Optical cables are the most attractive means of transmitting large amounts of information. However, do not forget that pulling fiber to one computer is a practice that is almost never used.
Details on connecting optical cables can be found at http://www.optcable.ru/kabel-no-provodnikovaya-produkciya/opticheskij-kabel/. This publication will present general techniques.
Needless to say, an optical wire is nothing more than a strand made of transparent plastic or glass. Naturally, it is not possible to connect such a wire with a twist.
For soldering the optical conductor, specialized equipment is used. There is no point in renting it (only if, in principle, there are no specialists in the district who can install optical fiber).
It is extremely important to ensure quality training conductors to solder. It is performed as follows:
However, an optical cable cannot be connected to a computer directly. Yes, and it is not required at all.
Today, experts use Ethernet converters.
In many ways, the complexity of connecting an optical fiber is due precisely to the choice of a suitable converter. Further, the already familiar twisted pair cable comes out of the indicated equipment, which is connected to the computer via Ethernet.
The fact is that the volume of information is increasing exponentially. The exponent of the need to transfer increasing amounts of information is forcing specialized organizations to use reliable data transmission channels.
It is not possible to electrically transmit such data arrays.
In addition, transmission would be affected in this way by electromagnetic interference. Percentage of lost information in case of broadcasting it on long distances is unacceptable.
Among the disadvantages of optical fiber, there is the impossibility of folding it under acute angle because of the risk of breaking.
See also:
The video will demonstrate optical and digital cables:
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A digital optical audio cable is required when transferring a compressed digital audio signal from a computer (CD player) to a speaker system or receiver. If necessary, you can connect it yourself.
This cable does not need to use electricity when transmitting a digital signal, does not form interference, and almost does not distort the sound on the computer. Install all drivers, application software that comes with the sound or motherboard, in strict accordance with the instructions. These steps will allow the computer and the external audio signal receiver to correctly identify the optical connection for the duration of the connection.
This procedure is not required for consumer audio devices specifically designed to operate with an optical cable. These include a digital home theater equipped with built-in electronic circuitry that can independently determine the signal connection period using an optical audio cable.
Next, you should connect one of the ends of the audio cable to the source port on the external sound card (computer) using the S/PDIF connector. This is a rectangular port that is compatible with an audio cable connector that is protected against misconnection.
The other end of the cable connects to the digital audio receiver port. Most often, on consumer audio devices, they have the designations TOSLINK, Optical Digital, S / PDIF. Other audio cables and connecting devices should be disconnected as the audio system may continue to use them by default. You can use the input switch on the amplifier.
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Connecting speakers to a TV is quite simple. A few years ago, we could hear high-quality and surround sound in cinemas or at concerts. Music centers and powerful tape recorders were used privately. They were certainly loud, but the sound came from two speakers. Currently, you can enjoy excellent sound and picture with the help of home theaters equipped with various sound systems, which, in turn, need to be connected and configured correctly and with understanding.
In order to connect all the speakers to your home theater, you do not need to be a pro in this matter. Just follow this guide. A properly connected sound system will delight you with surround and high-quality sound.
To connect you will need:
Regardless of what system you have, the first item in the connection will be the sound. Standard set various systems sound, is the presence of several speakers (front, rear, center) and a subwoofer. The methods of fastening the wires in the contacts are different, but the scheme for connecting them is the same for everyone.
The front speakers, since they are the main sources of sound, are usually placed near, or near the TV itself, and they are directed with their back to the wall. The sockets on the receiver for connecting front speakers are marked (Front).
Connecting speakers to a TV can be done using the instructions
The cable for these speakers, at the ends is divided into two multi-colored wires (usually black and red), where red is positive and black is negative. They are connected either to clamping or threaded contact connections.
If after connecting there is no sound in the speakers, then the positive and negative contacts are reversed.
The center speaker (if any) is also responsible for the main sound. It is located directly at the TV. The height of the location depends on your taste. It is connected to the home theater in the same way as the front one and is indicated on the receiver case (Center).
Then the rear speakers are connected in the same way. They are placed opposite the front ones, which achieves a unique surround sound. Designated (Surround). And then a subwoofer is connected, which saturates the sound with low frequencies. Labeled (Subwoofer).
The work of a home theater is that the processed signal from the source is fed through the receiver to the speakers and to the TV screen. To transmit images through a home theater, there are several connection methods.
