Writing Not with different parts of speech depends on whether Not part of a word (prefix) or a separate word - a negative particle. Console Not- written together with the part of the word that follows it, particle Not written separately with the word following it. Compare for example: It’s not execution that’s scary, it’s your disfavor that’s scary.(P.); A difficult lot, not a joyful one, / Was drawn out for you by fate, / And early on, with a merciless life, / You entered into an unequal battle(Tyutch.).
The difficulty for the writer is to distinguish between particles and prefixes. The rules are structured to help the writer differentiate the prefix Not- and a particle Not and based on this, choose a combined or separate spelling.
Particle Not expresses negation without creating a new word, whereas with the help of a prefix Not- a word is created, compare: The reason for this is not experience, but prudence. And Inexperience leads to disaster(P.).
With words of only grammatical categories Not can only be written separately, with words of other categories - both together and separately. In addition, there are conditions that determine only continuous writing Not regardless of the grammatical category of words. Only the negative is written separately Not , relating to a whole phrase.
Regardless of the grammatical affiliation of the word negation Not written together in the following cases.
1. If after not, which has a negative meaning, there follows a part of a word that does not exist separately (without not) as an independent word, For example:
Nouns: fable, tumbler, ignorance, ignorant, adversity, unseen, invisible, slave, scoundrel, touchy, ailment, forget-me-not, hatred, bad weather, problems, fidget, slob, foolish, loser, infidel;
Adjectives (as well as adverbs formed from them in O ): careless, inconspicuous, irrevocable, unharmed, inevitable, unchangeable, absurd, necessary, invincible, unceasing, inseparable, unspeakable, unending, unceasing, undoubted, incomparable, awkward, unfortunate, clumsy, intolerable, unshakable, indisputable, indomitable; careless, absurd, necessary, undoubtedly;
Verbs: to dislike, to dislike, to be indignant, to be unwell, to be unwell, to hate, to be unwell, to be unwell, to be perplexed, to be unable to come, to be numb;
Adverbs and other fixed words: unbearably, unbearably, unbearably, unknowingly, by chance, inadvertently, impossible, inadvertently, really.
2. If the part of the word without, when used independently, has a different meaning unrelated to the given word , For example: ignorance(‘lack of awareness’; conducting means ‘field of activity’, compare: was in his charge...); flaw('flaw'; prosperity means ‘prosperity, lack of need’); misfortune(‘trouble’, not ‘lack of happiness’), unimportant('bad'; important means ‘proud’ and ‘significant’); narrow-minded(‘not very smart’; far means ‘at a great distance’); lack(meaning ‘not enough’), enemy('enemy'). Compare also: unprecedented case, incorrect light, incredible event, impossible character, involuntary lie, worthless boy, immediate response, immediate reaction; unevenness(meaning ‘uneven place on the surface’); no wonder(meaning ‘not in vain’).
3. As part of the prefixes under- and nebez- (heaven-):
under- with the meaning of incompleteness, insufficiency compared to the norm, for example: underweight, imperfection, runt, underestimation, shortcoming; unripe, underdeveloped; to underfulfill, not to deliver, to undernourish, not to receive, not to say, to overlook, to undersalt, not to sleep, to miss;
From verbs with a prefix under- verbs with the prefix should be distinguished before- and the preceding particle Not(such verbs with a particle Not indicate an action not completed). Compare: Didn't look after the child And Didn't watch the play to the end; They are chronically malnourished And He usually doesn't finish his portion.
not without- (heaven-) with a value of a moderate but quite significant degree of the attribute, for example: notorious(‘quite famous’), not unreasonable, not useless(‘quite useful’), not fruitful(‘pretty effective’).
Negation is not written separately in the following cases.
1. With all forms of verbs :
a) with the infinitive and conjugated forms, for example: don't know, don't know, don't know, didn't know, didn't know, take your time, take your time, take your time, don't like it, no luck;
b) with short forms of participles, for example: not used, not starched, not uncorked, not designed, not closed, not occupied, not drunk;
c) with participles, for example: without wanting, without being distracted, without haste, without joking, without having time, without meeting.
From gerunds with a particle Not should be distinguished:
a) adverb immediately(‘immediately, immediately’), compare: Got to work immediately And Without delaying the answer, he sat down to write the letter;
b) complex prepositions despite, despite, compare: Came despite the difficulties And Walked without looking around; c) union although.
2. With numerals and counting nouns , For example: not one, not two, not five, not both, not the sixth, not a hundred, not a thousand, not a million.
