International emergency signs
(used to signal aircraft from the ground)
Code table.
For victims deprived of emergency signaling “tools,” an emergency signaling method has been invented - international code table.
The code table signals are laid out in open places that are clearly visible from the air - on hillsides, clearings. Different sources indicate different recommended signal sizes, depending on the tastes and departmental preferences of the authors. Therefore, it is better to stick to the international standard: 10 m long, 3 m wide and 3 m between signs. But in any case, no less than 2.5 m. Otherwise, the sign will be difficult to make out from a great height. There are no upward restrictions - the more significant the signal, the higher the likelihood that it will be noticed.
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For the same purpose - communicating specific information to pilots of search aircraft - another form of signaling is used - international aviation emergency gestural signaling.
1. Please take me on board.
2. Technical assistance required.
3. It’s convenient to land here.
4. Everything is fine.
5. I understand, I comply.
6. I have a radio station.
7. It’s dangerous to land here.
8. I can’t move, I need it
health care.
9. Ready to accept the pennant, written
message.
10. Yes.
11. No.
Another form of signaling is used for the same purpose - communicating specific information to search aircraft pilots. Only it’s no longer international, but ours, domestic, accepted into the Air Force.
It is impossible to say in advance with whom the victims will have to communicate in the conditions of an accident - with our or not our aviators and which of them adheres to which gesture system, so it is better, just in case, to know both:
1. “An incident has occurred, there are victims” - a person lying on the ground, or a circle of fabric (an extended parachute), in the middle of which is the figure of a lying person.
2. “We need food, warm clothing” - a person sitting on the ground, or a triangle made of fabric.
3. “Show me which direction to go” - a person with his arms raised and slightly spread to the sides, or a thin, long triangle of fabric in the shape of an arrow.
4. “Here you can land” - a person in a shallow squat with his arms extended forward, or a square of fabric.
5. “Land in the direction indicated” - a standing person with his arms extended forward in the direction of the approach or a landing “T” made of fabric.
6. “You can’t sit here” - a standing person with his arms crossed above his head or a cloth cross.
In addition to special ones, there are simplified distress signals, which rescuers from almost all departments are aware of to one degree or another.
For example, the SOS signal, universal in all respects, or any other light or sound signal, repeated three times in a row at short intervals. It doesn’t matter what it will be - three lights, three columns of smoke, three loud whistles, three shots, three light flashes, etc. - as long as the signal is triple.
There should be a one-minute pause between each group of signals. Three light or noise signals - a minute of rest - and again three signals.
The international distress signal received in the mountains looks a little different: six whistles, flashes or hand waves per minute, then a one-minute pause and repeat
Every driver of a vehicle is not insured against an unforeseen situation on the road, be it a car breakdown or an accident. In this case, you should always have some in the trunk of your car. emergency sign, which must be placed in front of the machine until the problem is resolved.
A warning triangle, according to traffic regulations, is visually an equilateral triangle. Outer side This triangle is covered with a strip made of reflective material. This is necessary so that it is visible to other drivers from a long distance. The inner side is covered with a fluorescent strip.
The product itself is made of plastic or plastic. When purchasing, it is better to choose plastic, as it is more resistant to vibrations on the road and, accordingly, will last you longer. In order to install the product on the road in a vertical position, with inside a retractable leg is attached to it.
The requirements state that warning signs must be of the following dimensions: the total width of the elements must be 100 mm, the sides must be between 500 and 550 mm wide. Internal roundings should have a radius of 5 mm or more, but no less. And the radius of the external curves should be 15 millimeters.
When choosing a new emergency beacon, you need to pay attention to the following details:
The installation of a warning triangle is strictly regulated by traffic rules. Every driver should know how many meters away an emergency sign is displayed in the event of an accident or car breakdown in locality– this distance is 15 meters from the car.
If an emergency stop occurs on the highway, the distance will be 30 meters or more.
Every driver and every vehicle must have this sign. When choosing, it is better not to save money, but to buy the product good quality. It will serve you for a long time and will be well preserved. Cheap warning triangles may even injure you during installation. sharp corners and ribs. The corners of more expensive products are reliably protected by durable materials, which will protect you from accidental cuts.
