Not written together: 1) with all parts of speech that are without Not not used: ignorant, inclement, absurd, hate, indignant, perplexed, impossible, reluctant;
2) with nouns, adjectives and adverbs in – oh, – e, if they can be replaced with synonyms: enemy(enemy), small(small), near(close);
– oh, – e if they have adverbs of degree: very, extremely, very, completely, absolutely, extremely, completely(in meaning "absolutely", "completely"): an extremely unpleasant incident, a completely unexplored area, speaks very inexpressively;
Not with full adjectives it is written together: a long way - a long way;
5) with verbal adjectives formed from intransitive verbs or transitive verbs of the perfect form with suffixes to – my: irresistible, immeasurable, indestructible.
Note: Not is written separately if the dependent words of these verbal adjectives are negative pronouns or nouns, pronouns in the instrumental case: objects invisible to the eye, facts inexplicable;
6) in verbs with a prefix under-, indicating something is incomplete: There are five books missing from the pack(But: child Not gets enough before table);
7) in negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs: no one, nothing, someone, no time, nowhere, reluctantly.
Not written separately:
1) if there is or is implied opposition: not luck, but hard work; lives not far away, but close; not read, but only viewed book. Is the pond deep? – No, not deep.
Note: it is necessary to distinguish between opposition and conjunction A (particle Not written separately) and contrast with the conjunction But (particle Not spelled together): river not deep, but shallow – river shallow but wide;
2) with relative adjectives (Not summer rain), with qualitative adjectives denoting color (not white, not black), and also with adjectives: not better, not worse, not greater, not less;
3) with adjectives, participles, adverbs oh, oh in the presence of negative pronouns and adverbs, as well as particles far from... not at all... not at all... not at all... (meaning “not at all”, “not at all”).
For example: not interesting to anyone details; never freezing lake; far from smart Human; Absolutely not chance meeting;
4) with short adjectives, if the particle Not with full adjectives it is written separately: the path is not close, and far - the path is not close, but far.
5) with some short adjectives that are rarely used in full form: not needed, not obliged, not intended, does not agree, not happy, should not, is not right, not visible, not heard, not disposed;
6) with verbs, gerunds: didn't recognize; without recognizing.
7) in negative pronouns with prepositions: there is no one to talk to, nothing to reproach; in combinations none other than…; nothing more than: none other than the commander; nothing more than a spark;
8) with full participles in the presence of dependent words, including adverbs more: Not stopping all day rain; not yet blossomed rosebud;
9) with short participles (things not sent); with numerals (not two kilometer); unions (not that rain, not that snow); particles (Not only); prepositions (not with me); personal pronouns (not with me, not him); with comparative adverbs (not better); as well as with adverbs acting as a predicate (not sorry, not necessary, not scary, not visible); with words hardly (almost the first from athletes); in interrogative sentences (Isn't the argument made clear? ).
How to differentiate particle spellings Not And neither
Writing particles Not And neither depends on the semantic meanings they carry in the sentence. Particle Not used as:
Negation (wind Not subsided);
Statement:
a) in exclamatory or interrogative sentences (wherever he has been!);
b) in subordinate tenses with a conjunction not yet (Wait until I come);
Twice no (Not Can Not object). Particle neither used as:
Strengthening negation in sentences with a negative predicate, participles, gerunds (wind didn't subside either for a minute);
Strengthening statements in subordinate clauses; As a rule, such subordinate clauses begin with combinations: whoever, whatever, wherever, wherever, from where, no matter how, no matter how much (Wherever look, there are forests everywhere).
Note: it is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of combinations: not alone (a lot of) - no one (nobody); more than once - a lot (a lot of) - not at all (not at all).
Task 38. Opening the brackets, insert particles Not And neither. Add missing punctuation marks.
1. No matter how (not, not) I tried to drive away from myself the memory of a (stranger), about her companion, about my meetings with them, it kept coming back and pestering me.
2. Who (not, nor) cursed the stationmasters, who (not, nor) scolded them!
3. It seems like a (not, not) unknown force has picked you up on its wing and you are flying and still flying: ... the whole road is flying (not, not) knows where into the disappearing distance.
4. (No, neither) so (is it) that you, Rus', are a lively (not, nor) overtaken troika (not) sitting down? ...everything that (is not, not) on earth flies past and other peoples and states sideways and give way to it.
5. There was a lot of life and truth in his sketches, but (not, not) one of them was (not, not) finished and the drawing seemed to me (not, not) careless and (not, not) true.
6. (Not, not) any mother (not) looked after her child, as Gerasim looked after his pet.
Task 39. Write down the words by opening the brackets. Distribute them into groups: 1) words that are without Not not used; 2) words that, in combination with Not have only negative meaning.
(Not) hatred, (not) satiable, (not) hate, (not) allowed, (not) who, (not) have, (not) debt, (un)bearable, (not) she, (not) himself, (not) to get enough sleep, (not) to build, (not) seeing, (not) although, (not) finding, (not) a friend, but a friend; (negligence), (not) cleanliness, (not) touching.
Task 40. Rewrite the sentences, opening the brackets. Explain the spelling of the particle Not with participles and gerunds.
1. In an extraordinary, never (un)heard of silence, dawn arises.
2. On the streets that had not been swept for a long time, the wind rustled rusty leaves.
4. We wander along those paths where the grass is (not) cut.
5. Above, Stozhary smoldered like a (not) extinguished fire.
6. Memories are (not) yellowed letters, (not) old age, (not) dried flowers and relics, but a living, trembling world full of poetry.
