We continue to explore the levels language system, relying on . Let's turn to the most difficult spelling issues. Today we will talk about the spelling of adverbs.

Lesson 12. Spelling of adverbs formed from nouns. The letters Н and НН in suffixes of adverbs formed from adjectives and participles. Summary table of spelling of adverbs together, separately and with a hyphen

I. Adverbs formed from nouns with a preposition must be distinguished from the nouns themselves with a preposition and adverbial combinations. Use the table to distinguish them.

Exercise. Compare paired sentences with homonymous adverbs and nouns. What question from the verb will you put to the adverb? To a noun? Is it possible to add a case question to an adverb?

1. During a rockfall, small pebbles hail fell from the mountains. Crops were destroyed during a thunderstorm hail.
2. Alyosha keeps his thoughts in secret. Alyosha secretly sympathizes with Ole.

The task demonstrates that when you determine which part of speech is an adverb or a noun with a preposition without a dependent word, you need to consider that:

A) in a phrase from the main word, verb, to a dependent noun with a preposition, two questions can be asked - logical ( as where?) and grammatical, including a preposition. To an adverb, only the question of an adverb can be posed - it will be logical and grammatical at the same time;
b) a noun can be replaced by a synonymous or similar noun, and an adverb by an adverb.

For example:

1. (noun with preposition) Alyosha keeps his thoughts in secret. - Holds(How?, V how?) V secret; synonym - in secret.
2. (adverb) Alyosha secretly sympathizes with Ole. - Likes(how?, how?) secretly; synonym - secretly.

II. Adverbs ending in -O, were mainly formed in a suffixal way from adjectives and participles: beautiful (color) - (draw) beautifully, windy (person) - (act) windily, excited (child) - (answer) heaped.
In the suffix of such adverbs one letter N is written if they are formed from adjectives with one H, and NN is written if they are formed from adjectives and passive participles with NN, for example: in the wind n 1st person - act in the wind n oh puta n second answer - answer puta n oh, confused nn y answer - answer is confusing nn O.
Such adverbs -O in a sentence there are homophones of short passive participles or verbal adjectives of the neuter gender, where one or two letters N are written in the suffix.
Check - questions from the main word in a phrase to an adverb or participle. Adverbs answer questions how?, how?, which are placed mainly from the verb, and short participles and neuter adjectives answer the question what?, which comes from a noun. Compare:

1. The student answered(how?, how?) confusing. - Adverb formed from participle confused
2. The student answered(how?, how?) confused and confusing. - Adverb, formed from a verbal adjective confused
3. My business(what?) confusing (how?) consequence. - Short participle: there is a dependent word
4. My business(what?) difficult and confusing. - Short verbal adjective: there are no dependent words and the producer of the action is not implied - a noun or pronoun in the instrumental case

III. The recommended manual examines in detail the morphology of the adverb and the spelling issues of this part of speech. Here we present a summary table of the spelling of adverbs together, separately and with a hyphen. Merged and separate writing adverbs and adverbial combinations formed from nouns, see above.

RULE 4:

Almost all spelling norms associated with adverbs are explained by data from the historical grammar of the Russian language. Integrated and separate writing of adverbs formed from nouns can have a large number of exceptions.

RULE 5:

Adverbs with prefixes in-, for-, on-, formed from short adjectives, have at the end(left, alive, completely);

Adverbs with prefixes to-, from-, from- have at the end of a(dry, long ago, again).

RULE 6:

Adverbs are written with a hyphen :

With the prefix po-, formed from full adjectives and pronouns , ending with-mu, -him, -ski, -i(in a different way, in a wolf way, in a friendly way).

With attachment in-(in-), formed from ordinal numbers

(firstly, thirdly);

- indefinites with suffixes – this, -either, -something, with attachment some, with particle – after all(somewhere, someone, etc.);

- formed by repeating words (slightly).

RULE 7:

Adverbs formed from numerals, adjectives, pronouns written together:(forever, the day after tomorrow, for the first time, manually).

Adverbs that go back to nouns have combined and separate spellings. If original words adverbs not used in language written together : to pieces, locked up, at random.

