One of the newest modern materials for the manufacture of pipelines is polyethylene. On the market you can find a huge range of HDPE pipes with various characteristics that indicate their durability and efficiency. Below we will look at the technical characteristics of HDPE pipes that differ, and what their effectiveness is in certain situations.
PMD pipes have special performance properties, due to which they have found their use in many types of communications. The technical characteristics of low-density polyethylene pipes vary, which is why one or another type can be used in certain conditions.
In other words, pipes that are suitable for installation in non-pressure water supply systems cannot be installed in high pressure systems. For example, when installing power or communication lines, it is not advisable to use pressure pipes, since their price is much higher and you will have to overpay.
To correctly determine the brand of pipe, you need to rely on the markings indicated on the pipe and in the attached certificate. All pipes must comply with international standard ISO/TC SC4 No. 651 and GOST standards.
If you look at the pipe, you can see a continuous longitudinal stripe on it. The blue color of the HDPE pipe designation indicates that the pipe should be used in cold water supply systems. If the stripe is yellow, then it is a gas pipe.
Other types of pipes are not marked, but if there is no stripe, this does not mean that the pipe cannot be used for its intended purpose.
According to ISO requirements, for ease of operation, each linear meter is marked with the required information and characteristics.
The marking is embossed and contains the following information:
Some of the available technical characteristics of HDPE pipes are acquired from the material used. Today, four types of low-density polyethylene are used in the production of pipes: PE 63, 80, 100 and 100+. However, sometimes polyethylene labeled PE 33 is also found on sale.
From the markings you can guess that PE is polyethylene, and the numbers indicate the ability of the walls to constantly withstand the minimum pressure of the substance transported through the pipes. The service life is usually 50 years. The numbers 63, 80 and 100 indicate that the pipes can withstand 6.3; 8 and 10 MPa, respectively.
Pipe Size Standards
The dimensions of HDPE pipes, that is, diameters, are also formed in accordance with the international standard ISO 161-1.1996, according to which the external sections of pipes range from 10 to 1200 mm (for more details: “What are the diameters of HDPE pipes, types, characteristics”). In addition to the cross-section, pipes are also characterized by the thickness of their wall.
SDR Ratio
Manufacturers do not set wall thickness by chance, but using special standard dimensional ratios SDR (Standard Dimension Ratio). It indicates the dependence of the nominal outer section of the pipe on its nominal wall thickness, and can be marked as follows: SDR 41, SDR 26, SDR 11 and so on.
Separately, it is worth noting that with the same standard sizes, HDPE SDR pipes may differ, that is, the wall thickness will be different. The higher the SDR, the wider the wall; accordingly, the thicker it is, the greater the pressure that can be applied to the pipe. Thickening of the walls entails a reduction in the internal cross-section of the pipe, reducing the throughput of the pipe over the same period of time.
Selecting the correct sizes of HDPE pipes for water supply is very important, because it will be decisive in determining the installation method. SDR indicators will be decisive for achieving normal hoop strength and maximum pressure permissible for a particular water supply system.
If it is planned to lay open pipes, then these parameters may vary slightly, however, if the pipes are laid in the ground, the pipe will also experience earth pressure. As an option, you can equip the pipes with an additional protective casing made of concrete to resist excess pressure. If the installation of such boxes is not provided, you will need to select a HDPE pipe with a sufficient cross-section and walls, that is, when choosing, you need to know exactly what pressure the HDPE pipe can withstand.
It is worth noting that the larger the cross-section of the pipe, and the more it will be subjected to loads, the more carefully you should select the desired SDR parameter. If the indicator is underestimated, then the pipe will not be able to transfer the required volume of substance to the consumer, and if it is too high, then due to the thin walls, the pipes may simply not withstand the supplied pressure.
Since with an increase in the cross-section of the pipe and the thickness of its wall, its mass also increases (it is indicated by the manufacturer in the documentation), this factor must be taken into account when planning the supporting surfaces.
The characteristics of HDPE pipes are determined by the type of polyethylene used. The softness of the material gives the pipes flexibility, fluidity and sufficient thermal expansion.
These indicators make it possible to use PE pipes in some conditions, and make it impossible to use them in others. For example, if the pipe has high ductility, it can be laid in loaded areas, such as roads, crossings, parking lots, and so on.
It is best if HDPE pipes are used as:
It is worth noting that simple polyethylene PE-63 has a porous structure through which air can be sucked into the water supply system. As a result, the pipes may begin to vibrate, generating unpleasant noises. To eliminate these problems, various types of air traps and other similar devices are built into the systems. If you use pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene, then such disadvantages can be avoided.
However, pipes made of low-density polyethylene are more often used for hot water supply and heating. Since such pipes can be significantly deformed due to exposure to high temperatures, some measures must be taken to ensure the normal functioning of the system.
The following activities can be carried out:
The positive side is that due to their low thermal conductivity, PE pipes have minimal heat loss during water transportation. Heating risers are usually installed from PE pipes with low linear elongation.
Due to their high plasticity, such pipes are able to withstand freezing of water in them - they easily expand and return to their original shape.
However, it should not be assumed that externally located pipelines can be completely open. It is definitely worth considering the insulation of the pipes, and if they are laid in the soil, then the depth of freezing of the soil should be taken into account. Initially, it is difficult to say how many freezing cycles a HDPE pipe can withstand, since such indicators are not standardized according to technical characteristics. Please note that the resulting ice plug will not allow you to use the pipeline until it melts.
