A summer resident, having visited the market of farmers or seedling producers, will be amazed by the variety of varieties of apple trees, and they all have tasty fruits in their own way.
However, this will only be a small selection of varieties from more than 7500 varieties, grown all over the world. And sometimes it is very difficult to determine by appearance what kind of apple tree is in front of you.
Often it is simply impossible to tell by the appearance of an apple., what kind of variety is in front of you - there will be too many options similar to each other.
But often the challenge is so that before buying a seedling, make sure that they are selling you exactly the right variety, for which the seller passes it off. This task is already easier to solve. You will need to find and print out a description and photo of the variety you need in advance (from a reliable source), and when purchasing, carefully check the appearance of the proposed seedling.
Often, just by the color of the bark, the shape of the leaves, the angle of inclination of the branches from the central trunk and other signs, you can see that the seedling somehow does not correspond to the description from the register of varieties, and then you should refrain from purchasing. These signs will be discussed in this article.
How to determine by tree, what type of apple tree are you holding? Varieties are determined by the following characteristics:
So how do you know what's in front of the buyer?
Of all the variety of apple trees, there are those that are easiest to recognize . They have clearly defined distinctive features, which allows them to be quickly identified.
For example, one cannot help but know Antonovka apple tree, because apples with such a fragrant bouquet are characteristic only of this variety. But what to do if the mother tree is far away, and in front of the buyer there is only a plate with “advertising” fruits and bunches of seedlings. It's more difficult here.
After all, identification of varietal characteristics in a seedling requires the study of all basic morphological characteristics of each variety. And there are many of them, and this is a real problem for a simple gardener.
And first of all, it’s worth finding out color of young bark and shape of leaves, which the proposed variety has, and then fruit ripening period until they are ripe. And at the very end look at color, shape and other characteristics of the fruit itself.
IMPORTANT! Find out in advance all the varietal characteristics of the apple tree using pomology, and only then look for its seedlings to check whether the seedling matches the description before purchasing!
Already in a young seedling it is noticeable what branching specificity and like a tree in the future. For example, sharp angles between the branch and the trunk, and the branching itself, similar to the pyramid- this is a serious sign in determining grade. Thus, the Ural Bulk variety is characterized by almost drooping branches.
Ural bulk apple.
Seedling crown according to shape It happens:
Crown shape.
Varieties also differ in the formation of branches of the next order and the type of branching itself (strong, weak). Branches and twigs can be thin or thick.
CAREFULLY! When choosing seedlings, inspect them carefully so as not to bring them onto the site dangerous pests or illness.
According to the period of fruit formation Apple varieties are divided into:
And according to them keeping quality There are short-life and long-term ones, and if for “summer apples” the maximum shelf life is 21 days, then long-term “winter apples” can be stored for almost 9 months!
The seeds in an apple are:
The apple seeds themselves are divided into small, medium and large. And their colors differ by light and dark tones of brown or grayish-chestnut color. They are in form:
Also a sign of the variety is coloring of young bark, which occurs on branches of last year's growth. It happens:
For example, the ancient variety of apple trees from the EU “Ebony” is so named for the black-brown color of the bark of most twigs and branches.
The most important indicator of each variety type is its leaves. They may differ in size, configuration, color and curvature along the central leaf vein.
To size leaves are:
By configuration:
Another important feature for identifying a variety is the edge of the leaf blade, which is:
But occasionally serrated and double-canceled ones are found.
FOR YOUR INFORMATION! White filling has leaves with a serrated edge, and Papirovka has leaves with a crenate leaf edge.
Only a professional can determine the variety based on the flowers themselves (their shade and shape of the petals). And here by flowering time It is already easier to determine what type of apple tree it is.
Only a professional can determine the variety based on the shape of the flower.
The apple trees are blooming from 8 days to two weeks, and these terms are constant for each specific variety. Only during a sharp cold snap or chilly weather does flowering last for two decades.
Attention! Sometimes the color of the petals can change due to fertilizing with microelements, so this is an unreliable sign of quality!
Also, the appearance of the apple itself is used as a sign of identifying the variety. This is one of the most popular questions on our website - “Help me identify the variety from a photo of an apple.”
How to recognize the variety of apple tree by apple? To carry out the research they take typical fruits from the tree under study (those that are most often found on the apple tree under study) and which are well illuminated by the sun.
In order to determine the variety of apple tree by fruit, first classified by size. They are divided into:
According to the shape of the fruit apples are divided into:
Apple fruit shapes.
How to determine the variety of an apple tree from an apple from a scientific point of view? You can determine the grade of an apple by its chemical composition. But for summer residents and small gardeners it will be very difficult. But it is quite possible to determine the condition of the apple pulp itself. So, pulp happens:
In this video you will see a description of the main winter varieties of apple trees:
The video below provides a description of the main early summer varieties of apple trees:
For a description of autumn varieties of apple trees, see the video below:
Having learned the features of the structure of the apple tree, the origin of the skeletal branches, the configuration of the leaves, and the type of leaf edge, you can be sure even before fruiting. Is the purchased seedling the variety specified by the seller?
The above mentioned in the article the tips are simple, and if you adhere to them, then when purchasing apple tree seedlings, the owner will be better protected from substitution of the variety.
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Here you will find the best apple varieties for completely different regions. After our wonderful selection, there were a huge number of reviews about other interesting apple trees, the taste and yield of which our readers liked. Current in 2019.
Leave your reviews too, just be sure to indicate the growing region.
Apple tree Volodarka
The apple tree is the most common tree in our gardens. Apple tree varieties are divided into: summer, autumn and winter.
Their main differences are in the ripening period and shelf life.
We present to you the most popular varieties of apple trees with photos, names and descriptions.
Summer varieties of apple trees ripen early and are not stored well.
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Apple variety Papirovka. The apple tree is of medium height, has a round-oval, densely leafy crown. The variety is of medium winter hardiness and is resistant to pests and diseases. But the exception is scab, which can seriously affect the tree in rainy years. The apple tree begins to bear fruit 4-5 years after planting. The variety produces a harvest almost every year. The fruits reach ripeness in mid-August. Their shelf life is about 10-15 days. Apples are characterized by very low transportability. The average size of the fruit is 100 grams, it has a round-conical shape and a seam that is observed along its entire surface. The apple is pale yellow in color and has a sweet and sour taste.
Apple Melba
Variety Melba- an apple tree of medium height, with a broadly oval crown. The variety is moderately winter-hardy and is often damaged by scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 5-6 years. The variety produces a harvest every year. The fruits reach ripeness at the end of August. Storage duration is about 30 days. Apples are characterized by excellent transportability. The average size of the fruit is 100 - 120 grams, it has a rounded-conical shape and stripes with a bright red blush, which occupy a significant part of the surface. The color of the apple is greenish-white. Pulp white, tender and sweet and sour in taste.
Apples Stark Erliest
- an apple tree of medium height, has a broad pyramidal compact crown. The variety is winter-hardy, may be slightly affected by scab and powdery mildew. The apple tree begins to bear fruit in the 4th year. The variety produces a harvest almost every year. The fruits begin to ripen a week earlier than those of Papirovka. Storage duration is about 20 days. The average size of an apple is 100 grams, it has a round-conical shape and its entire surface is covered with a bright red blurred blush. The color of the fruit is greenish-yellow. The pulp is juicy and sweet and sour in taste. Apples ripen unevenly, so it is better to remove them in 2-3 doses.
Variety Early sweet- the apple tree is weak-growing, has a flat-rounded crown. The variety is winter-hardy and well resistant to scab. At 3-4 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. The variety produces a harvest almost every year. The fruits begin to ripen 10-12 days earlier than those of Papirovka. The average size of an apple is 90-100 g, it has a flat-round shape. The color of the fruit is light yellow. Characteristics of the pulp are white color and sweet taste.
Apple tree White filling
Variety White filling- an apple tree of medium height, has a pyramidal crown in young trees and round in adults. The variety is moderately winter-hardy and can be easily affected by scab. In the 2-3rd year, an apple tree grafted on a dwarf rootstock begins to bear fruit, and in the 5-6th year on a vigorous rootstock. The variety produces a harvest every year. Fruit ripeness occurs in August. Storage duration is three months. The average size of an apple is 100 grams, it has a round-conical or broadly ovoid shape. The color of the fruit is greenish-yellow. Characteristics of the pulp are its white color, tenderness, juiciness and sweet and sour taste.
Apple Borovinka Borovinka- an apple tree of medium height. The variety is winter-hardy, is very susceptible to scab and therefore the ripe fruits quickly fall off. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 5-6 years. The variety produces a harvest almost every year. Fruit ripeness occurs in August - early September. The shelf life of apples is 2-4 weeks. The average weight of an apple is 100 grams, it has a flat-round shape with a striped blush. The fruit is yellow in color, has juicy pulp and a sweet and sour taste.
Bellefleur-Chinese- a tree of medium height. Medium yield variety. The apple tree produces a harvest almost every year. The average fruit weight is 100 grams. The apple has a sweet and sour taste.
Grushovka Moskovskaya- winter-hardy variety. The apple tree is tall, has a spherical or broad pyramidal crown. It produces a harvest almost every year. The fruits begin to mature at the beginning of August and are not transportable. The average size of an apple is 100 grams, it is light white in color, has juicy pulp and a sweet and sour taste.
Golden Chinese apple tree
Chinese Golden- an apple tree of medium height, has a broom-shaped crown in young trees and a weeping crown in older trees. The variety is winter-hardy and is often damaged by scab. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of July and then quickly fall off. The average size of an apple is 80 grams, the flesh is yellowish in color, juicy, with a good sour-sweet taste and a very pleasant aroma.
Candy
- winter-hardy variety. At the 2-3rd year, the apple tree begins to bear fruit on a dwarf rootstock, and at the 5th year - on a strongly growing rootstock. The fruits begin to mature at the beginning of August. The average size of an apple is 80-150 grams, it has a round-conical shape. The fruit is green-yellow in color with brown stripes and has a sweet taste.
Apple Tree Dream- a tree of medium height. The variety is winter-hardy, high-yielding, and resistant to scab. In the 4th year, the apple tree begins to bear fruit on a seed rootstock, and in the 2nd year - on a dwarf rootstock. The variety produces a harvest every year. The fruits begin to mature in August. The average size of an apple is 200 grams on a dwarf rootstock and 100-150 grams on a seed rootstock; it has a round-conical shape and a bright red streaked blush. The fruit is cream-colored and sweet and sour in taste.
Mironchik
Mironchik- winter-hardy variety. The tree is vigorous, durable, and has a high crown. The fruits begin to ripen in mid-August. Their shelf life is about 1 month. The average size of an apple is 100 grams, it is yellow in color, has rough yellow flesh and a sweet taste.
Suislepskoe- an apple tree of medium height, has a round, densely leafy, or broadly pyramidal crown. The variety is winter-hardy. At 3-4 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit on a dwarf rootstock, and at 6-7 years - on a very tall rootstock. Fruits begin to mature in August - early September. The average size of an apple is 100 grams; it has a flat, round shape with a pink striped blush. The apple is white-yellow in color, has white, aromatic, fine-grained flesh and a sweet and sour taste.
- apple tree of medium height, compact. At 4-5 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. The variety produces a harvest every year. The fruits begin to ripen earlier than those of the White filling. Apples are shelf-stable and transportable. The average size of the fruit is 60-70 grams, it is juicy and sweet and sour in taste.
Yandykovskoe- The apple tree is tall and has a dense crown. The variety is winter-hardy, tolerates drought well and is not damaged by diseases. At 5-6 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. The variety produces a harvest every year. Removable maturity of the fruits begins in the third decade of July. The shelf life of apples is about 3 weeks. The average size of the fruit is 100-150 grams, it has a flat round shape, a blurred striped blush and a sweet and sour taste.
Scarlet anise
Variety Anise scarlet- the tree is tall, has a broad pyramidal crown. The variety is winter-hardy and drought-resistant, but weakly resistant to black crayfish. The apple tree begins to bear fruit 6-7 years after planting. The fruits begin to mature at the beginning of September. Productivity wood 200-300 kg. Duration of storage of apples before the beginning of winter. The average size of the fruit is 50 - 70 grams, it has a flat, round, slightly ribbed shape. The color of the apple is green with a dark cherry blush and a waxy coating. And its pulp is juicy and sweet and sour in taste. The disadvantage of this variety is that it bears fruit periodically.
Anise striped- the apple tree is tall, has a wide pyramidal dense crown. The variety is winter-hardy and drought-resistant, but fruits and leaves can be affected by scab. At 6-7 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. The variety produces a harvest every year. The fruits begin to mature at the end of August. Productivity wood up to 250 kg. The fruits are stored until February. The average size of an apple is 70 grams, it has a flattened round or ribbed shape. The fruit is light green in color with a speckled, striped blush, has white, fine-grained, juicy pulp and a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is its high yield and winter hardiness.