The rules prohibit the operation of a car unless it is equipped with the following three mandatory accessories: a first aid kit, a fire extinguisher and a warning triangle. All this can be purchased at retail stores and must be stored in an easily accessible place in the car.
A warning triangle is a red triangle, which, if necessary, you must place on the roadway from the direction of approaching traffic. It is clearly visible not only during the day, but also at night, as it has the ability to reflect the headlights falling on it. Even in the dark on a country road, drivers will see it, understand in advance that there is danger ahead, reduce speed and be ready to stop or go around you. And this must be done without fail and immediately!
A few words about what hazard warning lights are.
Absolutely every car has such a key (or button) - if you press it, then all the direction indicators and two more repeaters on the side surfaces of the front wings begin to flash simultaneously. That is, as many as six lights flash at once orange color from all sides of the car. The driver, turning on the hazard warning lights or using a warning triangle, seems to shout to other road users:
"I have a problem's! Be careful! Now, without meaning to, I pose a danger to everyone!”
This is something like a special language (let’s call it “emergency language”). This language has only a few words and you need to know them. Moreover, both the one who “screams” and those who hear this “scream” need to know them. Then you can not only see that something happened, but also understand what exactly happened. Either an accident has occurred, or one person is towing another, or children are being boarded on a bus intended for their organized transportation.
The hazard warning lights must be turned on:
When towing (on a towed motor vehicle);
When the driver is blinded by headlights;
When boarding and disembarking children from a vehicle that has the “Transportation of Children” markings:
The driver must turn on the hazard warning lights in other cases to warn road users of the danger that the vehicle may pose.
A warning triangle must be displayed:
In case of a traffic accident;
When forced to stop in places where stopping is prohibited;
When forced to stop in any place where a stationary vehicle cannot be seen by other drivers in a timely manner.
In case of a traffic accident.
In the event of an accident, the first thing to do is to immediately turn on the hazard warning lights. Then also immediately put up a warning triangle. And only after that - everything else.
When forced to stop in places where stopping is prohibited.
You already know how to behave during a forced stop - also, the first thing to do is turn on the emergency lights and put up an emergency stop sign.
Moreover, if you happen to break down in a place where stopping is not prohibited, or you manage to roll the car to a place where stopping is not prohibited (for example, to the side of the road), then in this case the Rules do not oblige you to “shout” to everyone about your problems.
However, if you are planning to repair it right on the road, then this is a different situation. Now you are certainly creating a danger for yourself and for the movement of other vehicles. And, therefore, they must turn on the emergency lights and put up an emergency stop sign.
Rules. Section 7. Clause 7.2. Paragraph 3.
This sign is installed at a distance that provides timely warning to other drivers of the danger in a particular situation. However, this distance must be at least 15 meters from the vehicle in populated areas and at least 30 meters outside populated areas.
Did you notice: The rules established only the lower limit (at least 15 meters in populated areas and at least 30 meters on the road outside populated areas). The Rules say nothing about “no more.” Drivers must determine the upper limit themselves, guided by safety considerations in each specific situation
In all likelihood, something happened around the bend. And the driver put up a warning triangle, moving away from the scene of the incident much more than 30 meters.
In this situation, this is exactly what you need to do!
When towing.
Just try to make sure that the warning triangle does not obscure the state registration plate of your car.
When the driver is blinded by headlights.
Night time. A road outside a populated area without artificial lighting. A car is driving towards you with its headlights on. Just imagine - you don’t see the road surface, you don’t see the markings, you don’t see the edge of the road, you don’t see that the road makes a turn. This is deadly!
The most correct thing now is to depict a forced stop. That is, there is no need to put up a sign, just turn on the hazard warning lights and smoothly stop without changing lanes. I assure you, this is the most correct and safe decision. Moreover, the Rules require the same.
Rules. Section 19. Clause 19.2. Paragraph 5.
If blinded, the driver must turn on the hazard warning lights and, without changing lanes, reduce speed and stop.
