscaped areas. The condition of Moscow courtyards today allows us to switch to a rhythmic interval between repairs, depending on the technical condition of one or another courtyard,” the deputy mayor noted.
In 2017, it is planned to improve about three thousand courtyards, repair or rebuild 820 playgrounds, 41 children's playgrounds, 468 sports grounds, 188 quiet recreation areas, 403 areas for walking pets, 16 utility areas. Work is also planned to repair asphalt and fences, create additional parking spaces, landscaping, and tidying up container sites and other facilities.
The city program for the comprehensive improvement of courtyard areas has been implemented in Moscow since 2011. In 2011-2014, as part of this program, centralized repairs and comprehensive landscaping of courtyard areas were carried out. As a result, Moscow courtyards were brought into line with the new standard of comfort.
It includes:
— reasonable and safe organization of yard space;
— separation of space for cars (parking lots, roadways) from space for people (sidewalks, children's, sports and other playgrounds);
— landscaping (trees, shrubs, flower beds, lawns);
— high-quality infrastructure for recreation and sports for all categories of residents (modern playgrounds, inter-block playgrounds, sports grounds, outdoor exercise equipment, areas for quiet recreation);
— at the request of residents, restriction of entry into courtyards of outside vehicles (barriers).
In 2015, improvement work was carried out in 4,047 courtyards, including comprehensive overhauls in 1,578 courtyards. In 2016 - in 3050 courtyards, including comprehensive overhauls affecting 2078 courtyards.
In total, from 2011 to 2016, 22,288 playgrounds for various purposes were overhauled or rebuilt in Moscow courtyards. Among them are 16,832 playgrounds, 1,664 children's inter-block playgrounds, 1,194 sports grounds, 2,598 playgrounds for other purposes. More than 3.5 thousand sets of outdoor exercise equipment were installed in courtyards, and 29.6 million square meters of asphalt pavement were replaced.
The financing mechanisms used in Moscow provide:
— maintaining the yard infrastructure (children’s slides, exercise machines and other equipment) in good condition;
— regular (on average once every seven years) repairs of courtyard areas;
— implementation of projects for additional improvement of courtyard areas based on the wishes of residents.
At the same time as the improvement of courtyards in Moscow, the entrances of apartment buildings are being repaired and put in order. On average, about 20 thousand of them are repaired annually, which makes it possible to maintain all 105.9 thousand Moscow entrances in good condition.
Thus, in 2016, 22,335 entrances were repaired, the plan for 2017 is 20,661 entrances. The work is financed by management companies.
The really good news is that the federal program for landscaping courtyard areas will come into effect from 2018 to 2022. This name has an expanded meaning - not only courtyards, but also squares, parks, squares, and embankments will take on a new look. But the bulk of the money is intended for improving courtyard areas.
The federal government allocates an amount of 20 billion rubles from its budget. The money will be distributed among the regions, and their administrations will have to think through the correct scheme for the further use of these funds.
The allocated money is intended for the improvement of public places. Permission from ordinary residents to improve squares and parks is not required, since their rights will not be violated in this case. But residents will have obligations after landscaping the adjacent areas. These places will acquire the status of common property. Apartment owners are obligated to pay for maintaining their yards in proper condition.
There are 85 regions in the Russian Federation. They differ in the size of their territories and numbers. The largest region in terms of population is the federal city of Moscow. However, it is one of the smallest regions in terms of area. The opposite situation is in Yakutia. There are apparently still more squares, parks and courtyards in large populated areas. As we can see, implementing the program is not an easy task already at the first stage.
To receive money from the federal budget, regions and municipalities must develop their own program and approve it. What is unusual is that this can be influenced by the residents themselves. Landscaping activities are carried out in the courtyard areas of apartment buildings only.
The municipal program for the improvement of courtyard areas, starting in 2018, includes a list of addresses of adjacent areas of apartment buildings that need improvement. Government Decree of the Russian Federation No. 169 regulates that approval must be made no later than December 31, 2017.
Order of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation No. 691-pr approved methodological recommendations, according to which municipalities with a population exceeding 1,000 people participate in the program.
According to the Housing Code, the land plot on which the house is located is common property. But for this, a formality must be completed - an official transfer. In fact, most yards did not go through this procedure. Therefore they are considered municipal property.
Every year money is allocated to maintain order in them in accordance with one’s own taste and financial capabilities. Residents of the house are not surveyed and, accordingly, their wishes are not taken into account. The residents of the house do not consider themselves owners and do not treat their property with particular care.
In 2022, after the end of the program, new rules will be introduced. Landscaped and well-kept courtyards will begin to be considered part of the common property. Residents already know what this means - they pay for the maintenance of roofs, basements and entrances. You will also have to pay for maintaining order in your yards. But for the already established order!