7. Someone knocked on the (in)visible, carpeted door.
8. Every hunter will understand my (un)controllable desire to capture the beast.
9. Only one strip is (not) compressed.
10. Silence, (not) disturbed by either movement or sound, is especially striking.
11. Tatyana loves (not) jokingly.
12. And everyone stopped, (not) wanting to ease the fate of the one who did evil to them, (not) wanting to kill him.
13. He turned around, surprised and (not) perplexed.
Task 41. Using the adjectives below, make up phrases with the following words: not at all (not), not at all (not), far (not).
Cheerful, kind, interesting, noble, funny, intelligent, fat, young, rich, famous.
As practice shows, the particle NOT raises the most questions. Its combined and separate writing with all parts of speech is studied throughout the entire school course. Let's look at some cases.
The verb is rightfully considered the most “moving” part of speech. We describe almost every action we take with its help. Integrated and separate writing begins to be studied in elementary school. This is explained by the fact that this rule is considered the simplest among other parts of speech. The main thing to remember is that a verb will only be written with NOT together in exceptional cases. As a rule, it is characterized only by separate writing.
To avoid mistakes, it is necessary to distinguish the verb from other groups of speech. Remember, he answers questions (inf.) what to do? (do?).
The particle is NOT used separately: NOT seen, NOT informed, DOES NOT speak.
In cases where a word cannot exist without this negative particle, we must turn it into a prefix and write it together.
For example: The boss was indignant about being late.
The weather had been violent since the evening.
There are few such words; they are considered exceptions to this simple rule.
This part of speech is sometimes called the verb form. But it is worth noting that combined and separate writing are strikingly different.
When the word we need with NOT is part of the phrase, in this case we will write it separately.
It is worth recalling the meaning of this term. A participial phrase in Russian is a separate definition expressed by a participle with words dependent on it.
For example: A wind that does not subside even for a minute would be very cold.
In this case, “not subsiding” (proverb) has with it words that are subordinate to it: “not for a minute.” We can say that in this
Now we can have no doubt that this word will be written with the particle NOT only separately.
Let's take another sentence as an example: “The unread magazine was lying on the table.”
In this case, the participle does not have any dependent words. It is a definition subordinate to the word "magazine". There is no revolution here, so we will write the participle together with the particle NOT.
Integrated and separate writing, therefore, depends on its presence or absence.
Quite often, when talking about our main action and using a verb for this purpose, we also talk about another, secondary one. In this case, we will turn to the gerund. This is exactly the function it has: to talk about the additional action of the main one.
This part of speech also causes difficulty with the use of the particle NOT. The combined and separate spelling will be similar to the verb spelling. That is, the gerund is written with NOT in most cases separately: without drawing, without writing, without having fun.
However, here too we will encounter exceptions. Firstly, these are the words that cannot be written without the particle NOT: indignantly, furiously.
Secondly, when two prefixes are combined in a word.
For example: unloving, unfinished, unfinished.
True, some linguists believe that this is one whole morpheme NEDO.
One of the most used and necessary parts of speech in our language. A noun helps us call objects by their proper names and makes our speech varied. It is thanks to him that the lexical composition of the entire Russian language is replenished. Combined and separate writing is regulated by several aspects.
Example: The enemy will never defeat us.
In this sentence, the word with NOT can be replaced with a similar synonymous word “enemy”. In this situation, the noun and the particle must be written together.
If the word cannot be used without NOT, let’s write them together: ignoramus, dunno, fable.
In order for a noun with this particle to be written separately, two conditions are necessary.
The first is the presence of opposition, which is performed using conjunctions ah, but and others.
For example: The boy told his parents a lie.
You need to be more careful when the opposition is not explicit, but only implied: It was not my mother who called on the phone. (And someone else). This is the second condition for separate writing.
The use of the particle NOT (combined and separate spelling) in nouns, adjectives and adverbs is very similar.
In this article, we looked at cases of spelling the particle NOT with some parts of speech. As we were able to notice, there is no single rule on this matter. Integrated and separate writing not with participles, as well as verbs, gerunds and other parts of speech are different. In order to use this particle correctly, you need to ask a question about the word. This will help determine which part of speech is currently being used. After this, we can easily apply the rule necessary for each case. The main thing is to remember that every rule has a number of exceptions.
The rules of the Russian language, which explain when the combined and separate spelling of “not” is used with adjectives, verbs, nouns, adverbs and pronouns, cause disorientation for many people. In this publication, I will try to sort everything out so that anyone who doubts the spelling of a word with a particle or the prefix “not” can quickly find their way.
The first rule says: if a noun cannot be used without the prefix “not,” then the word is written together with it. For example: ignoramus, fable, bad weather, adversity.
The second principle prescribes the continuous spelling of a noun with the specified prefix if the word can be replaced with a synonym. For example, the word “untruth” has a synonym for “lie,” and “enemy” has a synonym for “enemy.”
The third rule notifies that nouns with the particle “not” if the text implies opposition. An example would be the following sentences: “Not the truth, but a lie”, “Not a friend, but an enemy.”
The fourth principle of using the particle “not” indicates that in an interrogative sentence, when the emphasis is on negation, the word is written separately from the particle “not”. An example of such writing: “Natalia was sent on vacation by her husband, wasn’t it?”
The rules explaining how adjectives with “not” are written are practically no different from those given above. But I repeat so that readers do not have any misunderstandings.
1. In the case when it is possible to select a synonym for a word, it should be written together with the prefix. There are quite a few examples: for “small” you can choose the word “small” that is similar in meaning, for “middle-aged” - “old”, for “stale” - “stale”.