Together adverbs are also written if they are applied to the original noun you can't ask a case question and choose a definition: subsequently, together, around, married, for example, right through, alone.

A group of adverbs with prefixes is written together o-, from-, to-, from (-is): partly, from above, from within.

Always together Adverbs formed from nouns are written: top, bottom, height, distance, width, depth, beginning. For example: below, at the beginning, deep, from afar etc .

Adverbial combinations with prepositions without, before, with, for, under are written separately : without knowledge, on demand, beyond recognition, with acceleration, abroad, in the morning.

If a preposition ends in a consonant and a noun begins with a vowel, adverbs are written apart: in exchange, openly, alone, point blank.

RULE 8:

Adverbs from, why, because why, why, then, therefore and conjunction but written in one word.

Combinations (prepositions with pronouns): from what, from what by that, by what, for what, after that, according to this written in two words, differ in meaning based on the pronoun.

REMEMBER: The conjunction ITAK (meaning “therefore”) is written in one word. The combination AND SO (conjunction with an adverb) - in two words.

Tasks

Exercise 1.

Explain the spelling of adverbs.

Dress (in) autumn, live (in) a new way, speak (in) English, act (in) your own way, lean back..., open the door wide..., wipe dry..., act (in) a comradely manner, formed a long time ago..., turned (in )lion..., danger (c)right..., leave before dark..., start over..., long... before these events, remember (strongly) firmly, distribute (evenly), make (more) better and (more) beautiful, calculate on (surely), disperse (alone).

Task 2 .

Write it off. Explain the combined and separate spelling of adverbs.

(On) always remember, put off (until) tomorrow, live (on) against, divide (into) two, say (with) hot, speak (in) general, see (on) through, increase (by) a little, act ( c) open, shoot (at) point blank; take (in) revenge, shout (in) pursuit, leave (in) early, dive (in) the depths, (in) the right to know, dream (in) secret, cross (in) the ford, respond (to) evil, spin ( c) side (on) side, go (to) meet difficulties

Task 3.

Explain the combined or separate writing of the proposed options.

And you are free to dispose of your inheritance, inherited from your aunt. I would like to say the same thing in response. He was also not at home. She wanted to know what he thought about this. It was necessary to wait until morning no matter what (no, no) became. He agreed to whatever was offered to him. She didn’t do all this just to lose everything at once.

Task 4 .

Make up sentences 1) with conjunctions: so that, too, also, moreover, but, so; 2) with adverbs: because, why, because, why, therefore, then; 3) with pronouns with a particle: whatever, the same; 4) with pronouns with a preposition: in addition, from that, for that, for which.

Adverb

Adverb - part of speech, unchangeable, denoting a sign of an action, a sign of a sign. In school teaching, it is customary to say that the words of this class answer the questions “how?”, “where?”, “where?”, “when?”, “why?”, “for what purpose?”, “to what extent? » and most often refer to verbs and denote a sign of action.

SPELLING OF ADVERBS

Letters o and e at the end of adverbs after sibilants.

At the end of adverbs after sibilants, under stress it is written o, without accent – ​​e: good, fresh, hot, But: melodiously, threateningly.

Letters nn in adverbs.

In adverbs starting with - o and - e, formed from adjectives based on nn (including from adjectives that were formed from passive participles with the suffix - nn -), written nn: artificial - artificial nn, excited nn - excited nn.

Letters a and o at the end of adverbs.

In adverbs that come from indirect cases of nouns or adjectives, the endings of these cases are preserved, for example:secretly, at first, at first, in vain.

Therefore, at the end of adverbs that come from genitive case singular neuter short adjectives with prepositions from, from, to, written a: right, long ago, dry; and at the end of adverbs that came from accusative case singular neuter with prepositions in, on, for, written about;

right o, left o, again o.

Exceptions: from a young age, foolishly, blindly(these adverbs come from the genitive case with the ending- y).

Letter ь after hissing adverbs at the end.

After the hissing adverbs at the end it is written b: gallop, backhand, wide open; except for the words:I can’t bear to get married.

Particles are not and neither in pronominal adverbs.