Above, we looked at the diameters of HDPE pipes for sewerage, as well as in what cases it is more advisable to lay certain types of PE pipes. If you clearly understand all their characteristics, then in the end you can build a truly effective system for transporting water or gas, capable of functioning even in the most aggressive environments.
HDPE pipes: technical characteristics, dimensions, PMD range for water supply and sewerage, what pressure can withstand, diameters
Various pipes are used to install piping systems. The market offers a large selection of varieties of pipe products. A popular type of product is pipes made of low-density polyethylene. They vary in size, characteristics and application possibilities. When choosing HDPE pipes, linear parameters are of great importance.
Among all the variations in the sizes of these pipe products, the most linear ones are important. They mean the following:
Note that parameters such as wall thickness and overall length are measured using standard methods. As for the diameter of these products, it can be indicated in different sizes for one pipe. It all depends on the method, which is used in the measurement.
When choosing low-pressure polyethylene pipes, special attention must be paid to method of measuring pipe diameter. This measurement should be similar to measurements for other system components.
For most modern pipe products, markings, in accordance with GOST, are written directly on their surface. It may indicate a specific diameter value depending on one of the measurement methods. Russian manufacturers of pipe products most often indicate the outer diameter of the pipe on their surface. But foreign companies record the internal diameter on the surface.
Products that are made of solid polymer materials can be made in a variety of sizes - from the smallest to the largest. As for their size, it may vary in the range from 10 to 1600 mm. At the same time, their sizes can also change.
Length of the product
Pipe products, which have a diameter of up to 160 mm, are usually supplied by manufacturers in coils or coils. Their length can vary from 100 to 500 meters. However, sometimes they are simply cut into specific lengths. Products with large wall thickness, starting with a diameter of 160 mm, are produced in the form of segments of a certain length. Typically it varies from 3 to 12 m.
For small and large products, the wall thickness may vary:
I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the most important indicator is ratio of product diameter to thickness. Based on it, you can determine the strength of a particular pipeline. This marking characteristic is recorded with the SDR index.
For HDPE products, the value of the SDR coefficient can vary in the range from 6 to 41. You should know that the lower its value, the greater the loads a pipeline from such a pipe can withstand. In the case of HDPE products, the diameter will be as follows:
Low pressure polyethylene pipes can be used when installing gas and water supply systems. They are also used when constructing a drainage system when laying sewer networks. Note that HDPE pipes are manufactured for different systems, differing in size.
HDPE water pipes. Manufacturers produce them with a diameter from 16 to 1200 mm. In the process of installing systems from these products for irrigation or water supply of low-rise buildings, products with a thickness of 16-25 mm are used. The use of products with a larger width in such cases is irrational. They are used mainly to ensure water supply to a large number of consumers.
When laying gas mains, high-strength polyethylene pipes are used. Their diameter varies from 20 to 225 mm.
For the installation of sewerage systems, the best choice is to use pipe products with a diameter of at least 110 mm. The use of products with a lower value of this parameter can lead to blockages during operation of the sewerage system.
Various installation methods are used to connect individual sections of polyethylene pipes into a single system. Most common detachable and permanent installation methods.
To perform soldering of HDPE pipelines, the following methods can be used:
Butt method. When using it, the joined sections are heated to the melting temperature, and after that they are glued together, then a welding seam appears. This method of connecting HDPE pipes is used for assembling pipelines with an outer diameter of no more than 50 mm. Using it, it is not possible to connect products of small thickness.
Electrofusion method. Its use involves the use of a special coupling, which has a built-in spiral heated by electric welding current. The use of this method imposes certain restrictions on the diameter of pipe sections that can be connected by this method. Their maximum size should not be more than 160 mm. For small diameters, using this joining method is an ideal solution. It is especially effective in cases where pipe connection work is carried out in cramped conditions.
Please note that when making pipes from polyethylene, it is permissible for the value of this parameter to deviate from the nominal value by no more than 1 mm. However, even this a small deviation is often enough so that components from different manufacturers do not fit each other. Therefore, it is optimal to purchase pipe products from one manufacturer to create a communication system.
HDPE pipes are often used in the installation of heating and water supply systems. When choosing, pay great attention to the linear dimensions of products. The strength and permeability of the pipeline largely depends on these indicators. It is important not only to choose the right pipes for installing the communication system, but also perform quality installation. There are various ways to connect these pipes. By choosing the appropriate option, you can simplify the task of constructing a pipeline and ensure the reliability of its operation.
HDPE pipes: key parameters, table of diameters, installation methods
Currently, during the construction or repair of external water supply and gas supply networks of private houses and cottages, plastic or polyethylene pipes - HDPE - are used.
HDPE pipes have a number of advantages, low cost and long service life.
HDPE pipe photo, supplied in one piece of 100 meters
Polyethylene is produced by the polymerization of ethylene, a well-known organic compound and a common raw material for the chemical industry. HDPE pipes are manufactured by continuous extrusion of molten raw materials.
Explanation of the name of HDPE pipes made of polyethylene
PE pipes stand for “polyethylene pipes”.
The abbreviation HDPE stands for “low-density polyethylene”. This is the name of the material from which the pipe is made.
There are two main technological processes for producing polyethylene:
Thus, the abbreviation HDPE in the name of the pipes means the features of the manufacturing technology and the characteristics of the raw materials.
HDPE pipes for water supply
The international name HDPE indicates high density polyethylene.
HDPE has a number of useful properties that make it possible to produce pipes from it.
HDPE polyethylene pipes must be produced in Russia in accordance with the quality standards prescribed in GOST 18599-2001.