Then, when the car that blinded you passes, start moving and, accelerating to average speed flow, turn off the emergency lights.
When boarding children in a vehicle with identification marks
"Transportation of children" and disembarkation from it.
For the organized transportation of children, buses are specially hired, and these buses must have “Transportation of Children” identification signs on the front and rear.
Children are children. Getting carried away, they may forget that they are on the road. Therefore, every time children are boarded or disembarked, the driver of such a bus is required to turn on the hazard warning lights. This is also one of the words in the “emergency language”, and it is very important that drivers understand it correctly.
The driver must turn on the hazard warning lights in other cases to warn road users of the danger that the vehicle may pose.
Well, we have already considered one such case. This is when you decide to get repairs right on the road, and you are standing in a place where stopping is not prohibited.
Suppose this happens on the side of the road outside a populated area, that is, where stopping is not only allowed, but even prescribed by the Rules. You will now be walking around the car, opening and closing doors, hanging out under the hood, and perhaps even crawling under the car, leaving your feet on the roadway. And all this time cars will fly past. Of course, just because you turn on the hazard warning lights and put up a warning triangle, they won’t stop flying by, but drivers will be more attentive and, just in case, will increase the lateral interval towards you.
And another suitable case is when your vehicle has a malfunction that prohibits its operation. For example, the windshield was broken by a stone. Well, what to do now? In this case, the rules allow you to drive home or to the place of repair (do not abandon the car on the road). But with all necessary precautions! That is, firstly, you will move in the far right lane. Secondly, you need to move at a low speed (and it won’t work at a high speed - the wind will blow in your face, carrying with it road dust and sand). And thirdly, during such (!) movement you are required to turn on the hazard warning lights.
The rules do not cover all such cases. They simply allow you to use the alarm whenever you feel the need to do so.
For those in distress who are deprived of emergency signals and signals for help, another way to send distress signals has been invented - the international code table of distress signals.
The code table includes generally accepted signals, which are laid out in open places that are clearly visible from the air - on hillsides, clearings. Different sources indicate different recommended signal sizes, depending on the tastes and departmental preferences of the authors.
Therefore, it is better to stick to the international standard: 10 meters long, 3 meters wide and 3 meters between signs. But in any case, no less than 2.5 meters. Otherwise, the sign will be difficult to read high altitude. There are no upward restrictions - the more significant the signal, the higher the likelihood that it will be noticed. For example, with my own eyes on one of my trips I was able to observe a sign with side dimensions much larger than one hundred meters. True, it was not a sign of disaster, but rather a symbol of human stupidity. Someone was not too lazy and tore off the slope of a hill towering above the surrounding area in order to immortalize one very short but capacious Russian word, which I cannot quote here for censorship reasons.
Local pilots, not without pride, claimed that this titanic structure of lovers of Russian literature is used to guide planes to their home airport and can be easily read even from space. So the content is content, and the example that the more the better is very clear. What can a signal be made from? From almost everything. From sleeping bags laid out on the ground, a cut-up tent, spare clothes, life jackets, pieces of fabric secured with pegs driven into the ground or stones placed on top. From the wreckage of a vehicle, stones, spruce branches and tree branches. On the seashore - from pebbles or seaweed thrown out by the surf.
You can not post the signal, but, for example, dig it out, for which you remove the turf with a shovel or knife and deepen the resulting trench. In this case, the turf itself must be carefully laid along the trench on the grass with the inner, dark side up, which will double its width. In the snow, the signal is drawn using ash from a burnt-out fire or trampled under shoe heels. It is advisable to line the bottom of trampled trenches with spruce branches, branches, etc. dark material. Just when trampling trenches in the snow, you don’t need to trample next to them, so that instead of a clearly readable signal sign, you don’t get a meaningless pattern of dozens of people walking in different sides paths and paths. Approach construction site follows only one side and only one pre-marked path.
In all cases, one must strive to ensure maximum contrast between the color signal and the background on which it is laid out. In other words, on light soil the signs should be as dark as possible, and on dark soil - light. In the desert, where construction material you don’t have to choose, low shafts of sand are piled up. This sign works twice a day - in the morning and in the evening, when the sun is low above the horizon.
