Rules for arranging a paint booth (Occupational safety abroad)
According to the National Association fire safety USA (NFPA), most common cause fires during work on painting surfaces by spraying is caused by improper arrangement of the paint booth - incorrect separation of the chamber from other areas - when using welding machines, grinding machines, cutting machines and electrical equipment. In NFPA Standard 33, included in regulatory documentation The US Federal Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) describes requirements for the safe installation of paint booths. To avoid fires and respiratory tract injuries, these requirements must be strictly adhered to.
Location
OSHA and NFPA require that the spray booth be located at least 20 feet (6.1 m) away from any combustible materials and completely separated from other work areas. The spray booth must be constructed to certain standards, have a fire resistance rating of at least two hours, and must also be equipped with an individual fire sprinkler system,
Design
The structure of the spray booth should be made of cement, brick or steel. If the amount of work is relatively small, then you can use another non-flammable material, for example, aluminum. The design of the structure must be made in such a way that the chamber can be easily and safely removed, and the fumes must be directed towards the hood. More information can be found in OSHA Standards 1910.94(c) and 1910.107.
Electricity
All electrical and flammable materials within and at least 20 feet (6.1 m) from the chamber must comply with OSHA standards. Only recessed lamps that are covered by protective panels or portable lamps that comply with Class 1 hazardous location regulations are permitted in the spray booth and at least 20 feet (6.1 m) outside the booth. Open flames, heat sources, and spark-producing equipment must be at least 20 feet (6.1 m) from the spray booth or separated by a partition. Equipment and wiring inside the camera must also meet Class 1, Division 1 hazardous location codes. Wiring and electrical equipment located within 20 feet (6.1 m) of the camera must meet Class 1, Division 2 hazardous location codes. Finally , all metal parts of the camera must be properly grounded.
Ventilation
The spray booth must be equipped with a mechanized ventilation system designed to remove harmful fumes and airborne waste from the booth. The hood must be configured in such a way that the air does not circulate inside the chamber, but is pulled in the direction opposite to where the air enters. All ventilation system components—independent exhaust, fans, motors, belts, and exhaust ducts—must comply with OSHA Rule 1910.94(c)(5). If necessary, install additional ventilation to ensure painted surfaces dry properly; This will help prevent the build-up of explosive vapors.
Air flow and speed
OSHA Standard 1910.94(c)(6) calls required minimums air movement speed in painting booths, depending on specific type the work being done and the size of the chamber. Refer to Table G-10 of this standard when developing camera design. In addition, remember that OSHA Standard 1910.94(c)(6)(ii) and Table G-11 state that hazardous vapors must be reduced to 25% of the LEL. If the worker is located downwind of the object being painted, he must wear a gas mask. The door to the chamber must be closed while spraying paint.
Air in the chamber
The air in the chamber must be constantly renewed; the air must be clean and fresh. Any door through which clean comes in, Fresh air must be open during operation and air flow must not exceed 200 feet per minute (61 m/min). The air should not heat up from the inside. See OSHA Standard 1910.94(c)(7) for more information.
Paint booths are premises closed type, therefore their equipment must be special. The main meaning of these structures is to carry out work to create paint coatings cars. In addition, these chambers are often designed to perform drying work after painting. In this case, they are called paint-drying. It is very important that during procedures in such devices, all fire safety requirements are observed, and sanitation and hygiene standards are also taken into account. These requirements include many points, in accordance with government regulations. In order to briefly understand the basic norms, we will dwell on the most significant of them.
The composition and dilution of all types of paint and varnish products must be done in isolated places near external walls that have window openings, or at the sites open type. The supply of materials is carried out centrally, already in prepared form. Varnishes and paints should be placed in the workshop storeroom in quantities that do not exceed the needs of the shift. Dye containers must be sealed; Special places are reserved for it.
The premises themselves, intended for the dyeing processes and preparation of mixtures, must be equipped with their own supply and exhaust ventilation, as well as local suction systems to remove harmful vapors from all paint-containing devices, namely: baths for painting and dipping, pouring installations, posts where manual coloring is carried out, drying chambers, etc.
Painting is not permitted when ventilation is turned off.
In the event that the floor is accidentally spilled Consumables, they must be removed immediately using sawdust, water, etc. Washing floors with flammable substances, including solvents, is not permitted.
Painting booths are made only from non-flammable materials and are equipped with special systems of local suction, which must be interconnected with devices supplying compressed air or coloring material into spray devices. The paint injection tanks must be located outside the paint booths.
The painting process is carried out in electric field, which means that the corresponding devices must have the necessary interlocking for protection that will prevent the spraying devices from being turned on in cases where local air removal systems are not operating or the conveyor is stopped.
Premises and special areas in which work with flammable substances takes place, namely the preparation of mixtures and their application to objects, must be provided with ventilation to eliminate explosive vapors.
The air exchange rate is calculated according to the production design.
When using flammable substances, there should be a quantity at the workplace that does not exceed the needs of the shift. Containers with them should be opened only before use, and upon completion of work, closed and transferred to storage. Used containers must be stored in a specially equipped place located outdoors.
Work must begin in places that are furthest away from the exits of these premises, and in corridors - after the work is completed.
In general, it must be remembered that any chamber whose purpose is painting and drying must be well ventilated, and the equipment must be equipped with explosion protection. In addition, the units must have thermal insulation made from entirely natural mineral substances that have increased resistance to fire. A fire extinguishing system is also absolutely necessary. And finally, if a drying chamber is still present, then there must be a heat exchanger and a safety thermostat.
These are in general brief requirements to fire safety of painting booths.
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Object type: Industrial facility(plants, factories, enterprises)
To protect these premises, it is planned to use a system based on the Bolid S2000M remote control, which includes:
- S2000-M – Control panel for APS, SOUE, APT;
- S2000-KDL – Two-wire line controller for monitoring the status and collecting information from fire alarm loops;
- S2000-SP1 – Signal and triggering unit for generating an alert signal;
- S2000-BKI – Display unit for display current state systems;
- S2000-ASPT – PPKUAS fire extinguishing system and sirens for centralized fire protection in one powder fire extinguishing zone.
installed in the office space.
3.1.3. To detect fire in technical premises, analog addressable smoke detectors DIP-34A are used, and IPR 513-3AM are used as manual fire call points. The use of these types of detectors allows high accuracy localize the location of the fire.
3.1.4. To detect a fire in the fire extinguishing room, an automatic fire alarm. In the protected premises, smoke fire detectors IP 212-141 and thermal fire detectors IP 103-5 are used, and IPR-55 is used as manual fire call points. These types of detectors are widely used in practice, have passed state certification and have proven their reliability and ease of maintenance in practice in premises for various purposes.
3.2.1. In the warning and evacuation control system, PKI-1 “Ivolga” are used as sound sirens. SOUE sound alarms must provide general level sound, the sound level of constant noise together with all signals produced by the sirens is not less than 75 dBA at a distance of 3 m from the siren, but not more than 120 dBA at any point in the protected premises.
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