3. With pronominal words , For example: not me, not me, not you, not you, not he, not that one, not mine, not ours, not theirs, not anyone, not like that, not everyone, not everyone, not so much, not like that, not always, not everywhere, not in my own voice, not myself.
4. With adjectives used only in short form : not happy, shouldn't, not much.
5. With adverbs (except for those formed from adjectives using the suffix -O ), and with unchangeable words used as a predicate , For example: not close, not on time, not completely, not rightly, not for the future, not seriously, not casually, not yesterday, not to the full, not tomorrow, not in vain, not otherwise, not forever, not forever, not on purpose, not very, not behind , not completely, not today, not too much, not from above, not immediately; no shame, not married, no shame, no need.
There are a few exceptions to this rule: adverbs not far away, inopportunely, shortly, not for long, not much can be written both together and separately.
6. With any words written with a hyphen, For example: not commercial and industrial, not scientific research, not a conference hall, not a social democrat, not comradely, not Russian, not ours.
7. With any combination of words :
a) with combinations consisting of significant words (in these cases, the negation does not refer to the word that follows Not , but to a whole phrase), for example: not a candidate of sciences, not a citizen of Russia, not a researcher, not a specialist in the field of philology, not directly proportional;
b) with prepositional combinations, for example: not for children, not for the sake of glory, not with them, not on the way, not without reason, not under authority, not according to conscience, not from the timid, not about war, not in the spirit, not able, not in my mind, not to the face, beyond the power.
Integrated/separate spelling NOT
With nouns, adjectives (full and short forms and comparative forms), with adverbs in -O , full forms of participles Not can be written both together and separately.
-O negation Not written separately in the following cases.
1. As part of structures with opposition : not... but, not... but, ... and not... In such designs Not can only be a negative particle, for example:
Not happiness, but just luck; He told not the truth, but half-truths(compare: He told a lie); Not love, but infatuation(compare: His dislike for animals);
Not a good person, but rather a bad one(compare: He's not a good person); The title is quirky and not original.(compare: Unoriginal title); Not an ordinary egg, but a golden one(compare: Not an easy question); It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick; He is resourceful, not cunning; The new sentence is not fairer, but only harsher ;
You did not act badly, but terribly; It's not easy to figure this out, but it's very simple..
The particle is also written Not in constructions with opposition and in the absence of a conjunction A , For example: This is not entertainment, this is a lesson; It's not a pleasant sight - it's a breathtaking sight; A gift is not precious, but love is precious; He acts not more energetically - more fussily.
Such constructions should be distinguished from oppositions of a different kind, in which conjunctions A And But close in value to although, still, nevertheless, For example: The river was not wide, but deep; He is ugly, but smart; She is short but slender; An inexpensive gift, but nice; Ugly, but cute; Not stupid, but boring. Here it is not denied that the river was wide, that he is handsome, etc., but it is asserted that the river is not wide, that he is ugly, etc.
2. As part of constructions that reinforce negation:
A) with words not at all, not at all, far from, not at all, not at all , For example: This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from brave; He is not at all stupid; It's no fun talking about it; Not at all embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband;
b) with negative pronominal words: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, no, nothing, no, no, no etc., for example: The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, not in any way useless, good for nothing, incapable of anything, not interesting in any way; He's not any prettier than his sister;
V) with the union no no, For example: The man is not known to either the hosts or the guests; Not needed by me or you.
Constructions that reinforce negation should be distinguished from constructions that emphasize affirmative meaning.
3. In combinations almost..., almost..., isn't it..., no further than..., no later than..., no earlier than...
With nouns, adjectives, adverbs -O negation is NOT written together in the following cases X
1. If the word with cannot be replaced with a word without a similar meaning. This possibility suggests that Not – a prefix that forms a special word, for example: non-intervention(neutrality), not true(lie); frivolous(frivolous), unhealthy(painful), shallow knowledge(superficial), unfriendly(hostile); quietly(quiet), often(often), not easy(difficult), not close(far), a lot(a lot of).
2. If nouns and adjectives in combination with do not indicate non-belonging to any category of persons or phenomena , For example: non-doctors, non-Franius, non-Marxists, non-Christians, non-specialists, non-Muscovites, non-Russians, non-democrats, non-poets, non-terms, non-metals, non-verses; A non-Russian will look without love / At this pale, bloodied, / Muse cut with a whip(Necr.); A non-doctor will not understand this; Non-specialists liked the report; A non-Egyptologist will not understand him; A non-mathematician cannot solve this problem; A non-linguist will not write such a dictation; non-academic institutions, non-food additives, non-military industries .
