In the history presentation on the topic “Peter 1” you will find information about important stages in the life of the Russian Emperor, his role in reforming the state.
The beginning of the reign of Peter the Great dates back to the late 17th and early 18th centuries, a period when serfdom dominated in Russia and industry lagged behind Western countries in development. The state was economically weak and militarily vulnerable. There was a growing need for urgent socio-economic and political changes. In order to overcome the backwardness of the country, Peter the Great began to resolve the problems that had accumulated in the state.
The era of Peter the Great is associated with the transformation of Russia into an empire and its transformation into a powerful military state. The 18th century became a century of modernization in almost all spheres of public life. Changes affected the economy, politics, culture, and education. Peter also carried out radical reforms in the military and social spheres, in the system of government of the country. The state began to actively intervene in the economy. Peter the Great, of course, played a very important role in the history of Russia.
This presentation will be useful for a history lesson for elementary and high school students.
You can view the slides on the website or download the presentation “Peter 1” in PowerPoint format from the link below.
Presentation Peter 1 
Childhood 
Family 
Education 
Hobbies 
Beginning of Peter's reign 
Reign 
Reforms of Peter 1 
Emperor's title 
Heirs of Peter 1 
Death and legacy
Slide 1
Reform of the army and military administration
Yakovleva Anastasia UP-1 group 1004
Slide 2
Prerequisites for the military reforms of Peter I
Military affairs in pre-Petrine Russia was hopelessly backward, and by the time of the accession of Peter I it was in a state of complete collapse and desolation, the army was disorganized and incapable of combat. That is why Peter considered it necessary to completely put an end to the past and, after studying the European experience, introduce a regular army in Russia. At the same time, he strictly followed Western models in everything related to the structure, weapons, financing, and uniforms of the new army.
“Russian Military School”: Russian military art followed an independent path, developed in special conditions - on an exclusively independent basis.
Peter I in his military reforms was inspired primarily by the practical experience that the Russian army gained during the Northern War. Indeed, in order for Russia’s foreign policy position to be equal to the European level, the obvious necessity was to expand the country’s territory in all directions. Accordingly, for expansion it was necessary to carry out military campaigns. The first military campaigns of Peter I turned out to be defeats, which forced him to carry out a number of military reforms.
Slide 3
Peter gives a decree to build a flotilla. The flotilla created in one winter was carried along small rivers to Azov. The ships of this flotilla were built from frozen wood and, according to foreign experts, were only suitable for firewood. Peter did everything possible on his part to strengthen and develop the fleet; for this reason, English and Dutch masters, who were famous for their skill in this matter, were invited to replace the illiterate craftsmen.
Arsenals and port workshops emerged. Sailors and officers were quickly trained. General management of the fleet was established.
And already in 1710. Russian ships crossed the Black Sea.
Slide 4
Particularly large construction took place in Voronezh, where the Admiralty was created. Over 26 thousand people were mobilized to harvest ship timber and build ships. At the same time, the fleet was being recruited with soldiers from the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments and recruits.
In just a few months, by the spring of 1696, the Azov Fleet was created, the basis of which was galleys. On October 20 (30), 1696, Tsar Peter I “indicated” and the Duma “sentenced”: “There will be sea vessels” - a state act that officially marked the beginning of the creation of a regular fleet. To gain a foothold on the Sea of Azov, in 1698 Peter began the construction of Taganrog as a naval base. For the period from 1695 to 1710
Slide 5
After the war with Turkey for the possession of the Sea of Azov, Peter I's aspirations were aimed at fighting for access to the Baltic Sea. Peter I began building the Baltic Fleet. River and sea military vessels are laid down at the shipyards of the Syaz, Svir and Volkhov rivers; seven 52-gun ships and three 32-gun frigates are built at the Arkhangelsk shipyards. New shipyards are being created, and the number of iron and copper foundries in the Urals is growing. Casting of ship guns and cannonballs for them is being established in Voronezh
In 1704, the construction of an Admiralty shipyard began on the left bank of the Neva, which was destined to soon become the main domestic shipyard, and St. Petersburg - the shipbuilding center of Russia.