- an apple tree of medium height, has a compact, sparse crown. The variety is winter-hardy, but can be severely affected by scab. At 4-5 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. The variety produces a harvest every year. Fruits begin to mature in mid-September. Productivity wood up to 75 kg.
The fruits are stored for about three months. The average size of an apple is 90 g, it has a round-oval shape. The fruit is greenish-cream in color with a red blush, has white, juicy flesh and a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is the good winter hardiness of apples and the excellent dessert taste of the fruit.
Apple Auxis
Auxis- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and moderately resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 5-6 years. The variety produces a harvest every year. Fruits begin to mature in September.
The average size of an apple is 140 g, it has a flattened round or turnip-shaped shape. The fruit is light yellow in color with a red blush, has yellow, dense, juicy, aromatic pulp and a sweet and sour taste. Apples are stored until January, and in the refrigerator until March. The advantage of the variety is the good commercial and consumer quality of the fruit.
Apple Baltika
Apple tree Baltika- the tree is tall, has a paniculate crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at the age of 5. The variety produces a harvest every year. The fruits begin to mature at the beginning of September.
Tree yield is up to 200 kg. The fruits are stored for about two months. The average size of an apple is 120 g, it has a round or turnip-shaped shape. The fruit is yellow in color with a striped pink blush, has white, dense, juicy flesh and a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is good commercial quality of fruits and high yield.
Bessemyanka Michurinskaya
Bessemyanka Michurinskaya- The apple tree is tall, has a spreading, dense crown. The variety is winter-hardy and well resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 5-7 years. Fruits begin to mature in September. Tree yield is up to 130 kg. The fruits are stored until December. The average size of an apple is 130 g, it has a round or flat round shape. The fruit is greenish-yellow in color with orange and red streaks and stripes. The pulp is greenish-yellow, juicy, tender with a sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of the variety is the uneven ripening of the fruits - therefore, part of the harvest is shed, but the advantage is high-quality fruits.
Zhigulevskoe
Apple tree Zhigulevskoe- a tree of medium height, has a wide pyramidal, sparse crown. The variety is affected by scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 5-6 years. The fruits begin to mature at the beginning of September. Tree yield is up to 200 kg. The fruits are stored until January. The average size of an apple is 100 g, it has a flat round shape. The fruit is golden-yellow in color with an orange or red blush, has juicy flesh and a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is the good commercial and taste quality of the fruit.
Cinnamon new
Cinnamon new- the apple tree is tall, has a highly rounded, dense crown. The variety is winter-hardy and has good scab resistance. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at the age of 5-7 and produces irregular harvests. The fruits begin to mature at the beginning of September. Apples are stored until January.
The average size of an apple is 130-160 g, it has a flat, round, conical shape. The fruit is greenish-yellow in color with a speckled, striped blush, has light cream, tender, juicy flesh and a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is the good commercial quality of the fruit.
Cinnamon Striped
Cinnamon Striped- an apple tree of medium height, with a broad pyramidal or rounded crown. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to grow at 6-8 years old. The fruits reach ripeness in mid-September. Storage duration is 2 months.
The average size of an apple is 80-90 g, it has a flattened, turnip-shaped shape. The color of the fruit is greenish-yellow with dark red outlined stripes and specks, has yellow-white, tender flesh and a sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of this variety is its late entry into fruiting.
Beauty of Sverdlovsk
Variety Krasa Sverdlovsk- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 4-6 years. The fruits reach ripeness at the end of September. Tree productivity is up to 70-100 kg. The fruits are stored until March-April. The average size of an apple is 120-160 g, it has a wide-round or round-conical shape. The fruit is cream-colored with a crimson-red blush, has light cream, juicy flesh and a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is the good commercial and taste quality of the fruits, as well as their long shelf life and high content of ascorbic acid.
Oryol garland
Oryol garland- an apple tree of short stature, has a rounded, dense crown. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 4-5 years. The tree has a high yield. Apples reach ripeness in mid-September.
Shelf life until mid-February. The average size of an apple is 90 grams, it has a turnip shape. The color of the fruit is golden yellow with a red blush. And its flesh is greenish-white in color, juicy, tender, fine-grained and sweet and sour in taste.
Autumn striped
Autumn striped- The apple tree is tall, has a widely rounded crown. The variety is moderately winter-hardy, but has good regenerative ability and is slightly affected by scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 6-8 years. Fruits reach ripeness at the end of September. Tree yield is up to 200 kg. The fruits are stored until November-December. The average weight of an apple is 120 grams; it has a round-conical, slightly ribbed shape. The color of the fruit is light yellow, with a speckled, striped blush of orange and red. The apple pulp is white, tender, and has a sweet and sour taste. Advantage of the variety is a good apple yield and excellent fruit quality.
Apples Riga Dove
Riga Dove- an apple tree of medium height, has a widely rounded, dense crown. The variety is moderately winter-hardy and resistant to fruit rot and scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 4-6 years. The tree bears fruit periodically. Picking maturity of the fruit begins in mid-September, and 1-2 months after harvesting, consumer maturity begins.
Apples are stored until December. The average size of the fruit is 120 grams, it has an elongated conical shape. When picked, the apple is greenish-white, and when ripe it is milky-white in color with a blurred blush, has white, juicy flesh and a sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage is poor transportability of the fruit.
September- the apple tree is tall, has a pyramidal crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 5-7 years. Fruits begin to mature in mid-September. Productivity wood up to 140 kg. The average size of an apple is 130 grams, it has a round-conical shape. The fruit is greenish-yellow in color with faint stripes, has yellowish, juicy, tender flesh and a sweet and sour taste. Apples can be stored for 2 months. The advantage of the variety is good quality fruits
Tambovskoe
Tambovskoe- the apple tree is tall, has a spreading, rounded crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and has poor resistance to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 5-7 years. The fruits begin to mature at the beginning of September. Productivity the wood is good, but irregular. The average size of an apple is 130 grams; it has an oval-conical shape with bright red specks. The fruit is light cream in color, has snow-white, fine-grained, juicy pulp and a wine-sweet taste. Apples are stored for about 2-3 months. The advantage of the variety is good marketability and excellent taste of the fruit.
Apple Uralets
Uralets- the apple tree is tall, has a strong, dense, pyramidal crown. The variety is winter-hardy and well resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years. Fruits reach ripeness from late August to early September. Productivity wood 70 kg. The average size of an apple is 40-60 g; it has a round-conical, truncated shape with a bright carmine striped blush. The fruit is cream-colored, has juicy, fine-grained, tender pulp and a sweet and sour taste. Apples can be stored for about 2 months. The advantage of the variety is winter hardiness, early fruiting and good yield.
Ural liquid- the apple tree is tall, has a rounded crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and well resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years. The fruits reach ripeness in early September. Their shelf life is about two months. The average size of an apple is 40 grams, it has a round shape.
The fruit is light yellow in color, has white, juicy, medium-grained pulp and a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is winter hardiness and good adaptive properties.
Saratov saffron
Saratov saffron- the variety is winter-hardy, well resistant to powdery mildew and scab. The apple tree is of medium height, has a rounded or broadly pyramidal crown of medium density. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 5-6 years. The fruits ripen in mid-September. Productivity wood is 150 kg. The shelf life of the fruit is until December. The average size of an apple is 120-160 g, it has an elongated or round-conical shape, with red speckled stripes. The fruit is yellow-green in color, has creamy, dense, fine-grained, juicy pulp and a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is the good taste and commercial quality of the fruit.
Antonovka vulgare
Antonovka vulgare- the apple tree is tall, has an oval crown. The variety is winter-hardy, but can be affected by scab. It begins to bear fruit at 7-8 years. Fruits begin to mature in mid-September. The tree's yield is 200 kg. The fruits are stored for about three months. The average size of an apple is 100 grams; it has a round, slightly flattened shape. The fruit is greenish-yellow in color, has yellow, juicy flesh and a sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of this variety is the frequency of fruiting of the tree and the short shelf life of apples. And the advantage is good yield and excellent quality of fruits.
Aport- a medium-winter-hardy variety. The apple tree is tall and has a flat, rounded crown. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 5-6 years. Harvesting maturity of fruits begins in the second ten days of September. The average size of an apple is 220-250 g, it has a broad conical shape with a red blush. The fruits are stored until January-February. The apple is yellow-green in color, has green-yellow, tender, fine-grained flesh and a sweet and sour taste.
Aphrodite
Aphrodite- the apple tree is tall, has a rounded crown of medium density. The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness and excellent resistance to scab. The fruits begin to ripen on September 15-20. Storage duration until the end of December. The average size of an apple is 125 g; it has a medium flattened, widely ribbed shape with stripes and specks of a dark crimson color. The fruit is greenish-yellow in color. Its pulp is white, juicy, finely grained and sweet and sour in taste. The advantage of the variety is the good commercial and consumer quality of apples.
Aelita— the variety is characterized by high winter hardiness and excellent resistance to scab. The tree is tall and has a broad pyramidal crown of medium density. At 5-6 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. The tree can produce a harvest every year. The fruits begin to ripen in early September. The apple tree yield is 140 c/ha. The fruits are stored until the beginning of January. The average size of an apple is 120 g, it has a round-conical, regular shape. The fruit is greenish-yellow in color. Its pulp is juicy, yellow, fine-grained and sweet and sour in taste. The advantage of this variety is its excellent apple yield.
Bezhin meadow
Bezhin meadow- a large apple tree with a rounded crown. The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness and excellent resistance to scab. The fruits begin to ripen on September 15-20. They are stored until February. The average size of an apple is 150 grams; it has an oblong, widely ribbed shape.
The fruit is yellow-green with a crimson blush. And its pulp is tender, juicy, fine-grained with a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is the yield and excellent transportability of the fruit.
Belarusian synap
Belarusian synap- the apple tree is tall, has a wide pyramidal crown of medium density. The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness and excellent resistance to scab. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of September. Storage duration is until the end of April - beginning of May. The average size of an apple is 100 grams; it has an oval shape with a pink-red dull blush on the sunny side. The fruit is greenish-yellow in color. Its pulp is green, dense, fine-grained and sweet and sour in taste. The disadvantage of this variety is the low juiciness and satisfactory taste of the fruit. And the advantage is the winter hardiness and long-lasting shelf life of apples.
Apple Berkutovskoe
Berkutovskoe- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and drought-resistant, but can be affected by powdery mildew. The tree bears fruit annually. The average size of an apple is 150 grams, it has a round shape and dark red stripes throughout the fruit. The pulp is greenish-yellow in color, juicy, dense, fine-grained and sweet and sour in taste. Advantage of the variety is a compact crown, abundant annual fruiting and good keeping quality of the fruit.
Bogatyr
Bogatyr- The apple tree is tall, has a spreading sparse crown. The variety is medium-winter-hardy and resistant to scab. Fruiting begins at 6-7 years, after budding. Fruiting is annual. Productivity apple tree is 50 kg. Marketability of fruits is about 89%. They are stored for 250 days. The average size of an apple is 100 grams; it has a flattened round shape with a noticeable edge on the surface. The fruit is light green. Its pulp is white, juicy and sweet and sour in taste. The advantage of the variety is the abundant annual yield and long shelf life of apples.
Bolotovskoe
Bolotovskoye- the apple tree is above average size, has a rounded crown. The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness and excellent resistance to scab. Fruits reach ripeness in early September. Productivity wood is 130 c/ha. They are stored until mid-February. The average size of an apple is 150-160 grams, it has a flattened, widely ribbed shape. The fruit is greenish-yellow in color. Its pulp is green, juicy, dense with a sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of this variety is that the fruits fall off if they are picked late. The advantage is high yield and excellent quality of apples.
Bratchud- dwarf apple tree, has a flat-round crown. The variety is winter-hardy and can be affected by scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit after grafting in 3-4 years. The tree bears fruit regularly. The fruits are stored for 140 days. The average size of an apple is 100 grams, it has an oblong-round shape. The fruit is greenish-yellow in color. Its pulp is white, slightly juicy, coarse-grained and sweet and sour in taste. Advantage of the variety is high yield and good commercial and taste quality of the fruit.
Bryanskoe
Bryanskoe- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded, medium-density crown. The variety is winter-hardy and not resistant to fruit rot. At 3-4 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. Productivity wood is 270-350 c/ha. The fruits are stored until February. The average size of an apple is 150 grams, and the maximum is 300 grams; it has a round or slightly ribbed shape. The fruit is green. Its pulp is white, juicy and sweet and sour in taste. The disadvantage of this variety is the short shelf life of the fruit. And the advantage is resistance to scab, productivity, non-shattering, as well as high commercial and consumer quality of the fruit.
Venyaminovskoe
Venyaminovskoe- The apple tree is large, has a rounded, medium-density crown. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The fruits begin to ripen on September 15-20. Productivity wood 150 c/ha. The fruits are stored until February. The average size of an apple is 130 grams, it has a medium flattened, conical, broadly ribbed or beveled shape. The apple is greenish in color, has white, greenish, dense, coarse-grained, juicy pulp and a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is high yield and good commercial quality of the fruit.