The purpose of HDPE pipes for water supply is the laying of pipelines and water and gas supply systems.
HDPE technical pipes can be used for sewage systems, as well as protective ducts, cable ducts, for drainage, etc.
Polyethylene has high strength and a long service life; in addition, it is an environmentally friendly material that does not emit toxic substances into the external environment.
HDPE pipes have a favorable ratio of characteristics, long service life and price.
Thanks to this combination, they are widely used for laying pipelines for gas supply systems, sewerage systems, as pipes for household and drinking water supply, for internal wiring and underground laying of cables, etc.
Types and cost
Polyethylene pipes HDPE 100 (sdr 11, 13.6, 17, 17.6, 21 and 26) are pipes based on the PE 80 series. This modification has improved characteristics, they can withstand high operating pressure, have a maximum tensile strength (1000 hours at internal tension, this means that the pipe will not crack if the water inside freezes) and has good resistance to mechanical damage;
HDPE 80 polyethylene pipes are lightweight and reliable products that do not require additional protection. They have a long service life.
The price for PE 80 polyethylene pipes (for gas pipelines) is usually lower than for PE 100 pipes, since medium pressure polyethylene is used in production.
Prices for HDPE PE 80 pipes, average in rubles per 1 linear meter.
Prices for HDPE PE 100 pipes for water supply, average in rubles per 1 linear meter.
There is another important indicator in pipe marking - SDR, which is calculated as the ratio of the outer diameter to the wall thickness.
The lower the SDR value, the higher the operating pressure the pipe can withstand.
For example: with SDR9 the operating pressure is 20 atmospheres, with SDR9 - 16 atm, with SDR13.6 - 12.5 atm, with SDR17 - 10 atm, and so on.
Manufacturers guarantee that when transporting water at operating pressure and temperature of 20°C, the service life of the pipe is at least 50 years.
Marking and description of characteristics on the HDPE pipe
HDPE pipes for water supply are produced in accordance with international standards black with applied longitudinal blue stripe. A yellow stripe is applied to mark HDPE pipes for gas supply.
Markings indicating the diameter, operating pressure, and temperature must be applied to the side wall of the pipe. Information about the manufacturer is also indicated.
If the product does not have the appropriate marking, this is a violation and calls into question the quality.
Currently, the industry produces HDPE pipes for various purposes and diameters.
In this particular case, we are interested in HDPE pipes for water supply.
The blue stripe indicates that the pipe is intended for cold water supply networks
Advantages of HDPE pipes compared to analogues:
HDPE pipes can be connected in several ways:
HDPE pipes for water supply: price, characteristics, marking
Low pressure polyethylene (HDPE interpretation)- a polymer that has a set of properties that determine
his fame in as starting material for the manufacture of pipes for various purposes.
Polyethylene used for transporting gases and liquids by gravity and under pressure, in the field of insulating materials, for the construction of reservoirs and wells, etc.
Strong interactions between macromolecules determine increased rigidity HDPE, while Impact resistance is maintained. The polymer has good electrical insulating properties because it is a dielectric. It is slightly flammable, does not ignite, but melts, preventing the spread of flame. Adding fire retardants gives the polymer fire resistance.
The disadvantages are low gas permeability, heat resistance, and susceptibility to photodestruction. To increase the resistance of polyethylene to ultraviolet radiation, black pigment (soot) is added to it as a light stabilizer.
Pipes are classified according to operating pressure free-flow And pressure. Non-pressure ones are used in gravity sewer and drainage systems, as well as to protect cables when laid underground and under water.
The polyethylene grades PE63, PE80 and PE100 differ in the structure of their macromolecules. PE63 has low resistance to cracking, PE80 is more resistant, PE100 has high resistance to crack propagation. The use of PE80 and PE100 contributes to a significant reduction in wall thickness compared to PE63 and significantly reduces the cost of feedstock. Pressure pipes PE100 and PE80 can withstand high pressure and are used for the construction of pressure sewer systems and product pipelines for transporting technical liquids with which polyethylene does not interact.
Color bar along the entire length informs about the substances for the transportation of which the pipes will be used.
Blue stripe applied to them for water pipes, yellow- for gas pipelines.
The outer surface of the products must contain markings containing information about the manufacturer, characteristics and scope of use.
At the beginning, the name of the manufacturer is given, then information about technical and operational parameters (product name, brand of raw materials, SDR, outer diameter and wall thickness (mm), working pressure (MPa), production date, purpose (drinking, technical).
Since domestic products produced in accordance with GOST 18599-2001, its number is indicated. In addition, the batch number may be indicated.
Number, SDR and GOST according to the marking of HDPE pipes
For artesian wells release large diameter pipes a special line of standard sizes - diameter 75-180 mm with wall thickness from 7.1 to 16.4 mm. The dimensions determine their working pressure, it is 5-16 MPa.
The length depends on the diameter. The flexibility of HDPE pipes of small diameters allows them to be laid after manufacturing in coils, convenient for storage and transportation. Pressure pipes of small diameters (25-50 mm) are usually produced and laid in coils of 500 m. Variants of larger diameter (63-110 mm) are produced and laid in coils of 200 m. In diameters from 110 to 1600 mm, they are supplied in lengths of 12 and 6 meters.
SDR Ratio Value
S- series, belonging to a certain strength class. An important characteristic is the ratio of the outer diameter of the HDPE pipe to the thickness of its walls SDR description - ( Standard Dimension Ratio), defining maximum wall pressure.
The lower the SDR, the higher the pressure the pipe can withstand.