Slide 6
During the Peter the Great period, the center of Russia's maritime trade moved from the White Sea from Arkhangelsk to the Baltic to St. Petersburg, which became the country's largest commercial port.
Slide 7
Reform of the Streltsy army
The Streltsy took part in both Peter's campaigns against Azov. In the first campaign - 12 rifle regiments, in the second - 13 regiments. Streltsy took part in campaigns before, but then the matter was limited to the summer months, and in the winter they returned to Moscow to their usual activities of trade and crafts. After the capture of Azov, 6 soldier and 4 rifle regiments were left in the fortress. The total number of archers: 2659 officers and privates, 8 colonels and lieutenant colonels and 30 captains. They were entrusted with the responsibility not only to repel possible attempts by the Ottomans to return the fortress, but also to restore its bastions and build new ones.
In the summer of 1697, the archers, who spent the winter in Azov, were ordered to go to Moscow. But already on the way, a new order came: the regiments were to go to the Polish border - to Velikiye Luki. Instead of meeting with families, new trials lay ahead - living in a sparsely populated area, enduring hunger and poverty
Slide 8
Rumors are spreading among the Streltsy that they have been taken out of Moscow forever and that the Streltsy army is in danger of death. The archers considered the boyars and foreigners to be the culprits of their troubles. Sagittarius go to Moscow without permission. But on the way they were met and defeated by regular troops under the command of Shein, Gordon, Koltsov-Mosalsky (a total of 3,700 warriors and 25 cannons)34. After this, Shein conducts an investigation and executes 722 rebels. Then Peter returned to Moscow, and more than 1,000 archers were executed. Only the archers aged 14 to 20 were spared their lives - they were beaten with a whip. This last Streltsy revolt further intensified Peter's real hatred and fear of the Streltsy. Therefore, the king decides to destroy them once and for all. In total, more than 1,700 archers were executed for participating in the riot, the rest were sent to different cities and enrolled in other regiments.
Slide 9
The very way of life of the archers, who tended to succeed more in household concerns than in the military, contributed to their performance of police functions in the capital. But even as a police force, the archers showed themselves to be unreliable - because they turned into an instrument of palace intrigue. That is why the replacement of the Streltsy regiments with new military units seemed to Peter I an urgent measure. The Streltsy revolt of 1698 only accelerated the dissolution of the Streltsy regiments and their replacement. Their disbandment is unlikely to have weakened the country's defense capabilities.
Slide 10
In 1699-1700 Peter I carried out a centralized recruitment of recruits for the infantry, which was a prerequisite for the final transition to the conscription system (introduced in 1705). Legally, the beginning of the regular army of Peter I was laid by the tsar’s decrees of November 8 and 17, 1699, where the sources of the formation of new regiments were determined: · the first source – “willing people” from among personally free subjects of various ranks who served for a high rank · the second source – “dating people”, i.e. actually the recruits themselves. According to the decree of November 17, the monastery peasants had to supply 1 recruit from 25 households; nobles in the civil service supplied 1 recruit from 30 households; from 50 households, 1 recruit was given by nobles who served in the army.
Recruit kits
Slide 11
Recruitment was carried out as needed, as announced in special decrees. The number of recruits to be recruited was determined anew each time.
From 1705 to 1713, 10 recruitments were carried out, which gave the army 337,196 people, which fully satisfied the needs of the army in the rank and file. Until 1709, recruitment was carried out annually - the exhausting Northern War was going on. The extension of conscription to the largest segment of the population—the peasantry—extraordinarily expanded the army's recruitment base. At the same time, the service becomes lifelong and permanent. The new recruitment system gave the Russian army a great advantage over Western European ones. It made it possible to create an army with a homogeneous national composition.
Slide 12
Recruitment sets took the best personnel from the national economy, because only healthy men aged 15 to 32 years old, not disgraced by any crimes, were recruited. For the leadership of the state and the army, the recruitment system was more convenient than the mercenary and recruitment system. However, recruitment annually irrevocably took up to 40,000 able-bodied young men.
