7.1. Manual locksmith tool and devices for everyday use must be assigned to workers for individual or team use.
7.2. Hand tools located in the tool room must be inspected at least once every ten days, as well as immediately before use. The faulty instrument must be removed.
7.3. Bench hammers must be made in accordance with GOST 2310 from steel grades 50, 40X or U7. The working ends of the hammers must have a hardness of 50.5-57 HRC at 1/5 of the length at both ends.
The heads of hammers and sledgehammers must have a smooth surface, without chips and gouges, cracks and burrs.
7.4. The handles of hammers, sledgehammers and other impact tools must be made of dry hardwood or synthetic materials that ensure the strength and reliability of the attachment when performing work.
7.5. The handles (handles) of shovels must be smooth and firmly fixed in the holders.
7.6. The use of files, scrapers, screwdrivers without handles and bandage rings on them or with poorly secured handles is not allowed.
7.7. The crowbars and mountings used during work must be smooth, without burrs, cracks or hardening.
7.8. Chisels, cross-cutters, punches, bits must be made in accordance with GOST 7211, GOST 7212, GOST 7213, GOST 7214 from steel grades U7, U7A, U8 or U8A. Chisels, crosscuts and bits should not have cracks, caps, hairs, knocked down or beveled ends. The cutting edge of chisels and crossbars is hardened to 0.3-0.5 total length and is tempered to a hardness of 53-58 HRC. The working part of the cutting beards, cores, etc. hardened to a length of 15-25 mm to a hardness of 46.5-53 HRC. The back of the instruments must be smooth, without cracks, burrs or hardening. The hardness for a length of 15-25 mm should be in the range of 33.5-41.5 HRC. There should be no damage to the working end.
Working with a chisel, cross-cutting tool and other similar tools should be done with glasses.
The work area must be fenced.
7.9. Hand scissors for cutting metal must comply with GOST 7210.
Manual lever shears must be securely mounted on special racks, workbenches and equipped with clamps on the upper movable knife, a shock absorber to soften the impact of the knife holder and a counterweight that holds the upper movable knife in a safe position.
7.10. The shape and dimensions of the wrenches must comply with the requirements of GOST 6424, GOST 2838 and GOST 2839.
Single-sided wrenches must comply with the requirements of GOST 2841.
Keys are made of steel not lower than grade 40X, and shortened ones - not lower than grade 40. The hardness of the working surfaces of the keys should be: with jaw sizes up to 36 mm - 41.5-46.5 HRC, more than 41 mm - within 39.5- 46.5 HRC.
The jaws of the keys must be strictly parallel and not rolled up. The dimensions of the wrench mouth must correspond to the dimensions of the nuts and bolt heads. The dimensions of the wrench mouth should not exceed the dimensions of the nuts and bolts by more than 5%.
Unscrewing nuts and bolts with wrenches is not allowed. large sizes using metal spacers, as well as extending keys using pipes and other objects (use wrenches with extended handles).
7.11. Handles of pliers and hand scissors should be smooth, without dents, nicks or burrs. WITH inside there must be a stop to prevent pinching of the fingers.
7.12. The vice must be manufactured in accordance with GOST 4045, firmly attached to the workbench so that its jaws are at the level of the worker’s elbow. If necessary, wooden ladders should be installed along the entire length working area. The distance between the axes of the vice must be at least 1 m.
The jaws of the vice must be parallel, have a notch and provide reliable clamping of the workpiece.
7.13. The condition of the jacks used in operation (screw, rack, hydraulic) must comply with the requirements of the factory instructions. It is prohibited to load jacks in excess of their rated load capacity. Each jack must indicate: inventory number, load capacity and belonging to the workshop (area).
7.14. Hand power tool must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.013.0.
7.15. Hand-held power tools and portable lamps must be connected to a voltage of no more than 42 V. If it is impossible to connect the tool to a voltage of up to 42 V, it is allowed to use a power tool with a voltage of up to 220 V inclusive, if there are protective shutdown devices or external grounding of the body of the power tool with mandatory use protective equipment(mats, dielectric gloves, etc.)
An electrified tool switched on for voltages above 42 V must be issued complete with personal protective equipment. Connection to the electrical network must be made using plug connections with a grounding contact.
