Lesson topic: Connecting vowels o - e in complex words (6th grade) (Slide 1)
Motto:“I cannot live without intense mental work. The meaning of life disappears" (Sherlock Holmes) (Slide 2)
Target:
1) Know: about the formation of complex words from the stems of original words using connecting vowels o - e.
2) Be able to: choose the connecting vowels o - e correctly in complex words.
3) Developmental: develop the ability to independently acquire knowledge; develop mental operations: analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, as well as attention, memory, logical thinking; develop cognitive and creative abilities through a variety of activities.
4) Educational: awakening cognitive interest in Russian language lessons and surrounding phenomena. (Slide 3)
Equipment: Computer, presentation (Application), cards.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment
introduction
Task: Organize students' attention, ensure full readiness for work, familiarize themselves with the work plan.
The bell rang, and we met again at the next lesson, which I would like to begin with the words of Sherlock Holmes: “I cannot live without intense mental work. The meaning of life is disappearing,” which will become the motto of our lesson. (Slide 2)
II. Updating knowledge (Slide 4)
Task: Set up students to perceive new material, repeat material about ways to form words.
Exercise: Read the poem “Merry Poems” and tell how words are formed in the Russian language.
Funny poems
How words grow
Once upon a time many years ago
They planted a strange garden.
There was no fruit garden -
He was only a word.This word is the root word,
It began to grow soon
And it brought us fruit -
There are many new words.Here from the garden
Seedlings for you.
Here are some more landings nearby.
Here's a gardener.
The gardener goes with him.
Very interesting
Walk in the verbal garden.
(E. Izmailov)
III. New material
Task: Providing perception of comprehension and primary memorization of knowledge.
1. Research work
Listen to the poem from the program “Baby Monitor” and say what method of word formation it talks about.
The plane flies forward
The locomotive is not far behind
Even at sea a steamer
It also speeds up.Everyone is in a hurry to find out
How to write them correctly
- These difficult words
They can't stand the letter A.And if you put the letter O -
The speed will be - wow!
The cook cooks the porridge,
The steelmaker cooks steel for us,
The horse is led by a horse breeder,
In the sea - the sailor is sailing.All names are good
Just write it correctly.
We are inside these words
Let's not put the letter I,
And let's write E - then
Everyone will say: “This is yes!”
Compound words from the poem are written on the board. (Slide5)
According to the rule mentioned in the poem, insert the missing letters.
The vowels you inserted are called connecting vowels. Why do you think?
Carefully examine both columns and try to formulate a rule for choosing a connecting vowel. Compare it with the rule in the textbook (p. 74).
Formulate the topic of the lesson. What challenges will we face? What should we learn in class? Where will this knowledge be useful?
(Slide 6)
And now my rule about writing connecting vowels O and E when adding words:
There are only two of these vowels:
Letter O and letter E.
If the consonant sound is hard,
The letter O fits here.
If this sound is soft,
Write the letter E here.
What words are called compound words?
When is the connective o written, and when is the connective e written in compound words?
Make a reference diagram based on the rule you have learned. (Slide 7)
IV. Consolidation of acquired knowledge
Task: Consolidate the acquired knowledge and begin to develop skills in its application.
Intermediate control: monitoring the assimilation of new knowledge.
1. Linguistic mystery (Slide 8)
Can algae grow on land? Find the answer in the word.
2. Vocabulary work (Slide 9)
MANAGER is a specialist who is involved in organizing production or commercial activities, organizing foreign trade operations; conducts commercial negotiations.
3. Game "Purchasing Manager"(Slide 10)
Level "5"
Imagine that you are a purchasing manager. Make a list of vehicles whose names would contain the connecting vowels o - e.
Level "4"
"Silent dictation." Write names based on the pictures.
4 . Game "On the Labor Exchange"(Slide 11)
Level "5"
Imagine that you are a manager at a labor exchange. Make a list of professions and occupations needed by our collective farm and region that would have the connecting vowels e - o?
Level “4” (Slide 10)
"Silent dictation." Write the names of the professions and occupations needed by our collective farm, region, in which there would be connecting vowels e - o from the pictures.
Make up sentences. Explain punctuation marks, make a diagram.