1. Particles are not or neither in negative pronominal adverbs they are prefixes and are written together; and under the accent it is written no, no accent – ​​neither: nowhere, nowhere, no time, nowhere; nowhere, nowhere, never, nowhere, no way, and also there is no need (“aimlessly”), not at all (“not to any extent”), not at all (“very easy”), not at all, not at all (meaning “to no extent”).

2. Together with not indefinite ones are written pronominal adverbs: once (“once upon a time”) and several (“partly”).

The difference between adverbs with prefixes and other parts of speech with prepositions.

Adverbs with prefixes must be distinguished from similar nouns, adjectives and pronouns with prepositions.

a) Adjectives and adjective pronouns agree with nouns; adverbs usually adjoin verbs and do not change, for example: We entered an empty room (in - preposition, refers to a noun room; empty - adjective, agreed with the word room; to which room? –to empty). No need to waste charges wasted (wasted - adverb of manner, adjoins the verbspend). The train is coming over the new bridge (by – preposition, refers to the word bridge, new adjective, agrees with the wordbridge). We have healed in a new way (in a new way – adverb, adjoins the verb healed).

b) Nouns can have dependent words, but adverbs for the most part cannot.

Examples. In the distance transparent chenille mountains (in the distance -transparent). A star flashes in the distance (in the distance - adverb used to mean “far, far away”)I arrived in the village at first summer (at the beginning -dependent noun summer). At the beginningit was difficult for me in the new place, and then I got used to it (in the beginning -

adverb used to mean “first”).
Continuous, hyphenated and separate spelling of adverbs depends on how they were formed.
CONCLUSION adverbs are written in six cases: 1. If an adverb was formed relatively long ago and it contains words that are not currently used in nominal forms, for example: ENOUGH, IN DRAWINGS, LOCKED UP, AWAY, BACK, BACK, BY SPIDGES, SECRETLY, FRIENDLY, FUCKING, HASHY, ALERT, ON AN EASTSHCHACK, NEPAPAD, EARLY, EARLY EARLY, etc. In other words, the adverb DRAWINGS is written together, since JUNCTION forms in there is no modern literary language.
2. If an adverb is formed by combining a prefix with another adverb, for example: VERY, FOR FREE, FOREVER, THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW, EVERYWHERE, IN ADVANCE, etc.

3. If an adverb was formed by combining a preposition with an adjective. Both full and short forms can participate in the formation of adverbs. Full adjectives answer in nominative case to the questions WHAT?, WHAT?, WHAT?, WHAT? For example, the adverb from the phrase MADE BY MANUAL was formed by merging the preposition B with the adjective MANUAL (in the nominative case - MANUAL). In a similar way, the adverbs TIGHT, SCATTERED, DARK, CLEAR, etc. appeared. Short adjectives answer the questions WHAT?, WHAT?, WHAT? and WHAT ARE THERE? and have truncated endings compared to full adjectives, compare: HOT (answers the question WHAT? - this is full form) and HOT-A ​​(answers the question WHAT? - this is short form). For example, an adverb that was created by merging the preposition C and the short adjective HOT must be written together. In a similar way, the adverbs LEFT, DRY, DEAD, FROM A FAR, QUICKLY, LITTLE, LOWLY, SLOWLY were formed.
4. If an adverb was formed by combining a preposition with a noun, but between the preposition and the noun from which the adverb was formed, a defining adjective, pronoun, numeral cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun: IN ADDITION, FORD, FLYING IN, AGAIN, TRULY, AROUND, FOLLOWING, INTERRUPTING, INTERBENDING, CLOSEST, FIT (SUIT), ON TIME (ARRIVE), SIDEWAY (PUT ON A HAT), TOWARDS, FLYING OUT, HEADWAY (BREAK), IN SPITE, BY MEMORY (LEARN), Despite the possibility of placing a defining word in front of some of them; they are written together, for example: UP, UP, UP, UP, UP, UP; DOWN, BELOW, BOTTOM, BOTTOM, BOTTOM; FORWARD, FORWARD; BACK; UP; IN THE DISTANCE, IN THE DISTANCE, IN THE DISTANCE; FOREVER, FOREVER, FOREVER, FOREVER, FOREVER; FIRST, FIRST.
5. If an adverb was formed by combining a preposition with a pronoun, for example: BECAUSE, THEN, BECAUSE, THEREFORE, AT ALL, Draw. AT ALL.
6. If the adverb was formed by combining the preposition B or NA with collective numerals. Numerals in Russian are divided into three groups: quantitative (for example, TWO, FIVE, TEN), ordinal (SECOND, FIFTH, TENTH) and collective (TWO, FIVE, TEN). In accordance with the rule, adverbs formed only from numerals are written together last group, for example: TWO, TWO, SIX. The spelling of adverbs formed from numerals of other types will be discussed below.
The adverb is written HYPHENED in four cases.
1) adverbs with a prefix By; ending with-ski, -tski, -i, -mu, -em: in Russian, in Cossack, in wolf, in a new way, in our way, as before, in an empty way, apparently.