SDR = D/S, where D is the diameter and S is the wall thickness.
SDR depends on the S series: SDR= 2S + 1, where S corresponds to the standard sizes of the pipe according to GOST 8032.
SDR is a standard indicator with tabular values.
You can read about the technical characteristics of metal-plastic pipes here. And also about their advantages and disadvantages.
Due to the high corrosion and chemical resistance of the pipe HDPE does not require special coatings for protection against the aggressive influence of soils. Unlike metal products, they do not require cathodic protection. Since HDPE is environmentally friendly, they do not have a negative impact on soils and the organisms inhabiting them.
The internal surface remains clean, deposits do not accumulate, so the throughput remains unchanged, which ensures high performance of the polyethylene pipeline throughout its entire service life.
HDPE pipes are highly wear resistant, That's why durable at low cost. The service life is at least 50 years, and the maximum design service life is up to 300 years. Polyethylene products retain their technical characteristics throughout their entire service life.
HDPE pipes resistant to grease and abrasive waste and are used for the installation of sewerage systems and collectors. HDPE technical products are used to protect communication cables during underwater and underground installation. Electrical wires are laid in electrical pipelines when laid hidden under concrete and cement. HDPE round and profile can be used when installing ventilation systems.
Corner connection of HDPE products with markings
HDPE properties such as rigidity, impact resistance, non-toxicity, chemical resistance, etc., make it possible to use products in many fields of activity. Pipes withstand high operating pressures and can be used to supply gases and liquids.
Russian products are manufactured in accordance with GOST 18599-2001. The diameter can range from 16 to 200 mm (with a wall thickness of 1.5 to 16.4 mm). The working pressure is 5-16 MPa, it is reflected by the SDR value.
HDPE products can be used at low temperatures, they can be buried in water, soil and grounds.
HDPE pipes - markings, properties, description and other technical characteristics
Pipes made of low-pressure polyethylene are used for laying communications in various areas of industry, agriculture, housing and communal services and in private households. The determining size of the HDPE pipe is the diameter (mm), which is indicated when marking the product and which must comply with the specifications for construction and installation drawings and diagrams.
When selecting and purchasing pipes, it is necessary not only to check the diameter marked on the product, but also to clarify exactly what size was indicated by a particular manufacturer.
According to GOST 18599-2001, the diameters of polyethylene pipes are determined as:
The average outer is determined by measuring the perimeter of the pipe along the outer part, dividing by π and rounding up to 0.1 mm. The nominal external corresponds to the minimum value of the average external.
To calculate the hydraulic resistance of the route, the internal diameter is important. This is the actual value calculated as a result of measurements - along the perimeter divided by π. It is also customary to use the value of the nominal internal diameter of the HDPE pipe, the definition of which is not in GOST, but, by analogy with metal ones, is defined as a rounded value of the internal diameter. When choosing this characteristic, they are guided by the nominal diameter of the pipeline fittings, fittings and pipes with which the pipe is connected in the route.
The nominal diameter for HDPE pipes is also not defined by Russian standards and in various cases is understood as:
According to GOST, pipes from Russian manufacturers have markings that indicate the manufacturer and product data: nominal outer diameter, ratio of diameter to wall thickness, nominal wall thickness and purpose (drinking, technical).
Imported products may contain their own markings: the diameter of the HDPE pipe can be indicated as external, internal, or nominal. The designation may also contain other information. Check with the seller for specific labeling details of a particular product.
One of the main characteristics for pressure pipelines is the ratio of nominal outer diameter to thickness - SDR. It is this indicator that determines the maximum permissible operating pressure (MOP, MPa) in the pipeline, which the pipe can withstand without compromising its integrity. That is: the lower the SDR, the higher the MOP can be. The relationship between these values is different for different diameters of polyethylene pipes and is calculated using a formula adjusted for the temperature regime of the environment.
GOST also defines the concept of “nominal wall thickness”, which in a product cannot be lower than the S strength indicator approved for each series for long-term (up to 50 years) operation of the system.
According to the standard, HDPE pipes with a diameter of more than 180 mm are produced only in separate products, up to 25 m long. Products of smaller diameter can be supplied in coils.
|
Outer diameter, mm |
Wall thickness, mm |
Weight 1 m, kg |
Wall thickness, mm |
Weight 1 m, kg |
Wall thickness, mm |
Weight 1 m, kg |
Wall thickness, mm |
Weight 1 m, kg |
Wall thickness, mm |
Weight 1 m, kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The main methods of connecting HDPE pipes are:
The connection method depends on the pressure in the pipeline and its purpose, as well as on the diameter of the product.
A large selection of diameters and strength characteristics, as well as low specific gravity, corrosion resistance and high tensile strength are the reasons for the widespread use of HDPE pipes of various diameters:
They are also used in the construction of wells, for insulating and laying cable connections, for underground and above-ground (with ultraviolet protection) installation.
For a long time, metal pipes were used to construct water pipelines and gas mains. With prolonged contact with water, the metal rusted, which led to the failure of entire sections. Later, more functional analogues appeared - HDPE pipes, which we will now get acquainted with.
The abbreviation stands for low-density polyethylene. The pipe is made using extrusion technology: pressing molten raw materials through a mold. The production method includes the following steps:
The initial polymer raw material is loaded into an extrusion hopper, where it melts under the influence of high temperatures. At this stage, additives are added to improve the performance properties of the finished product.
The hopper maintains a given pressure, which promotes compaction of the material: individual molecules are converted into a monolithic crystalline network.