Connection types:
To display a picture on a TV screen High Quality, use the method using an HDMI cable, which is usually included with cables for connecting a home theater. It is simply not possible to confuse the correct connection, which makes the task easier. The cable plugs resemble charging plugs (USB), only a little bigger size. To connect on the receiver, find the inscription (HDMI OUT), and on the TV (HDMI IN).
Connecting a home theater to a TV
A feature of the HDMI cable is that it is able to transmit not only the picture, but also the sound.
It may be that your TV is missing a connector or is already occupied by another cable. In this case, you can use an RGB cable. Unlike the previous one, this cable is capable of transmitting only an image. This cable consists of three wires connected together with lugs in three colors (red, green, blue). It is connected to the connectors marked (Component Video Out) and (Component In), according to the colors of the connectors.
Also, it is possible to connect using a composite cable. Connection is made through composite connectors marked (Composite Video Out) and (Composite In). Unlike other connection methods, this one displays a picture of not very high quality.
Nowadays, more and more people use TV as "furniture". With the development of Internet technologies, it became possible to listen to music and watch movies on a computer. And to enjoy high quality picture and sound, you can connect your computer to a home theater.
Connection methods:
An HDMI cable is required to provide surround sound from a laptop to a home theater system. It allows you to transmit both picture and sound. To do this, you need to connect the cable connector to the GDMI output on the laptop, and the second directly to the cinema (receiver). After that, the sound and picture should be played through the cinema.
If this does not happen, you should set up the playback device on the computer itself. To do this, go to the control panel, select the Sound tab. Next, the playback tab opens. Select an HDMI-enabled device, right-click on it and select "Set as default device". Then click on "setup" and select the appropriate system for playback (5.1 or 7.1). The setup is complete and the sound should disappear from the laptop speakers.
If the connection is made through a video card of a computer with a DVI - HDMI adapter, then the sound to the receiver will need to be applied manually. To do this, use the SPDIF cable to connect the motherboard or sound adapter with the video card.
You can connect your home theater to your computer using a cable
It is important to know! The integrity of the cable directly depends on the correct connection. Cords must be connected according to the marking.
If the laptop does not have an HDMI connector, you can use simple solution as an external sound card. To connect it does not require special skills and knowledge, as well as for some types of special installation programs. In these devices, it is possible to connect not only receivers, but also microphones with headphones.
You can also use your phone to control the system.
Modern technologies, allow the use of optical cables not only for industry, quite often they are used for high-speed and high-quality transmission of various kinds of signals. They have also found application for connecting TVs and home theaters.
The optical cable is intended:
With the help of optical cables, 5.1 sound systems, as well as the Internet, can be connected to the TV. An important condition when connecting different systems, is correct selection cable, which will allow reliable connection and long term work.
Optical cable must be chosen wisely
To connect audio systems, the TOSLINK cable is common because it supports many formats. But to transfer video to TV screens, cables with markings (EIAJ / JEITA RC-5720) are used. TOSLINK cables are used by famous companies manufacturers like LG (lji), Samsung (Samsung) and Genius.
But they have some drawbacks. These cables may transmit noise, cause image judder, or interrupt communications. These models have high resistance.
It is important to know! To transmit the highest quality image and sound, it is recommended to use cables with a length not exceeding 4 meters.
But the main difference from other types, fiber optic cables have a very high throughput. And if you use them correctly, you will achieve great results.
As you can see, connecting various audio systems and home theaters, as well as their individual parts, does not require specialized knowledge and skills. You can easily handle this on your own. And do not forget that when buying a home theater, detailed instructions are always attached.
6watt.ru
A digital optical audio cable is used to carry compressed digital audio from a source (computer or CD player) to a receiver or speaker system. An optical audio cable is good for short distances where there is a high risk of radio frequency interference (interference). Such a cable does not use electricity to transmit a digital signal from the source to the receiver, therefore it is not a source of interference in itself, it gives less sound distortion on the computer and also allows you to galvanically isolate electronic devices.
Typically, an audio cable using optical fiber uses the S/PDIF audio transmission interface format, which in its full name stands for Sony/Phillips Digital Interconnect Format. There is another version of this interface based on a coaxial cable. It is worth noting here that the optical interface is very convenient for transmitting multi-channel sound over a single speaker cable, which is impossible with others. classic views connections. This is facilitated by the use of multimode optical fiber.