Note. Console By- written together: a) in adverbs that come from short adjectives:equally, simply, slowly;b) in adverbs comparative degree: better, worse, more beautiful;c) in pronominal adverbs: why because,

2) adverbs formed from ordinal numbers with a preposition V, used as introductory words:Firstly Secondly. thirdly, seventhly etc.

Note: An adverb is written with a dashto the mountain: Coal was supplied to the mountain evenly, batch by batch (Igishsv.):

3) adverbs formed: a) repetition of the same word:a little, barely;b) repeating the same root with different prefixes, suffixes and endings:little by little, a long time ago, dark and dark, day after day;c) a combination of two synonyms:unexpectedly, unexpectedly, I'll say hello and so on.;

4) indefinite pronominal adverbs formed by means of particles-that, -either, -anything, something-: somewhere, sometime, somewhere, somehow and so on.

Among the adverbial combinations written apart , four groups can be distinguished.
1. The first group includes combinations of nouns with various prepositions, in which the noun has retained at least some case forms. Consider the following examples: UNDER THE ARMPITS, UNDER THE ARMPITS, UNDER THE ARMMIT, UNDER THE ARMMIT, FROM UNDER THE ARMMITS;.
An adverb is an unchangeable part of speech: it is not inflected or conjugated. But if a word has several case forms, then it is not an adverb and it must be written separately with the preposition.
2. The second group of adverbial combinations, which are written separately, consists of a preposition ending with a consonant and a noun beginning with a vowel. For example: IN AN HUG, ALONE, IN REVENGE, AT POINT POINT, AT PLEASE, WITHOUT RESISTANCE, WITHOUT TIRED and others.
3. The third group consists of adverbial combinations, consisting of two repeated nouns, sometimes with a preposition between them. For example: HONOR WITH HONOR, ODD WITH ERROR, SIDE BY SIDE, EYE TO EYE, DOOR TO DOOR.
4. The fourth group is a less clearly defined set of combinations of nouns with prepositions that are used in an adverbial meaning or are simply similar to adverbs because they answer the question HOW?. For example: WITHOUT KNOWING, WITHOUT A REQUEST, WITHOUT LOOKING BACK, WITHOUT PUSHING, WITHOUT TIRED, IN THE INSOLE, TO THE DEATH, TO DEATH, ON THE RUN, IN VIEW, AT THE EYE, ON THE RUN, ON THE WALK and others. The spelling of such words must be memorized, and if in doubt, seek help from spelling dictionary.
It is necessary to remember the exception words that are written differently than indicated in the rule: IN THE OPEN, ON THE MOUNTAIN, IN LATIN, EXACTLY.

Vowels A And O at the end of adverbs

Adverbs with prefixes in-, for-, on-, have a letter at the end O, and adverbs of the same origin with prefixes to-, from-, from- have a letter at the end A. For example: to the right, before dark, firmly; enough, occasionally, again.

Such adverbs are formed from adjectives in a prefix-suffix way, and they must be distinguished from adverbs that have the same prefixes, but formed in a suffix way: orally O(oral), verbatim O(verbatim), correct O(serviceable).