2. When an adjective cannot be used without the prefix “not”, it should be written together with it. Examples: homely, careless, ridiculous, insatiable, clumsy, inclement.
3. If there is a contrast with the conjunction “but” in a sentence, it is recommended to write the adjective together with a prefix. For example: “The lake is very shallow, but very cold.”
4. Sometimes the meaning of addition is observed in a sentence, but there is no opposition. In this case, again, the writing must be continuous. For example: “The lake is small, but deep.”
5. When the author of a text tries to emphasize a certain phrase and uses adverbs of measure and degree, he needs to write adjectives with the prefix “not”. Examples: “a completely uninteresting book”, “a completely unimportant event”.
6. If the sentence implies opposition, then it is necessary to write the word separately from the particle “not”. For example: “he is not tall, but short”, “the webinar is not interesting, but boring.”
7. When negation is strengthened in the text, with negative pronouns and particles, separate spelling of the adjective with “not” is observed. For example: “a sculptor unknown to anyone,” “a person unlike anyone else.”
8. In a sentence with a comparative degree of adjectives, you need to write its parts separately. Example: “this dish turned out to be no worse and no better than the previous ones.”
9. There are adjectives whose spelling you just need to remember: not like, not happy, not capable, should not, not obliged, not needed, not ready, does not agree, not right, does not intend, not much.
10. The listed rules are also valid in the case of short adjectives. For example: the river is not wide, the river is not at all wide, the river is not at all wide, the river is absolutely not wide, the river is not wide, but rather narrow.
1. In many cases with verbs there is a separate spelling of “not”. For example: don’t talk, don’t play, don’t study, don’t look, don’t think.
2. However, in the case when it is impossible to use a verb without the prefix “not”, a continuous spelling is observed: indignant, captive, perplexed, dislike.
3. For verbs, a distinction is made between the particle “not” with the prefix do- and the prefix under-. With the latter, the word is written together because there is insufficient action: not watching someone, not watching someone’s actions, not eating enough. In another case, the meaning of the completion of the action is observed, and therefore it is recommended to write the verb separately with “not” and merged with do-: not to finish watching a movie, not to finish eating your muesli because of the rush in the morning.
This part of the publication examines not only participles, but also verbal adjectives. The rules for writing them with the particle “not” are as follows:
1. As is the case with nouns, adjectives and verbs, some participles also cannot be used without the prefix “not”, and therefore are written together: hater, non-comer, indignant.
2. When there is no opposition in a sentence, and there are no dependent words, it is necessary to write the participle with “not” together: an unread manuscript, unprepared documents.
3. In the case when the participle is used together with adverbs of degree and measure, it is written together. For example: “an extremely unprepared student.”
4. One of the rules of the Russian language says that with short participles the particle “not” is written separately. For example: the document is not signed, the manuscript is not prepared.
5. If there is a dependent word near the participle, the first is written separately from “not”. Example: a document not prepared for signature. Here the dependent phrase is “to the signature”.
6. Separate spelling of the participle with the particle “not” is observed in the case when the dependent word is the following combinations: not at all, hardly, far from, almost, not at all. For example: a completely unexplored phenomenon.
7. If there is opposition in a sentence, you need to write the participle with “not” separately: “Not cooked, but spoiled food.”
1. In the case when an adverb is not used without the particle “not”, it must be written together. For example: careless, ridiculous.
2. When is there a combined and separate spelling of “not” with adverbs ending in -o and -e? The first can be noticed if you can find a synonym for the adverb. For example: for the word “inadvertently”, a similar meaning would be “accidentally”.
3. If there is opposition in the sentence, then the adverb is written separately from “not”. Example: “that was not stupid, but smart.”
4. Separate writing is also observed when there are explanatory words in the text. Such as: far from, not at all, not at all, not at all.
5. Some adverbs, therefore, the particle “not” is added to them: not in English, not in the old way.
1. As a rule, the particle “not” is written separately from gerunds. For example: without deciding, without thinking, without counting, without doing, without dividing.
2. But there are cases when a word of this type needs to be written together with the prefix “not”. These include:
- gerunds formed from verbs that cannot be used without “not” (indignant, perplexed);
- those that are formed from verbs with the prefix nedo- (lack of sleep, overlooked).
1. According to the rules of the Russian language, in negative and indefinite pronouns “not” and “ni” are written together when there is no preposition between the prefix and the root. For example: no one, something, none, several, no one.
2. Pronouns are written with “neither” and “not” separately if there is a preposition between the particle and the root. For example: no need, no one, no one, no one, no use.
3. If negation is observed, then the particle “not” is written separately from pronouns and pronominal adverbs: not there, not to everyone, not myself, not here, not anyone, not you, not I.
I think it’s now clear when combined and separate spellings of “not” are used with different parts of speech. By remembering at least some of the rules that were listed in this publication, you can significantly improve the quality of your texts, which means you will have the opportunity to become in demand
Not written together:
1) with all parts of speech that are not used without: ignorant, inclement, absurd, hate, indignant, perplexed, impossible, reluctantly,”
2) with nouns, adjectives and adverbs ending in -о, -е, if they can be replaced with synonyms: enemy (enemy), small (small), not far (close);
3) with adjectives, participles, adverbs starting with -о, -с with the presence of adverbs of degree: very, extremely, very, completely, absolutely, extremely, completely (in the meaning of “absolutely”, “completely”)", an extremely unpleasant incident , a completely unexplored area, speaks very inexpressively;
4) with short adjectives, if the particle is not written together with full adjectives: not a short path - the path is not close,”
5) with verbal adjectives formed from intransitive verbs or transitive verbs of the perfect form with suffixes in -my\ irresistible, immeasurable, indestructible.