Instruction
1. Install all drivers and application software that came with your sound or motherboard according to the manufacturer's instructions. This will allow the computer and the external audio receiver to correctly identify the optical connection at the time of connection. This step would not have to be performed on consumer audio devices specifically designed to work via optical cable. For example, a digital home theater has a built-in electronic circuit that independently determines when a signal is connected via an optical audio cable.
2. Connect one end of the fiber optic audio cable to the source port (on your computer or external sound card) using the S/PDIF connector. This connector is a rectangular port that is compatible with the audio cable connector and has protection against misconnection.
3. Connect the other end of the optical cable to a port on a digital audio receiver such as a receiver. This port is commonly referred to as "S/PDIF", "Optical Digital", or "TOSLINK" on consumer audio devices.
4. Disconnect all other audio cables connecting devices (coaxial cables), as the audio system may continue to use them by default. Or use the input selector on your amplifier. We advise you to read an interesting article on how to enable sound in safe mode.
One of final stages FOCL installation is the wiring and connection of an incoming fiber optic cable directly at the destination point: in a server room, data center, etc. To do this, the cable is inserted into the optical cross and the fibers are connected to the connectors. At this stage, such a group as optical components is used - these are pigtails, and all kinds of clamps. They are also grouped under the name passive fiber optic equipment.
pigtail- this is a piece of optical cable, terminated with a connector on one side only.
Patch cord has connectors at both ends, the types of connectors may differ (adaptive patch cord) or be the same (connecting).
Optical adapter- this is, in fact, an outlet into which a pigtail or patch cord is connected.
What is important to consider?
It may seem that there is nothing complicated at the stage of connecting the connector to the optical adapter. How to plug a plug into an outlet. However, no.
Let's look at least from the point of view of technology. What is a kit - patchcord/pigtail + adapter? This is the joining of two optical fibers, the thickness of which is approximately equal to the thickness of a human hair. In this case, a shift in the connection even by 1 micron causes a loss of power.
That is, a cross connection should provide:
- perfect fit cores (optical fibers);
- protecting this perfect contact from external influences- shifts, emergence air gap and so on.;
- mechanical protection of the fibers with repeated connection-disconnection;
- mechanical protection of the cable in the connector when bending, pulling out, etc.
In particular, this is why so many types of optical connectors have been created. Each manufacturer strived to create the perfect connector for their equipment.
But that's not all the difficulty.
To ensure an accurate connection, the lugs of the optical connectors must not have cracks(if the crack crosses the fiber, such a connector is replaced), should not be dusty and dirty. Even if you just touched it with your finger, the trace must be carefully wiped with an alcohol wipe. Every speck of dust, pollution, etc. - this is attenuation, attenuation of the signal, back reflections.
Therefore, optical connectors are regularly wiped with alcohol, and sockets are purged compressed air or cleaned with special sticks.
In the figure on the right - the tip of the connector after touching the finger and after cleaning.
The mechanical strength of the connections is provided in each type of connectors in different ways, but basically it is:
- extra strong material connector tip - ceramics, cermets;
- protective plastic and metal caps over the connectors;
- latches and latches positions both in optical adapters and in "plugs";
- Kevlar and other reinforcing threads under the sheath of the cable segment leading to the connector.
Types of optical patch cords, pigtails, adapters
The classification of optical pigtails, patch cords and adapters is generally the same and is based on the following parameters:
- connector (socket) standard;
- type of grinding;
- fiber type - multimode or single-mode;
- connector type - single go duplex.
As a result of various combinations of all these types, a huge variety of modifications of connectors and adapters is obtained. This picture is far from everything:
Let's take typical marking of an optical patch cord. Eg, .
Duplex example:
Grinding or polishing fiber optic connectors is designed to ensure perfectly tight contact between the fiber cores. There should be no air between their surfaces, as this degrades the signal quality.
At the moment, such types of polishing are used as PC, SPC, UPC and APC.
PC- the progenitor of all other types of polishing. The connector processed by the PC method (including manually) is a rounded tip.
Please note that the figure shows that the connection of connectors with a flat end is fraught with the occurrence air gap. While the rounded ends are connected more tightly.
Can be used in short range networks with low data transfer rates.
SPC- an improved version of PC, but grinding is done only by machine.