The molten raw material passes through the extrusion head, cooling and taking on a marketable cylindrical shape.
After this, the blanks are fed to a sizing mill, where they are processed to the specified diameter.
At the final stage, markings are applied and the pipes are cut to lengths convenient for storage and sale.
There are 2 groups, depending on the area of application:
Pressure - water supply, heating and sewerage systems.
Non-pressure - casing products that are suitable for high-voltage cables, drainage systems and water wells.
The pipes are resistant to low-temperature effects; in extreme cases, the main line can be insulated. You need to pay attention to the upper temperature bar.
Melting temperature +105 degrees, the pipe begins to soften and deform at +80 .
HDPE pipes are highly resistant to temperature changes and mechanical damage, which significantly expands their intended use. They are used:
Electric installation work.
Irrigation system equipment.
Low pressure gas lines.
Sewage systems.
Hot and cold water supply.
Pipelines with low burial depth.
Wells and wells.
| SDR 6.0 | SDR 9.0 | SDR 13.60 | SDR 21.0 | |
| Wall thickness Sst., mm | ||||
| 2,50 | 4,0 | 6,30 | 10,0 | |
| 160 | 8,13 | 5,61 | 3,77 | |
| 140 | 6,24 | 4,29 | 2,89 | |
| 125 | 6,90 | 4,96 | 3,42 | 2,29 |
| 110 | 5,34 | 3,84 | 2,66 | 1,78 |
| 90 | 3,58 | 2,59 | 1,80 | 1,19 |
| 75 | 2,48 | 1,79 | 1,25 | 0,831 |
| 63 | 1,75 | 1,27 | 0,885 | 0,582 |
| 50 | 1,10 | 0,798 | 0,552 | 0,376 |
| 40 | 0,713 | 0,511 | 0,358 | 0,249 |
| 32 | 0,459 | 0,329 | 0,233 | 0,197 |
| 25 | 0,280 | 0,201 | 0,151 | |
| 20 | 0,182 | 0,134 | ||
| 16 | 0,116 | 0,92 | ||
| 12 | 0,065 | |||
| 10 | 0,052 | |||
| Outer diameter (nominal), mm | |||||||
| SDR6 | SDR7.4 | SDR13.6 | SDR17.6 | SDR21 | SDR 33.0 | SDR41 | |
| Wall thickness Sst., mm | |||||||
| 2,50 | 3,20 | 6,30 | 8,30 | 10,0 | 16,0 | 20,0 | |
| 1600 | 239 | 193 | |||||
| 1400 | 280 | 183 | 148 | ||||
| 1200 | 242 | 206 | 134 | 108 | |||
| 1000 | 214 | 168 | 143 | 93,5 | 75,4 | ||
| 900 | 173 | 136 | 116 | 75,9 | 60,9 | ||
| 800 | 137 | 108 | 91,4 | 59,9 | 48,3 | ||
| 710 | 108 | 84,7 | 72,1 | 47,3 | 38,1 | ||
| 630 | 84,8 | 66,6 | 56,6 | 37,1 | 29,9 | ||
| 560 | 67,1 | 52,6 | 44,8 | 29,4 | 23,6 | ||
| 500 | 92,1 | 53,5 | 42,0 | 35,8 | 23,5 | 19 | |
| 450 | 46,6 | 43,3 | 34,0 | 29,0 | 19,0 | 15,2 | |
| 400 | 69,0 | 59,0 | 34,2 | 26,9 | 22,9 | 15,1 | 12,1 |
| 355 | 54,4 | 46,4 | 27,0 | 21,2 | 18,0 | 11,8 | 9,53 |
| 315 | 42,8 | 36,6 | 21,3 | 16,7 | 14,2 | 9,35 | 7,49 |
| 280 | 33,9 | 28,9 | 16,8 | 13,2 | 11,3 | 7,38 | 5,96 |
| 250 | 27,0 | 23,1 | 13,4 | 10,6 | 8,91 | 5,9 | 4,81 |
| 225 | 21,9 | 18,7 | 10,9 | 8,55 | 7,29 | 4,76 | 3,84 |
| 200 | 17,3 | 14,8 | 8,56 | 6,78 | 5,77 | 3,82 | 3,3 |
| 180 | 14,0 | 12,0 | 6,98 | 5,71 | 5,47 | 3,78 | 2,47 |
| 160 | 11,1 | 9,46 | 5,5 | 4,35 | 3,71 | 2,41 | 1,98 |
| 140 | 8,49 | 7,27 | 4,22 | 3,35 | 2,83 | 1,87 | 1,53 |
| 125 | 6,77 | 5,78 | 3,37 | 2,66 | 2,26 | 1,5 | 1,25 |
| 110 | 5,25 | 4,49 | 2,61 | 2,07 | 1,77 | 1,16 | 0,93 |
| 90 | 3,52 | 3,00 | 1,76 | 1,40 | 1,18 | 0,782 | 0,63 |
| 75 | 2,45 | 2,09 | 1,23 | 0,97 | 0,821 | 0,543 | 0,469 |
| 63 | 1,73 | 1,47 | 0,869 | 0,682 | 0,573 | 0,392 | |
| 50 | 1,47 | 0,935 | 0,545 | 0,436 | 0.369 | ||
| 40 | 0,701 | 0,60 | 0,353 | 0,281 | 0,244 | ||
| 32 | 0,453 | 0,385 | 0,229 | ||||
| 25 | 0,277 | 0,24 | 0,148 | ||||
| 20 | 0,180 | 0,162 | |||||
| 16 | 0,115 | 0,102 | |||||
| 12 | 0,064 | ||||||
| 10 | 0,051 | ||||||
HDPE pipes ∅ up to 110 mm are supplied in coils and in sections of 12 meters.