5 . Form complex words and complete the sentence(Slide 12)
Any professional activity requires a person to:
6. Choose an antonym (Slide 13)
Hostile attitude - ... (friendly)
Lazy student - ... (hardworking)
Serious young man - ... (frivolous)
7. Fill in the square with the crossing words with compound words.
1. Specialist in growing gardens.
2. Locomotive with a steam engine.
3. Channel for smoke exit from the chimney.
4. Russian folk dance game.
5. Forest felled by a storm.
6. Unplanned, spontaneous performance of some business or work.
7. Firearms.
8. Game "Third Man" (Slide 14)
1. Water... wire, earth... shaking, thunder... drain.
2. Water... measure, rain... measure, land... division.
3. Life... description, potatoes... molding stick, books... printing .
9. Working with cards. check yourself
10. Study of the text. Independent work. (The work is done on cards) (Slide 15-16)
Level "5"
Exercise: Read the text. Why is it titled like that? Find and write down the misspelled words.
Stove on wheels.
Guys, remember how Emelya, the fool from the fairy tale “At the Pike’s Command,” rode on the stove straight into the royal chambers? So, “a fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it.” People have long dreamed of moving quickly and without the help of a horse: of a magic carpet, seven-league boots, and, at worst, a self-moving stove. Whatever the first inventors came up with: they added pedals, levers, even sails to an ordinary cart, but the cart never moved.
The French engineer Cugnot achieved success for the first time. He “harnessed” the steam engine to the cart, and it set off. The inventor gave his brainchild a name - “car”, which means “self-propelled”. Rumbling and puffing, he crawled over potholes: in front of him was a steam copper boiler, behind him was a heavy box of coal, on a bench the driver would drive a little and stop: he needed to get off and add coal to the firebox so that it wouldn’t go out and so that the steam in the boiler wouldn’t run out - after all, he That's what pushes the car. There is no steam and the wheels don't work. The driver had to stoker every now and then. It was not for nothing that he was called a driver, and “chauffeur” translated from French means “stoker.” So it turns out that the first cars were nothing more than a stove on wheels. (N. Sanina)
1)___________________________ |
2)______________________ |
3)___________________________ |
4)______________________ |
5)___________________________ |
6)_______________________ |
A lie, a long time ago, on an airplane, self-propelled, attached, heavy.
Level "4"
Exercise: Read the text. Why is it titled like that? Fill in the missing letters and open the brackets. Underline complex words and highlight their roots. From what words and how are they formed?
Stove on wheels.
Guys, remember how Emelya, the fool from the fairy tale “By the Pike’s Command,” rode...on the stove... straight to the royal chambers...? So, “ska(z,s)ka is a lie(?), yes (in) it is a hint.” People have long dreamed of moving(?) quickly and without help. horses: about... time...flight, seven-league boots, at worst, and about the...moving stove itself.... Whatever the first inventors...thought out: pr... they made pedals, levers, even put sails (on) it to an ordinary t...leg, but the t...leg wouldn’t budge.
For the first time, the French engineer Cunho achieved success. He “harnessed” a steam engine to the cart, and it set off. The inventor gave his brainchild a name - “car”, which means “self...moving”. Rumbling and puffing, he crawled over potholes: (c) in front of a steam copper boiler, (c) behind a heavy box with coal, on a bench in... the driver, drives a little and stops (?) : you need to get down and throw coal into the firebox so that it (doesn’t) go out and so that the steam in the boiler (doesn’t) run out - after all, it’s the one that’s pushing the... tire. There is no steam, and the forests (not) work. Every now and then the driver had to...cook. It’s not for nothing that they called him a cha...fer, and “ch...fer” means “stoker” in French. So it turns out that the first cars were nothing more than a stove on wheels. (N. Sanina.)
V. Reflection
Task: Provide an analysis and assessment of the success of achieving the goal.
What new have you learned?
Have we achieved the goal of the lesson?
Exercise "Profi". Based on your future profession, why do you need to study this topic?
VI. Homework (students' choice)(Slide 17-18)
Literature
At the beginning of foreign words, if pronounced e , written yo , For example: yogi, iodine, yoghurt, yeoman, yorkshire, not one bit(But: ions, Jordanian– with separate pronunciation of initial vowel sounds).
In complex words, after the stem, a connecting vowel is written on the hard consonant O , after the base to a soft consonant, to a sibilant and ts – connecting vowel e . For example: homebody, skin eater, bird catcher, False Dmitry I.