UPC- an almost flat (but not completely flat) connector, which is produced using high-precision surface treatment. It gives excellent reflectivity (compared to PC and SPC), therefore it is actively used in high-speed optical networks.
Connectors with this type of connector are most often blue.
APC- a connector processed according to a completely different principle: the ends are beveled at an angle of 8 degrees. This surface polishing gives the most top scores. Back reflections of the signal almost immediately leave the fiber, and due to this, losses are reduced.
APC polished connectors are used in networks with high demands on signal quality: voice, video data transmission. As an example - cable TV.
Connectors with this type of connector are green.
Attention!
APC Ground Connectors unsuitable to connectors with different finishes (PC, SPC, UPC) and cause mutual damage.
PC, SPC, UPC polishes are mutually compatible.
Comparison of tip shape and echo path in UPC and APC polished connectors:
The dependence of line losses on the type of optical connector polishing is given in the table:
As you can see, UPC (rounded ends) and APC (beveled ends) polishing is the most effective. Therefore, patch cords and pigtails with this type of grinding are most often used.
Types of optical connectors
In practice, our fiber optic installers in the vast majority of cases work with types FC, LC, SC. For more rare species connectors, we will not stop yet.
FC
However, it is not well suited for tight connectors - it needs space to screw in / out.
SC
Cheaper and more convenient but less reliable analogue of FC. Easy to connect (snap), connectors can be placed tightly.
However, the plastic shell can break, and signal attenuation and back reflections are affected even by touching the connector.
In general, most commonly used, but not recommended on important highways.
LC
Reduced analogue of SC. Due to its small size, it is used for cross connections in offices, server rooms, etc. - indoors, where a high density of connectors is required.
The author of the development of this type of connector - the leading manufacturer of telecommunications equipment, Lucent Technologies (USA) - initially predicted the fate of the market leader for his offspring. Basically, that's the way it is. Especially considering that this type of connector refers to connections with increased mounting density.
More articles on the topic "Fiber networks":
The vast majority of cables for media centers, computers, audio and video equipment use electrical signals to communicate components. In this case, both analog and digital streams are transferred from device to device in the form of current pulses along the conductors. An exception in the class of hardware connectors is an audio optical cable for a TV.
Optical signaling was a science fiction topic only a few decades ago. Ability to use in practice incredible speed and the density of data that light is capable of was a cherished goal for communication pioneers. Back in the 1840s, physicists Daniel Colladon and Jacques Babinet demonstrated the ability of light to reflect in a stream of water, and in 1854 another physicist John Tyndall proved that the light flux can be bent along with the carrier using the example of water falling into a tank from an illuminated pipe .
In 1880, Alexander Bell patented an optical telephone system, calling it the photophone, but the telephone he had previously created proved to be more practical. The persistence of the inventor and his inspiration with the idea of sending signals through the air was not enough to popularize the device - the atmosphere did not transmit light as reliably as wires did electricity.
In the following decades, optical signals were used in some particular cases of communication, for example, when transmitting messages between ships. The photophone itself turned out to be an unclaimed invention until the discoveries of lasers and the breakthrough in fiber optic technology. The experimental model was donated by Bell to the Smithsonian Institution and has sat there on a shelf to this day.
The rapid development of fiber optic technologies occurred in the second half of the 20th century. The first communication systems used a laser as a source. But already in the 1980s, researchers developed a fiber-optic cable based on glass fiber, capable of transmitting a conventional light signal over long distances. Since that time technology has found practical use in telecommunication systems. Most modern standards for light transmission over fiber assume the following main stages of information transportation:
The most commonly used transmitters are semiconductor devices (light-emitting diodes), which operate optimally in the required modulation frequency range. The receiver is a photodetector in combination with an amplifier to recover a weakened or distorted signal. The fiber optic cable itself consists of the following components:
One of the features of light wires is the complexity of the connection at the cut site. Such procedures require special equipment and micron precision. Therefore, for domestic use only ready-made cables of multiple lengths are used.
The Toshiba-link interface standard, or TOSLINK, was introduced in 1983 by a well-known Japanese concern and was originally intended for use with proprietary CD players. The optical signals transmitted through this port had the same form as the electrical ones, with the only difference that TOSLINK used red light pulses for transmission. The laser was not used as a source, a simple and inexpensive LED worked instead. The claimed reliable transmission distance was limited to ten meters, but in practice it did not exceed five.