Slide 13
Military training
In 1700, the first military school was established under the bombardment company of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. Future artillery officers were trained in elementary mathematics, artillery, shooting rules, and fortification (and the theory of shooting was supplemented by practical exercises). In 1716, the experience of the Russian regular army was summarized in the “Military Charter”. The important historical era of army reform was summed up, the organization of the regular army and the operational-tactical and strategic principles of warfare applied by them were consolidated. To encourage those who distinguished themselves in battle in 1700-1705. Peter I introduced orders and medals. They were received not only by generals and officers, but also by soldiers.
Slide 16
Conclusion
Having become the ruler of Russia, Peter I carried out a radical reform of the army - he introduced conscription. Maintaining troops, where service is not a job, but an “honorable duty of a citizen,” was cheaper. Peter I did not have to create a new army from scratch. The regiments of the new system of Alexei Mikhailovich (and Mikhail Fedorovich) may well be considered as a prototype of Peter’s regular army. They have only one significant difference: the regiments of the new system under Mikhail Fedorovich and Alexei Mikhailovich were created for specific local wars and after their completion, most of the regiments were disbanded. Peter created a huge regular army, which was necessary for him personally and the state in the context of the new government course.
Slide 17
Thank you for your attention!
Slide 2
As a military leader, Peter I stands among the most educated and talented builders of the armed forces, generals and naval commanders of Russian and world history of the 18th century. His whole life's work was to strengthen Russia's military power and increase its role in the international arena. The military reform of Peter I included a set of government measures to reorganize the system of army recruitment and military administration, create a regular navy, improve weapons, develop and implement a new system of training and education of military personnel.
Slide 3
Army reform The Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments, which grew out of the childhood fun of the young tsar, became the first regiments of the new Russian army, built with the help of foreigners according to the European model. Peter I introduced a new system of recruiting the regular army. In 1699, conscription was introduced, legalized by the decree of Peter I in 1705. Its essence was that the state forcibly annually recruited a certain number of recruits into the army and navy from the tax-paying classes, peasants and townspeople. From 20 households they took one single person between the ages of 15 and 20. By the end of Peter's reign, the number of all regular troops, infantry and cavalry, ranged from 196 to 212 thousand people.
Slide 4
Slide 5
Along with the reorganization of the land army, Peter began to create a navy. By 1700, the Azov fleet consisted of more than 50 ships. During the Northern War, the Baltic Fleet was created, which by the end of the reign of Peter I consisted of 35 large battleships, 10 frigates and about 200 galley (rowing) ships with 28 thousand sailors. Creation of the Navy
Slide 6
A reform of military administration was carried out. Instead of Orders, Peter I established a military collegium in 1718, which was in charge of the field army, “garrison troops” and all “military affairs”. The final structure of the Military College was determined by a decree of 1719. During the reform of the army, a unified system of military ranks was introduced, which was finally formalized in the Table of Ranks of 1722. The service ladder included 14 classes from field marshal and admiral general to warrant officer. The service and ranks of the Table of Ranks were based not on birth, but on personal abilities. Paying much attention to the technical re-equipment of the army and navy, Peter I established the development and production of new types of ships, new types of artillery guns and ammunition. Under Peter I, the infantry began to arm itself with flintlock rifles, and a domestic-style bayonet was introduced. Military command reform
Slide 7
The government of Peter I attached particular importance to the education of the national officer corps. At first, all young nobles were required to serve as soldiers in the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky Guards regiments for 10 years, starting at the age of 15. Upon receiving their first officer rank, noble children were sent to army units, where they served for life. However, such a system of training officers could not fully satisfy the growing needs for new personnel, and Peter I established a number of special military schools. In 1701, an artillery school for 300 people was opened in Moscow, and in 1712 a second artillery school was opened in St. Petersburg. To train engineering personnel, two engineering schools were created (in 1708 and 1719). In 1715, the Maritime Academy was opened in St. Petersburg.
Slide 8
Peter I forbade the promotion to officers of persons who had not received appropriate training at a military school. There were often cases when Peter I personally examined “minors” (children of the nobility). Those who did not pass the exam were sent to serve in the navy as privates without the right to be promoted to officer. Taking care of the morale of the troops, Peter I awarded distinguished generals with the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, established by him in 1698, and soldiers and officers with medals and promotions (soldiers also with money). At the same time, Peter I introduced severe discipline in the army with corporal punishment and the death penalty for serious military crimes.