Note: not written separately if the dependent words of these verbal adjectives are negative pronouns or nouns, pronouns in the instrumental case: objects not visible to the eye, inexplicable facts,
6) in verbs with the prefix under-, indicating the incompleteness of something: there are five books missing in the pack (but: the child does not reach the table)’,
7) in negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs: no one, nothing, someone, once, nowhere, reluctantly.
Not written separately:
1) if there is or is implied opposition: not luck, but hard work; lives not far away, but close; not read, but only viewed book. Is the pond deep? - No, not deep.
Note: one should distinguish between the opposition with the conjunction a (the particle is not written separately) and the opposition with the conjunction but (the particle is not written together): the river is not deep, but shallow - the river is shallow, but wide’,
2) with relative adjectives (not summer rain), with qualitative adjectives denoting color (not white, not black), as well as with adjectives: not better, not worse, not more, not less’,
3) with adjectives, participles, adverbs starting with o, e in the presence of negative pronouns and adverbs, as well as particles far from... not at all... not at all... not at all... (meaning “not at all” , “not at all”).
For example: details that are not interesting to anyone; never freezing lake; far from being a smart person; not a chance meeting at all;
4) with short adjectives, if the particle is not written with full adjectives separately: the path is not close, but far - the path is not close, but far.
5) with some short adjectives that are not often used in full form: not needed, not obliged, not intended, does not agree, not happy, should not, not right, not seen, not heard, not disposed’,
6) with verbs, gerunds: didn’t recognize; without recognizing.
7) in negative pronouns with prepositions: there is no one to talk to, there is nothing to reproach,” in combinations, none other than,; nothing more than: none other than the commander; nothing more than a spark,”
8) with full participles in the presence of dependent words, including the adverb yet: rain that does not stop all day; a rosebud that has not yet blossomed"
9) with short participles (things were not sent)', with numerals (not two kilometers)', conjunctions (either rain or snow)', particles (not only)', prepositions (not with me)', personal pronouns (not with me, not him)", with adverbs in the comparative degree (no better)", as well as with adverbs acting as a predicate (it’s not a pity, it’s not necessary, it’s not scary, it’s not visible)’, with the words hardly (hardly not the first of the athletes)", in interrogative sentences (is an unclear argument given?).
How to distinguish between the spelling of particles not and neither
The spelling of particles does not and does not depend on the semantic meanings that they carry in a sentence.
The particle is not used as:
Denial (the wind did not subside)",
Statement:
a) in exclamatory or interrogative sentences (where he has been!)",
b) in subordinate tenses with the conjunction not yet (wait until I come) ",
Double negative (I can't help but object).
The particle is not used as:
Strengthening negation in sentences with a negative predicate, participles, gerunds (the wind did not subside for a minute)’,
Strengthening statements in subordinate clauses; As a rule, such subordinate clauses begin with combinations: who neither, that nor, where neither, where nor, from where neither, no matter how, no matter how much (wherever you look, there are forests everywhere). Note: it is necessary to distinguish between spelling and
readings: not one (many) - none (nobody); more than once - quite a lot (a lot) - not at all (not at all).
Remember to spell difficult words!
1. Unstressed vowels at the root of the word: bless, mangled, incomprehensible, luxurious, diminish (merit); beg (for help).
2. Unverifiable vowels in the root of the word: adventure, crimson, burgundy, veteran, virtuoso, amateur, conductor, thoroughly, melancholy, philanthropist, miniature, component, compliment, swindler, obsession, nihilist, obelisk, halo, numb, paradox, perspective, repertoire, sentimentalism, phenomenon, chameleon, experiment, elegy, encyclopedia.
3. Alternating vowels in the root of the word: campaign (military, public), company (group of people), to be late.
4. Voiced and voiceless consonants at the root of the word: carry (firewood), conduct (conversation), intersperse (disturb), intersperse (alternate), hoarfrost (freeze), drizzle (drizzle), request.
5. Consonants in prefixes: countless, incident, excessive, extraordinary, excessive.
6. Difficult words: airmail, military leader, world famous, chronology, socio-political (situation), forty years old, selfishness.
7. Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word: gratuitous, idle, peers.
Remember the spelling of words that do not have unpronounceable consonants: vile, former, student, terrible.
8. Prefixes pre and pre\
continuously, incessantly, forward, legend, president, presidium, grovel, challenger, unapproachable, whimsical, privilege, come, adventure, unvarnished, biased, tolerate.
9. Double consonants:
abstract, appeal, buzz, fiction, intelligentsia, occupation, burned, passive, director, burned, effect.
Double consonants are not written in the words: gallery, humanism, drama, caricature, quantity, resources,
10. Letters o and e after sibilants and c: major, overnight, generally, burn (noun), burn (verb), slum, prim, shock, rustle, highway.
11. Letters ы and и after ц: initiative, scanty, citadel, quote.
12. The letters a, n, u are placed after hissing ones. Exception: brochure, jury, parachute.
13. Separating ъ and ь: adjutant, non-nuclear, injection, supernatural, trilingual (dictionary), courier, rearguard, battalion, fights, curls, companion, pavilion, premiere, play.
14. The letters s instead of and after prefixes: unprincipled, unknown, uninitiative, artless, prehistory (but: counter-play, inter-institutional, super-refined).