The appearance of Toshiba-link coincided with the beginning of the era of home theaters, which led to its presence on the audio and video components of home systems as an interface for transmitting digital data using light. Since TOSLINK used only fiber optic cable to transport the information flow, this switching compared to electrical has some undoubted advantages:
All these qualities are great importance for sound-reproducing equipment, the designers of which spend a lot of effort on combating interference and interference when switching blocks between themselves. For many music lovers, the appearance of such an interface has opened up new possibilities in building their own systems.
Over time, the presence of this type of optical connection has become almost standard on televisions, receivers, DVD players, amplifiers, computer sound cards, and even game consoles. The main purpose of TOSLINK in consumer equipment is to enable lossless processing of surround stereo and multi-channel audio in formats such as DTS or Dolby Digital.
There are many ways to connect TV sound through a home theater that provide a full-fledged result. The most popular method is switching via HDMI. In this way, both audio and video signals can be transmitted. This interface has supplanted optical fiber primarily because TOSLINK is capable of carrying only audio data and requires separate switching using component or composite cables for video signal transmission. This is not the only disadvantage of an optical connection.
In addition to the advantages of versatility, HDMI has a comparatively higher bandwidth. For TOSLINK, new forms of surround sound such as Dolby Thrue HD and DTS-HD are beyond distortion-free transmission.
Despite the fact that the standard is more than thirty years old, it is still a relevant interface. Optical cable is still attractive for switching up to 7.1 channels of high-resolution audio. For most consumer installations, there will be no noticeable difference when using HDMI or TOSLINK.
One of the most common reasons for the use of light connection is the presence of a large fleet of old high quality receivers with optical input on board. For lovers of good sound, replacing them with new ones does not make sense. In addition, the vast majority of HDTV sets, Blu-ray players and game consoles are still equipped with an optical port.
One of the causes of interference in television and radio equipment is poor-quality grounding or its absence. This can cause hum in your speakers or even damage your equipment. In such cases, annoying distortion can be completely eliminated by isolating the devices from each other using an optical cable instead of the usual HDMI.
Modern technology has allowed TOSLINK to reach the limit of its performance. It evolved thanks to the purity of the optical conductor, the transparency of the lenses, and the flexibility without signal loss.
Optimizing these three parameters resulted in no audible difference compared to coaxial, so despite the versatility of HDMI, the humble optical cable for TV and home theater has not lost its value.
First of all, you need to make sure that the devices you plan to connect are equipped with connectors designed to transmit optical signals. This is an easily recognizable trapezoidal plug port that is usually labeled OPTICAL AUDIO, TOSLINK, or Digital Audio Out (Optical). If the device is turned on, it immediately attracts attention with a faint red glow around the port plug.
For fiber, there is not as noticeable a difference in results by brand or design as with analog patch cables. In this sense, they are similar to other digital interfaces. In any case, when choosing an optical cable, you need to pay attention to the following:
In addition, a quality cable must be made from many small diameter fibers. Monowire products over 200 µm thick are more susceptible to reflected signal attenuation than multifiber assemblies.
It is very important to pay attention to the condition of the cable when buying and signs that it has been subjected to bending or excessive twisting during storage or transportation. Such damage unequivocally leads to distortion of the transmitted signal or a complete loss of performance.
First of all, you need to remember that optical audio cables are not ordinary metal conductors that forgive indelicate treatment of yourself. Fiber optic connectors should never be bent by force, and their sensitivity to impact should always be kept in mind. The very connection of TOSLINK to the TV is a simple procedure that does not require any tools or technical knowledge. Recommended sequence of actions:
It should be borne in mind that if used in a cinema Acustic systems or the amplifier is not of good quality, even the most expensive optical cable is not able to improve the sound. In such cases, you should not spend money on a fiber optic connection, but rather experiment with other switching methods.
Good cables can prove themselves only in a set with equipment of the appropriate class. Modern TOSLINK is capable of handling very challenging tasks. Manufacturing processes and the possibilities of processing materials in the 21st century have reached a level unattainable for a time when the ability to transmit audio data with a light flux in household appliances aroused admiration. High quality quartz, multi-fiber conductors, low core geometry aperture, high flexibility combined with low losses - these achievements allow even the most complex multi-channel audio tracks to be transmitted flawlessly.