In some cases the final soft consonant v, n, r, t the first stem is pronounced firmly and after it a connecting vowel is written O (in parallel with these words, those in which, according to the rule, it is written e ). For example: long-range - long-range, quarry - stone crusher, horse thief - horse breeder, bone-carver - bone-crushing, bloodthirsty - blood-bearing, chant - song-making. Wed. various educations after foundation on ts : trapezoid – trapezoidal – trapezoidal – trapezohedron(not all of these formations distinguish two bases in the Russian language).
It is necessary to distinguish between compound words with connecting vowels and compound words without a connecting vowel. Wed: psychotherapy(psycho + therapy) – psychasthenia(psych + asthenia).
In some compound words, the first part is the word in its initial form, for example: time calculation, pastime; cotyledon, seed stalk, ovule(cf.: seed production, seed storage– with a connecting vowel).
Without a connecting vowel, terms like nitrogen-fixing, forward-looking, oxygen-containing and so on.
The letter is saved A at the end of the element air (short for aviation), forming the first part of compound words like airbase, airborne troops, airmail, air unit and so on.
With a case ending in the first part, words arising from phrases are formed crazy, crazy and so on.
In the form of the genitive case without a connecting vowel, numerals are included in compound words, for example: three-meter, five-time, seven-year. Exceptions are numerals one, ninety, one hundred And thousand, For example: one-year, ninetieth, hundredfold, thousandth. Numeral fourty as part of compound words it is used in two forms: without a connecting vowel ( forty days) and with a connecting vowel ( magpie, centipede- not in the literal meaning of the account).
It is necessary to distinguish between complex words and words in which two stems are not distinguished in the Russian language. Wed: gas pipeline - gasification, electrician - electrification.
Note 1. Foreign language prefixes are written together on a common basis anti-, arch-, hyper-, inter-, infra-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, ultra-, extra- etc., for example: anti-people(But: Anti-Duhring– in the function of a proper name), archiplut, hypersound, international, infrared, counterproposal(But: rear admiral, where the first part has a different meaning), post-impressionism(preserving the initial root And ), post-romanticism(cf. the continuous spelling of the same prefix in words of foreign origin indivisible into morphemes: postscript, after the fact and so on.), dust jacket, subtropics, Trans-Siberian, ultrasound, trendy, extraordinary(But: extra mail, extra class– before a noun).
Note 2. The initial components are written together quasi-, pseudo-, pan- , For example: quasi-scientific, pseudo-classical, pan-German(But: quasi-Pushkin, pan-Europe etc. – before proper names
Pedagogical tasks: create conditions for realizing the goal of learning to form and write complex words.
Planned educational outcomes:
Educational: learn to form complex words using connecting vowels oh, oh, will be able to extract information from different sources.
Communicative: organize conditions for communication when working in pairs, the ability to construct a statement that is understandable for listeners, ask clarifying questions, formulate simple conclusions, use intonation expressiveness.
Personal: use learned work techniques to solve educational problems; exercise self-control when completing written assignments; realize the need for self-improvement; They express a desire to learn new activities, achieve positive work results, and also strive to give people warmth and care.
Teaching aids: textbook, computer, presentation, test, cards, set of colored pencils, “flower-seven-flower” drawing.
During the classes
I. Greeting guests. Checking readiness for the lesson.
We have guests in class, welcome them.
Emotional mood for the lesson (dialogue between teacher and students).
Now check it out, my friend,
Are you ready to start the lesson?
- Is everything in place?
- Is everything all right?
- Pen and notebook?
- Hands? (On the spot)
- Legs? (On the spot)
- Elbows? (At the edge)
- The back? (Straight)
Draw a green triangle in the margin if you want to understand everything in class, work well, think. If in doubt, draw a yellow triangle. And at the end of the lesson, you will correlate your goals at the beginning of the lesson with what you will achieve at the end of the lesson (green triangle - everything worked out, yellow - I’ll try to be attentive, red - I haven’t fully mastered the material yet)
II. Updating basic knowledge.
1. A minute of penmanship. Game “Danetka”
2. “I conceived a natural phenomenon” On the computer, a slide with illustrations of natural phenomena (frost, rain, rainbow, snowfall, lightning).
You ask me questions, I can only answer Yes And No.
I thought of a natural phenomenon.
Student. Is this a feminine noun?
Student. Is this a masculine noun?
Student. Does he water everything?
Student. Are the trees beautiful?
Student. This is frost.
Find the exact definition of the word in the dictionary frost (optional one student). (A thin layer of snow formed due to evaporation on a cooling surface)
Which letter is missing? ( E , it has no sound)
Let's write down all the other letters beautifully. (I n th)
Who can find the difficult word? (Snowfall)
Let's write out all the letters from it that represent consonants.