Veteran- a tree of medium height, has a spherical, compact crown of medium density. The variety is medium-winter-hardy and resistant to scab. At 4-5 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit after planting. The fruits begin to ripen until the end of September and are stored in the refrigerator until mid-March. Productivity wood 220 c/ha. The average size of an apple is 100 g, it has a slightly flattened shape. The apple is yellowish-green in color, has brownish-yellow, tender, juicy flesh and a sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of this variety is the shedding of leaves. And the advantage is high yield, suitability for intensive gardening, good commercial and consumer quality of the fruit.
Vita- an apple tree of medium height, with a sparse, drooping crown. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. Productivity trees are moderate with variable frequency. The fruits begin to ripen in early September. Storage duration until the end of March. The average size of an apple is 140 grams, it has a flattened, ribbed, regular shape. The apple is greenish in color, has dense, greenish flesh and a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is the long shelf life of the fruit.
Knight- The apple tree is large, has a drooping crown. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of September - beginning of October and they are stored until May. The average size of an apple is 140 g, it has a conical or round-conical shape. The color of the apple is yellowish-green. Its pulp is white, juicy and sweet and sour in taste. Advantage of the variety is high productivity, long shelf life and good quality of fruits.
Cherry
Cherry- an apple tree of medium height, has a round or flat-round, dense crown. The variety is moderately winter-hardy and also moderately resistant to fungal diseases. The fruits begin to ripen in early September. Shelf life until mid-February. The average size of an apple is 115 grams, greenish-yellow in color. It has white, tender, fine-grained, juicy pulp and a sweet and sour taste. Advantage of the variety is an excellent dessert taste of the fruit and high yield.
Star
Star- the apple tree is vigorous, has a wide, spreading, slightly drooping crown. The variety is medium-winter-hardy and resistant to apple scab. At 5-7 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit, after budding. The fruits are stored until February-March. The tree bears fruit annually. The average size of an apple is 100 grams; it has a flattened-round shape, with faintly noticeable ribs. The color of the apple is light green with a red blush. And its flesh is green, juicy, fine-grained with a sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of this variety is that the fruits become small over time and therefore require regular pruning. And the advantage is the good taste of the fruit and its long shelf life.
Health
Health- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded, dense crown. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The fruits begin to ripen in early September. Shelf life until mid-February. Productivity wood 230 c/ha. The average size of an apple is 140 grams, it has a flattened, regular shape. The apple is greenish-yellow in color with red speckles and wide blurry stripes. Its pulp is green, juicy, tender, fine-grained and sweet and sour in taste. The advantage of the variety is high yield and good quality of fruits.
Winter striped- an apple tree of medium height, has an elongated rounded crown. The variety is moderately winter-hardy; the leaves can be affected by scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years. Apples begin to ripen at the end of September. Storage duration until early April. Productivity wood 80 kg. The average size of an apple is 140-170 g, it has a flat-round or rounded shape. The apple is greenish-yellow in color with red streaks and stripes. And its flesh is cream-colored, loose, juicy, tender, with a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is the annual fruiting of the tree, long-term shelf life, beautiful shape and good taste of the fruit.
Amazing
Amazing- an apple tree of medium height, has a spherical crown. The variety is characterized by average winter hardiness and excellent resistance to powdery mildew and scab. At 6-7 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. Productivity wood 200 c/ha. Maximum shelf life of fruits is 250 days. The average size of an apple is 100 g, it has an elongated conical, even shape. The color of the apple is greenish-yellow with a red blush. Its pulp is white, juicy, fine-grained and sweet and sour in taste. The disadvantage of this variety is that it can freeze in severe winters. And the advantage is good quality of fruits, high yield, transportability of fruits and long shelf life.
Imrus- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year. The fruits begin to ripen in mid-September. Storage duration until the end of February. Productivity wood 90 c/ha. The average weight of an apple is 100 grams, it has a flattened, slightly ribbed shape. The color of the apple is green with a red blush. Characteristics of the pulp are its creamy color, juiciness, density and sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of this variety is that the fruits have thin skin. And the advantage is high yield, long-term shelf life, good commercial and consumer quality of the fruit.
Kandil Orlovsky
Kandil Orlovsky- the apple tree is medium-sized, has a rounded crown with drooping branches. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The fruits begin to ripen in mid-September. Shelf life until mid-February. The average size of an apple is 120 grams, it has a one-dimensional, oblong-conical shape. The color of the apple is greenish-yellow with a crimson blush. And its flesh is white, juicy, fine-grained, tender with a sweet and sour taste. Advantage of the variety is good commercial and consumer quality of fruits
Dwarf- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded, dense crown. The variety is moderately winter-hardy and also moderately resistant to fungal diseases. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years. The fruits begin to ripen in mid-October and are stored until February. Productivity tree is not sharply abundant and periodic. The average size of an apple is 130 grams, it has a round, regular shape. The apple is greenish-yellow in color. The pulp is light cream in color, semi-oily and sweet and sour in taste. The advantage of the variety is its high yield and beautiful fruit shape.
Karpovskoe
Karpovskoe- the apple tree is tall, has an oval crown when young, and a spherical crown when fruiting. The variety is of average winter hardiness and can be affected by scab. At 6-8 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit, after budding. The variety is high-yielding, especially 2-3 years after the start of fruiting, the yield increases very sharply. The fruits are stored in the fruit storage until May. The average size of an apple is 100 grams, it has a flattened round shape. The apple is greenish-yellow in color with a deep pink blush. The pulp is greenish, juicy and sweet and sour in taste. Advantage of the variety is high yield, long shelf life and good commercial quality of the fruit.
Kuibyshevskoe
Kuibyshevskoe- The apple tree is vigorous, has a broadly conical crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy, but not sufficiently resistant to scab and fruit rot. At 5-6 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. Productivity tree is tall. The fruits begin to ripen in mid-September. Shelf life until February and longer. The average size of an apple is 110-130 grams, it has a flat-round, regular shape. The color of the apple is yellow with a red blush. And its flesh is cream-colored, tender, juicy, fine-grained with a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is annual fruiting, high yield, and good quality of fruit.
Kulikovskoe
Variety Kulikovskoe- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded crown. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. Productivity wood is 272 c/ha. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of September. Storage duration until the end of March. The average size of an apple is 100 g, it has a round, regular shape. The color of the apple is greenish-yellow with a diffuse purple blush. Characteristics of the pulp are white color and sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of this variety is the smallness of the fruits when the tree is overloaded with harvest and there is no pruning. And the advantage is annual fruiting, high yield, transportability, long-term preservation of fruits.
Kurnakovskoe
Apple variety Kurnakovskoe- an apple tree of medium height, has a pyramidal crown. The variety is resistant to scab and winter-hardy. An apple tree grafted on insert 3-4-98 begins to bear fruit already in the 3rd year. Productivity wood 150 c/ha. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of September. Shelf life until mid-February. The average size of an apple is 130 grams; it has an oblong-conical, slightly ribbed shape. The apple is greenish-yellow in color with pink stripes. Its pulp is cream-colored, dense, fine-grained, juicy, tender with a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is high yield, good commercial and consumer quality of the fruit.
Kutuzovets
Variety Kutuzovets- an apple tree of medium height, has a flat-round, and with age a spreading crown of medium density. The variety is moderately winter-hardy and also moderately resistant to scab. At 5-7 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit from the moment the oculant grows. The tree's yield is 113 c/ha. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of September. Storage duration until May. The average size of an apple is 120-130 grams, it has a flat-round shape. The apple is greenish in color with a striped dull blush. The pulp is white, fine-grained, juicy, dense and sweet and sour in taste. The advantage of this variety is that it is one of the best winter apple tree varieties.
Variety Lobo- an apple tree of medium height, has a widely rounded, sparse crown. The variety is characterized by average winter hardiness and poor resistance to powdery mildew and scab. Productivity the tree is tall and stable. The average size of an apple is 120 grams; it has a flattened, round, slightly ribbed shape. The apple is yellowish-green in color with a crimson blush. The pulp is white, tender, fine-grained, juicy, and has a sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is stable yield, large fruit, as well as high commercial and taste quality of the fruit.
Martovskoe
Variety Martovskoe- the apple tree is fast-growing, vigorous, has a wide pyramidal crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and weakly resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 5-6 years. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of September. Shelf life until March. The tree's yield is 110 kg. The average size of an apple is 145 grams, it has a flattened round shape. The color of the apple is green with a red blush. And its flesh is green or white, juicy, semi-oily, fine-grained, tender with a sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of this variety is that the tree is large; unripe fruits, as a rule, become tanned during storage. And the advantage is annual fruiting, high productivity, a crown convenient for shaping and pruning, as well as good commercial quality of the fruit.
Moscow winter
Moscow winter variety- the apple tree is very tall, has a spreading, widely rounded, dense, heavily leafy crown. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 6-7 years. Fruits reach ripeness at the end of September. Shelf life until April. The average size of an apple is 130 grams; it has a one-dimensional, flattened, round, regular shape. The apple is light green in color with blurry dark red streaks. Its pulp is light green in color, medium density, juicy and sweet and sour in taste. Advantage of the variety is the size, long shelf life, good taste of the fruit.
Moscow red
Moscow red apple variety- the apple tree is not tall, has a well-leafed and dense crown. The variety is winter-hardy and practically not affected by scab. The fruits are stored until May. The average size of an apple is 130-190 grams, it has a round-conical shape. The color of the pod is greenish-yellow with a diffuse red blush. The characteristic feature of the pulp is its yellow color, as well as its sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is long-term shelf life, good consumer and commercial quality of the fruit, and the small height of the tree is convenient for an intensive garden.
Moscow later
Moscow later- the apple tree is very tall, has a broad pyramidal crown at a young age and a broadly oval crown later. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 6-7 years. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of September. Storage duration until May. The average size of an apple is 165-235 grams, it has a round-conical shape. The apple is greenish-yellow in color with a pink blush. Its pulp is white, juicy, dense, fine-grained and sweet and sour in taste. The disadvantage of the variety is the strong density of the crown. And the advantage is long shelf life, good consumer quality of the fruit.
undersized
Apple variety Low-growing- the apple tree is low, has a flattened crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and moderately resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit in the 4th year. Productivity wood 170 c/ha. The average size of an apple is 100 g, it has a round, flattened shape. The apple is greenish-yellow in color with red stripes. The pulp is greenish, fine-grained, prickly, dense and sweet and sour in taste. The advantage of the variety is its high yield.
Apple variety Olympic- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and moderately resistant to scab. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of September. Shelf life until mid-February. Productivity wood is 172 c/ha. The average size of an apple is 100 grams, it has a slightly ribbed shape. The apple is greenish in color with brownish-red stripes. The pulp is characterized by its green color, tenderness, juiciness and sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of this variety is that the pulp of the fruit is loose. And the advantages are high yield, good commercial and consumer quality of the fruit.
Apple variety Orlik- The apple tree is medium tall, has a compact rounded crown. The variety is winter-hardy and moderately resistant to scab. Productivity wood is 220 c/ha. Fruits reach ripeness at the end of September. Shelf life until mid-February. The average size of an apple is 100 grams, it has a slightly flattened, slightly conical shape. The color of the apple is greenish-yellow with a red blush. Characteristics of the pulp are its creamy color, density, juiciness, fine grain and sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of this variety is partial shedding of the fruit. And the advantage is high yield, good taste of the fruit.
Oryol dawn
Variety Orlovskaya Zarya- an apple tree of medium height, has a reverse pyramidal crown. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. Productivity wood 180 c/ha. Fruits reach ripeness in early September. The average size of an apple is 100-120 grams; it has a round, flattened, widely ribbed, slightly beveled shape. The color of the apple is greenish-yellow with a bright red blush. Characteristics of the pulp are white color, tenderness, juiciness and sweet and sour taste. The fruits are stored until the end of January. Advantage of the variety is high yield, good commercial and taste quality of the fruit.
Oryol Polesie
Variety Oryol Polesie- The apple tree is medium tall, has a rounded crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. Productivity wood 133 c/ha. The fruits begin to ripen in mid-September. Shelf life until mid-January. The average size of an apple is 140 grams; it has an oblong-conical, widely ribbed, beveled shape. The apple is greenish-yellow in color with red specks and stripes. The pulp is white, coarse-grained, juicy, prickly, dense and sweet and sour in taste. The advantage of the variety is high yield, good commercial quality of fruits.
Variety Pepin Orlovsky- The apple tree is large, has a rounded crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and highly resistant to scab. Productivity wood 162 c/ha. Apples begin to ripen at the end of September. Shelf life until mid-January. The average size of an apple is 140 grams, it has a broadly conical, broadly ribbed shape. The color of the apple is greenish-yellow with a crimson blush. Characteristics of the pulp are its white color, density, juiciness, fine grain and sweet and sour taste. The advantage of the variety is high yield, good commercial quality of fruits.