If you are trying to figure out what fiber is, then you definitely hit the right place!
Many Internet users use fiber optic wire to connect to the Internet.
However, practically no one knows what an optical fiber is, what it is and how it transmits information?
optical fiber is the world's fastest way to transfer data over the Internet.
An optical cable has a special structure: it consists of small thin wires that are separated from each other by a special coating.
Each wire transmits light, and the light, in turn, transmits data over the network.
Let's take a closer look at how to connect the Internet and configure its work yourself.
First of all, make sure you have fiber optics connected to your home. Next, order the network connection service.
Also, the terminal is equipped with two additional jacks for connecting an analog home phone and a few more jacks are needed to connect television from Rostelecom.
After connecting all the components, you should check the Internet connections on your computer:
Optical cable, due to its high data transfer rate, has enabled providers to provide subscribers with data transfer rates of up to 100 Mb / s or more. When was born this direction, many customers did not have network adapters capable of supporting this data transfer rate. As a rule, providers install an optical router right in the apartment, or run an optical cable directly to the network card, sometimes a copper cable is used from the optical terminal, and naturally it becomes necessary to distribute WiFi throughout the apartment in order to connect tablets, phones, desktops to the Internet. Let's figure out what's in this case we do to distribute WiFi from fiber to all the apartment. Here, I would advise you to first check with your provider if the terminal that was installed in your apartment has the ability to distribute WiFi, many terminals already have a router, and you just need to configure it. But if this is not possible, or only an optical cable is connected to the apartment, what to do in this situation, how to choose a router with WiFi for fiber optics and can you do without it?
Let's look at the main questions you may face:
We will also briefly go over the main models on the Russian market.
In order to connect an optical cable to a router, it is necessary that the router has the appropriate port. Therefore, you immediately need to check with your provider which connection is used and what format your port is. you may encounter a problem, and the router you buy will not fit the type of connection with the provider. The connection itself, of course, is not big problems. The WiFi router connects to the GPON terminal if it is installed in your apartment, but if there is only an optical cable, then we directly insert it into our router. I want to say a few words about the connection, since the connection is usually established from our computer, and the terminal or router of the provider that provides Internet access works in bridge mode (Brige). When you figure out what type of connection you have, you can proceed to the next step.
Already, most modern routers are able to provide WiFi speeds up to 300 Mb / s. When choosing a router, you need to look at its following characteristics:
The WiFi standard - IEEE 802.11b/g/n provides speeds up to 300 Mb/s. A router with a speed of up to 150 Mb / s is also suitable. Most routers can have multiple WAN ports, allowing them to connect to both copper cable as well as fiber optics. Let me give examples of such routers, I want to note that I do not give recommendations on their purchase, I just took the first ones I got from the Internet:
DIR-615/FB
Main characteristics:
Main characteristics:
Price around 9 tr.
EchoLife HG-8240
Nothing different from the previous one. Price: 6-8 tr. Ali saw for 3.5 tr.
RT-N66U
The feature can issue WiFi connection speed up to 900 Mbps. The price is about 6 to 8 tr. But this router is not suitable for connecting an optical cable directly, and can only be used as a gateway, this router does not have a port for connecting PON optics.
We will not go into details further, I think the main features are clear here. Let's figure out what to do if you have optics installed in your apartment, but you cannot purchase a router, what are the ways to solve the problem?
This means the situation that you have had optics, connected to one and a computer, and that's it. The cable is thrown, there is no WiFi, the question arises of what to do if there is no money for a regular router. This is where smart programs come to the rescue, the fact is that a modern WiFi adapter, which is built into a laptop, tablet, phone or desktop computer, has the ability not only to receive incoming traffic from the Internet, but also to distribute it synchronously.
To distribute WiFi from a computer or laptop to which optics is connected, simply download the MyPublicWiFi program (May Public Wi-Fi). This program helps you simply and without problems, create a wireless access point from your computer, a couple of mouse clicks, and your computer turns into a router, and you can easily connect to the Internet from your mobile devices. How to configure this program I described in this article:
Many may find that they have a desktop computer without WiFi, but don't be discouraged, there is also a simple and cheap solution for this problem for you. All you need to do is buy a wireless WiFi adapter, this board with an antenna or a device that looks like a USB flash drive that is inserted into your computer, and you get the opportunity to connect, and distribute the Internet like a laptop, through this adapter.
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