Pipes with a diameter of more than 110 mm are supplied only in 12-meter lengths.
If we turn to the dry transcript, the abbreviation SDR comes from English Standard Dimension Ratio, which denotes the standard dimensional coefficient. Its essence comes down to the ratio of the diameter to the pipe wall. This value is determined not only by the thickness of the polymer layer, but also by the ability of the product to withstand internal and external loads.
For SDR Inverse proportions are characteristic: the higher the index, the thinner the wall. Therefore, products of the same size group, but with different coefficients SDR have different intended uses. For example:
SDR 13.6- have high strength, therefore they are suitable for capital water supply systems.
SDR 17- pipes with an average rating, which are used in low-rise construction.
SDR 21- not suitable for pressure systems and underground communications.
Note: in all three cases, we are talking about a pipe PE 80.
| SDR 41 | SDR 33 | SDR | SDR | SDR | SDR | SDR | SDR | SDR | SDR | SDR |
| 4 atm. | 4 atm. | 5 atm. | 6 atm. | 7 atm. | 8 atm. | 10 atm. | 12 atm. | 16 atm. | 20 atm. | 25 atm. |
The intended use is indicated by a colored stripe that runs along the side of the product. This means the following:
Blue color - water supply.
Yellow - gas industry.
Lack of color bar - technical needs.
In addition, products are marked according to their ability to withstand a certain pressure. It looks like this:
PE 33- up to 3.3 MPa (such pipes are practically never found).
PE 63- up to 6.3 MPa.
PE 80- up to 8 MPa.
PE 100- up to 10 MPa.
In the international format, such characteristics are designated as RE.
Let's decipher the pipe markings PE 80 SDR13.6 40x1.2 drinking GOST 18599-2001, Where:
SDR13.6- coefficient of ratio between diameter and wall thickness.
40x1.2- pipe diameter and actual wall thickness.
Drinking- the specific application, in our case, is suitable for laying pipelines with drinking water.
GOST 18599-2001- state standard to which this product conforms.
Labeling may include production date and batch number.
In both cases, we are talking about products made of polymer material manufactured by extrusion. Differences in production technology: LDPE - high-density polyethylene. When granules are loaded into an extrusion hopper, high pressure is maintained inside, which affects the performance properties of the finished products.
In particular, high pressure does not promote strong compaction, so the molecules form branched lateral bonds. The result is a more plastic structure, which determines the specific application.
LDPE pipes are used for the installation of:
Reclamation wells
Internal water supply (cold)
Water disposal.
Due to their high ductility, products in this series have proven themselves to be excellent as embedded elements in monolithic construction and insulation of underground power cables.
The maximum permissible temperature of such products is only +40 degrees, so the pipes are not suitable for hot water supply and heating systems.
In addition, LDPE pipes have a large diameter and can be sold in coils up to 100 meters.
Glass wool- a short-lived but affordable insulation that requires additional external insulation.
Basalt insulation- a more functional analogue of the previous material.
Styrofoam- Available in shell form, does not require additional insulation, suitable for repeated use.
A good option would be to purchase an already insulated HDPE pipe. This is a two-layer structure, where an insulating layer is laid on top of a plastic pipe, covered with an outer shell. However, such products are noticeably more expensive.
"PlastPolymer"
The company works with 2009 year, specializes in the production of plastic pipes and fittings. Currently, about 180 product names. Production lines are located in Kazan.
"Ego Engineering"
Moscow company, known on the market for more than 15 years. The company has representative offices in almost all regions of Russia, so the organization is considered one of the largest manufacturers of HDPE pipes in the country. The company's products are known on the market under the PRO AQUA brand.
"VodPolymer"
The company's history began in 1985 year from a small factory for the production of drainage pipes. Now it is the largest enterprise in the Kirov region, having 3 automated production lines.
Also deservedly popular are the products of the Moscow company Politek Pipe and the Sverdlovsk enterprise GC Kontur.
The main parameter for choosing plastic outlets for your home is their size. All diameters of polyethylene pipes are standardized. Depending on the type of manufacture and the admixtures used, permissible overall dimensions can vary significantly.
The basic requirements for the sizes of polyethylene pipes for cold and hot water are given in the document GOST 18599-2001 for Russia and DSTU B V.2.7–151:2008 for Ukraine. Both of these standards are fully compliant with international ISO 4427-1:2007. Its requirements apply to any plastic pressure pipe plastic products.
Main parameters:
Table of diameters and its explanation (I will take as a table – http://trubyplastic.ru/truba-polietilen/tablitsa-razmerov.html – you just write an explanation for it in the following subheadings)
For the production of plastic pipes, low-density polyethylene or HDPE is used. This material is known as high density plastic. To produce such polyethylene, basic grades of polyethylene (HDPE) are used.
Depending on the type of production, needs, equipment used, any HDPE is classified by quality. This material comes in grade 1, grade 2 and highest. According to the area of use, HDPE pipes are, in turn, divided into pressure and non-pressure.
The following grades of polyethylene are currently used for the production of low-pressure pipes:
SDR is another important indicator of polymer products. This is a nonlinear characteristic that determines the ratio of the outer diameter of the pipe to the thickness of the plastic walls. Naturally, the SDR of gas pipes can be much higher than that of water supply conductors.