Renet Tatar
Variety Renet Tatarian- an apple tree of medium height, has a widely rounded, dense crown. The variety is winter-hardy and moderately resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of September. Shelf life until April. The average size of an apple is 100 grams; it has a strongly flattened and broadly conical, slightly ribbed shape. The apple is greenish-cream in color with a pink blush. Characteristics of the pulp are white color, juiciness and sweet and sour taste. Advantage of the variety is the yield and transportability of fruits.
Freshness
Freshness- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded crown of medium density. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of September. Productivity wood 187 c/ha. The average size of an apple is 110 grams; it has a flattened, barrel-shaped, widely ribbed, regular shape. The apple is greenish-yellow in color with red streaks and stripes. The pulp is greenish, dense, fine-grained, prickly, juicy and sweet and sour in taste. Apples are stored until May. The advantage of the variety is productivity, good commercial quality of fruits.
Variety Northern Sinap- the apple tree is large, very tall, and has a broad pyramidal crown of medium density. The variety is characterized by average resistance to powdery mildew, scab, as well as high winter hardiness. The apple tree begins to bear fruit in 5-8 years, and on a dwarf rootstock (62-396) it bears fruit in the second year. Fruits reach ripeness in early October. The average size of an apple is 120 grams, it has a round-conical shape. The apple is yellowish-green with a red blush. Characteristics of the pulp are white, fine-grained, juicy and sweet and sour taste. Apples are stored in the refrigerator until May. The disadvantage of this variety is that with a bountiful harvest, the quality of the fruit decreases. And the advantage is productivity, long-term shelf life, good quality of fruits.
Apple tree Sinap Orlovsky
Variety Sinap Orlovsky- The apple tree is very tall and has a widely spreading crown. The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness and excellent resistance to scab. At 4-5 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. Productivity wood is 170 c/ha. Fruits reach ripeness at the end of September. The average size of an apple is 130 grams; it has a one-dimensional, oblong, round-conical shape. The color of the apple is yellowish-green with a blurry blush. The pulp is greenish-cream in color, juicy and sweet and sour in taste. Apples are stored until May. The disadvantage of this variety is that if there is a lack of calcium in the soil, the fruits are affected by bitter pitting. And the advantage is high yield, long-term shelf life, good commercial and taste quality of the fruit.
Sokolovskoye
Apple variety Sokolovskoe- the apple tree is a natural dwarf, has a flat-horizontal crown and its maximum height is two meters. The variety is winter-hardy and moderately resistant to scab. At 3-4 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit after grafting. Productivity wood is 65 kg. The average size of an apple is 120 grams, it has a flat-round shape. The color of the apple is greenish-yellow with a red blush. Characteristics of the pulp are its creamy color, juiciness, fine-grainedness, density and sweet and sour taste. The disadvantage of this variety is that the quality of the fruit decreases during prolonged high summer temperatures and dry air. And the advantage is large fruits, good marketability and taste of apples.
Start- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded crown. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. Fruits reach ripeness in mid-September. Productivity wood 170 c/ha. The average size of an apple is 140 g; it has an oblong, widely ribbed, beveled shape. The fruit is green with red stripes and specks. The pulp is greenish, white, dense, coarse-grained, juicy, prickly and sweet and sour in taste. Apples are stored until the end of February. The advantage of the variety is its high yield and suitability for growing in an intensive garden.
Stroevskoe
Stroevskoe- an apple tree of medium height, growing quickly, has a wide pyramidal crown of medium density. The variety is resistant to scab and highly winter-hardy. Fruits reach ripeness in mid-September. Productivity wood 117 c/ha. The average size of an apple is 100 grams; it has a moderately flattened, conical, slightly ribbed, slightly beveled shape. The color of the fruit is greenish-yellow with a crimson blush. The pulp is green, white, dense, coarse-grained, juicy and sweet and sour in taste. Apples are stored until mid-February. The advantage of the variety is its high yield, good commercial quality of fruits, and suitability for cultivation in intensive gardens.
Student
Variety Student- an apple tree of medium height, has a rounded crown. The variety is moderately winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at the age of 5. Fruits reach ripeness at the end of September. The average size of an apple is 120 grams, it has a flattened, round shape. The apple is greenish in color with a raspberry blush and a bluish tinge. The pulp is light green, tender, fine-grained and sweet and sour in taste. Apples are stored until mid-May. The advantage of the variety is productivity, long-term shelf life, good commercial and consumer quality of the fruit.
Variety Suvorovets- the apple tree is very tall, has a highly rounded, compact, sparse crown. The variety is winter-hardy and resistant to scab. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 4-5 years. Fruits reach ripeness in early October. Shelf life until mid-December. The average size of an apple is 120 grams, it has a flat-round shape. The color of the apple is yellowish-green with a blurry blush. And the pulp is pale cream in color, juicy, fine-grained, dense and sweet and sour in taste. The disadvantage of this variety is that the taste of the fruit deteriorates in cold, damp summers. And the advantage is abundant yield, long-term shelf life, transportability, good commercial quality of the fruit.
Apple variety Utes- the apple tree is very tall, has a pyramidal crown. The variety is winter-hardy and moderately resistant to scab. At 7-8 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. Productivity wood 80 c/ha. Fruits reach ripeness in mid-September. The average weight of an apple is 125 grams, it has a flat-round, one-dimensional shape. The color of the apple is yellow-lemon with a red blush. And its flesh is cream-colored, fine-grained, tender, medium-density, juicy and sweet and sour in taste. Apples are stored until March and beyond. The advantage of the variety is annual fruiting and good commercial quality of the fruit.
Variety Welsey- an apple tree of medium height, has a broad pyramidal crown at a young age, and later a rounded one. The variety is moderately winter-hardy and resistant to scab. At 4-5 years old, the apple tree begins to bear fruit. Welsey's yield abundant. Fruits reach ripeness at the end of September. The average size of an apple is 100 grams, it has a turnip-shaped or flattened round shape. The apple is yellowish-green in color with dark red stripes. The pulp is greenish, white and sweet and sour in taste. Apples are stored until the end of February. The disadvantage of this variety is that when bountiful harvests The fruits begin to shrink and crumble. And the advantage is high yield, long-term shelf life, transportability and good commercial quality of the fruit.
Apple tree ( Malus) - a tree from the flowering department, dicotyledonous class, order Rosaceae, rose family, apple genus. The fruit of an apple tree is called an apple.
The Russian name for the fruit, as well as the entire tree, came about as a result of adding the sound “j” to the Old Slavic word “ablъko”, which in turn goes back to the Proto-Indo-European base “āblu”, meaning “apple”.
The height of the apple tree ranges from 6 to 15 meters. The structure of the tree includes:
The fruits of the apple tree (usually spherical in shape) are called apples and are formed on the branches of the tree. The size of ripened apples ranges from 20-25 mm to 15 cm in diameter, and the color of the apples is white, green, yellow, red or combined (green-yellow-red).
The flowers are white or white-pink in color and are collected in inflorescences. The apple tree flower is small, but over time it turns into a tasty and aromatic fruit. The flower itself consists of:
Under natural conditions, the apple tree is distributed throughout almost the entire territory of Europe, in the forests of Russia, Iran and China, the Crimean Peninsula and Primorsky Territory, North America, Mongolia and Turkey.
The cultivation of these trees in temperate zones is widely used, not only for private use, but also on an industrial scale. Today, global production of apple fruits is developed in Germany and Spain, China and Italy, Argentina and South Africa, the United States, Poland and Canada.
The beneficial effects of apple fruits on the human body have been known since ancient times. They contain a whole pantry:
You need to eat apples to improve digestion and blood formation, relieve constipation, and also as a diuretic and choleretic agent. The low calorie content of these tasty fruits allows them to be used as part of the diet.
Apples can be consumed not only fresh. They are used to make jam and marmalade, dried fruits and marmalade. They also serve as raw materials for the production of light and strong alcoholic drinks: “Cider” and “Calvados”. However, people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract should not abuse the fruits of apple trees. This can lead to relapse of peptic ulcers, exacerbation of gastritis (high acidity) and colitis.
To prepare an adult plant for the new season, in early spring carry out sanitary and formative pruning of the apple tree. To do this, remove branches clogging the crown:
With the onset of autumn days, light corrective pruning is carried out, which consists of shortening overgrown shoots. For trees older than five years, shoots are cut to a third of their length. During the process of pruning apple trees, all dry, broken and weak shoots are removed. This is done using garden pruners and a saw with small sharp teeth. The cut areas are coated with a special compound (garden pitch), and large saw cuts are painted with oil paint. After this, the soil in the tree trunk circle is dug up and mulched, and the trunk (apple tree trunk without skeletal branches) is whitened with a solution of a mixture of chalk, lime, clay and wood glue. To protect the trunk of the apple tree from rodents and hares, it can be tied with reeds or spruce branches.
In order for a young tree to successfully take root and take root, it must be planted in a previously prepared hole, for which:
Afterwards, they dig a hole with a diameter and depth of up to a meter, separating the surface fertile soil from the underlying soil. The apple tree is planted after a month and a half. An apple tree seedling is placed on the prepared mixture, poured into the hole, and carefully poured root system substrate. For proper growth of the tree, it is tied to a stake previously driven into the ground. Next they form trunk circle and water the planted plant.
Autumn planting of an apple tree ensures a greater percentage of rooting of young plants, but trees can also be planted in the spring. The planting pit is prepared a week before planting. The roots of the apple tree are moistened and immersed in clay mash, after which the seedling is installed in its hole. To cause the growth of lateral shoots and form a crown, the top of the planted tree is cut off into several buds (2-3) and the skeletal branches are shortened (if they exceed the size of the central shoot). For a month and a half, a young apple tree requires weekly watering. Over time, the interval between them and the amount of water increases. The ground around the trunk of the apple tree should be fertilized using rotted manure or chicken droppings, and mulch with dry grass. Apple tree flowers that appear in the first two years are removed, and in May foliar feeding sodium humate or “Effecton”.
The best place for an apple tree is in open, sunny, draft-free places, because excess shading leads to a decrease in yield.
Watering adult plants requires compliance with certain rules:
There are several ways to propagate an apple tree:
In order for the apple tree to grow well and bear fruit, it needs to be fed. To do this, 4 root feedings of the apple tree are carried out throughout the year:
Like every tree, the apple tree is susceptible to various diseases:
Small pests cause great damage to the apple tree and the harvest:
As a preventive measure, the tree must be treated with a urea solution even before the sap begins to move in the trunk. Spraying apple trees with Agravertin, Zircon and other preparations gives excellent results. Caterpillars are removed by hand.
Exist the following types varieties of apple trees and apples:
According to fruit ripening dates:
According to precocity (when the apple tree begins to bear fruit after planting):
According to winter hardiness:
Apple trees by method of use:
Apple trees by height:
According to the type of apple tree crown, there are:
Types of apples to taste:
Types of apples by fruit size:
Now let's look at each classification separately with examples of varieties.
So, according to the timing of ripening, early (summer) varieties are distinguished, middle (autumn) varieties and late (winter) varieties.
Early (summer) varieties of apple trees are distinguished by a high sugar content, juicy pulp and excellent taste. Apples reach ripeness in early to mid-August. You need to eat or process the fruits as quickly as possible, because summer apples begin to spoil after 2-3 weeks.
The following summer apple varieties are considered the most popular:
medium-sized tree with a rounded crown. The first harvest is harvested 5 years after planting the apple tree. The apples are heterogeneous, yellow-green in color with a whitish coating, juicy, sweet and sour. The variety rarely freezes out in frosty winters and has satisfactory resistance to diseases, bearing fruit annually. Summer variety.
the low tree pleases with its first harvest in the 4th year of planting. Apples are characterized by their flattened shape, light yellow color and sweet taste. Trees are not afraid of frost and rarely get scab. Summer variety.
a medium-sized tree with a developed crown produces its first fruits in 5-6 years. Apples weighing 100-120 g have the correct shape and a sweet and sour delicate taste. Are different green with thin red stripes and a slight blush. Frost resistance is average, often suffers from scab. Summer variety.
Autumn varieties of apple trees bear fruit from the beginning of autumn. Most varieties are distinguished by a high shelf life of fruits, until spring. Autumn apples have excellent presentation and are suitable for commercial use.
The best autumn apple varieties:
A tall, powerful apple tree begins to bear fruit in the 5th year of planting. The apples are yellow, with red stripes, bulbous or round in shape, with a sweet and sour taste. The apple variety produces a harvest every year, does not freeze in severe winters and is resistant to scab. Autumn variety.
a tall tree produces the first apples in 3-4 years. The oblong-shaped fruits weigh up to 70 g and have an unusual creamy-striped color with a bright blush. Apples are juicy, aromatic, sweet and sour. The variety is resistant to frost and scab. Autumn variety.
a medium-sized tree begins to bear fruit in the 5th year of planting. Apples weighing up to 90 g are onion-shaped, yellow in color with a red blush, and have a bright taste with a slight sourness. The variety is resistant to cold and major diseases. Autumn variety.