Thus, the state first helps with considerable money over a long period of time to clean up the yard, and then this responsibility passes to the apartment owners.
The further fate of each yard depends on the will of the residents of the house. It is important that they understand: the yard area will be included in the program only if they take the initiative. This is decided at a house-wide meeting, where residents will be familiarized with a list of minimal work that can be done in their yard.
At the meeting, a decision must be made on what improvements should be made. If additional types of work are expected, you need to find out whether the residents are ready to participate financially and personally. At the meeting, a person is selected who will further represent the interests of the residents of the house and monitor the safety of the acquired improvements.
Examples of minimal and additional work are shown in the table.
If a decision is made to carry out additional work, then the number of people willing to participate in this should be found out.
Participation can be:
Meetings can be organized by: the housing and communal services board, the management company or proactive residents. For notification, you can post notices indicating the agenda, place notifications in mailboxes, or call for personal communication. All decisions made at the meeting are recorded in the minutes.
On the municipal government website you can find out which specific yard is included in the program.
In order for a specific yard to be included in the program, the following actions must be performed:
If, according to the cadastral passport, there are several houses located in the local area, then the initiative group must include representatives of each of them.
The drawing indicates existing and planned objects. Proposed innovations must comply with the municipal program. For example, installing a monument in the yard may not be included.
A positive decision is made if a majority of those present at the meeting votes for it. Based on the results of the meeting, a protocol is drawn up.
Then an application for improvement is submitted to the municipality. A public commission created there will review it and organize public discussion. The municipal organization will submit a design project for the yard for consideration, which requires approval from representatives elected at a general meeting of residents.
Based on the design project, the municipality will organize a competitive selection of contractors to carry out the necessary work. Representatives from the initiative group carry out intermediate monitoring of the progress of work.
Further maintenance of the yard can be carried out by the residents themselves or with the involvement of third-party organizations for an additional fee.
Participating in the program and discussing details together has an additional bonus - it brings together people living in the same house.
Look video about the program for landscaping courtyard areas:
Each house, whether it has been commissioned and lived in for a long time or has just been built, has adjacent land called adjoining land. It must be looked after in accordance with established standards and landscaped: grow lawns, arrange flower beds, build children's or sports grounds. Let's figure out who depends on who is responsible for landscaping the local area of an apartment building and what is included in the list of works for landscaping the courtyard area.
The boundaries and general square footage of the local area are determined by the cadastral or technical passport of the property. According to Article 16 of the Housing Code, this territory belongs to all residents of the house on a shared basis. The maintenance and care of it is carried out by the management company or, as well as by the residents themselves and the contractor companies with whom the service agreement was concluded. They, for example, carry out repairs of the local area of the apartment building.
Residents are obliged to maintain order in an apartment building and the plot of land belonging to it, not to litter, not to damage buildings, and so on. After all, after residents become owners of real estate, they undertake to maintain it in order on the basis of the relevant government decree.
The rules for maintaining the local area and its operation for owners of apartments in a multi-storey building include:
In most cases, residents enter into agreements with management companies, which are responsible for the care and maintenance of the courtyard area of an apartment building. But in old houses, the municipality is often responsible for this, unless the land around them is privatized, since it still belongs to the state. And in this case, it will also be responsible for the improvement of the local area of the apartment building.
The list of works for landscaping and maintaining the yard also depends on the time of year. In winter:
Measures to keep the local area clean also mean its improvement. The work is carried out according to a schedule, taking into account the labor standards of the residents themselves, hired contractors, and the janitor. Before preparing a design project for the courtyard of a dream apartment building that the residents would like to see, you should be careful, first of all, about keeping it clean and intact.
The law provides standards for the improvement of the local area adjacent to a multi-apartment residential property. What is included:
Let's take a closer look at the elements of landscaping courtyard areas:
All of the above is included in the improvement of the main project approved by the government of the Russian Federation. The list is general; what specific measures need to be taken to improve the local area are decided at a general meeting of residents by voting. Design is the most important stage of the process; each point must be discussed, after which, based on the survey results, a plan for landscaping the yard must be created, preparing a design layout.
IMPORTANT! The legislation provides for the possibility of renting out part of the local area for renting a food kiosk or parking a car. The decision is also made at the general meeting, where the issue of distribution of rental income is discussed. Most often, the funds received are used to pay for construction work to improve the territory of an apartment building, utility debts and other needs of the house.
Let us examine in detail some of the landscaping activities that are requested and carried out most often.