Adverbs of hissing

At the end of adverbs after sibilants it is written b.

For example: backhand, wide open, away. Exceptions: already, married, unbearable.

In total, there are 9 adverbs for this rule in the Russian language.: wide open, completely, completely, away, unbearably, backhanded, backwards, galloping, exactly. You can just learn these words. But if some new word is added with a hiss at the end, it will have to be written according to the given rule.

Not And neither in pronominal negative adverbs

In negative adverbs it is written under stress Not, without accent - neither, in both cases these are prefixes and they are written together: nowhere, nowhere, no place, nowhere, no time, never, nowhere, nowhere, no way, not at all, no matter, no reason (aimless); also not at all, not at all.

For example: once do trifles - never" did not bother with trifles; in summer not"where was playing - children nowhere" didn't play; not "from where" wait for news - not at all "yes" no news came. See also Using the particle NOT and Using the particle NI

Letters n and nn in adverbs

Continuous writing of adverbs

1. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with an adverb are written together, for example: completely, forever, through, the day before yesterday, from the outside, hardly, the day after tomorrow.

Note 1. Separately written combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words, used in these cases in the meaning of nouns, should be distinguished from such adverbs. Wed: For tomorrow the patient felt better (felt when?, in the meaning of the adverb). - The meeting is scheduled for tomorrow(scheduled for what time? when?, in the meaning of a noun).

2. Adverbs formed by combining the prepositions in and on with collective numerals are written together, for example: doubled, tripled, quadrupled, in two (but: in twos), in three (but: in threes, Also one by one).

3. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with short adjectives are written together, for example: to the left, for a long time, tightly, red-hot, for a long time, to the right, for a long time, in vain, nearby.

Note. Varies continuous writing some adverbs of this type and separate writing of prepositional-nominal combinations. Wed: To the people a lot happens here every day. - He doesn't come here a lot months (presence of a controlled word).

4. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with full adjectives and pronouns are written together, for example: close (to approach), scattered (to rush), manually (to do), blindly (to wander), in the dark (to play), outright (to be dismissed), to a draw (to play), with all might (to swing), recklessly, at random, probably for the first time.

Note. Adverbs of this type are written separately, composed of the preposition in and an adjective starting with a vowel, for example: in the open, in general.

5. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with nouns are written together, for example: forward, sideways, sometimes, in person, backwards, in starts, at random, in addition, on the contrary, involuntarily, soft-boiled, squatted.

Adverbs of this type include:

a) Words with different adverbial meanings, containing such nouns or such nominal forms that are not used in modern literary language: close, in plenty, in pursuit, to pieces, on loan, in return, locked up, in starts, passionately, at random, at random, crookedly, for rent, inside, inside, personally, back home, waddle, racing, in front, alternately, mixed up, swimming, waddle, in a hurry, at a glance, half-hungry, at a loss, half-awake, waddle, by surprise, apart, seriously, at a gallop, casually, soft-boiled, old-fashioned, on the sly, in a hurry, at exorbitant prices, alien, completely, married (from the old form of wine. fall.), familiar, from within, from time immemorial , confession, from under the brows, on the sly, from time immemorial, ucnolu, from time immemorial, askew, in defiance, backwards, bitterly, topsy-turvy, backwards, to the ground, by heart, obliquely, obliquely, at random, backhand, race, in defiance, across, contrary, on the spot, straight, in great demand , out, out of the blue, wide open, on guard, on an empty stomach, at random, on the run, on the alert, in reality, unknowingly, by chance, unbearably, at random, to the ground, rightly so, behind, by hearsay, at a distance, across, in half, in the afternoon, foolishly, behind, outside, early , sleepy, sleepy, too much, etc..