Why do we need this stage of the lesson?
(We learned to extract information using questions, repeated the spelling of some letters, clarified that the letter e has no sound, repeated the letters of the consonants)
3. Game “Be careful”
Arrange the words in 3 columns according to the type of spelling. Complete the words.
Unpronounceable... Paired……. Unstressed... (on the board)
(Rare, honest, water, holiday, happy, wear, Volgograd)
Standard check. (Slide 3)
Who has the floor? Volgograd recorded 2 times? Why? (This is a complex word and 2 spellings)
What two words does this word consist of? (city, Volga)
Label the roots.
With what feeling do we talk about the city? (With a feeling of pride about the hero city in which we live)
Why this stage of the lesson?
(To repeat what we already know and think about something new)
“5” - no errors
“4” - 1, 2 errors, more than 2 errors - you need to repeat the spelling rules
What role does the root play in words? (The general meaning of all cognate words lies at the root)
Is it enough to take two roots to make a word? (No)
What needs to be done for this? (Connect two roots)
How to do it? Problem?
Think about what other words can be used to form a compound word? (Water-carrier)
What did you use to connect the 2 roots? (Using the letter O)
III. Setting a lesson goal
What do you think we will work on in class? (We will form complex words and write the connecting vowel correctly)
It remains to be seen when it is written ABOUT, and when E.
IV. Updating new knowledge, working on new material
1. Formation and recording of complex words:
Fall leaves (leaf fall) (slide 4) and admire this natural phenomenon.
What do we know about the forest ecosystem? (Closed circleOgate substances)
Water, fall (waterfall) illustration. (Slides 5, 6, 7, 8)
A man who grows flowers. (Florist)
Cooking porridge? (Cook)
What connecting vowels did you use? (Oh e)
Working with the textbook. Exercise 128 p.108 with commenting at the board
First O cool (i.e. very good, high quality today is Quality Day in our country)
Ice O count
Fervor e SOS
Much O pestilence
Forest O rub
Vegetable e cutting
What is this type of work for? (Practiced in forming and writing complex words)
When a connecting vowel is written in complex words - e , A When -O?
(O after hard consonants, E - after soft consonants, hissing and C)
Tell us the algorithm how you will work.
2. Work in pairs (exercise 131)
Form complex words, add your words airplane, samovar, scooter, pride, Samodelkin. (Crossbow, dump truck, impostor)
Which pair will do it, raise your hands in a hut.
Self-test against the standard. (Slide 9, 10)
Explain the word self-love using a dictionary. (Self-esteem, combined with a jealous attitude towards the opinions of others about oneself (painful pride, to spare someone else’s pride))
3. Physical exercise. (Slide 11, 12)
4. Independent work using cards.
Form and write new words, underline the connecting vowel.
Option I
ice cutting
housewife
milk move
Option II
meat wire
plant everywhere
heat mower
Self-test (slide 13). I will check your notebooks and cards, and if you assessed yourself objectively, I will put marks in the journal.
Now answer the test questions. The correct answer corresponds to the letter.
1) Words that have two roots are called:
m) simple; c) complex.
2) Compound words have connecting vowel letters:
p) o, e; d) y, I; p) e, y.
3) After the letters of hard consonants, a connecting letter is written:
j) f; a) o; m) y.
4) After the letters of soft consonants, a connecting letter is written:
c) f; By; p) s.
5) Indicate the word in which the letter e is written:
d) himself...var; i) coffee...milk; e) bread...rob.
6) Indicate the word in which the mistake was made:
d) all-terrain vehicle; e) livestock breeder; b) food.
7) Which word is difficult?
k) came running; o) steamship; h) flew into.
The result was the word... (thank you!)
5. D/z: exercise 132 p. 110.
V. Summarizing. Reflection. Students’ self-assessment of activities in the lesson
(Slide 14, 15)
I succeeded …
I was surprised
I like it
I was happy for
I want give thanks … behind …
There is a flower on the board.
What is the name of this flower? (Flower-sam And flower)
Name the roots.
What would you like to ask me? (Why is the connecting vowel And?)
Do we know everything about compound words? (No)
This means that new discoveries await us in Russian lessons.
You said: “I want to thank...”.
Gratitude is a complex word, it means to give goodness, kindness. Let's try to do good to everyone.