7.16. To protect against breakage or abrasion of the sheaths, cables and electrical wires must be inserted into power tools and portable lamps through an elastic tube fixed in the body part and protruding outward to a length of at least five diameters.
7.17. Removal of parts intended to protect against contact with moving and live parts must be impossible without the use of a tool, if the standards or technical conditions on this type equipment there are no other instructions.
7.18. Portable lamps must have a protective mesh attached to the handle and a hook for hanging. Live parts of the lamp socket and base must be inaccessible to touch.
7.19. Working parts of hand tools (circular electric saws, electric shapers, electric grinding machines etc.) must have protective covers.
7.20. When the supply stops electric current or during a break in operation, the power tool must be disconnected from the power supply.
7.21. If a malfunction is detected with the power tool, work with it must be stopped.
7.22. Disassembly and repair of power tools, plug connections, and wires are permitted only to electrical personnel. The power tool must not be transferred to another person.
7.23. Pneumatic tools (drilling machines, vibration chisels, impact wrenches, etc.) must comply with GOST 12.2.010 and be equipped with vibration-damping devices. Starting devices must be easily and quickly activated and in closed position do not allow air to pass through.
7.24. Hand-held pneumatic tools must be equipped with air exhaust silencers; in addition, exhaust compressed air should not fall on the employee and contaminate his breathing zone.
7.25. Pneumatic hammers must be equipped with devices that prevent the striker from flying out.
7.26. Before connecting the hose to the air tool, it must be purged. In this case, it should be directed in a direction where there are no people.
The hose must be connected to the pneumatic tool using a fitting with good edges and threads, nipples and clamps. The hose sections should be connected to each other using a metal tube, squeezing it over the hose with clamps. Fastening the hose with wire is prohibited.
Hoses to compressed air pipelines must be connected through valves. It is not allowed to connect hoses directly to the air line. When disconnecting the hose from the tool, you must first close the valve on the air line.
7.27. To check a pneumatic tool before work, you should turn it on for a short time at idle before installing a replacement tool.
7.28. A pneumatic tool can be put into operation only when the replacement tool (drill, chisel) is tightly pressed to the workpiece.
7.29. Care and handling of pneumatic tools must comply with the instructions and operating rules developed by the manufacturer for each type of pneumatic tool.
Repairing pneumatic tools at the workplace is not permitted. Repair of pneumatic tools must be carried out centrally and in accordance with the technical instructions of the manufacturer.
After repair, a vibration level check must be carried out hand tools with subsequent entry in the passport.
7.30. Electrical and pneumatic tool should only be issued to persons who have been instructed and knowledgeable about the rules handling him.
7.31. It is not allowed to work with faulty or worn tools.
7.32. It is not allowed to install on manual grinding machines circles intended for cutting material.
7.32. When working with hand-held electric and pneumatic tools weighing more than 10 kg, it is necessary to use balance pendants or other devices.
Classes portable power tool
Portable and mobile electrical receivers
Classification of premises by danger
Dielectric carpets and insulating supports
Special dielectric footwear
Dielectric gloves
1. Before use, inspect (damage, moisture, contamination), check for punctures by twisting
2. It is not allowed to tuck the edges. It is allowed to wear canvas gloves or mittens on top
3. Periodically wash with soda or soap solution and then dry
1. Galoshes - up to 1 kV, boots - at all voltages
2. The color should be different from other rubber shoes
3. Before use, inspect for defects (detachment of parts or lining, foreign solid inclusions)
1. carpets with a thickness of 6±1 mm
width 500-8000 mm; length 500-1200 mm
2. flooring at least 500x500 (the gap between the planks is 10-30 mm)
3. not tested, examined at least once every 6 months before use
With increased danger
Particularly dangerous premises
Premises without increased danger- there are no high-risk conditions
Damp rooms- relative humidity above 75%
Particularly damp rooms-relative humidity is close to 100%
Hot rooms- temperature constantly or periodically (more than a day) exceeds 35°C
Dusty rooms- due to production conditions, process dust is released.
Room with a chemically active or organic environment- aggressive vapors, gases, liquids are constantly or for a long time contained, deposits and mold are formed.
Mobile power receiver- an electrical receiver, the design of which allows it to be moved to its intended use using vehicles or rolled manually, and connected to a power source using a flexible cable.