b) Words with different adverbial meanings, if between the preposition (prefix) and the noun from which the adverb is formed, a defining adjective, pronoun, numeral cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun: in addition, wade, fly in, to your heart's content, to your heart's content (eat), puff (smoke), completely (to be exhausted), together, instantly, saddle (wear a coat), at a loss, again, truly, around, after, at odds, at the bend, right up, just in time (suit), on time (to arrive), subsequently, half, really, has the right (to do so), for future use, at random, at random, at random, at odds, at random, at stretch, hardly, quickly, out loud, dry, secretly, openly, for nothing, married, at once, in a row, by the way, on one side (put on a hat), towards, protruded, right through, out, out, out, out, out, at attention, head on (break), out of spite, by heart (learn), inside out, the day before, finally, on the contrary, flatly, vying with each other, at the ready, half, vying with each other, intercepting, ostentatiously, finally, for example, for hire, all the way through, right through, wide open, chanting, along with, forcefully, to the death (stand; but: not for life, but for death), at random, in the morning (return), frankly, unbearably, sideways (to live), from time to time, partly, sideways, in a row, sometimes, involuntarily, one by one, in the morning, sideways, too, shoulder-to-shoulder (cut), at once, from time to time, in a row.

Note 1. Many of these words, depending on the context (the presence of explanatory words) and meaning, act as a combination of a preposition with a noun and are written separately. Wed: wade - enter a ford; to be truly (really) happy - to believe in the truth; has the right to act this way - not to doubt the right to do so; break completely - put on the head; act secretly (secretly) - keep secret (secret); learn by heart - give as a gift; to do out of spite - to complain about evil and injustice; speak stretched (stretching out words) - give the boots to stretch (cf.: in a repeated stretch), lean to one side - turn on the side (cf.: on the right side), sideways - from side to side; live side by side - live side by side; stand to death - go to death; return the next morning (in the morning) - move to the morning; not to see from birth - thirty years old; too much - more than three meters; contrary to someone else's opinion - getting into a cut on the arm.

c) Words with spatial and temporal meaning, containing the nouns top, bottom, before, back, height, distance, century, beginning, despite the possibility of placing a defining word in front of some of them: up, up, up, to the top, up, above; down, below, down, to the bottom, below; forward, ahead; back; up; into the distance, away, from a distance; forever, forever, forever, forever, forever; at first, at first; but if there are explanatory words for the corresponding nouns, the specified words are written separately, for example: to the top of the mountain, to the heights of heaven, to the distance of the steppes, to the blue distance, forever and ever, at the beginning of life, from the beginning of the school year.

Note 1. The possibility of inserting a defining word (cf.: up - to the very top) does not indicate their separate spelling. These words are written separately only if there is an explanatory word for the specified nouns in the sentence itself or according to the meaning of the context, for example: to the bottom of the dress, into the depths of the ocean, into the foggy distance, at the beginning of autumn, forever and ever, forever and ever, repeat the lesson from the beginning (i.e. “from the beginning”, not “from the beginning”). Wed: Science is studied from the beginning, friendship is cherished from the beginning(proverb). But: We need to start all over again(meaning “again, again, once again”).

Note 2. Many of the words given in this paragraph can be used as prepositions with a controlled noun, and in these cases the continuous spelling is preserved, for example: There was a light visible at the bottom of the door(i.e. the light came from under the door, and did not illuminate the bottom of the door). There was a date at the top of the letter.(the meaning of the adverbial preposition is perceived, and not the objective meaning of “top of the letter”). Wed. Also: to be at the top of bliss, to feel at the top of well-being(with a figurative meaning of the word above), stop in the middle of the road, etc.

6. Many adverbs are written together professional nature And conversational style with the prefix v- and the final syllable -ku, for example: catching up, squeezing, rolling, saddled, overlay, scurrying, waddling, waddling, overturning, racing, interspersed, jumbled, heaping, tucking, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, ku, cover, biting, skipping, squeezing, skipping, squatting, squatting, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, sipping, crunching, squinting, squatting, scattering, waddling, swaying, squeezing, swaying, spinning, squeezing.

Written separately: in ridicule, in installments; Also a curiosity(other education) and different combinations, in which the noun begins with a vowel (tight, etc.).

Hyphenated spelling of adverbs

1. Adverbs with a prefix ending in -oo, -emu, -ki, -ni, -i are written with a hyphen, for example: work in a new way, let it be your way, advise in a friendly way, speak French, to be cunning like a fox; apparently in an empty way, as before, and also in Latin.