Depending on the needs, this indicator can have a ratio from 41 to 6. For example, a pipe with a diameter of 1000 mm and a minimum permissible wall thickness of 25 will have a ratio of 40. For high-density polyethylene, the ratio is maintained within the range of 15–20. According to SDR, experts calculate the maximum pressure that is permissible in the water supply system at a temperature of 20 degrees (for cold water) and 40 degrees (for hot water).
Why is this parameter matching so important? A high SDR indicates good cross-country ability, but thin walls. Then, a low SDR is a sign of low permeability, but high strength and density of bends.
Here S is the series coefficient. It is a standard indicator, which is determined from a table of standard sizes. For the calculation, the parametric series R10 is used.
The diameters of polyethylene pipes are also strictly standardized. Unlike gas pipes, water supply systems are manufactured in the range from 10 to 300 mm. In some cases, it is also possible to use a 600 mm pipe, but exclusively as an external non-pressure sewer system.
The most common are low pressure polyethylene pipes of 20 mm, 25 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm and 160 mm. To calculate their internal diameter, which, by the way, is not indicated in the standard marking, you need to subtract the wall thickness from the outer diameter. Fittings are calculated in a similar way.
The resulting difference will be the internal diameter. Naturally, having all this data, you can also easily calculate the SDR for the pipes. For diameter 20, the minimum ratio between diameter and wall should be 2.8.
The thicker the pipe wall, the higher its weight. Naturally, a branch pipe with a diameter of 200 m and SDR 15 will weigh several times more than a branch pipe with a diameter of 225 mm and SDR 10. The optimal wall thickness depends on the nominal diameters and can be from 3 to 59 mm.
For the initial calculation of the required size, you can use the nominal diameter and permissible SDR. As stated above, the higher the SDR, the stiffer the pipe will be. But, please note that connections with dimensions above 1000 mm (1400 mm, 1600 mm) do not have the preferred standard sizes for wall thickness.
Table No. 1: Estimated weight of 1 meter of polyethylene pipe without perforation.
| d | SDR 6 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 13,6 | 17 | 17,6 | 21 | 26 | 33 | 41 |
| S 2.5 | S 3.2 | S 4 | S 5 | S 6.3 | S 8 | S 8.3 | S 10 | S 12.5 | S 16 | S 20 | |
| 16 | 0,126 | 0,104 | 0,092 | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ |
| 20 | 0,183 | 0,165 | 0,135 | 0,119 | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ |
| 25 | 0,281 | 0,243 | 0,214 | 0,173 | 0,152 | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ |
| 32 | 0,457 | 0,389 | 0,330 | 0,282 | 0,235 | 0,197 | 0,197 | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ |
| 40 | 0,709 | 0,608 | 0,516 | 0,437 | 0,368 | 0,302 | 0,286 | 0,255 | ─ | ─ | ─ |
| 50 | 1,096 | 0,945 | 0,797 | 0,674 | 0,558 | 0,462 | 0,433 | 0,383 | 0,322 | ─ | ─ |
| 63 | 1,737 | 1,482 | 1,268 | 1,062 | 0,884 | 0,731 | 0,691 | 0,590 | 0,504 | ─ | ─ |
| 75 | 2,747 | 2,397 | 2,068 | 1,769 | 1,539 | 1,318 | 0,981 | 1,130 | 0,978 | ─ | ─ |
| 90 | 3,646 | 3,026 | 2,571 | 2,150 | 1,796 | 1,485 | 1,420 | 1,212 | 1,005 | ─ | ─ |
| 110 | 5,279 | 4,532 | 3,819 | 3,187 | 2,659 | 2,208 | 2,090 | 1,816 | 1,474 | ─ | ─ |
| 125 | 6,810 | 5,833 | 4,940 | 4,135 | 3,427 | 2,818 | 2,690 | 2,322 | 1,899 | ─ | ─ |
| 140 | 8,549 | 7,328 | 6,189 | 5,155 | 4,292 | 3,538 | 3,390 | 2,909 | 2,397 | ─ | ─ |
| 160 | 11,145 | 9,536 | 8,056 | 6,762 | 5,599 | 4,615 | 4,410 | 3,811 | 3,140 | ─ | ─ |
| 180 | 14,084 | 12,054 | 10,190 | 8,544 | 7,103 | 5,834 | 5,570 | 4,787 | 3,909 | ─ | ─ |
| 200 | 17,387 | 14,908 | 12,598 | 10,534 | 8,710 | 7,197 | 6,920 | 5,927 | 4,843 | ─ | ─ |
| 225 | 22,027 | 18,850 | 15,952 | 13,341 | 11,067 | 9,135 | 8,740 | 7,499 | 6,096 | ─ | ─ |
| 250 | 27,148 | 23,261 | 19,600 | 16,399 | 13,625 | 11,188 | 10,800 | 9,169 | 7,542 | ─ | ─ |
| 280 | 34,066 | 29,171 | 24,638 | 20,564 | 17,076 | 14,059 | 13,500 | 11,577 | 9,413 | ─ | ─ |
| 315 | 43,104 | 36,925 | 31,166 | 26,028 | 21,638 | 17,800 | 17,100 | 14,549 | 11,986 | 9,765 | 7,907 |
| 355 | 54,773 | 46,832 | 39,596 | 33,054 | 27,449 | 22,609 | 21,600 | 18,488 | 15,165 | 12,367 | 10,073 |
| 400 | ─ | 59,463 | 50,208 | 41,944 | 34,789 | 28,630 | 27,500 | 23,549 | 19,209 | 15,724 | 12,747 |
| 450 | ─ | 75,223 | 63,570 | 53,276 | 44,065 | 36,360 | 34,800 | 29,781 | 24,288 | 19,807 | 16,077 |
| 500 | ─ | ─ | 78,336 | 65,538 | 54,374 | 44,817 | 42,900 | 36,745 | 29,963 | 24,430 | 20,006 |
| 560 | ─ | ─ | ─ | 82,119 | 68,232 | 56,162 | 53,700 | 46,007 | 37,575 | 30,759 | 24,938 |
| 630 | ─ | ─ | ─ | 104,034 | 86,235 | 71,119 | 68,100 | 58,110 | 47,597 | 38,796 | 31,539 |
| 710 | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | 110,680 | 91,367 | 86,400 | 75,109 | 61,627 | 50,432 | 41,256 |
| 800 | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | 140,392 | 115,854 | 109,700 | 95,203 | 78,054 | 63,889 | 52,312 |
| 900 | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | 146,555 | 138,900 | 120,461 | 99,096 | 80,922 | 66,001 |