Late (winter) varieties of apple trees reach fruit ripeness by the end of September. Most late apples have an excellent presentation, an average weight of 100-140 g and excellent shelf life, on average until February-May.
The most popular winter varieties:
a tall tree with a developed crown begins to bear fruit only in the 8th year. The apples are green-yellow in color, slightly flattened at the bottom, have a characteristic, sweet and sour taste and exceptional aroma. The variety is not afraid of frost, but is often affected by scab. Winter variety.
A powerful, compact tree produces its first harvest in the 6th year after planting. The fruits are yellowish-green, with barely pronounced redness, elongated in shape, and have a sweet and sour taste. Winter hardiness is average, rarely affected by scab and powdery mildew. Winter variety.
a tall tree with a dense crown is characterized by increased productivity. The apples are oblong, yellow-green in color with finely speckled burgundy sides. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour taste. The variety is moderately resistant to frost and is immune to scab. Winter variety.
The degree of precocity of an apple tree is the time when the tree produces its first harvest after planting. According to early fruiting, early-fruiting, mid-fruiting and late-fruiting varieties are distinguished.
Early fruiting varieties begin to bear fruit at 3-5 years of age, some produce their first harvest in the nursery.
The best early fruiting varieties:
medium-sized tree with red fruits. The first harvest is obtained in the 4th year of planting. Frost resistance is average, fruit shelf life is up to six months. Winter variety;
a low tree with a lush crown bears fruit 4 years after planting. Light yellow, elongated apples are distinguished by a characteristic seam on the surface of the fruit. The taste is excellent, the shelf life of the fruit is only 2 weeks. Resistance to disease and frost is average. Early summer apple variety.
The apple tree is not tall, bears fruit in the 4th year of planting. Apples are elongated in shape with a bright pink blush and a sweet and sour taste. Winter hardiness and disease resistance are average. Early summer variety.
Medium-fruiting varieties of apple trees are the most numerous group and begin to bear fruit in the 6-8th year of planting:
a vigorous tree with a spreading crown. The fruits are large (up to 250 g), brightly colored yellow with many scarlet stripes and spots. The juicy pulp has a sweet and sour, wine taste and aroma. Early winter variety.
tall apple tree with a spreading crown. Elongated apples of a soft cream color with red sides are distinguished by a scattering of small specks. The apples are juicy, with an exceptional, sweet, wine taste. Autumn variety.
With age, a medium-sized tree acquires a drooping crown shape. The apples are slightly flattened, green, with a barely noticeable blush and a sweet and sour taste. Autumn variety.
Late-fruiting apple trees give the first harvest 9-11 years after planting and later:
The variety is distinguished by the average height of trees with a powerful crown. The fruits are round or bulbous in shape with pronounced ribs, have a green or yellow color, a bright taste and a long shelf life. Late winter variety.
The trees are vigorous, with a dense crown. The fruits are large, rounded and elongated, yellow in color with a harmonious sweet and sour taste, and can be stored for up to 3 months. Autumn variety.
There are winter-hardy, low-winter-hardy, medium-winter-hardy, and highly winter-hardy varieties. The winter hardiness of an apple tree variety consists of a number of factors: the variety's resistance to early frosts, prolonged frosts in the middle of winter, to return frosts and frost resistance during a thaw. Let's consider each type:
Low winter-hardy varieties can withstand temperatures down to -27°C. These trees are best planted in the southern regions.
medium-sized tree with a neat crown. Fruits weighing up to 130 grams of yellow-green color with a carmine blush are distinguished by a dessert taste and excellent keeping quality (February - March). Early winter variety.
The tree is low-growing with a compact crown and produces its first fruits in the 3-4th year of planting. Apples are sweet, rich burgundy color with a slight waxy coating. Winter variety.
The medium-sized spreading tree is distinguished by early ripening of fruits. The apples are yellow-green with orange sides and have a sweet and sour taste. An apple variety resistant to powdery mildew. Summer variety.
Medium-winter-hardy varieties of apple trees can withstand temperatures down to -35°C.
medium-sized apple trees with a spherical crown, early fruiting and productive. The apples are round, elongated at the top, yellow or orange in color with a golden tint. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour, the aroma is weak. Winter variety.
A tall apple tree with a pyramidal crown begins to bear fruit in the 4th-5th year of planting. Apples are yellow in color with blurry pink stripes, sweet and sour taste, weakly aromatic. Autumn variety of apples.
medium-sized apple tree with a drooping crown. Elongated apples are distinguished by a creamy color with a blurred blush. The variety is early-bearing, productive, and has average resistance to scab. Fruits in the first half of September.
Winter-hardy or frost-resistant apple trees are those that freeze slightly in harsh winters. Withstands temperatures down to -40°C.
a tall tree bearing annual fruit with a wide, rounded crown. The apples are yellow-green with a bright blush and a waxy coating. The fruits have a dessert taste and are stored for about 3 months. Autumn variety.
apple tree of medium height, with a spherical crown. The round, honey-yellow fruits with dark red stripes have a sweet and sour taste and a distinct aroma. Autumn variety of apples.
The early-fruiting variety is distinguished by tall tree growth and a spreading crown. The fruits are yellow-green with pink stripes and last no more than 3 weeks. The pulp is tasty, creamy, sweet and sour with a faint aroma. Apples ripen in late summer.
Highly winter-hardy varieties of apple trees practically do not freeze in harsh winters and can withstand temperatures below -40°C.
tall apple trees with a thinned crown of summer fruiting. The apples are round-elongated, pale green, with a blurred scarlet blush, fragrant, sweet and sour. The variety is demanding on soil moisture and is immune to scab. In different territories it ripens at different times: in the Upper Volga region and to the east - in winter, in the Middle Volga region - in autumn, in the Lower Volga region - at the end of August.
a powerful tree with a thick crown pleases with the first harvest in the 7th year of planting. The apples are oblong, green-yellow in color with crimson stripes, exceptionally sweet and aromatic. The variety is drought-resistant and undemanding to agricultural technology. Early summer variety.
tall apple trees with a spreading crown type. The fruits vary in shape, ribbed, green, with dirty burgundy stripes and specks. The pulp is juicy, but fresh, the keeping quality of the crop is good. Late winter ripening.
According to the method of use, apple trees can be used for decorative or fruit purposes.
The most popular varieties of ornamental apple trees:
a tall, leafy tree with long, flexible branches that bend toward the ground.
a powerful bush with a leafy crown, up to 5 meters, distinguished by red-violet glossy leaves of an elongated shape. By autumn the foliage takes on an intense red color.
a small bush with a wide, oval-spherical crown. During the period of flowering and development, the buds retain an intense red color and a delicate raspberry aroma.
a tree up to 3 m high with a drooping crown and red leaves, acquiring an emerald hue by mid-summer.
a powerful, spreading tree that grows up to 5 m. The budding period lasts about 1 month, then honey-colored apples up to 3 cm in diameter are produced, suitable for consumption. In autumn, the leaves of the Rudolph apple tree turn orange.
Vigorous apple trees are trees grafted onto a seed-grown rootstock that is characterized by vigorous growth. Without pruning, apple trees can grow up to 6 m tall, with a crown diameter of up to 5 m. Tall varieties are distinguished by a significant life expectancy (up to 150 years), increased drought resistance due to a developed root system and regular, rich fruiting.
Vigorous varieties of apple trees:
This variety of apple trees begins to bear fruit in the 5th year of planting. Burgundy fruits, weighing over 300 g, are smooth, with many stripes, inclusions and a sweet and sour taste. The variety is immune to most diseases and pests; the harvest lasts until April. Apples ripen at the end of October.
The apple tree produces its first harvest in the 3rd year of planting. The fruits are greenish in color, oblong, with a uniform scarlet blush. The pulp is sweet and sour, oily, with a refreshing taste. The variety is distinguished by its tolerance to scab. Summer variety of apples.
An early autumn variety of apples, characterized by increased frost and drought resistance. The fruits are green or yellow, with pronounced burgundy stripes. The pulp is pinkish, tender, sweet and sour.
Medium-sized (semi-dwarf) apple trees reach a height of no more than 3 meters with a maximum crown diameter of 2 m. Due to the shallow location of the roots (up to 10-40 cm), medium-sized varieties of apple trees are sensitive to soil fertility and require regular watering.
Semi dwarf varieties apple trees:
begins to bear fruit in the 5th year of planting. The apples are light yellow with a red blush, with a pleasant wine taste. Apples ripen at the end of September, the harvest is stored until mid-spring.
bears fruit in the 5th year of planting. Apples are yellow or green, with excellent dessert taste. The harvest collected in early autumn is stored until the end of spring.
The first apples can be obtained in the 5th year of planting, the harvest is harvested every year. The fruits are large, burgundy, juicy, harmonious, sweet taste. Winter variety of apples.
Dwarf apple trees are distinguished by moderate growth with a trunk height of up to 50 cm and a total tree height of up to 2 m. Thanks to the weak, fibrous root system, dwarfs feel great in areas with high locations groundwater. Insufficient moisture for an annual seedling can be disastrous.
The best varieties dwarf apple trees:
The apple tree is distinguished by the wide diameter of its low-lying crown. The fruits are large, weighing up to 200 g, slightly flattened, often ribbed, sweet and sour. The color of apples is yellowish-green, sometimes with red spots. The variety is early-fruiting, winter-hardy, late-summer, and is immune to scab.
The trees are distinguished by a flattened-rounded crown with horizontal growth of branches. The fruits weighing 60-90 g are slightly flattened, yellow with red sides, juicy, sweet and sour. A fast-growing and high-yielding autumn variety of apples.
trees with a flattened horizontal crown, periodic fruiting. The fruits are yellowish-green, with a characteristic red blush, and have a sweet and sour taste. Winter variety, apple trees are stored for more than 3 months.
The crown of the apple tree is wide, rounded, with horizontally growing branches. The apples are sweet and sour, slightly flattened, yellow in color with blurry red stripes. The variety is distinguished by high yields and winter hardiness. Apples ripen in late August - early September.
begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting. The apples are smooth, yellow-green, with pronounced sourness. The variety is distinguished by high resistance to various diseases. The fruits ripen in autumn.
begins to bear fruit 7 years after planting. Apples weighing 40-70 g, round, tapered at the bottom, pure amber-yellow color. The fruits ripen in early to mid-autumn. The pulp is juicy, creamy, sweet and sour taste. During the rainy season, the variety is affected by scab.
Columnar apple trees are distinguished by a compact crown that does not need to be formed, and by autumn the tree trunk is covered with fruits. The lifespan of columnar apple trees is 15-17 years.
The most popular varieties of columnar apple trees:
begins to bear fruit in the 2nd year of life, is characterized by average winter hardiness, grows up to 2 meters in height. Red apples weighing up to 100 g are distinguished by a sweet and sour taste and good shelf life, until January. Fruits in autumn.
A productive, winter-hardy variety begins to bear fruit at the end of summer, in the 3rd year of planting. The tree grows up to 2 meters high. The apples are yellow-red in color, medium in size, sweet and sour in taste.
The first harvest occurs 2 years after planting. The fruits ripen in autumn. Apples are sweet and sour and are stored until the beginning of next year. The variety is distinguished by good winter hardiness and resistance to scab.
Mainly decorative varieties of apple trees have a weeping crown with drooping branches and high aesthetic qualities.
See photos of ornamental apple trees above.
The taste of apples is determined by the presence of sugars and fructose: the higher this indicator, the sweeter the fruit.
The best varieties of sweet apples:
Medium-sized trees with a wide crown are distinguished by the sweet, wine-like taste of yellow-green fruits with a red blush. The apple tree is high-yielding, ripening in late winter, but has low winter hardiness and is susceptible to powdery mildew.
powerful, vigorous tree bearing abundant fruit. Oblong apples weighing up to 250 g are distinguished by a bright striped blush of red-violet color. Autumn-winter variety. The crisp, cream-colored flesh has a sweet taste with subtle sourness; apples can be stored until May.
medium-sized trees with a wide crown give a harvest in the 6th year of planting. Apples weighing up to 170 g are round in shape with slight ribbing, yellow or yellow-green, with a striped blush, crunchy, sweet, refreshing. Late autumn (early winter) variety. They are stored for 2.5 to 6 months.
The sour, piquant taste of apples is due to the high content of acids and low amounts of sugars in the fruit. Most varieties have excellent transportability and are ideal for making sauces, salads and adjika.