15. Spelling of the letters e and i in the endings of singular nouns: in frost, in the museum, about a work, on the coast, in happiness, about Marya, to Mary, in bed; upon completion of work; upon expiration of the term; upon graduation; upon arrival in the city; due to illness.
16. Spelling of noun suffixes: majority, pupil, chosen one, quantity, minority, loneliness, dowry, confused, toiler, straw, dozen, thawed patch, pearl.
17. Spelling of verbs: grind - grind - grind; torment - torments - torments - tormented; crawl - crawl;
come - will come, will come; puff - puff, puff; lay - lay, spread; pour - pour, pour.
18. Neither nn in different parts of speech:
spoiled, mediocre, mad, abandoned, gifted, length (noun), long (cr. adj.), planner, expected, desired, called, gold-forged, lightly wounded (term); lightly wounded, deprived, Maslenitsa, unexpected, unwritten, unheard of, captive, intelligent, betrothed, young, young.
The particle is not written together:
1. In all cases when a word is not used without a particle, for example: adversity, homely, indignant, unbearable, impossible, really.
2. With nouns, adjectives and adverbs ending in -о, -е, if the particle gives the word a new, opposite meaning (such words can often be replaced with words that are similar in meaning, but not without a particle), for example: misfortune (trouble), not bad ( good), not good (bad).
Note.
Sometimes a double understanding of the text is possible depending on the combined or separate spelling of words with a particle, cf.: inexpensive coat (it is stated that the coat is cheap) - not an expensive coat (it is only denied that the coat is expensive; it should be understood that it is of average cost). Wed. also: paid inexpensively - paid not expensively.
3. With full participles, for which there are no explanatory words, for example: uncompleted task, unnoticed mistakes. Wed: assignment not completed on time, mistakes not noticed by the teacher.
4. In indefinite and negative pronouns used without prepositions, for example: someone, something, no one, nothing (cf.: I have no one, nothing, etc.).
5. In the verb prefix nedo-, denoting non-compliance with the required norm, for example: not looking after the patient (badly, not looking attentively).
Note.
Verbs with the prefix do-, used with negation, should not be distinguished from verbs with a prefix. These verbs, written inseparably from the particle, denote an action that was not completed: not watching a TV show, etc.
6. In pronouns and verbal adverbs, for example: there is no place, there is no time, there is no place, there is no place, there is no need; reluctantly, despite, despite.
The particle is not written separately:
1. With verbs, including participial forms, for example: he cannot help but say without looking back.
Exceptions: numb, numb, numb.
2. With participles in a short form, for example: the plan has not been completed, the story has not been written.
3. With full participles with explanatory words, for example: a flaw not noticed by the inspector, a story not published during the author’s lifetime.
Note.
Participles that turn into adjectives are not written together with the particle and in the presence of explanatory words: lands untouched for centuries, etc.
4. With nouns, adjectives, adverbs, if there is or is implied opposition, for example: He is not a friend, but an adversary. This is not true (what is?). The singing is not cheerful, but sad. This person is not kind (what kind?). It's not far to go to the station, but close. The doctor will see the patient, but not today (but when?).
Note.
From the opposition expressed by the conjunction a, when one of the two opposite characteristics is denied, one should distinguish the opposition expressed by the conjunction but, when there are no concepts opposed to each other and both characteristics are attributed to the object. Wed: The water in the bay is not cold, but warm. - The water in the bay is not cold, but salty.
5. With numerals, pronouns, intensifying adverbs, as well as with adverbs that are not correlative with adjectives, used as a predicate of an impersonal sentence (with impersonal predicative words, or words of the state category), for example: not five, not six; not me, not that one; not very, not quite; no need, no regrets.
Notes.
1. In negative pronouns, the particle is not written separately if they are used with prepositions: not with anyone, not about anything, etc. 2. The philosophical term not-I is written with a hyphen. Similar individual-author spellings of particles with nouns are also possible: It was no-love, no-meeting, no-hope, no-hello, no-life. (Axen.)
The particle is not written together:
1. In pronouns, if they are used without prepositions, for example: no one, no one, nothing, nothing, no, no one’s, no one, no one’s (cf.: with no one, about anything, with any, etc.). 2. In the adverbs nowhere, in any way, never, nowhere, not at all, from nowhere, not at all, not at all and in a particle of something.
In all other cases, the particle is not written separately from the words it stands in front of.
Notes.
1. It is necessary to distinguish the expressions no one else (other) and nothing else (other) from the expressions no one else (other), like and nothing else (other), as. Combinations with the pronouns no one and nothing are usually used in sentences that already contain a negation, for example: a) No one else can do this; b) Nothing else but music captivates him. Combinations with the pronouns who and what and the particle not, written separately, are used in sentences in which there is no other negation, but there is a conjunction, such as: a) It was none other than the front commander himself; b) The cause of the misunderstanding was nothing more than a simple typo. 2. You need to remember the spelling of such stable phrases: by all means, wherever, whatever, as if nothing had happened, whenever, whoever you are, wherever you come from .
Exercise 233. Explain the combined and separate spelling of the particle no.