Thick shadows cast by artificial sand banks are quite clearly visible from the air. But it’s even better to hang panels of fabric or even thick paper on stakes driven into the sand. The fabric itself can be any color, even yellow, because the signal will be drawn not by the panels, but by the shadow they cast. In the absence of fabric, you can try to construct a similar shadow signal from plants tied into long ropes and stretched between stakes a meter from the ground.
The code table of distress signals includes signs that have one single meaning known to the pilot of the search aircraft. There is no point in inventing your own signals, and if for some reason you have forgotten how this or that sign is deciphered, you can lay out the well-known SOS signal on the ground. I doubted for a long time whether it was worth telling the reader about another method of alarm signaling. On the one hand, it is ridiculously simple and therefore accessible to every person, does not require any additional technical devices, and is effective - all these significant advantages.
On the other hand, it causes objective damage to the surrounding nature - a very serious minus in modern times. How can people, being carried away, begin to use it, where it is necessary and where it is not necessary? But then I thought that it was better than the “signal” one. In addition, this method is labor-intensive enough that a person takes it up only out of boredom or for pranks. The essence this method signaling is that victims try to change by all means available to them natural look surrounding area. Burned out, trampled on the ground geometric figures big size, artificial clearings are cut down in dense forests.
Of course, it’s more convenient not to fall big trees, such work is too labor-intensive, and, for example, pruning low bush on the edges of a forest or the banks of a pond. The size of the sign (circle, triangle, etc.) must be 20 meters or more, the stripe width must be 3 - 4 meters. Up close, such a sign is almost invisible, but from a height of several hundred meters it immediately catches the eye. In general, it should be noted that in emergency situation You cannot limit yourself to installing one or two signals. The alarm must be varied and, so to speak, multi-stage, only then will it be effective. For example, having caught a glare from the signal signal on the cockpit glass, the pilot will more carefully examine the area and notice a geometric figure carved into the bushes.
Having descended, he will make out the signs of the code table and the smoke of the signal fire and, finally, examine the people themselves. By the way, the latter must make sure that they are clearly visible. Wear bright, preferably orange, and in the steppe white clothes, go out of the shade of the trees into a sunny, open place, wave bright pieces of fabric over your head, at night - a torch or flashlight.
But it's even better if those in distress know the International Aviation Emergency Hand Signal, which is used to transmit information by pilots of search and rescue aircraft and helicopters.
1. Please take me on board.
2. Technical assistance required.
3. It’s convenient to land here.
4. Everything is fine.
5. I understand, I comply.
6. I have a radio station.
7. It’s dangerous to land here.
8. I can’t move, I need medical help.
9. Ready to accept a pennant, a written message.
10. Yes.
11. No.
Another form of signaling is used for the same purpose—communicating specific information to search aircraft pilots. Only it’s no longer international, but ours, domestic, accepted into the Air Force. It is impossible to say in advance with whom the victims will have to communicate in the conditions of an accident - with our or not our aviators and which of them adheres to which gesture system, so it is better, just in case, to know both.
1. “An incident has occurred, there are casualties”- a person lying on the ground, or a circle of fabric (a straightened parachute), in the middle of which is the figure of a lying person.
2. “We need food and warm clothing”- a person sitting on the ground, or a triangle made of fabric.
3. “Show me which direction to go.”- a person with his arms raised and slightly spread to the sides, or a thin, long triangle of fabric in the shape of an arrow.
4. “You can land here”- a person in a shallow squat with his arms extended forward, or a square of fabric.
5. "Land in the direction indicated"- a standing person with his arms extended forward in the direction of the approach or landing “T” made of fabric.
6. “You can’t sit here.”- a standing person with his arms crossed above his head or a cloth cross.
In addition to special ones, there are simplified distress signals, which rescuers from almost all departments are aware of to one degree or another. For example, the SOS signal, universal in all respects, or any other light or sound signal, repeated three times in a row at short intervals. It doesn’t matter what it will be - three lights, three columns of smoke, three loud whistles, three shots, three light flashes, etc. - as long as the signal is triple.