3. If there is no modifier or preposition before the noun c. The presence of these words is a sign that Not forms a single word with a given noun, for example: Dismissed for absenteeism; My eternal bad luck is to blame for everything; Added to his lack of prudence was his ever-present indecision; Everyone knows about her bad manners; I doze at balls, / Before them, a mortal reluctance(Gr.).
4. If with an adjective, as well as with an adverb, -O there are words very, extremely, very, extremely, clearly, quite (enough), sufficiently, blatantly, exclusively, eminently– words with the meaning of the degree of manifestation of the characteristic, emphasizing the statement, For example: very unscrupulous work, slept very restlessly, became extremely inactive and sluggish, answered extremely unintelligibly and unsatisfactorily, very outstanding, very thoughtless, extremely unresponsive person, extremely unpleasant, clearly an inappropriate undertaking, rather unsuccessful ending, quite consistent, blatantly illiterate, exceptionally unfavorable circumstances , highly indecent.
However, words like absolutely, completely, can be used in combinations of this type (emphasizing the statement), and with words written with not separately. Compare for example: absolutely(completely) unsuccessful performance And he is absolutely human(completely) not old(possibly a synonymous combination not old at all).
5. If the form of the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs contains qualifying adverbs , For example: even more uninteresting, much uglier, much more unpleasant, increasingly inaccessible, a little more incomprehensible, and also if the comparative form is used in negative constructions like: there is nothing worse than... or in construction with conjunctions than... the, For example: the simpler the better; the further you go, the more disappointing.
From a number of adjectives with the prefix Not- and corresponding adverbs of the comparative degree are not formed. These include formations with Not- from words that have forms with a suffix -e And -she (For example: not rich, not easy, not loud, not subtle, not far), with stressed suffix -her (For example: weak, unclear, uncomplicated, sad). Therefore, the usual spellings are not richer, not simpler, not louder, not further, not stronger, not clearer, not more fun.
However, very rarely forms of comparative degree from such formations with Not- found, for example: The floating ghost has become even more unclear(P.); There was nothing simpler, more secretive than him in all the Izvals(Boon.).
In all other cases, in the absence of words in the context that help to recognize negation or affirmation and, therefore, distinguish the particle Not from the console Not- , the writer must check which words - reinforcing a negation or emphasizing a statement - are possible in meaning in a given context.
If it is possible to substitute words that express opposition or strengthen negation ( at all, not at all etc.), is not written separately, for example: The way there(not at all) not distant; the weather was(not at all) not hot; He(far) not calm; They(not at all) not guilty; They live(at all) not rich; Admit your mistake(at all) not humiliating; Left, but(not at all) not for long; May be,(at all) and it’s not bad that he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(not at all) not easy.
If possible, substitution of words emphasizing the statement ( very, enough and etc.), Not written together, for example: The way there(Very) close-minded; They live(very) not rich; the weather was(enough) not hot; He(Very) restless; They(obviously) innocent; Left, but(Very) not for long; May be,(Very) and it’s a good thing he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(very) not easy.
Unlike participles, with any dependent words (except for words that strengthen negation), writing such adjectives with Not remains merged, for example: a role unusual for her, a person unfamiliar to me, previously unknown poems, a boy unlike his sister, not prone to boasting, in places inaccessible to children, the island has long been uninhabited.
Thus, the writer must be aware of what he wants to express: the negation of a sign - and then write Not separately from the next word(For example: he is not healthy, it doesn’t matter, cases are not rare, not by chance, not significant, not surprising, not democratically) or statement of the attribute - and then write Not together (compare: he is unhealthy, it is not uncommon, it does not matter, it is not by chance, it is insignificant, it is not surprising, in an undemocratic way). The choice of writing will determine the understanding of what is written by the readers.
With full forms of participles, the negation is not written separately:
A) if they have dependent words , For example: a person who does not disdain any means; not knowing what he is doing; not caring about food; friends who haven't seen each other for many years; version not supported by facts; a genius not recognized by his contemporaries; an object not identified by ground services; not bound by obligations; not obliged to obey; unmoved by her tears; a dress that has not been washed for a long time; roof not painted since spring;
b) as part of constructions with opposition or constructions that reinforce negation, For example: this is not a finished work, but some sketches; not knowing, but only guessing; not warring, but peacefully neighboring countries; not respected - loved; not at all calmed down, not at all embarrassed, not at all happy, not noticed by anyone, never discouraged, not loved by anyone.