A medium-sized tree of late ripening begins to bear fruit at 6-7 years. Apples weighing up to 300 grams, rounded - elongated, dark green in color, stored until May - June. This autumn-winter variety is characterized by poor winter hardiness and fungal diseases.
vigorous tree with a dense crown. The fruits are light green, round in shape with pronounced ribbing. The late-winter variety is characterized by high frost and drought resistance, and rarely suffers from scab and fruit rot.
The tree is vigorous and bears fruit late. The fruits are pinkish, crispy, juicy, correct form and weighing up to 200 g. The variety has average resistance to frost and does not suffer from powdery mildew and scab.
Most apple varieties have a balanced, sweet and sour taste:
a low-growing tree of regular fruiting with a rounded crown, produces the first harvest in the 4th year of planting. The apples are small, mostly bright red, with pink, juicy flesh. Summer variety of medium winter hardiness, highly resistant to scab.
a low or medium-sized tree with a rounded crown begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting. The fruits, weighing up to 90 g, are orange-red, with pronounced striping. Winter hardiness indicators are average. Summer variety.
tall tree with a broom-shaped crown. The smooth, rounded apples have a pronounced brick-red, striped blush. Fruiting is annual, resistance to frost and drought is high. The fruits ripen at the end of September.
The size and weight of the fruit is considered one of the main indicators of varietal identity:
Small-fruited varieties of apple trees are popularly called “Ranetki” or “paradise apples”. The popularity of the varieties is due to their high frost resistance and unsurpassed taste in processed form.
a medium-sized tree or shrub with a wide crown, begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting. Apples weighing 11 - 20 g have a bright red color with a bluish tint. The pulp is creamy, sour, with a characteristic plum aroma. The fruits ripen in early autumn.
a vigorous tree with a wide spreading crown. Oval fruits, weighing up to 25 g, have a tart, sweet and sour taste, and can be stored for up to 3 months. Apples ripen in early autumn.
The tree is early-bearing, powerful, tall with a wide crown. Apples, weighing 8-10 g, round in shape, dark red in color. Possessing a tart, sour taste, it is used exclusively for processing. This apple variety ripens in the first half of September.
a medium-sized apple tree with a compact crown produces the first harvest 3-4 years after planting. The fruits, weighing 75-90 g, are oblong, light yellow with a pronounced blush, sweet, stored for no more than 3 weeks, ripen in the second half of August.
medium-sized tree with a rounded crown, periodic fruiting. Bright red apples, weighing 50-70 g, have a sweet and sour, slightly astringent taste. The autumn variety is distinguished by increased winter hardiness and resistance to scab.
a medium-sized tree bears fruit 4-5 years after planting. Apples weighing 60-100 g are oblong, with pronounced ribbing, yellow-green with crimson sides, sweet and sour, aromatic. The late summer variety is resistant to scab.
The tree is compact, with a rounded crown. The fruits average weight 130 g, yellow-green with red stripes and a delicate, sweet and sour taste. The variety is distinguished by high winter hardiness, early fruiting and productivity. Summer variety of apples.
medium-sized apple tree with a rounded crown. Round fruits, weighing 100-120 g, cream-colored with a thick burgundy blush. The winter-ripening variety is often affected by scab.
medium-sized tree with a compact crown. Early winter variety. Oblong fruits, weighing 140 g, golden yellow with red specks and stripes. The winter-hardy variety is immune to scab.
tall apple tree with a rounded crown. The fruits, weighing over 200g, are strongly ribbed, elongated, yellow, with pronounced orange spots, juicy, very sweet. The variety is early-bearing and scab-resistant. Summer variety.
The tree is tall, with a dense, hemispherical crown. Winter variety. The fruits, weighing 200-220 g, are conical, light green with an orange blush. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour, with the aroma of “Antonovka”. The variety is winter-hardy and is slightly affected by scab.
vigorous tree with a narrow pyramidal crown. It begins to bear fruit 10-15 years after planting. Apples weighing 120-140g are yellow, with a blurred red blush and an excellent, sweet and sour taste. Ripen in autumn.
a medium-sized tree with a developed crown begins to bear fruit at 5-6 years. The apples are round with slight ribbing, yellow in color with blurred stripes. The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness and average resistance to drought, which leads to early fruit drop. Fruits in late summer, early autumn.
All the numerous varietal diversity of the apple tree genus is combined into 36 species, the most famous of which are:
the most common species, living up to 100 years. She actively bears fruit of half of them. The height of the tree is up to 5 meters, the trunk is straight with a spreading crown. The flowering period begins in April-May and lasts up to two weeks. Male and female flowers have a diameter of up to 2.5 cm and are colored white or pink. Depending on the variety, fruit ripening lasts from mid-summer to late autumn. Apples are green, reddish or yellow in color and do not exceed 150 mm in size.
All apple trees of this species tolerate winter frosts well. The most famous varieties are:
reaching a height of 8 m. The leaves are ovoid, up to 9 cm long and about 5 cm wide with a pointed tip and serrated edges. An umbrella-shaped inflorescence consisting of large (4-5 cm) flowers, painted in white or pink tones. Small, egg-shaped fruits grow in clusters of up to 6 red or yellow apples.
All varieties of this type of apple tree are characterized by good frost resistance. The best of them are:
reaches a height of 10 m. The shoots forming the crown are sometimes covered with small thorns. The leaves have the shape of an elongated oval with a pointed tip and finely toothed edges. In spring, the bottom of the leaf blade is heavily pubescent; as it ages, it becomes smooth and glossy. Small inflorescences (4-5 cm in diameter) consist of white or pink flowers. The size of an apple, shaped like a ball or an egg, does not exceed 5 cm.
forms bush thickets up to 5 meters high, but there are also tree-like specimens reaching 10 m in height. The leaves can be either smooth or retain pubescence. Leaf plate ovoid in shape, up to 8 cm long and jagged edges. The yellow-green fruits with a bitter-sour taste resemble balls and grow to a maximum of 4 cm in diameter. This species tolerates low temperatures well.
grows up to 12 m in height. The shape of the leaves is ovoid or elongated oval, with a sharp tip and a triangular base. The color of the upper side of the plate is dark green, the lower side is much lighter and slightly pubescent. Sometimes apple tree leaves are divided into shallow lobes. The inflorescence, which has an umbrella shape, consists of up to 12 white or light pink flowers with a diameter of 2-2.5 cm. Typically, the brown apple tree blooms in May and bears fruit in September. Due to the small size of apples (1-1.5 cm), the tree is used as a decorative decoration for gardens and parks.
a low tree (no more than 5 m) with purple shoots with slight pubescence. The foliage of the apple tree is dark green, sometimes with a reddish tint, has the shape of an elongated oval, about 8 cm long, with a pointed top and an edge cut with small teeth. The corymbose inflorescence is collected from 4-6 pink flowers, the size of which rarely reaches 3.5 cm. Small pear-shaped fruits ripen until September-October. With your beautiful decorative look this apple tree delights park visitors from March to April.
IN modern world there are many different varieties apples Every gardener tries to choose the right variety of apple tree, with the goal of collecting as many as possible more harvest, which will not only suit your taste, but will also suit the timing of fruiting.
This article will help you get acquainted with some of them and make the right choice.
The crown of the tree is oval, the height is average. A distinctive feature that is characteristic of this type of apple tree is considered a large number of harvest and the opportunity to collect fruits annually. The tree begins to bear fruit 5-6 years after planting in the soil.
The fruit has a round-conical shape, weighs 100-120 g and is greenish-white in color with a bright red blush. The taste is sweet and sour. The apple ripens at the end of August and can be stored for 30 days. This variety is also characterized by excellent transportability.
The height of the tree of this variety is average. The densely leafy crown has a round-oval shape. A distinctive feature of the apple tree is that it begins to bear fruit 4 years after planting in the ground and produces a harvest annually.
The fruits ripen in mid-August and are stored for 10-15 days, and also have low transportability. This fruit has a round-conical shape, its weight reaches 100 g. The fruit tastes sweet and sour. This variety of apple trees has average winter hardiness and is resistant to pests and diseases (with the exception of scab).
The tree is of medium height and compact pyramidal shape. You can harvest apple trees of this variety almost every year. After planting the apple tree in the ground, the fruits will appear in 4-5 years. Ripening begins already in August. Apples have a round-conical shape, a shelf life of up to 20 days and a weight of up to 100 g.
Apples are highly transportable. The entire surface of the fruit has a bright red color. This variety is highly resistant to frost and is slightly affected by powdery mildew and scab.
The birthplace of this variety is the Volga region. The crown of the apple tree is wide-pyramidal or rounded, the tree is tall. Its peculiarity is that it has high yield and low early maturity. The fruit has a smooth and shiny surface, as well as a flat-round bulbous shape.
Its weight reaches from 70 to 90 g, the fruit tastes sweet and sour. This variety of apple trees has high winter hardiness and drought resistance, and average resistance to scab.
The apple tree has medium or tall growth, and also has a compact dense crown and high yield. A distinctive feature of this variety is its high shedding and ripening of fruits at different times. The fruit size is average, weight reaches 133 g.
The shape of the fruit is flat-round, the skin is smooth with a high intensity of waxy coating. The apple has a sour taste with a subtle sweet note. The fruits of this variety have a high content of vitamin C.
Apple trees of this variety grow predominantly tall. Their advantages include the fact that they are fast-growing (they begin to bear fruit 5-6 years after planting) and have a high level of productivity. The fruit is larger than average in size, weighing from 200 to 250 g.
The skin of the fruit is smooth and durable, the flesh is juicy and dense. The apple has a sweet and sour taste. The tree has average winter hardiness. The leaves of the apple tree are less resistant to scab than the fruits.
Antonovka is one of the most popular apple varieties. Apple trees are tall trees with rounded and elongated crowns.
It is almost impossible to confuse Antonovka with other trees - its distinctive features are branches located close to the trunk, oval asymmetrical leaves, bright brown bark of shoots and white flowers.
Typically the fruits are large, oval and begin to ripen towards mid-autumn. If all storage rules are followed, apples can retain their original appearance for up to 2-3 months.
White filling is considered an analogue of Papirovka, because they are similar both in appearance and taste. The height of the trees is usually from 3-5 meters, they are considered medium-sized.
The crown of apple trees is pointed at a young age, but over time it acquires a rounded shape. The leaves are oval and bright green, the petioles are elongated. The apples are small, their weight rarely exceeds 80-100 g. The fruits usually ripen by the end of August and are stored for no more than 3 months.
Amber has a unique sweet and sour taste, which makes it no less popular. Apple trees are able to withstand severe frosts, but with a minimum amount of precipitation, because... fruits and leaves may be significantly damaged. Twisty and slender trees with thin and long shoots are colored gray-brown.
The fruits are small and have a distinctive amber-yellow skin. The apple pulp has a creamy, milky hue. Fruit ripening begins in late summer - early autumn and ends by mid-September.
Ostankino is an early winter variety, the fruits of which can be reaped already in the first half of autumn. The trees are small, medium-sized and compact. The shoots are medium thick, the leaves are long, green and rounded.
The fruits are large, bright red, their weight can reach 250-300 grams. The apples are strong and can be stored until late autumn. The pulp is white, fine-grained and very juicy.
Apple tree of this variety - wonderful decoration garden Despite the fact that the height of trees rarely exceeds 2 meters, they are noticeable in any part of the garden. Distinctive features are a thick trunk, large white flowers, a long branched crown and dark green oval-shaped leaves.
The apples are large, there are a lot of them - usually up to 15 kg can be collected from one tree. The fruits are yellow-pink, turnip-shaped. A huge advantage of the apple tree is its frost resistance, which allows it to withstand frosts down to -30 degrees.
Constellation is a winter variety, with apple sizes up to 150 grams. The color of the fruit combines dark red and lilac shades. Trees are medium-sized, with a small amount branches and with dark green and oblong leaves. The apples are large, sweet and sour, with yellowish flesh.
The trees are resistant to low temperatures and can withstand up to -40 degrees. In addition, they have high immunity to various diseases, and therefore do not require annual special treatment.
Apple trees are usually tall, with a spreading crown. The advantage of this variety is that the fruits can be harvested every year, and the yield is consistently high. Ripe apples have crisp, fine-grained flesh. They become ripe in early autumn, but it is recommended to harvest no earlier than October, but before the onset of cold weather.
After picking, you should refrain from consuming apples (due to the dense pulp) and wait a couple of months. The weight of the fruit is 160-400 g, the taste is sweet and sour. This variety is a winter variety.
The trees of this variety are dwarf (2-2.5 m high). A distinctive feature is that the harvest can be harvested 3-4 years after planting in the soil, and also that apple trees need pollination. Has high productivity. The fruits should be collected in September.
Apples can be stored until mid-February. The weight of the fetus reaches 110-160 g, in rare cases 200-250 g. Apples taste sweet and sour. The trees are frost-resistant and also resistant to bark diseases.