There should be a one-minute pause between each group of signals. Three light or noise signals - a minute of rest - and again three signals. The international distress signal received in the mountains looks a little different: six whistles, flashes of light or hand waves per minute, then a minute pause and repeat the signal.
If during a hike or travel you notice someone else’s distress signal, take all measures to provide assistance. First of all, fix the location of the signal - take a bearing using a bearing and note landmarks in the indicated direction. If the victims are in hard to reach place, several of the most experienced travelers must come to their aid. It is unacceptable to send a rescue team lightly - without a tent, warm clothes, food. Retreating rescuers must be completely autonomous, even if those in distress are several hundred meters away.
The remainder (insurance group) must immediately begin setting up the emergency camp. Set up tents, build shelters, make fires, boil water, install signals around the camp and in the direction of movement of the rescue group, organize intermediate camps. If possible, you must immediately notify the rescue services and authorities about the incident and then act in accordance with their instructions. When working as full-time rescuers, independent actions not coordinated with them are unacceptable. It is possible to continue the route only with the permission of the relevant services after the end of the rescue operation.
The last piece of advice is less about alarm technology and more about human ethics. Any rescue operation distracts a large number of people from their main work and puts their lives at risk increased risk, not counting large financial costs. Therefore, before you decide to send a distress signal, you need to think seven times. Any distress signal should only be used in a truly critical situation, directly threatening the life or health of people.
Several tens of kilometers to be covered, worn out legs or failure to meet the deadlines of the trip, not to mention such mercantile reasons as the fear of being late from vacation, missing airline tickets, etc., are not a reason to send an emergency signal and launch large-scale rescue operations.
For the same purpose, after the accident has been successfully completed, all alarms should be removed or, if this is not possible, the local authorities, rescue services, aviators, that in the indicated areas the signals (indicate which ones specifically) are “non-working”. Unfortunately, there are cases when travelers have been home for many days, and rescue teams, raised by alarm, continued to comb the area in search of victims.
Based on materials from the book “School of Survival in Accidents and Natural Disasters.”
Ilyin A.
Actions of victims of disaster, if they decide, without waiting for the help of rescuers, to get out to people, to populated areas, on their own.
Road safety is an urgent need for every (even the most reckless) driver. This is especially true for non-standard situations. For example, a car engine is running, but has lost a lot of power.
The forced stop and quick repairs did not give positive results: you can move, but at low speed. In such a combination of circumstances, a line of vehicles will gather on the narrow road behind, the drivers of which will openly or covertly express their dislike by such snail-like driving.
You could even die from hiccups! But for such unusual cases, an emergency alarm was invented.
Every modern car has a button to turn on the hazard warning lights. It can take on the most intricate shapes: round, square, rectangular, etc. But two circumstances unite all options for emergency buttons:
After pressing such a button, releasing it or touching it in sensor mode (it all depends on the design of the car), all six turn signals (in common parlance - turn signals) will begin to blink in the same mode with the same frequency.
At the same time, two arrows will light up on the instrument panel, signaling the operation of the turn signals, and an unpleasant monotonous clicking sound will be heard from under the panel (this is the hazard warning relay working).
Light signals flashing along the perimeter of the car body are clearly visible to other road users. This is a warning to other drivers about the danger.
According to the traffic rules, the “hazard warning light” must be used by the driver in cases where when the vehicle creates a danger for the movement of other participants. Therefore, its use in such situations is the driver’s sacred duty.
For example, a stone flew into the windshield of a car, and it cracked (“cobwebs crawled”).
In this case, operation of the vehicle is prohibited, but it is allowed to drive to the repair site or parking lot subject to safety precautions. An activated emergency light will allow the driver to safely reach a service center or garage.
Very often, drivers with little driving experience (not to be confused with “dummies”!) use the hazard warning lights in a situation where they lose control. For example, the engine stalls at an intersection (but everyone is in a hurry, honking from behind, and is indignant).
In this case, the emergency light will become a real salvation for an inexperienced car enthusiast. Its inclusion “whitens” a slightly tarnished reputation.