The lack of high-quality road surfaces is a common problem, and the courtyards of apartment buildings are no exception. None of the residents are satisfied with potholes and broken roads, be they pedestrians or car owners. The issue of asphalting the road inside the yard must be decided by the homeowners and the management company. For this purpose, the management company creates a special fund into which residents contribute money for the work of laying asphalt.
Since asphalt is already available, despite its condition, additional asphalt paving will be at the expense of the apartment owners. That is why the procedure is such that the organization of the fund is carried out after a meeting with voting and calculation of the approximate cost of the work. After all, not everyone is ready or able to pay the required amount. As always, the issue is decided by a majority vote in favor. More than half of the owners must be present at the meeting.
Fencing the local area of an apartment building is permitted by law, but has a number of established norms and restrictions:
Metal fences around the local area are often installed to prevent residents of neighboring houses from leaving their vehicles in the parking lot. Exceptions to this rule are:
All of them have the legal right to enter any fenced area.
IMPORTANT! Even if the residents of the house have received permission from the administration to impose an easement (limited right of use) on the fenced area, the fence must be completely dismantled or rebuilt so as to create a through passage through which residents of neighboring houses can move.
To avoid unforeseen and unpleasant moments, it is best to prepare in advance a design project for the yard indicating which specific area of the apartment building is planned to be fenced.
Regulation 170 from the Federal Agency for Construction and Housing and Communal Services(Gosstroy) determines standards for landscaping land adjacent to multi-storey buildings. In accordance with this order, you should:
If yards are landscaped with ponds, they should be constantly cleaned and care should be taken to ensure that the water does not bloom. To change the landscape of a green area, it is necessary, after a meeting at which the improvement scheme is approved, to be agreed upon with the municipal authority.
In situations where neither the house nor the adjacent territory are privatized and remain state property, the construction and subsequent maintenance of playgrounds is carried out by the municipality. If the high-rise building is privately owned, then the management company is obliged to undertake obligations for the construction, arrangement and maintenance of the playground.
The construction and maintenance of playgrounds for children must comply with GOST standards:
Management company employees are required to monitor the condition of the site:
The landscaping scheme in accordance with GOST provides for structures for playgrounds intended for children of different ages, as well as their separation. But in practice, most often they are located in the same area without any distinctions. As a rule, this happens due to insufficient building space. Therefore, in order not to violate the rules for landscaping the local area of an apartment building, it is necessary to install at least one structure for each age category.
In order to improve the yard, it is necessary to hold a meeting of the owners of the apartments in the building. It will discuss specifically what measures to improve the local area are planned to be carried out, the design of the yard is proposed, and a vote will be held. If a positive decision is made based on its results, a representative of all residents contacts the municipality with a jointly signed application. The office of the Criminal Code will tell you how to write an application, and you can also find a sample there.
In some regions, programs are being carried out to carry out landscaping work and improve areas adjacent to apartment buildings. In February 2017, the Russian government approved rules for co-financing the improvement of courtyards, and regions were allocated subsidies of 20 billion rubles to carry out measures to improve local areas.
If you qualify for this program, you can apply for and get on the waiting list for government yard improvement assistance. A sample application is located in the administration; it is written on behalf of all homeowners with each signature. It must be accompanied by technical documentation, which will indicate the condition of the house or houses and the territory itself.
Residents pay for landscaping work in courtyard areas of apartment buildings, whether they own residential property or just rent it. Of course, you can improve the yard with your own hands if there are activists who want to do small construction and other necessary work. In practice, this does not happen very often. Also, such activities can be carried out at the expense of public funds, if this is an ongoing federal improvement program.
Repairs to the local area of an apartment building are also carried out at the expense of the residents. Repairs are considered current:
The overhaul includes:
According to the adopted improvement program, the maintenance of cities and urban areas most frequently used by people has reached a new, better level. This applies to allocated funds and rules for landscaping, maintenance, effective cleaning systems, lighting and landscaping of the local area.
It is expected that more than half of the funding in this case will be spent on landscaping the courtyards of apartment buildings. It should be noted that even if a region falls under the program, without initiative from the citizens themselves, its implementation for a specific local area will not happen. Therefore, it is necessary to write a corresponding statement, as mentioned above.
In order to carry out the necessary work, draw up a project and approve it at a meeting. It should be noted that the design layout of the future yard must comply with the SNiP established by Russian legislation.
Based on the above, the answer to the question – who should do the landscaping – is obvious. Despite the fact that the residents themselves are responsible for the maintenance, care, improvement and, in most cases, payment for it, it is regulated by certain state standards established for almost every element for improving courtyard areas.
And so that the work done is not in vain, you should carefully study the relevant legal acts and prepare a detailed plan for the improvement of the local area of an apartment building. If you have any problems or questions regarding the arrangement of your local area, contact the Management Committee for advice.