Negation is not written together with full forms of participles:
A) in the absence of dependent words , For example: unarmed soldiers, unopened letter, unreturned valuables, unemployed pensioners, non-combatants, unbloomed flower, unrealized advantage, unproven theorem, unfinished novel, unrecognized genius, unidentified object, unclosed door, unwatered plants;
b) as part of constructions emphasizing the statement, for example: extremely undeserved censure, a very rash act, clearly unreasonable demands.
In order for students to understand in which cases writing does not proceed separately, and in which cases it is written together, it is imperative to explain this topic with the help of tables, games and developmental tasks. Award examples for assignments will be best remembered by children and will be easy to use in writing.
There are rules that you need to remember and learn in order to know when not to write together. These are cases of writing that are not written together:
In these cases, the spelling is not always separate, regardless of which part of speech the word belongs to. Merged writing does not indicate that an object or attribute has an opposite quality, action or attribute.
Students must learn to write the particle no separately, as this is of great importance for correct and competent written speech.
The particle “NOT” is written separately:
Separate writing with different parts of speech most often indicates the denial of a sign of an object or action.
Offers you tasks and tests to test your knowledge of how writing will be - separate or continuous in written speech. We will give you examples of different parts of speech, and you will have to decide by ear or in writing which spelling is not, continuous or separate. Try to take the tests listed below, performing different tasks, in order to master separate writing not with different frequencies of speech.
An exercise in attentiveness, as well as the ability to distinguish between participles and adjectives. Let someone dictate the following words to you out loud, and you just write down the numbers of adjectives that are not used:
By ear, try to understand whether it is part of the root of a noun or whether it is a prefix without which the word cannot be used:
Indicate how it is written not with a verb, gerund, participle.
If a verb cannot be used without NOT, it is written together with NOT.
For example: to hate, to be unwell, to be indignant.
In other cases, NOT with verbs is always written separately.
It is necessary to distinguish between verbs with the compound prefix “nedo” and verbs with the prefix “do” plus the negative particle NOT. The prefix “under” has the meaning of insufficiency of something, incompleteness, and is written together with the verb. A verb with the prefix “to” and the negative particle “NOT” denotes an action that is interrupted, not completed, impracticable, interrupted.
For example: He lacks love (lacking love). He does not reach the door handle (impossible action).
Subject to the same rule as spelling NOT with verbs.
For example: indignant, not looking.
In pronouns, NOT is written under stress and together, except in cases where NOT and the pronoun are separated by a preposition.
NOT with pronouns and adverbs is always written together: there is no place, there is no need, there is no place.
Remember: none other than; nothing more than; like no one else; like nothing else.
NOT with numerals is always written separately.
| Together | Apart |
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Note. You should be careful when writing NOT with words that contain the word “absolutely.” If it means “completely, very”, it is NOT written together. If it means “not at all” - separately.
For example:
A very unexciting journey (= a very unexciting journey).
Not a random word at all (not a random word at all). The spelling of short adjectives that have a full form follows the rules of spelling full adjectives.
A 17
In which sentence is NOT written together/separately with the word?
Integrated and separate spelling NOT with different parts of speech
Continuous / separate spelling of N e and Ni is one of the most difficult rules of the Russian language. Everything that many people remember from elementary school: NOT with verbs is written separately. But this rule is not absolute: hate, be perplexed– there is a group of verbs that are written with NOT together.
Initially the particle did NOT have only a negative value ( I didn't come). Accordingly, it was and is written with words separately. Over time, it acquired a new meaning: a statement of quality opposite to that indicated by the root. And turned into a console ( middle-aged - old). Prefixes are written together with words.
When choosing the spelling of the particle NOT and the prefix NOT-, consider the following:
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seamlessly |
apart |
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Words without NOT not used |
Not lzya |
With the words of all CR in the presence of opposition (is or is implied) |
Not Truth, A lie |
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With nouns, adjectives, adverbs (starting with -O), if can be replaced with a synonym |
Not bad - good Not true False Not bad - good |
With words of different CRs as predicates |
Job Not The wolf will not run into the forest. |
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With indefinite and negative pronouns without preposition |
Not what Not How many |
With verb, gerund, short participle, numeral, preposition, conjunction excl . : Not looking at, Not looking at |
Not enough Not within the power Not That hardly Not |
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With adjectives, participles and adverbs in the presence of explanatory words meaning “very”: absolutely Very extremely extremely at all |
Very Not legible extremely Not careful |
With full participle in the presence of dependent words |
Not read by me book |
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With short adjectives as predicates: |
She was something Not happy |
With words of different CR in the presence of explanatory words with an intensifying particle NI |
neither to whom Not a familiar person |
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With negative adverbs: in the absence of opposition on one basis in the absence of opposition on various grounds if there are explanatory words “very” (see above) if not in the list (see right column) |
Not willingly and Not the sun looks boldly on the fields |
With adjectives, participles and adverbs with negation-intensifying pronouns, adverbs |
not at allNot funny at allNot ... moreNot ... |
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With the following adverbs (always): Not lzya Not Although Not for a long time Not Maybe Not for nothing Not in the distance |
with the following short IP: Not glad Not audible Not visible Not needed Not must Not scary Not capable Not agree Not married Not similar Not ready Not guilty Not glad Not inclined Not much Not domineering |
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As part of the prefix NEDO- |
under get under eat (meaning “eat less than required”) |
With predicative (as a predicate of an impersonal sentence) adverbs: Not audible Not it is seen Not need to Not necessary Not given Not ashamed Not it's a pity Not Married Not against Not away Not scary... |
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With adverbs (always): Not Very Not So Not only |
With negative pronouns with preposition |
Not who |
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With all hyphenated words |
Not in Russian |
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Analysis of tasks
In which sentence is N e written separately with the word?