I. 1. It was bad weather. Onezhka shivered in the cold. (Zalyg.) 2. Alyosha moved to Zakhar Makarych’s shuttle. The two of them, using two dry forks, made their way to the unlucky hunter. (Trip.) 3. Nearby there is a blown up tank, large, spotted. (A.) 4. I feel that someday we will collide with him on a narrow road, and one of us will be in trouble. (L.) 5. Kapanadze felt creepy. If this is a deception, boom, a scam, then he is a willing or unwilling accomplice of the swindlers! (Polev.) 6. Ivan was young and inexperienced in everyday affairs. (Babaev.) 7. With eloquence unusual for her, the girl animatedly talked with the bearded man. (Polev.) 8. “External signs, Kuzmich, are not the main thing,” Skuratov objected. (Babaev.) 9. The patient only occasionally, and then not for long, came to his senses. (Fedos.) 10. Unregulated mechanization worked intermittently. (Field) 11. The foundation was laid, but there was nothing to build the walls with. (Babaev.) 12. Rozhdestvensky believed too much in his own strength, considering himself a genius, but underestimated the abilities of his opponent. (N.-Pr.) 13. The motorcyclist also demanded his identification, struck a match and read until it burned down to his nails. (A.N.T.) 14. The area around was flat, there was nowhere to hide on it. (Field.) 15. The train dragged along reluctantly, like all commuter trains. (Fed.)
II. 1. Even the bird does not fly to him, and the tiger does not come: only a black whirlwind will run into the tree of death. (P.) 2. Young trees wither on the vine, not reaching the light. (Fedos.) 3. We have achieved what we wanted, but the journey is far from over. (Fedos.) 4. The sun, with splashes of bright light, explodes the taiga, which has not yet had time to shake off the peace of the night. (Fedos.) 5. The car slowly deployed in a small area, which was surrounded by buildings of modest architecture that had not yet been completed. (Polev.) 6. Slowing down his pace, Nikolai Vsevolodovich bent down to look, as far as possible in the darkness: a man of short stature and seemingly a tradesman who had gone on a spree; not dressed warmly and unsightly. (Vol.) 7. Not an old hat at all, but a very modern hat. And a watch in a nickel bracelet carelessly thrown on the table. (Paust.) 8. Or start a dairy cattle farm. Just not the kind that are on the farms, twenty little cows, and even those are not purebred - truly goats! (Babaev) 9. Brown eyes with golden rims, where shadows lurk, look not angrily and without pain. (Stelm.) 10. The garden is small, but the apple trees in it are large. (Deputy) 11. You are amazed - there is nothing to look at, but if you put it in the water, it will seem to come to life. (Fedos.)
Exercise 234. Rewrite, opening the parentheses.
1. The guy seems naked, there’s (not) anything to take from him. (P.) 2. (Not) where in the distant kingdom, in the thirtieth state, lived the glorious king Dadon. (P.) 3. It’s boring in the village, dirt, (not) cold weather, autumn wind, light snow. (P.) 4. The letter he sent last night probably (not) arrived yet. (L.T.) 5. Andrei (un)voluntarily stopped at the sight of a Catholic monk, who aroused such (un)hateful contempt in the Cossacks. (G.) 6. Efimkin, already accustomed to the fact that he was (not) liked at MTS, approached them with an air as if he was really guilty of something. (Nick.) 7. Spies and gendarmes rush along the train, (not) looking at the pouring rain. (Paul.) 8. (Didn’t) really the geeks who blew up this building also once go to school? (Stelm.) 9. Some (not) young, FAT man, kneeling, carefully sculpted a huge female profile out of sand. (Chuck.) 10. There was an (un) touched silence, which precedes the first bird voices. (Fed.) 11. In general, the usual Ragozin rule was justified - to solve everything (not) slowly, but (not) to rush. (Fed.) 12. To the right of the pass, where the dog is dragging me, you can see a large circus, edged with high and already collapsed rocks. On the approaches to it, the place is (not) steep, hilly, all full of potholes. (Fedos.) 13. Filka pretends to grimace, as if from a bruise, and hides the (not) lit cigarette back in the box. (Fedos.) 14. There are long snowstorms here. The wind is our (not) happiness. (Fedos.)
Exercise 235. Rewrite, opening the parentheses.
1. Suddenly Vladimir appeared among the people and abruptly said, “(There is) no need for a doctor, the priest has died.” (P.) 2. Nature is (not) a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it. (T.) 3. “Well, what places do you think this man is from?” - “God knows, master, it’s (not) written on his forehead.” (Mark.) 4. They returned, but the three promised each other - someday, maybe (not) soon, maybe very (not) soon, but definitely to reach Ust-Chara... (Zalyg.) 5. Light, as if faded hair. And the same bright, intent, almost (not) blinking eyes. (Chuck.) 6. One Sunday Kostya appeared on the street (not) barefoot, as usual, but in rope shoes. (Kok.) 7. Hanna suddenly felt surprisingly (not) confident, (not) courageous, she walked carefully, as if she was afraid of some kind of (un)expectation. (Mel.) 8. Bulgakov was sad. He (could not) stop his writing thoughts. (I couldn’t) throw my imagination away. There is no worse execution and there cannot be one for a person who writes. (Paust.) 9. Major General Pavlov actually appeared exactly ten minutes later. Tall and somewhat dry, he entered the reception area with a (not) hasty but firm gait. (Pisces) 10. If you steal her eggs little by little, (not) all at once, but leave one or two, the bird (not) realizes that she is missing. (Fedos.) 11. The woman, (without) taking her eyes off us, took out from her bosom a pipe with a straight long stem. (Fedos.)
Exercise 236. Rewrite, opening the parentheses.