Trees of this variety come in two types: dwarf and tall. Tall apple trees have a wide crown with an average density. The difference between this type is that the variety has the ability to form an ovary without the help of cross-pollination, but the yield level will not decrease.
The fruits grow juicy with a sweet and sour taste, weighing up to 95-150 g. They become ripe in mid-autumn, but apples should be picked after the leaves fall. The harvest, harvested at the right time, will delight you with its taste until the beginning of summer. The trees have high frost resistance. Almost exposed to diseases.
You can learn more about the above and other types of apples from the following video:
There are many varieties of apple trees that gardeners prefer to grow on their plots. The article presents only the best varieties of apple trees, characterized by different terms planting, ripening. Each variety has different taste and external characteristics.
Summer varieties of apple trees are intended mainly for fresh consumption. These varieties bear fruit throughout the summer, and gardeners eagerly wait for the fruits to ripen so they can enjoy the delicious, juicy fruit.
The variety has a long history. Its appearance is associated with folk selection. It is believed that the variety originated in the Baltic countries and soon spread throughout Europe. Some adherents are convinced that this is an old Russian variety.
The trees are medium in size, rarely exceeding 4-5 m. The crown is pyramidal, becoming rounded over time. The bark is rough, light gray in color. The leaves are medium-sized, elliptical in shape. The fruits of a young apple tree reach 120-150 g in weight, the apples of mature plants weigh about 60 g. The shape of the apples is round, the peel is green, and over time it becomes white. The peel is thin, the flesh is tender.
The first fruits appear 5-6 years after planting the seedling. The average yield from a young tree is about 200 kg. Harvest occurs at the beginning of August. After planting the seedling, it is important to provide it with constant moisture.
This is an early summer apple variety obtained through natural pollination. It is believed that its homeland is the Baltic states, where the variety appeared in the early 19th century.
The height of apple trees reaches medium size. Young plants have a wide, pyramidal crown, which becomes rounded as the tree matures. The bark is gray in color. The shoots are elongated. Leaves are gray Green colour, slightly flattened, flat.
The fruits are medium in size, weighing from 80 to 100 g, sometimes up to 180 g. The apples are slightly flattened, round-conical. The surface is ribbed, the peel is pale, greenish-yellow, there is no blush. The peel is tender, thin, the flesh is juicy and aromatic.
The fruits ripen early: in regions located in central Russia, apples appear in early to mid-August, in the southern regions - at the end of July. After picking, the fruits can be stored for no more than 2-3 weeks in a cool room.
The variety was bred in the 40s of the last century in the city of Michurinsk. When crossing, two varieties were used - Korobovka and Papirovka. There are practically no similar varieties around the world.
The plant is powerful, tall, and grows quickly. Already at the age of three, the tree reaches up to 3 meters in height. At a young age, the crown is narrow; as it ages, it becomes spreading and broadly pyramidal. The leaves are medium and large, dark green tint. The fruits are round, small, their weight does not exceed 100-150 g. The peel is dark pink with a red tint, there are many white subcutaneous dots. The pulp is creamy, juicy, the taste is honey-candy.
After harvesting, the fruits are stored for 3-4 weeks in a cool place. The yield of the variety is good, annual. About 50 kg of apples are harvested from a tree that is 6-9 years old. In the first few years, caring for the seedling consists of regular watering.
The Grushovka variety is a variety of apple trees that appeared through natural selection. This variety is more than two hundred years old. In 1797, the apple tree was described in detail by the famous scientist A. T. Bolotov in a scientific work.
The trees are spreading, tall, their height reaches up to 7 m. Fruiting at good care lasts about 60 years. An adult tree is characterized by a spherical crown shape, while a young plant has a cone-shaped crown. The bark is yellow-orange. The fruits are small, weighing about 70 g; heavier specimens are rarely found - 100-120 g. The peel is ribbed, thin, yellow or green. The pulp is juicy, snow-white, the taste is sweet and sour, the smell is pleasant.
Fruiting occurs 5 years after planting. After ripening, the fruits are stored for no more than 3-4 weeks. The crop is harvested at the beginning of August, less often at the end of July. During the season, from 100 to 200 kg of apples are harvested from one mature tree.
It is believed that the birthplace of this variety is Canada. It was obtained through open pollination of Grushovka Moskovskaya. But some gardeners are convinced that the variety is Russian.
The plant grows to a height of no more than 4.5 m. It has a round or oval crown, not thickened. The leaves are large, leathery, with a glossy surface, dark green in color. The leaf blade is characterized by an ellipsoidal shape. Flowering occurs in mid-May. The fruits are small, weighing from 90 to 180 g. The shape of the apples is conical, oblong-round. The peel is strong, thin, smooth, yellow-green or yellow in color. The pulp is white with a slight pink tint, juicy. The aroma is not noticeable, the taste is sweet with a slight sourness.
The first harvest is harvested by the third year after planting. From a young apple tree you get 20-65 kg, from an adult plant – up to 70 kg. Proper care will extend the fruiting of the tree to 50 years. Fruit ripening occurs in mid or late July-early August. The shelf life is no more than 2 weeks.
Autumn varieties of apple trees are preferred by gardeners who sell the fruits after harvest. Such varieties ripen in the fall and can be stored for a long time without losing their external qualities.
The variety was obtained as a result of open pollination by breeder S.I. Isaev, who used seed material of the “Kitaika Kandil” variety.
A vigorous, powerful tree with a wide pyramidal sparse crown. Bark grey- brown tint. The height of an adult tree reaches 7 m. The leaves are small, with a glossy surface and wide shape, dark green, slightly grayish. The fruits are medium in size, have a round-conical shape, reaching 110-130 g in weight. The peel is green in color, with a brown-red blush. There are numerous, light-colored subcutaneous dots. The white pulp is juicy, the taste is sweet with pleasant sourness, the structure is dense and fine-grained.
Fruiting of a tall tree occurs 5-6 years after planting. Dwarf trees begin to bloom in the 2nd year. The yield is high - up to 150 kg of apples are harvested from an adult tree.
The variety was first described at the beginning of the 19th century by A. T. Bolotov. Scientist M.V. Rytov described the Borovinka variety more than 150 years ago. The variety was liked by North Americans, who began to grow it on their plots. They called the apple tree Oldenburg.
The tree can grow up to 5 m in height. The bark has an olive tint. The leaves are oval, dark green. The fruits are round in shape, with a smooth surface and medium size, their weight does not exceed 90 g. The pulp is juicy and granular. The peel is smooth, light green in color with pink streaks. The taste is more sour than sweet.
Fruiting occurs in the 4th or 5-10th year after planting. At the age of ten the plant bears good harvests– on average, 60-75 kg of fruits are removed from one tree. At the age of 25-30 years, the plant can produce yields of up to 200 kg.
This is a foreign variety of American origin. When crossing, breeders used two types of apples - Jonathan and Wagner. The Idared variety was developed in 1935. Due to its good productivity and commercial qualities, the variety has become popular not only in the USA, but also in Russia.
Idared is a vigorous, autumn variety characterized by mixed fruiting. In adulthood, the height of the apple tree reaches 3-5 m. The plant has a wide, oval or spherical crown. The bark is grayish-brown, smooth. The leaves are medium-sized, elongated, with pointed edges, dark green in color. The fruits are round, medium in size, their weight reaches 140-190 g. The peel is pale green, thin, smooth. There are few large subcutaneous points. The creamy flesh is elastic, dense, juicy. The aroma is weak, the taste is sour-sweet.
Fruiting occurs 5-6 years after planting. The fruits are harvested at the end of September before the first frost. About 30 kg of fruits are collected from a young tree; up to 90 kg of apples can be harvested from a plant 15 years old. The fruits are stored for about 6 months.
The McIntosh variety attracts with its history of appearance. In 1796, a certain John McIntosh purchased a farm in Ontario. While clearing the garden, he found several apple tree seedlings. After transplanting them to a new place, the plants died, but one apple tree took root and was named in honor of the farmer.
The tree is medium-sized, the crown is spreading and rich. The leaves are small, ovoid, and light green in color. The fruits are large, weighing up to 180 g. The peel is light yellow, there is a slight blush and carmine stripes. The peel is smooth, shiny, dense, but thin. White pulp, juicy, aromatic. The taste of the fruit is sweet and sour, pleasant.
Fruit ripening is not simultaneous. The first fruits ripen in August, the plant bears fruit until the end of October. Up to 200 kg of apples are harvested from one plant, sometimes reaching 300 kg. When stored in a cool room, the fruits are stored until spring without losing their taste and external characteristics.
The apple tree variety was bred by breeder Evgeniy Nikolaevich Sedov in 1977. The goal of the breeding was to develop a variety with increased resistance to the scab fungus. This was achieved by hybridizing the Skryzhapelkh 1924 variety.
The plants have a spherical crown, not thickened. The height of the trees is above average, the seedlings grow quickly and develop well. The bark is smooth. The leaves are elongated, dark green in color. The fruits are large and characterized by a flattened shape. The weight of one apple reaches up to 160 g. At the stage of technical maturity, the peel is light yellow in color; when fully ripe, a pink-red blush appears. The peel is oily, the flesh is juicy, dense, and soft green in color.
The plant begins to actively bear fruit from 7-8 years after planting the seedling. The fruits are harvested in mid-September. Up to 200 kg of apples are harvested from one adult plant. If stored properly, fruits do not lose their quality until mid-February.
Winter varieties have their own distinctive characteristics. The main feature of these varieties is that the fruits are consumed a few weeks after harvest.
This variety was bred by breeder Semyon Fedorovich Chernenko. This late-winter variety is considered one of the most productive. During the selection we used the variety Reneta Landsbergskogo and Antonovka.
The plant is tall, the crown is sparse and spreading. The leaves are oval, dark green. The fruits have a flat-round shape, a wide base, a smooth surface with pronounced ribs. When picked, the peel is light green in color, but when fully ripe it turns yellow. There is a slight red blush. The pulp is dense, crispy, fine-grained, medium juicy. The fruits are sweet and sour, the aroma is delicate. The average weight of one apple is 200 g, sometimes large specimens weigh 400 g.
The advantages of the variety include abundant, annual fruiting, which begins 6-7 years after planting the seedling. From 55 to 80 kg of crop is harvested from one mature tree. Full ripening of the fruit occurs in mid-December.
The variety was bred by the famous breeder Sergei Ivanovich Isaev. During breeding, two varieties of apple trees were used: Pepin Saffron and Anis Polosaty.
The plant is vigorous, stocky, and looks similar to a small oak. The branches are powerful and large, the crown is dense. The leaves are large, dark green. The fruits are medium in size, weighing about 200 g. The shape is round-conical, the peel is smooth, creamy with red stripes.
Fruiting begins in the third year after planting. With proper care, gardeners can harvest more than 230 kg of fruit per season from one plant. The fruits are stored almost until May, maintaining their marketable appearance, and also remain suitable for raw consumption and for technical processing.
It is unknown exactly when the variety was obtained. The apple tree received its name in honor of the father of Lev Platonovich Simirenko. He believed that the variety was the result of accidental crossing. IN State Register The variety was introduced into the Soviet Union in 1947.
The plant is tall, characterized by a wide-round, spreading crown. The bark is dark gray, with orange on the sunny side. The leaves have an elongated, ovoid shape, light green color with a glossy surface. The fruits are medium or large, regular round in shape. When technically ripe, the peel is light green in color, but during storage it turns yellow. The average weight of an apple is 150-200 g. The pulp of the fruit is creamy-white, tender, juicy. The fruits are sweet, slightly spicy.
This is a high-yielding variety. 140-170 kg of fruits are harvested from one adult plant. Fruiting occurs 4-5 years after planting. The fruits ripen in the second half of September to mid-October. When properly stored, the fruits do not lose their quality until next year.
No one knows exactly how the Antonovka variety appeared. Some argue that this is an accidental hybrid of a cultivated variety with a wild forest apple tree. It is generally accepted that the apple tree comes from the Tula or Kursk regions. The variety was first described by N.I. Krasnoglazov in 1848.
The plant is vigorous, has an oval crown, which, as the plant matures, becomes spherical and spreading. The bark of young branches and shoots becomes brown. The leaves are oblong, bright green. The fruits are small, their weight does not exceed 160 g. During the ripening period, the peel becomes green with a yellow tint. During storage, the fruits turn completely yellow. The pulp is light, sweet, the taste of acid is strong.
Fruiting begins 7-8 months after planting. Full ripening of the fruit occurs at the end of September-beginning of October. The number of fruits increases as the tree grows. From a 20-year-old plant, up to 200 kg of apples can be harvested per year. The fruits are stored for a long time, about three months. With proper care, shelf life can increase to 4 months.
This is a winter apple variety obtained by breeders of the Belarusian Research Institute by crossing the Belarusian Raspberry variety and the Newtosh and Babushkino hybrid. Antey was included in the State Register of Belarus as a particularly valuable variety for productivity.