| 1000 | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | 181,120 | 171,300 | 148,822 | 121,823 | 99,687 | 81,703 |
| 1200 | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | 214,207 | 175,458 | 143,415 | 117,618 |
| 1400 | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | 238,657 | 195,464 | 160,058 |
| 1600 | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | 311,998 | 255,108 | 209,023 |
GOST 18599-2001, which is called “Polyethylene pressure pipes,” regulates the quality of pipes and describes their main technical parameters, including the diameters of polyethylene pipes. PE pipes are widely used in the construction and repair of pipelines, arrangement of swimming pools, in automatic irrigation systems for plantings, and in the construction of artesian wells (for transporting groundwater).
According to GOST requirements, the internal and external walls of polyethylene pipes used in water supply systems must be smooth, without foreign inclusions, cracks, air bubbles, or cavities. Slight waviness or longitudinal stripes on the surface of the pipes are possible, but only if these defects do not affect the wall thickness and do not exceed the maximum permissible deviations. They are available in black or blue. Sometimes you can find black polyethylene pipes with three blue longitudinal stripes, which are distributed evenly around the circumference and represent markings. Gas pipes are distinguished from water pipes by yellow stripes on the same black background.
Pro tip: Painting polyethylene pipes blue or black is necessary to quickly visually distinguish PE water pipes from products for other purposes.
Polyethylene pipes can be used in various areas of water supply. PE pipes are classified according to the following characteristics:
The brands of polyethylene pipes into which the entire range of PE pipes is divided are as follows:
Each brand has its own characteristics:
One of the important indicators that characterize polyethylene pipes is the standard dimensional ratio or SDR (Standard Dimension Ratio). This parameter is the ratio of the outer diameter (nominal) to the wall thickness (also nominal):
Obviously, as SDR increases, the thickness of the pipe wall decreases, and vice versa, the wall thickness of a PE pipe increases, the lower the SDR value. Although in practice, the SDR indicator is a standard parameter that takes values according to the table.
The nominal wall thickness of a PE pipe can be calculated using the following formula: 
SDR also depends on the series of polyethylene pipe (S): 
where S is the value corresponding to the standard size of the existing polyethylene pipe, which is selected according to GOST 8032 from the R10 series and is equal to 2.5; 3.2; 4; 5; 6.3 and 8; 8.3; 10; 12.5 or 16.
A polyethylene pipe series shows how many times the stress that occurs in the pipe wall under the influence of Maximum Operating Pressure (MOP) is greater than this pressure. However, the definition of “pipe series” is irrelevant in practice, since it is an ephemeral characteristic not endowed with physical meaning.
The maximum operating pressure is the pressure at which the service life of the pipeline is at least 50 years, if all operating conditions of the pipes (as well as their transportation and storage) are met. MOP is calculated as follows: 
Pro tip: In order not to make a mistake in choosing a polyethylene pipe that is suitable in each specific case, it is enough to know MRS (characteristics of pipe raw materials) and SDR (main design indicator of the pipe).
You can read about the purpose and characteristics of specific types of pipes depending on the SDR and PE indicators in the article ““.
The main competitor of polyethylene pipes are welded water and gas steel pipes of small diameters (Du 10-Du 50, diameter 57-210 mm). Meanwhile, most factories producing polyethylene pipes have mastered the production of large-diameter PE pipes, which favors the fact that in the near future, polyethylene pipes will forever displace their metal counterparts from the market.
PE pipes are manufactured in different diameters (diameter range is from 20 to 1200 mm), as well as different pressures - 5-16 MPa. The length of the pipes depends on the diameter:
More detailed information about the assortment can be found in the table of the relationship between diameter and pipe wall.
Large-diameter polyethylene pipes are in particular demand: they are used in the construction of drainage systems, pressure pipelines, storm drains and sewer collectors. The main advantages of pipes with a large working diameter are:
In order to identify products, the manufacturer carries out marking of polyethylene pipes. It is applied to their outer surface at intervals of 1 m (sometimes less) and includes the following information:
Additionally, the manufacturer can indicate the batch or line number.
Pro tip:
The symbol for polyethylene pipes contains all the main characteristics and looks like this:
As an example, let’s look at the marking “PE 80 SDR 11 – 50 x 4.6 technical GOST 18599-2001”.
Explanation: polyethylene pipe - diameter 50 mm with a wall thickness of 4.6 mm, intended for technical needs and manufactured in accordance with GOST 18599-2001. In its production, low-density polyethylene PE 80 was used.