1. That's who you are! But I (don’t) remember you... Then I was still a child... There, on the bridge, I saw you and thought: no, this is (not) ours, (not) Zhuravlinsky, but a business trip. (Babaev.) 2. Ivan Lukich smoked and averted his eyes. Skuratov was also silent, and this silence was both (un)pleasant and painful. (Babaev.) 3. Immediately behind the (not) visible street, the (not) calm March sky fell into dark arable land. Stars shone between the clouds and in the brittle branches of a lonely charred tree, and (not) far from them or very close to them a girl’s song flowed. (Stelm.) 4. His gaze was lowered and moved with (dis)like the scattered papers on the table. (Fed.) 5. The September chill remained (untouched) in the forest shade. (Fed.) 6. Events far removed in history responded from the past with their (not) dying meaning. (Fed.) 7. There (wasn’t) any bite. The floats seemed to be frozen into the (not) moving, metallic surface of the water. (Fed.) 8. What Ilya expected, everything came true. But why now does he need to convince himself that he really was waiting for this to come true? Why does it seem (not) guessed, (not) expected? (Fed.) 9. Collected, restrained, (not) allowing himself and (not) approving of excessive sociability in others, he apparently had difficulty squeezing a smile on his face. (Polev.) 10. It seemed that there, behind the ramparts of the upturned earth, aliens from some other, (un) known planet, building something understandable and necessary only for them, were mercilessly stirring up the earth’s womb. (Polev.) 11. Even (not) people Kukushkin, who seemed to be at odds with the whole world, received letters from his mother. (Field) 12. In any construction there is a category of workers who (do not) make big claims to the housing administration and the economic part. (Polev.) 13. Kapanadze once loved to observe the transformation of simple, sometimes (un)couth young recruits into disciplined, well-trained Sailors. (Field.)
Exercise 237. Explain the combined and separate spelling of the particles not and neither.
1. Night came, no one slept in the city of sleepless eyes. (P.) 2. The rustling of stones bursts into the silence, which has not yet been disturbed by anyone. (Fedos.) 3. I have never seen anything like this either before or after. (Fedos.) 4. Krylov acted like a cuckoo chick: he pushed everything that bothered him out of the nest, he did not get along with anyone, he absorbed old thunderstorm theories one after another, and there was no talk of any influx . (Gran.) 5. Incredible: Senya never made excuses to anyone. (Lyg.) 6. The soldier hesitated, awkwardly shifting from foot to foot. He could not imagine that after such noise a peaceful conversation could suddenly begin. (Pisces) 7. Wherever a person is lost, in the mountains or in the taiga, it is equally bad. (Fedos.) 8. Sliding under the wire, Melnikov pressed himself so tightly to the ground that not a single metal needle touched the overcoat. (Ryb.) 9. Tomsky’s words were nothing more than mazurochka chatter. (P.) 10. Rostov recognized Napoleon. It couldn't be anyone else. (L.T.) 11. Suddenly, out of nowhere, a winged serpent flies into the window. (P.) 12. Mitka, as if nothing had happened, approached Ilya. (Ivan.)
Exercise 238. Rewrite, opening the brackets and explaining the spelling of the particles not and neither.
1. In Traktovaya there is a cinema, shops, and a House of Culture, and it is always crowded. What's in Priskorbny? (Nothing. The huts stand alone, like orphans, and in the evenings in the farm it is quiet, as in a grave: (neither) an accordion can be heard, (nor) girls’ voices. (Babaev.) 2. The sleds cling to the trees, the harness straps break, but no one has the strength to tie them up. (Fedos.) 3. I will subjugate others to myself, (neither) anything else I so (don’t) desire, (nor) (because of) what I don’t live as much as because of this desire! (Zalyg.) 4. Suddenly I was overcome by an (un)surmountable desire to immediately run to the hospital and see her at all costs. (Deputy) 5. This (not) famous collector was (none) other than Merimee, a sharp and original writer. (P.) 6. In the forest, no matter what (no) happened, spring life continued. (Ex.) 7. At meetings, Bochkarev hid in the far corner, (never) when you (not) forced him to speak. (Gran.) 8. There was (not) a soul visible around - (no) man, (no) horse, (no) bird, (no) car. The castle seemed (un)inhabited. (Paust.) 9. The geologist was a good-natured, silent person and (did not) interfere with anyone. (Paust.) 10. I (didn’t) know then that these poems (not) by Bagritsky, but by some other poet. But Bagritsky obviously considered this circumstance (not) significant, since he (didn’t) tell me anything about it. (Paust.)
Exercise 239.
1. (N...) knowledge in physics, and in music, an expert heard a nightingale singing on a branch. (Kr.) 2. Pavel Aleksandrovich went out into the hallway and was already putting on his fur coat, when suddenly, out of (n...) come from, Nastasya Petrovna. (Adv.) 3. Bright, shiny on everything, but (n...) hot sun, streams and thawed patches, fragrant freshness in the air. (L.T.) 4. On the table is a thimble, a spool of thread, (n...) a finished stocking. (Ch.) 5. Suddenly the thought stops - and (n...) from its place. The head is stuffed tightly, like a sack of flour, - (n...) to break through. (Fed.) 6. I am warmly grateful to my native Academy for its greetings and good wishes. What (n...) I do, I constantly think that I serve with this, as much as my strength allows me, first of all, my fatherland, our Russian science. (Pavlov.) 7. Volodin looked at the lieutenant colonel as if he were a hero, completely forgetting about the (n...) friendly feeling that he felt for him yesterday. (An.) 8. Why (n...) is spring always on earth? (Fedos.) 9. The old man’s hair (n...) is supple, curled in small rings. (Lip.) 10. The apple trees faded, covering the ground with white and pale pink fragrant powder (n...) of the petals that had still managed to fade. (Alex.) 11. With (n...) the expected humility, the girl, getting on her skis, moved in the indicated direction. (Field.) 12. The helicopter is rising, the taiga is already (n...) a snow-covered sea with a large green wave, and something like a mosaic field. (Field.)