Slide 9
The military system created by the government of Peter I turned out to be so stable that it lasted until the end of the 18th century without significant changes. In the decades following Peter I of the 18th century, the Russian armed forces developed under the influence of Peter's military reforms, and the principles and traditions of the regular army continued to improve. They found their continuation in the combat activities of Pyotr Rumyantsev and Alexander Suvorov.
Slide 10
The presentation was made by a student of class 10 “A” Polyakova Ksenia
View all slides
As a military leader, Peter I stands among the most educated and talented builders of the armed forces, generals and naval commanders of Russian and world history of the 18th century. His whole life's work was to strengthen Russia's military power and increase its role in the international arena. The military reform of Peter I included a set of government measures to reorganize the system of army recruitment and military administration, create a regular navy, improve weapons, develop and implement a new system of training and education of military personnel.
Army reform Army reform The Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments, which grew out of the childhood fun of the young tsar, became the first regiments of the new Russian army, built with the help of foreigners according to the European model. Peter I introduced a new system of recruiting the regular army. In 1699, conscription was introduced, legalized by the decree of Peter I in 1705. Its essence was that the state forcibly annually recruited a certain number of recruits into the army and navy from the tax-paying classes, peasants and townspeople. From 20 households they took one single person between the ages of 15 and 20. By the end of Peter's reign, the number of all regular troops, infantry and cavalry, ranged from 196 to 212 thousand people.
Along with the reorganization of the land army, Peter began to create a navy. By 1700, the Azov fleet consisted of more than 50 ships. During the Northern War, the Baltic Fleet was created, which by the end of the reign of Peter I consisted of 35 large battleships, 10 frigates and about 200 galley (rowing) ships with 28 thousand sailors. Creation of the Navy Creation of the Navy
A reform of military administration was carried out. Instead of Orders, Peter I established a military collegium in 1718, which was in charge of the field army, “garrison troops” and all “military affairs”. The final structure of the Military College was determined by a decree of 1719. During the reform of the army, a unified system of military ranks was introduced, which was finally formalized in the Table of Ranks of 1722. The service ladder included 14 classes from field marshal and admiral general to warrant officer. The service and ranks of the Table of Ranks were based not on birth, but on personal abilities. Paying much attention to the technical re-equipment of the army and navy, Peter I established the development and production of new types of ships, new types of artillery guns and ammunition. Under Peter I, the infantry began to arm itself with flintlock rifles, and a domestic-style bayonet was introduced. Military command reform Military command reform
The government of Peter I attached particular importance to the education of the national officer corps. At first, all young nobles were required to serve as soldiers in the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky Guards regiments for 10 years, starting at the age of 15. Upon receiving their first officer rank, noble children were sent to army units, where they served for life. However, such a system of training officers could not fully satisfy the growing needs for new personnel, and Peter I established a number of special military schools. In 1701, an artillery school for 300 people was opened in Moscow, and in 1712 a second artillery school was opened in St. Petersburg. To train engineering personnel, two engineering schools were created (in 1708 and 1719). In 1715, the Maritime Academy was opened in St. Petersburg.
Peter I forbade the promotion to officers of persons who had not received appropriate training at a military school. There were often cases when Peter I personally examined “minors” (children of the nobility). Those who did not pass the exam were sent to serve in the navy as privates without the right to be promoted to officer. Taking care of the morale of the troops, Peter I awarded distinguished generals with the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, established by him in 1698, and soldiers and officers with medals and promotions (soldiers also with money). At the same time, Peter I introduced severe discipline in the army with corporal punishment and the death penalty for serious military crimes.
The military system created by the government of Peter I turned out to be so stable that it lasted until the end of the 18th century without significant changes. In the decades following Peter I of the 18th century, the Russian armed forces developed under the influence of Peter's military reforms, and the principles and traditions of the regular army continued to improve. They found their continuation in the combat activities of Pyotr Rumyantsev and Alexander Suvorov.
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