Note 1. The prefix is ​​written together if the adverb includes a short adjective on y (for a long time, little by little), with the suffix -enku, -onku (little by little, little by little) or a comparative degree (more, more often).

Note 2. In adverbs with the prefix po-, formed from compound adjectives with hyphenated spelling, the hyphen is written only after the prefix, for example: in the social democratic way, in the non-commissioned officer way.

Try not to confuse an adverb and an adjective. Compare: dressed for autumn. By autumn ice walking is dangerous.

2. Adverbs in -ih, -ih with the prefix v- (vo-), formed from ordinal numbers, are written with a hyphen, for example : firstly, fourthly, seventhly, lastly(the last spelling is similar to the previous ones).

3. Indefinite adverbs with particles -that, -either, -something, -are written with a hyphen, for example: sometime, from somewhere, somehow, somewhere, after all.

4. Adverbs formed by repetition of the same word or the same stem, as well as a combination of two synonymous or related words are written with a hyphen.

Here are the most full list of these words:

inside out,full,light-light,dearly,willy-nilly,very very,just,at the very least,more or less,a long time ago,exactly the same,barely,barely,criss-cross,I'll say hello,after all,a little,tightly,little by little,not today, tomorrow,sewn-covered,from the bay,quietly and quietly

5. A technical term is written with a hyphen. on-mountain.

Separate writing of adverbial combinations

1. Adverbial expressions consisting of two repeated nouns with a preposition between them are written separately: side by side, eye to eye(by analogy: one on one).

2. Adverb expressions with an intensifying meaning, formed by a combination of two identical nouns, of which one is in the nominative case, the other in the instrumental, are written separately, for example: business is business, honor is honor, eccentric is eccentric.

3. Combinations of nouns with prepositions used in adverbial meanings are written separately:

• without: without knowledge, without asking, without beating around the bush, without looking back, without refusal, without enlightenment, without waking up, indiscriminately, without asking, to no avail, without restraint, without silence, without fatigue;
• V: into the smoke, into the gloss, into the insole (drunk), into the selection, into the bargain, into the pool, into the old days, into the joint, into the dead end, into the dead end;
• before: to the bitter end, to the point of failure, to the point of failure, to death, to the point of falling;
• behind: after midnight;
• on the: on the run, on the fly, in sight, on the fly, at a gallop, on the move; by weight, by sight, by taste, by eye, by eye, by sin, by wonder, by envy, by touch, by rarity, by glory, by laughter;
• from: from strength (three kilograms, etc.);
• By: the old fashioned way;
• under: to match, to the bias, to the tips, to the noise;
• With: with the knowledge, with the wind, with a swoop, with a swoop, with a pantalyk (go astray), with a running start, with acceleration, with a swing, on the move.

Adverbial combinations of the prepositions in and on with the nouns in are also written. plural, indicating location, time, state (physical and mental): in the heads, in the legs, in days, in joys, in trots, in demolitions, on the clock (to stand).

Combinations of the preposition on with unchangeable parts of speech (particles, interjections) are written separately if they act as adverbs: at random, to no (reduce to nothing), to hurray, to fufu.

4. Adverb combinations consisting of the preposition v and nouns starting with a vowel are written separately: in exchange, to the hilt, to the girth, point-blank, alone, openly.

5. Combinations of nouns with various prepositions used separately as adverbs are written separately if the noun in a certain meaning has retained at least some case forms.

For example: in mockery, with mockery; abroad, abroad, from abroad (but: trade with abroad - from the noun abroad), to home, at home; on all fours, on all fours; squatting, squatting; on tiptoe, on tiptoe; on the heels, on the heels; on bail, on bail; from memory, from memory; on hand, not from hand; conscientiously, according to conscience; under the armpit, under the armpit, under the armpits, under the armpits, from under the armpits (but: armpits); under a bushel, under a bushel.

The same if the noun is used in a figurative meaning, for example: scream in your hearts (in anger), scold behind your back (in absentia).