To paraphrase the traffic rules, let’s say that it is advisable and should be used in any circumstances when the driver feels unsure of his actions on the road. And he honestly warns his fellow drivers about this. Such actions will ensure maximum safety for all road users.
Frankly speaking, determining the degree of danger of your vehicle on the road is a subjective phenomenon. Therefore, the traffic rules specifically spell out 5 situations, in the event of which the emergency alarm must be turned on immediately. This requirement of the Rules is strict, and it is not discussed.
Each vehicle must be marked with an alarm (of course, if it is available and in working order). This is done to warn other road users about an obstacle that may appear on their way.
2. When making a forced stop in places where stopping is prohibited.
"Emergency" performs two important missions here. Firstly, it warns of danger. Secondly, it convinces other road users and traffic police officers that there are no illegal motives in the actions of the driver who is making a forced stop, and not deliberately and cynically ignoring the Rules.
3. When the driver is blinded by the headlights of oncoming or passing vehicles.
The headlights of modern cars are incredibly powerful (for example, xenon). And it is not difficult for the driver to get blinded: be it from oncoming traffic or from passing cars - through the rear-view mirrors.
A blinded driver can no longer adequately navigate in space, so the Rules require him to:
Regarding the second requirement, the motivation for the traffic rules is clear: moving out of your lane or lane in the absence of control over the situation can lead to an accident.
4. When towing on a towed vehicle.
When towing with a disabled vehicle, you must turn on the hazard lights.
This is done to warn vehicles approaching from behind about the danger and complexity of the intended maneuver -.
5. When boarding and disembarking children in case of their organized transportation.
When passing places where children are boarded or disembarked from a vehicle marked with the identification sign “Transportation of Children,” special traffic rules apply. The driver, approaching such areas, is obliged to reduce speed, and, if necessary, even stop in order to let children pass, even those who suddenly appear on the roadway.
That is why drivers of vehicles carrying out organized transportation of children are required to turn on the hazard warning lights when boarding and disembarking. It will become an excellent informant for other road users about changing traffic situations and the need to ensure the safety of children.
So, let us note once again (it will not be superfluous!): The above five cases of alarm application are mandatory. This is what the Russian Traffic Regulations and the principles of basic safety require!
Every motor vehicle must be equipped with a warning triangle (except for mopeds and motorcycles without side trailers). This sign is placed by the driver on the roadway in the direction possible appearance Vehicle. It is a way of warning other road users of potential danger.
The rules provide for three main cases in which the driver is required to display a warning triangle.
1. In case of a traffic accident.
And let us immediately conclude: in the event of an accident, it will not be enough to turn on the hazard warning lights. The driver is also required to mark the location of the accident with a warning triangle.
2. When forced to stop in areas where stopping is prohibited.
Let us draw one more conclusion: if you are forced to stop in such places, it will not be enough to turn on the emergency lights; the corresponding sign should also be displayed.
3. When forced to stop in areas with limited visibility.
The purpose of this sign is to promptly inform drivers about the possible occurrence of an obstacle in difficult visibility conditions.
In addition to the mandatory use of a warning triangle, drivers can also use it to achieve the greatest safety when stopping or parking on the road. For example, at night on the side of the highway. The rules don't require this, but it will be calmer.
This is often done by truck drivers resting after a hard day. working day. Even in the most unfavorable visibility conditions, the red reflective elements of the sign can warn approaching drivers and convince them to take precautions in advance.
Traffic regulations require the driver to display an emergency stop sign, guided by the main principle: the distance from the vehicle to it should ensure timely warning of danger. Therefore, in each specific situation this distance will be different.
However, the Rules regulate the minimum permissible distances:
The specified parameters are derived exclusively experimentally.
A special case of using a warning triangle is when towing in conditions of malfunction or absence of hazard warning lights.
In such circumstances, the driver of the towed vehicle is required to post a warning triangle on the rear of the vehicle. This will warn drivers behind you that the situation is unusual.
After much thought, we came to the conclusion that we should still talk about the imaginary forced stop. Moreover, drivers often sin with this.
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