It makes no significant difference whether we lay out the board on a piece of paper in a checkered pattern, cutting out templates of parts with pins from cardboard (although I deeply doubt that anyone will use this method in the 21st century, when every home has a computer), or use some program for PCB layout, for example sprint layout. Of course, with the help of sprint layout it will be much easier to do this, especially in large schemes. In both cases, first we place on the working field the part with the largest number of pins; in our case it is a transistor, let’s say VT1, this is our KT315. (A link to the sprint layout user manual will be provided below). Moreover, at first, when designing, your printed circuit board may resemble a circuit diagram, that’s okay, I think everyone started out that way. We installed it, then we connect its base and emitter with tracks to resistor R1, we also have the base VT1 connected to the output of capacitor C1 and the output of resistor R2. Instead of lines on the diagram, we connect the pins of the parts with a track on the printed circuit board. I also made it a rule to count the number of pins of parts connected on the diagram and on the printed circuit board; we should get the same number of connected patches.
As you can see, we have 3 more pins connected to the base on the board, just like in the diagram; in the diagram they are marked with red rings. Next, we install transistor VT2 - this is a KT361 transistor, it has a pnp structure, but we don’t care at the moment, since it also has 3 outputs and is in a housing exactly the same as KT315. We installed the transistor, then connect its emitter to the second terminal R2, and the second terminal of capacitor C1 to the collector VT2. We connect the VT2 base to the VT1 collector, install patches on the board to connect the BA1 speaker, we connect it with one terminal to the VT2 collector, the other terminal to the VT1 emitter. Here's what everything I described looks like on the board:
We continue further, we install the LED, connect it to the BA1 pin and to the VT2 emitter. Afterwards we install transistor VT3, this is also KT315 and connect it with the collector to the cathode of the LED, we connect the emitter of VT3 to the minus of the power supply. Next, we install resistor R4 and connect it with tracks to the base and emitter of transistor VT3; we connect the output from the base to probe X1. Let's see what happened on the board:
And finally we install the last few parts. Let's install the power switch, connecting it to the power plus with a path from one patch and to the VT2 emitter, with a path from the other patch connected to the switch. We connect this switch terminal with resistor R3, and connect the second patch of the resistor to the contacts of probe X2.
What program to open lay file you can choose from the list below!
LAY files— are used for designing electrical boards and circuits and are created in the Sprint Layout program.
All files created in the Sprint Layout program are automatically saved with the LAY extension. As a rule, they contain various electrical circuit diagrams.
Using files with this extension, you can transfer and store printed circuit board designs. Files with this extension are familiar to anyone who works with printed circuit boards. It is thanks to them that clear diagrams are drawn up, according to which assembly is then carried out.
Files with the LAY extension are readable by all versions of operating systems from the Windows family. Sprint-Layout is constantly being improved by developers, but the extension remains unchanged. Of course, in addition to Sprint Layout, there is a lot of other software that opens LAY format files. You will learn about them on the pages of this online resource and will be able to choose a program that will be convenient for you to use.
Have you received an email in LAY format that is impossible to read? Is your computer's operating system telling you that this document is not supported? Is access to it blocked? Then our website will be a godsend for you! Here you will find detailed information about programs that allow you to open files with the LAY extension.
Now you know how to open lay and what programs to use for this!
Sometimes files appear on the computer in formats unknown to us, which we have never heard of before. Now we will help you deal with one of the types of such files.LAY. First you need to know that this is a file that contains an electrical circuit diagram or printed circuit board design. This extension also has several varieties at the same time. They are used to calculate various types of problems, and they are created using the Sprint Layout utility.
Before opening .LAY, you will have to understand what type of file it is.
The simplest method, but not always effective, is to double-click on the file. In this case, the computer itself will select the program to open the file. But there may not be a utility on the PC that can open .LAY, so we will need to download additional software.
There are several programs that work with this type of file. But before that, figure out what type of file you are going to work with. There are 5 types of .LAY files:
Now let's talk about everything in order!
- a special utility from Apple. It is used on Mac OS, with the help of which DVD projects are created. To create a project, no programming knowledge is required at all, because the program has several ready-made templates, with the help of which even a beginner can create his own DVD project without any problems. But experienced users may not use templates, but create them themselves. You can also test a DVD project without creating a disk image.
Important! The .LAY file in this case is located in the VIDEO_TS directory, but when converting the finished project to disk, it will not be written because it belongs to the project design.
is a program used by engineers to create objects in flat and three-dimensional formats. It is used in engineering plotting and contains a wide range of functions.
LAY includes page layout, color and graphics settings. It stores participant data, parameters that determine the appearance of each frame, and the visual layout of the project workspace.
The author of the program is Tecplot.
Rhinoceros is a commercial software for volumetric NURBS design. This program is used in shipbuilding, architecture, automotive, industrial design, jewelry, etc. It helps create objects that require incredible precision. Therefore, this utility is used in the fields of CAD/CAM design and multimedia.
Advice! NURBS is used to convey the shapes of objects in .3DM format, so it became the basis of the Rhino 3D program. NURBS generates complex 3D objects from 2D models (quadrangles, circles, polylines, lines, etc.).
Rhino 3D stores state information for the layer where the 3D models are located. All models can be changed at the same time. This is done to simultaneously change the color or structure, and to simultaneously turn layer objects on or off.
Authors of the program:
A simple, but at the same time very effective software package for the design and manual layout of printed circuit boards of low and medium complexity. The program is very popular among Russian radio amateurs.
The main advantage of Sprint-Layout is its intuitive interface, which includes only the most necessary tools for preparing printed circuit boards measuring 300 by 300 mm. The program allows you to work with two layers (conductors and markings) for each side of the board. Additional features - solder mask layer, metallization, SMD mask. The built-in router only helps to route conductors and is not automatic. The growing library contains the most common electronic components. Sprint-Layout provides the ability to export work results to the popular Excellon and Gerber formats, as well as create an HPGL file for finishing a printed circuit board on a software-controlled milling machine. The package is widely used for .
The program is unlikely to be suitable for professionals, since its capabilities are limited to small boards with low element density. But, thanks to its logical and understandable structure, Sprint-Layout is very easy to learn and is recommended for beginner designers who do not want to waste their time learning more complex programs.
The program language is German or English. Domestic enthusiasts created a fully functional Russified version of the program, which received the name Sprint-Layout 6 on the Internet (but has nothing to do with the official 6th version, released in 2013). The interface has been changed for greater convenience, a large number of electronic components have been added and compatibility with all original versions of Sprint-Layout up to version 5 has been maintained.
You can read about the innovations in the 6th version of Sprint-Layout in the article:
The program works stably in 32- or 64-bit operating systems Windows 98 / ME / NT / 2000 / XP / Vista / Win 7 / Win 8
Program distribution: Shareware (paid), price - 40 euros
Official website of Sprint-Layout: http://www.abacom-online.de/uk/html/sprint-layout.html
Sprint-Layout file formats: LAY, LAY6, export to Gerber or Excellon
Download Sprint-Layout 6.0 (unofficial Russian version, actually 5.0)