Sample reasoning : (Not ) and investigated(by whom?) geologists - participle with a dependent word; Therefore, we do not write separately. (Not) yearning - the word without N is not used. (not) wide, (not) similar- there is no reason to write Not separately.
Correct answer:1 .
In which sentence is N e written separately with the word?
Sample reasoning : (Not )t traditional, (un)fun- complete individual entrepreneurs, without opposition - written together. (Not) although- adverb, not used without N e. (Not) picking up- gerund, written with N separately.
Correct answer:4 .
Integrated or separate spelling NOT with nouns.
Integrated or separate spelling NOT with adjectives.
It is written together:
Rules | Examples |
If a word is not used without NOT | insatiable, clumsy, insatiable, absurd |
If there is no opposition and you can choose a synonym without NOT | A small river, i.e. small Uninteresting concert, i.e. boring A low house, i.e. short |
If there is a meaning of adhesion rather than opposition | The river is not wide, but (= and) deep. The novel is short, but (= and) interesting |
If the adjective is used with adverbs of measure and degree: absolutely, completely, extremely, very, extremely, almost | An absolutely uninteresting concert. Completely unimportant document |
Presence of a dependent word does not affect on spelling NOT with adjectives |
Written separately:
Rules | Examples |
If there is or is implied opposition | The river is not deep, but shallow. The concert is not interesting, but boring. The house is not high, but low |
If the negation is strengthened by negative pronouns or particles | A student who is NOT like anyone else |
With comparative degree of adjectives | No worse and no better than others. No more and no less |
Remember: | Not happy, shouldn’t, not capable, not obliged, not ready, not needed, does not agree, does not intend, is not right, not like, not much |
The same rules apply in both cases when writing NOT with short adjectives:
the river is not deep, the river is not at all deep, the river is not at all deep, the river is absolutely shallow, the river is not deep but shallow, etc.
Combined or separate spelling of the particle NOT with verbs.
The particle NOT with verbs is written separately.
For example: if you don’t teach, don’t speak, won’t be silent, wouldn’t play.
Exception: the particle NOT is written together with verbs that are not used without NOT.
For example: to dislike, to be unwell, to hate, to be indignant, to be perplexed, to be in bondage.
In verbs, one should distinguish between the prefix NEDO- and the particle with the prefix NOT DO-.
UNDO is used in the meaning of “little”, NOT DO – in the meaning of “not completing the action.”
REMEMBER!
1) Verb “to lack”(meaning “to be absent in the required quantity”) is written with NOT together, because UNDO- is a prefix. Also UNDER- is written together in the stable expression “This was still lacking!”
For example:
This family was constantly short of money.
The landscape lacked color.
The boy did NOT reach the shelf. (NOT written separately, because the action may be completed).
2) There are verbs with the prefix DO- that are not used without the particle NOT:
dislike, underestimate, misunderstand, mishear.
Combined or separate spelling of the particle NOT with participles and verbal adjectives.
It is written together:
Written separately:
If, in addition to the adverbs of measure and degree, there are other explanatory (dependent) words in the participle, then preference is given to the more general rule and is NOT written separately.
For example:
The manuscript is completely unprepared for typesetting.
Writing NOT with gerunds.
NOT with gerunds is usually written separately.
For example :
without reading, without deciding.
NOT with gerunds is written together if the gerund is formed:
1) from verbs that are not used without NOT;
2) from verbs with the prefix NEDO-.
For example :
Perplexed, indignant.
Not looking, not getting enough sleep.