6. Combinations of negations not and nor with prepositional forms of nouns are written separately, for example : not in moderation, not to the credit, beyond strength, not to taste, not good, not for an iota, not for a penny, not in a hurry.

In cases of difficulties in spelling adverbs formed by combining a preposition with nouns, you should consult a spelling dictionary.

In the “Spelling by Rules” course you will find interactive exercises on spelling adverbs. >>>

Integrated, separate and hyphenated spelling adverbs are determined by the way they are formed.

Adverbs are written with a hyphen, If:

• have the prefix PO- and the suffixes -OMU, -EMU, -SKSH-TSKI, -I): in my opinion; (Exception: in Latin);
• have the prefix B-(VO-) and the suffixes -ИХ, -ИХ: firstly;
• have the prefix SOME- or suffixes -TO, -OR, -ANIBUD: someone, someone;
• they are formed by repeating words, basics; words related by association: quickly, quickly, crosswise, here and there.

Remember adverbs and adverbial expressions that are written with a hyphen:

just
after all
criss-cross
little by little
more or less
here and there
exactly the same
tête-à-tête
back and forth
this way
inside out
unexpectedly
I'll say hello from the bay

But: swarming with tears, crying with tears, burning with grief.

In adverbs with the prefix PO- the hyphen is written only once: in worker-peasant style (but: worker-peasant).

A combination of two nouns in I.p. and so on. and having an intensifying meaning, are written with a hyphen (previously written separately):

fool-fool
pig-pig
eccentric-eccentric
honor-honor
rank and file

Adverbs are written together, If:

• formed from the adverb (everywhere - everywhere);
• formed from a short adjective (long) and from a comparative degree (lower);
• formed from the collective numeral with the prefix V-, NA- (in two, in two);
• have the suffix -УУ (hard-boiled; exception: open, lateral, world, backward);
• formed from words that are not used in the modern Russian language (zaperti);
• preposition + numeral four; exception on -ИХ, -ИХ): for two;
• preposition + numeral with vowel: at the same time; exception (both).

Remember: The prepositions IS (IZ), K, OT, IZ-UNDER + noun are written together: from time immemorial, by the way, to the ground, from birth, gradually, on the sly.

Exceptions: not in a hurry, not out of place.

Adverbs are written separately, educated:

• of two nouns with prepositions (side by side);
• using the preposition NA and a noun or adjective for a consonant: to backtrack);
• using the preposition B, WITHOUT and a noun that begins with a vowel (point-blank, without looking back).

Remember:

Adverbs formed using nouns and the following prepositions are written separately:

Continuous and separate writing of adverbs formed from the prepositions В, На and nouns

Test

1. Indicate in which rows all adverbs and adverbial expressions are written together.

• a) (c) later, (the other day), (c) secretly hope
• b) (on) the move, (like) a child, (c) clean
• c) from (either), (from) a swing, (c) a dash
• d) (c) catch up, (is) old, (one by) one

2. Indicate in which rows all words are written separately.

• a) (by) hearsay, (by) outcome, (by) force
• b) (c)on the fly, (under)hands, (in)discrimination
• c) (before) the drop, (from) outside, (in) the morning
• d) (abroad, (to) dump, (to) ready

3. Indicate in which rows all words are written with a hyphen.

• a) exactly (c) exactly, where (that), there (here)
• b) (in) German, (under) armpit, (c) sixth
• c) cross (crosswise), (in) two, somehow (no way)
• d) unexpectedly (unexpectedly), (secondly), (c) three

4. Indicate in which rows all adverbs have the suffix -A.

• a) tightly .., tightly .., dry ..
• b) again.., red-hot.., occasionally..
• c) for so .., for a long time .., again ..
• d) left.., easy.., so far..

5. Indicate in which case the explanation of the spelling is incorrect.

• a) (execute) differently- hyphenated spelling of adverbs with the prefix PO- and suffix -OMU
• b) satiated- the suffix is ​​written -A, because the prefix DO-
• V) without waking up- an adverbial expression formed from the preposition WITHOUT and a noun, always written separately
• G) from the side- adverbs formed from the preposition C and a noun are always written together

Keys to tests