The plant is of medium height, does not exceed three meters. The crown has a pyramidal-round shape. The branches are light brown in color, and the young shoots are dominated by dark brown bark. The leaves are large, oval, dark green in color. The fruits are large, weighing on average 200 g or more. The shape is round-conical, slightly flattened. The peel is green. The pulp is greenish, juicy. Apples are sweet and sour, the aroma is subtle.
Fruiting begins in the third year after planting the seedling. Productivity reaches 50 kg per plant. The variety is characterized by increased resistance to frost, average resistance to pests and scab. The fruits are harvested in September-October. Apples are fully ripened a few months after harvest. Stored until May next year.
There are better varieties that are especially valued for their sweet taste, excellent taste and commercial qualities. These include several varieties that have received recognition from most gardeners.
This is a fast-growing winter variety, bred by breeders of the Institute of Fruit Growing of the Republic of Belarus about 20 years ago. The variety was included in the State Register of Russia in 2005.
The tree is medium-sized, grows quickly, reaching a height of three meters by 8-9 years. It has a predominant round or round-conical crown. The fruits are large, weighing about 160-180 g. The shape of the apples is round, sometimes asymmetrical. The peel is smooth, dense, green-yellow in color. When they reach full maturity, the apples turn yellow. The light flesh is coarse-grained, semi-oily, tender, sweet and juicy. The aroma is light.
The fruits are removed from the tree in September-October. Full ripening occurs two months after harvest. The fruits are stored well until February.
The apple tree variety was bred at the Samara Experimental Station in the mid-20th century by breeder S.P. Kedrin. At that time, the breeder was actively involved in crossing different types of apple trees. This is how he managed to develop this unique variety.
The plant is medium-sized, the bark is brown. The shoots are smooth, straight, brown-red in color. The tree does not exceed 6 meters in height. It has a wide, dense crown of a rounded pyramidal shape. The leaves are medium-sized, oval-oblong, green in color. The fruits are medium in size, weighing from 90 to 130 g, sometimes reaching 300 g. The shape is round. The peel is dense, shiny, yellow with stripes of a bright red hue. The pulp is fine-grained and tender. The taste is sweet and sour.
The fruits reach technical maturity in the first half of September. The tree begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting. Some plants begin to bloom in the second year. The advantages of the variety include high consumer and commercial properties.
This is a columnar variety that appeared in 1987 at the Moscow Institute of Horticulture. Breeding was carried out by breeders N.G. Morozova and V.V. Kinchin. During selection, seeds of the donor (gene) KV 103 were used. The apple tree received its official name in 1993.
The height of the tree does not exceed 2-2.2 m. The tree is columnar in shape, the crown is compact. The leaves are large, elongated, green in color. The fruits are round, medium and large in size. One fruit weighs from 100 to 250 g. The peel is dense, white-yellow in color. The pulp is juicy, coarse-grained, white, sweet. The taste is honey.
From a five-year-old plant you can get about 9 kg of fruit. With age, productivity decreases significantly. The plant can bear fruit for up to 15 years, and can grow up to 50 years. The advantages include the compactness of the plant. Disadvantages include a short shelf life - no more than 1 month.
Korobovka is an old early summer variety of folk selection. S.I. Isaev was involved in its breeding. The variety was first scientifically described in 1855. There is an assumption that the apple tree got its name due to the fact that the fruits were sold not by weight or individually, but in boxes, like berries.
The plant is medium-sized, resistant to cold. The crown is shaped like a broom. The shoots are dark brown in color. The leaves are slightly curved, rounded-elliptical in shape, dark green in color. The fruits are small, their weight does not exceed 40 g. The advantage is a pronounced aroma. The apples are flat-round, their peel is greenish-yellow with cherry-red stripes. The pulp is light, juicy, sweet.
The variety begins to bear fruit 5-7 years after planting. The harvest takes 10, sometimes 15 years. Full ripening of apples occurs at the end of July-beginning of August. One adult plant produces up to 70 kg of fruit.
The cultivation of this summer variety began back in the 30s of the 20th century. Selection work was carried out by a famous biologist - Isaev S.I. Lungwort was obtained by crossing two varieties - Cinnamon Striped and Wesley.
The tree is tall, reaches a height of 4-5 meters, the crown is wide and powerful. The leaves are oval, long, dark green. The fruits are medium in size, weighing from 100 to 150 g. The peel is yellow-green with a red blush. The apples are round in shape, slightly flattened. The pulp is light cream, dense, juicy, sweet.
The plant begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting. The fruits ripen at the end of August. The average yield per tree is about 180 kg. The advantages of the Medunitsa variety include increased resistance to frost and scab.
Green-skinned apples are especially valued not only by gardeners, but also by those who know about the beneficial properties of fruits. The best varieties of apple trees include several varieties.
The variety was bred in 1868. The first fruits were obtained in New South Wales. In 1935, the variety appeared in England, in 1976 - in the USA and Canada. Breeding work Mary Ann Smith, a national breeder, was engaged in the process; she managed to obtain the variety by pollinating an Australian apple tree from a wild French one.
The tree is of medium height, is a natural semi-dwarf, and has a spreading crown. The fruits ripen large, their weight reaches up to 300 g. The peel is rich green, the apples are round or slightly oval. There are brown-red inclusions. The pulp is light, juicy, sweet and sour.
The fruits begin to ripen at the end of September. At the right conditions The shelf life is long - until the next harvest. Care consists of regular pruning and fertilizing.
Mid-season variety of unknown origin. The seedling was accidentally found in Southern Virginia more than a hundred years ago. After that, he was recognized throughout the world. Gardeners like this variety for its ease and simplicity in growing and caring.
The crown of the plant has the shape of a cone; as it matures, it expands and becomes rounded. The leaves are oval, wide, bright green. The fruits are elongated, large, weigh up to 200 g. At the moment of technical maturity, the peel is light green in color; during the period of full ripening it becomes golden yellow. Apples are smooth, elongated, almost always the same shape. There are small subcutaneous black dots. The pulp is juicy and sweet. The fruits smell nice.
The plant begins to bear fruit in the second or third year after planting. Harvest begins in mid to late September. The variety is characterized by high yield. Seven-year-old trees can produce 250-300 centners per hectare.
Red varieties of apple trees appeal to most gardeners. When ripe, the fruits look colorful on the trees, decorating the garden. There are several best varieties of red apples.
This winter variety was bred in the USA and obtained from a spontaneous mutation that arose on the Delicious apple tree. A branch with red apples grew on the tree - it was clearly visible. Russian scientists came to the conclusion that this is a valuable specimen and included it in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
The plant is medium in size, can reach about 5.5 m in height. The crown has an oval shape, and in adulthood it becomes flattened and spherical. The branches are medium in thickness. The leaves are large with jagged edges and dark green in color. When fully ripe, the fruits become a rich red color and weigh from 100 to 300 g. The pulp is light green, juicy, crispy, and aromatic. The taste is sweet and sour.
The harvest is harvested from late September to late October. About 150 kg of fruits are obtained from one plant (ten years old). Due to their rough peel, apples are stored for a long time and transported over long distances without damage.
Florina is the result of the work of French breeders, who used several varieties in the process - seedling Malus floribunda 821, Starking, Rum Beauty, as well as the famous Golden Delicious and Jonathan. As a result of numerous repeated crossings of hybrids, it was possible to obtain a variety.
The tree is medium-sized, reaches a height of up to three meters. Plants grown on dwarf rootstock grow up to two meters. The trees have a broadly rounded crown. The shape of the fruit is more cylindrical, sometimes round-conical, slight asymmetry is noticeable. Weight ranges from 110 to 150 g. The peel is dense, elastic, yellow in color with a rich red blush. The pulp is greenish-white, juicy, tender. The aroma is pleasant. The taste is sweet and sour.
The tree begins to bear fruit 4-5 years after planting. Productivity increases over the years. Gardeners harvest from 5 to 10 kg of fruit from a five-year-old plant; about 60-70 kg of apples are harvested from a 10-year-old apple tree. The advantages of the variety include high resistance to diseases and the possibility of long-term storage.
This is an old variety, developed in the early 19th century in North America. When crossing, we used the Aesop variety and the Spitzenburg apple tree. It is believed that the variety got its name in honor of Jonathan Hingley, whose wife developed a new variety from a Connecticut local variety used for making cider.
The trees are medium-sized. The plant is characterized by a wide, round crown, medium-sized leaves with a matte, green surface. The fruits are medium-sized, weigh 100-150 g. The peel is glossy, thin, green in color with a rich red blush. Ripe apples acquire a light yellow tint. The pulp is white with a greenish tint, then becomes light yellow. The taste is delicate and sweet.
The plant begins to bear fruit at 6, sometimes at 4-5 years. Young plants produce about 20 kg of fruit. Trees 10 years old or more produce twice as much yield. The fruits are harvested from mid-September to mid-October. Apples can be stored until March if kept in a cool place.
The apple tree was developed in Canada in 1906. For selection, seeds of the McIntosh variety were used - they were subjected to a free pollination process. In 1920, the variety became especially popular; not only ordinary gardeners, but also famous breeders began to grow it.
The trees are medium-sized and have an oval crown. After growth ends, the crown becomes rounded and thinned out. Young shoots have a cherry hue. The leaves are large, bright green, ovoid. The fruits are large, weighing up to 180 g. The shape is round or slightly conical, elongated. The peel during the period of technical ripeness is yellow-green, during ripening it acquires a red tint. The pulp is white, fine-grained. The fruits are sweet, slightly sour, juicy.
Plants begin to bear fruit in 3-4 years. Harvest occurs at the end of November. Up to 380 kg of fruits are collected from one mature tree. They are stored until January at temperatures from 2 to 7 degrees.
The variety appeared in 1951 in Germany. Crossbreeding was carried out by German breeders who used two varieties - Glockenapfrel and Richard Delicious. The apple tree not only received positive qualities from its parents, but also acquired increased resistance to frost. In Russia, the variety has become popular not only among gardeners, but also in the processing industry.
The tree is fast growing and has a pyramidal or highly oval shape. The fruits are large, round, weigh from 180 to 200 g. The peel is light yellow with a raspberry-red blush. The peel is thin and smooth. The pulp is creamy, dense, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, the aroma is pronounced.
Fruiting occurs 4 years after planting. The harvest is harvested at the end of September. From an adult apple tree they harvest from 40 to 75 kg. The harvest can be stored normally in a cool place for four months. Transportation is well tolerated.
Central Russia is the European part of the country, characterized by a temperate continental climate. To grow apple trees and easily care for them, it is necessary to take into account the varietal characteristics that are inherent in the climate of temperate latitudes. There are several best varieties of apples for central Russia.
The variety was bred by breeder S.P. Kedrin, who crossed the Borovinka apple tree and the American variety Wagner. Zhigulevskoye is an autumn, high-yielding variety that has gained popularity in Russia.
The plant is medium-sized, has a wide-pyramidal or highly rounded crown, which acquires during the fruiting period. The crown is not very thick. The shoots and trunk are dark brown. The leaves are large, oblong, ovoid, dark green in color. The fruits are large, weighing from 120 to 200 g. The apples are round, sometimes wide-ribbed. The peel is dense, oily, light yellow in color with a bright red blush. There are many dots under the skin gray. The pulp is creamy, coarse-grained. The taste is sweet and sour.
The variety is characterized by early fruiting and high yield. The first fruits appear in the 4th or 5th year after planting. Up to 240 kg of fruits are collected from one tree. Depending on the weather, the fruits ripen in early September.
The breeding of the variety was carried out by the Russian breeder Chernenko S.F., who managed to get Zvezdochka by crossing the Anis apple tree and the Lithuanian Pepinka variety. The variety was developed for many years until good results were obtained.
The apple tree grows large, reaching a height of more than 5 meters. The crown of the tree is spreading, weighty, and round in shape. The leaves are small, oval-shaped, jagged, dark green in color. The fruits are round, flattened, medium in size, weigh up to 130 g. The peel of the apples is smooth, light green in color, there is a rich red blush along the entire plane of the fruit. The pulp is fine-grained, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour.
Fruiting occurs 3-5 years after planting the apple tree. The harvest is harvested from September to October. Peak productivity begins in the 7-10th year, at which time the plant produces 100 kg of fruit per season. In order not to encounter a drop in yield, the gardener must follow the rules of care.
The famous breeder Isaev was involved in breeding the variety. The scientist crossed cultivated and wild varieties of apples. In 1961, the breeder managed to achieve good results, as a result of which the Uslada variety was obtained, resistant to severe frosts and scab.
The plant is medium-sized, its height reaches 3-4 meters, therefore it is often classified as a dwarf crop. The young tree has a round crown, then it becomes oval. The peel is green, there is a bright crimson blush.
There are noticeable small gray dots under the skin. The pulp is white, slightly pinkish. The fruits are large, weigh up to 170 g. The taste is sweet and sour, reminiscent of raspberries. The aroma is delicate.
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