Exercise 240. Rewrite by omitting the brackets and inserting the missing letters.
1. Believe, wherever I (n...) were, my soul, as it (n...) is, belongs to you and to those whom I knew how to love. (P.) 2. Meanwhile, the girls sang, and Natasha Pytina was especially zealous. Burning all over, she looked at the groom with wide open, (n...) blinking eyes with (n...) her characteristic courage. (Alex.) 3. You are neat - this is true, but it is also true that you sometimes abuse this wonderful quality and make it even (n...) convenience, and (n...) convenience. (Lesk.) 4. In spring and summer (n...) what comes to mind (n...) besides the farm. (Nick.) 5. A flock of bullets passed overhead with (n...) a loud, barely perceptible whistle, stirring up (n...) moving hot air. (An.) 6. Dina even raised herself on her elbow to see how Litvinov, who clearly (n...) wants to initiate anyone (n...) into his negotiations with Innokenty Sedykh, would answer. (Polev.) 7. Ragozin bowed his head - (n...) in agreement, but with the expression that, supposedly, (n...) only can understand Izvekov’s offense, but it’s very good that he was offended. (Fed.) 8. Melnikov spent the whole day thinking about his wife and children. Wherever (n...) went, what (n...) took on, the high deck of the steamship and painfully familiar faces stood before my eyes. (Pisces) 9. (N...) ten minutes passed before almost the whole company gathered around the accordionist. (Pisces) 10. Yulia Pavlovna flashed a scattering of her marigolds, however, straightening her (n...) much (n...) disturbed hairstyle. (Fed.) 11. The trees stand closely, calmly, (n...) one branch will snap (n...). (Fedos.) 12. It’s impossible to linger (n...) for a minute: the cold penetrates through. (Fedos.)
Exercise 241. Rewrite by omitting the brackets and inserting the missing letters.
1. I bow to Schneider: (n...) who (n...) I see here and (n...) who I should ask about his introduction. (P.) 2. Vera is kind and smart, but a wild (not...) people person, (n...) gets into (n...) what. (Goth.) 3. At first (n...) forty people were counted, but then they crawled (n...) how many people were lagging behind and (n...) wounded. (S.-C.) 4. Ivan Lukich thought about that strange “ceiling” that, it turns out, exists even in the sky. And, in fact, it was the heavenly ceiling that surprised and puzzled him, but the earthly ceiling, which, it turns out, also (n...) who (n...) saw. (Babaev.) 5. No matter how (n...) a sad and (n...) pleasantly abandoned place is, no matter how (n...) you are burdened by staying in it, regret, and perhaps love, always remains in your soul. (Paust.) 6. We will tell about this woman (n...) in a hurry, (n...) omitting (n...) the slightest details from her (n...) easy life... (Babaev.) 7. The river (n...) is green, (n...) blue, (n...) brown, but just black. (Lip.) 8. I sit on a stone - the light (n...) is nice, (n...) for which (n...) I’m glad. (Fedos.) 9. After sleep (n...) the working day slowly begins, (n...) when you stretch and (n...) live in bed. (Fedos.) 10. Behind the muddy curtain of the snowstorm (n...) what (n...) is visible, only occasionally one comes across rocky ravines and orphan larch trees, fortunately (n...) settled in this cold and gloomy gorge. (Fedos.) 11. It was (n...) an internal struggle, but only thinking about something (n...) clear, still (n...) mature, but already born in him. (Fedos.)
Exercise 242. Rewrite by omitting the brackets and inserting the missing letters.
There are whole periods of life that you (n...) want to remember. And (n...) because some (n...) are associated with them, be it our mistakes, (n...) happiness or (n...) good luck. In (n...) luck, as my father told me, there are also good sides.
No, (n...) because of these reasons, I (n...) sometimes want to return my memory to the past. There is no desire to remember about (n...) which years because they (n...) added something (n...) to the idea of real life that each of us has. On the contrary, they even cut down this idea.
It was such a bad time when I left the newspaper “On the Watch” in the summer of 1924 and went to work at the ROSTA telegraph agency. Fraerman, who moved to Moscow from Tiflis, dragged me there.
At first, I earned very little money from ROSTA. I was still living in Pushkin and (n...) how (n...) could I arrange my life more tolerably. Every month, about ten days before payday, I ran out of money. There was still somehow enough for food, but there was some left over for cigarettes (n...).
“Shooting” cigarettes from friends and acquaintances was (n...) clever and in the end (n...) possible. This activity also had its limits. Then I completely (n...) unexpectedly discovered a simple and free way to obtain tobacco.
I went out in Pushkin to the Northern Railway track and walked along the tracks, picking up all the cigarette butts and so-called “bulls” thrown by passengers from the windows of the cars. On the way from Pushkin to Klyazma, in some (n...) three kilometers, I usually collected up to two hundred cigarette butts.
Gradually, I accumulated valuable observations on both cigarette butts and smokers. (N...) which smokers I despised, but for others, really for (n...) many, I felt sympathy and gratitude.
(N...) I fell in love with those who smoked cigarettes to the cardboard mouthpiece. Obviously, these were prudent and stingy people.
I treated smokers with approval (n...) zealous and capricious. They (n...) when (n...) finished smoking cigarettes to the end, and often threw them away after one or two puffs.
(K. G. Paustovsky)