The greatest spelling difficulty is caused by vowels, which are called connecting vowels. “O” and “e” in complex words are often not noticed, as a result of which mistakes are made. It is noteworthy that there are no other letters connecting the two stems.
If a word consists of two or more stems, it will be called complex. For example, agricultural (farming), meat and dairy (meat and milk), scientific and technical (science and technology), chronicler (writing chronicles).
They appeared in the Russian language at the present stage of development during a period of abundance of information, because this allows several concepts to be contained in one word.
Phenomena when more than two roots are used in the formation of a complex word are quite rare. For example, cycling.
Compound words can be formed in various ways. Their spelling will depend on this. Let's look at the most popular ones:
They write complex words in Russian together or with a hyphen: haymaking, railway, evergreen, boarding school, dynamo, raincoat. The use of one method or another depends on the formation of a particular word.
Let's look at when connecting "o" and "e" are used in complex words. Examples when it is necessary to write "o" are as follows:
In all these words, the first stem ends in a hard consonant, which is why the use of the connecting “o” is required.
Now you should parse complex words with a connecting vowel e. Examples are:
All these words are united by the fact that the first stem ends in a soft consonant (rain gauge, Old Russian), in a hissing consonant (hostel, pedestrian, cook) or in “ts” (bird catcher). Therefore, in such words you should write a connecting “e”.
Sometimes connecting “o” and “e” are not used in complex words: they are replaced by parts of derived stems. Let's look at similar cases.
There are many cases in the Russian language when connecting “o” and “e” in complex words are completely unnecessary. This happens in the following cases:
Connecting “o” and “e” in complex words can be used both when written together and when written with a hyphen. Let's look at the cases of using a hyphen.
You can create complex words using coordinating and subordinating connections. If they are formed by the first case, they will be written with a hyphen. In other words, you can easily put the conjunction “and” between the parts. Let's look at examples, for this you need to create complex words: sofa and bed - sofa bed; scientific and technical - scientific and technical; Russian and English - Russian-English; factory and plant - factory; meat and milk - meat and dairy; military medical - military and medical and others.
Compound words (nouns and adjectives) with the meaning of cardinal directions: Western European, southeastern, northeastern.
Words that convey shades of colors: crimson-gold, gray-brown, light green, purple-blue.
If the word is formed from a proper name: Leo Tolstoy style, Walter Scott ideas, New York Stock Exchange. The exception is geographical names formed from the phrase noun and adjective: Velikiye Luki - Velikiye Luki, Sergiev Posad - Segrievo Posad, Staraya Rus - Starorussky.
Words - scientific and technical terms: dynamo, vacuum dryer, diesel electrode, stop valve, filter press.
Words - designations of political parties and movements: vice-mayor, liberal-democratic, social-democratic, national-socialist.
A word that has a value judgment in the first part: grief-wife, shirt-guy, sweetheart-daughter, good boy-son.
If the first producing basis is the designation of any Latin letter: alpha male, beta carotene, gamma radiation.
It is necessary to write together complex words formed with the help of a subordinating connection: lumber processing (to process wood), staromoskovsky (old Moscow), chronicler (to write a chronicle), milk processing (to process milk), logging (logging).
In complex words, letters are used as connecting vowels O And e . Compound words formed using connecting vowels O And e or the first part of which is a numeral, are written together, for example: oil and gas production, fiftieth anniversary, two-millimeter.
After stems on a hard consonant (except and , w And ts ) the letter is written O , For example: world O opinion, free O darling.
In a few compound words, the consonant sound of the first stem is hardened, so a connecting vowel is written O , For example: fable O scribe, shelter O appeal.
After stems on a soft consonant, on th , to a hissing sound and ts a connecting vowel is written e , For example: pestilence e swimmer, kra e leading, walking e move, birds e Vodstvo, syn e big-eyed, big e winged.
In some cases, the ending of the nominative case is retained in the first word of a compound noun, for example: pastime, pastime, timekeeping.
Note
Words on -ification (electrification, gasification, classification etc.) are not complex. They are formed using the suffix -ification , so they are written with the letter And .
When forming complex words, cardinal numbers are used in the genitive case, for example: heels And taphole(five years old) eleven And meter(eleven meters), fourty A minute(forty minutes).
Numerals one hundred And ninety, being part of a compound word, do not change their form, for example: century, ninetieth anniversary.
With letter O the word is written fourty O leg.
Numeral thousand, being part of a compound word, has a connecting vowel e , For example: thousand e anniversary.
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