0 - electrical receivers that have working insulation, do not have elements for grounding and are not classified as class II or III
I- electrical receivers with working insulation and an element for grounding. The wire for connection to the power source must have a grounding conductor and a plug with a grounding contact. The designation of the grounding contact is PE or white-green stripes or the word “earth” in a circle
II- having double or reinforced insulation and not having elements for grounding. Designation - double square
III- electrical receivers for operation at safe extra-low voltage, having neither external nor internal electrical circuits, operating at a different voltage. Designation - rhombus with III
Ultra-low (low) voltage- not exceeding 50 V AC or 120 V DC voltage.
When working with class I, the following are used: gloves, boots, galoshes, mats
When connecting a class I instrument through an RCD, electrical protective equipment does not need to be used.
Personnel with electrical safety group 2 must be allowed to work with portable tools and hand-held electric machines of class I in areas with increased danger.
Before starting work with hand-held electrical machines, portable tools and lamps, you should:
1. determine the class of the machine or tool from the passport
2. check the completeness and reliability of fastening parts
3. make sure by external inspection that the cable, its protective tube and plug are in good condition
4. check the correct operation of the switch
5. perform (if extremely important) RCD testing
6. check the operation of the tool at idle speed
7. It is not allowed to use hand-held electric machines, portable tools and luminaires that are defective or have not undergone periodic inspection or testing.
8. For class I machines, check the serviceability of the grounding circuit
Workers using electric tools and hand-held electric machines are not allowed to:
1. transfer machines and tools, even to a short time, other employees
2. disassemble
3. make repairs
4. hold on to the wire
5. Touch rotating parts or remove shavings/sawdust until they come to a complete stop.
6. install the working part into the tool chuck and remove it from the chuck, adjust the tool without disconnecting it from the network
7. work with ladders, for work at height, portable scaffolding and scaffolding must be installed
When moving a power tool from one workplace to another or taking a break from work, the tool must be disconnected from the mains with a plug. The tool should be carried by holding it only by the handle.
If a power tool or hand tool stops suddenly electric cars must be disconnected from the network.
1. Damage to the plug connection, cable or its protective tube
2. damage to the brush holder cover
3. Fuzzy operation of the switch
4. sparking of the brushes on the commutator, accompanied by the appearance of a circular fire on the surface
5. leakage of lubricant from the gearbox
6. appearance of smoke or the smell of burning insulation
7. increased noise, knocking or vibration
To maintain good condition and conduct periodic checks of portable and mobile electrical receivers, a responsible employee with Group 3 electrical safety must be appointed by order of the consumer's manager. The employee must keep a log of registration, inventory records, periodic inspection and repair of portable mobile electrical receivers.
Frequency of checking portable and mobile electrical receivers, auxiliary equipment to them - at least once every 6 months. The results of the inspection are reflected in the registration and inventory logbook, periodic inspection and repair of portable mobile electrical receivers.
Periodic inspection includes:
1. external inspection
2. Check idling for at least 5 minutes
3. Insulation resistance measurement
4. checking the serviceability of the grounding circuit
Repair of portable electrical receivers must be carried out by a specialized organization; after repair, the electrical receivers must be tested (increased voltage of industrial frequency: for an instrument with a power of up to 1 kW - 900 V, more than 1 kW - 1350 V for 1 min)
Typical faults power tools - concept and types. Classification and features of the category “Characteristic malfunctions of power tools” 2017, 2018.
Looking into any tool store, you can be amazed not only by their cost, but also by their wide range - from dubious low prices, to incredibly expensive. It should be noted that a low cost does not always indicate a low quality product, and the high price of a device will not provide a guarantee long work tool.
The most common cause of power tool failure is " human factor", or rather, in the illiterate use of the tool. Moreover, any service center employee will say that every second case of contacting service center may be considered a non-warranty case. And the surprising thing is that clients often use the device for its intended purpose, and the problem of breakdown is their lack of skill in working with the tool.
Examples of the most common breakdowns and their causes
There are a huge number of such examples and can be considered either a warranty or non-warranty case, depending on various subjective reasons. However, in practice it has been shown that in most cases it is not the manufacturer, but the user who is to blame for device failure, which is confirmed independent examination.
We extend the service life of the device.
