Below are the requirements of regulatory documents relating to the premises of a heating point. The above list of requirements is not exhaustive and will expand over time. The technical requirements for the Heat Substation Premises were taken from the regulatory documentation governing the design, installation and operation of engineering systems of residential and public buildings and may differ from similar rules for objects for other purposes.
Clause 16.5 - Chapter 16 Heating points
Equipment for sanitary systems of buildings and structures may be located in the premises of heating points.
In heating points built into residential buildings, pumps with an acceptable (low) noise level should be installed only.
Clause 16.20 - Chapter 16 Heating points
A drain should be installed in the floor of the heating unit, and if it is impossible to drain water by gravity, a drainage pit should be equipped with a size of at least 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.8 m. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.
It is allowed to drain water not into a sump or drain of a heating point, but into special containers.
A single sump pump should be used to pump water from the catch basin to the sewer system, drainage system or associated drainage system.
A pump designed to pump water from a catchment pit is not allowed to be used for flushing a heat consumption system.
Clause 12.3 - Chapter 12 Pumping units
Pumping units supplying water for domestic drinking, fire-fighting and circulation needs should, as a rule, be located in the premises of heating points, boiler rooms and boiler rooms.
Clause 12.4 - Chapter 12 Pumping units
It is not allowed to locate pumping units (except for fire departments) directly under residential apartments, children's or group rooms of kindergartens and nurseries, classrooms of secondary schools, hospital premises, workrooms of administrative buildings, auditoriums of educational institutions and other similar premises.
Pumping units with fire-fighting pumps and hydropneumatic tanks for internal fire extinguishing are allowed to be located in the first and basement floors of buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance made of non-combustible materials. In this case, the premises of pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, fenced off with fire walls (partitions) and ceilings and have a separate exit to the outside or to the staircase.
Notes:
Clause 10.8 - Chapter 10 Space planning and design solutions
With centralized heat supply to buildings, they must provide premises for individual heating points, which must meet the requirements of the standards for the design of heating networks. To place electronic devices for commercial heat consumption metering, it is necessary to provide premises protected from unauthorized access that meet the requirements for the operation of these devices.
BTP - Block heating point - 1var. - this is a compact thermal-mechanical installation of complete factory readiness, located (placed) in a block container, which is an all-metal supporting frame with fencing made of sandwich panels.
IHP in a block container is used to connect heating, ventilation, hot water supply and technological heat-using installations of an entire building or part of it.
BTP - Block heating point - 2var. It is manufactured in a factory and supplied for installation in the form of ready-made blocks. May consist of one or more blocks. The block equipment is mounted very compactly, usually on one frame. Typically used when it is necessary to save space, in cramped conditions. Based on the nature and number of connected consumers, the BTP can be classified as either an ITP or a central heating substation. Supply of ITP equipment according to specifications - heat exchangers, pumps, automation, shut-off and control valves, pipelines, etc. - supplied in separate items.
BTP is a fully factory-ready product, which makes it possible to connect reconstructed or newly constructed facilities to heating networks in the shortest possible time. The compactness of the BTP helps to minimize the equipment placement area. An individual approach to the design and installation of block individual heating units allows us to take into account all the client’s wishes and translate them into the finished product. guarantee for the BTP and all equipment from one manufacturer, one service partner for the entire BTP. ease of installation of the BTP at the installation site. Manufacturing and testing of BTP in the factory - quality. It is also worth noting that for mass, block-by-block development or extensive reconstruction of heating points, the use of BTP is preferable compared to ITP. Since in this case it is necessary to install a significant number of heating points in a short period of time. Such large-scale projects can be implemented in the shortest possible time using only standard factory-ready BTP.
ITP (assembly) - the ability to install a heating unit in cramped conditions; there is no need to transport the assembled heating unit. Transport of individual components only. The delivery time of equipment is significantly shorter than that of BTP. The cost is lower. - BTP - the need to transport the BTP to the installation site (transportation costs), the dimensions of the openings for carrying the BTP impose restrictions on the overall dimensions of the BTP. Delivery time from 4 weeks. Price.
ITP - a guarantee for various components of a heating unit from different manufacturers; several different service partners for various equipment included in the heating unit; higher cost of installation work, installation time, etc. That is, when installing ITP, the individual characteristics of a particular room and the “creative” solutions of a particular contractor are taken into account, which, on the one hand, simplifies the organization of the process, and on the other, can reduce the quality. After all, it is much more difficult to perform a weld seam, a pipeline bend, etc. “in place” with high quality than in a factory environment.
SNiP 41-02-2003
14.1 Heating points are divided into:
individual heating points (ITP)— for connecting heating, ventilation, hot water supply and technological heat-using installations of one building or part of it;
central heating points (CHS)- the same, two buildings or more.
14.2 Thermal points provide for the placement of equipment, fittings, monitoring, control and automation devices, through which the following is carried out:
transformation of the type of coolant or its parameters; control of coolant parameters;
accounting for heat loads, coolant and condensate flow rates;
regulation of coolant flow and distribution across heat consumption systems (through distribution networks in central heating stations or directly to heating and heating systems);
protection of local systems from emergency increases in coolant parameters;
filling and replenishing heat consumption systems;
collection, cooling, return of condensate and quality control;
heat accumulation;
water treatment for hot water supply systems.
At a heating point, depending on its purpose and local conditions, all of the listed activities or only part of them can be carried out. Devices for monitoring coolant parameters and metering heat consumption should be provided at all heating points.
14.3 The installation of an ITP input is mandatory for each building, regardless of the presence of a central heating point, while the ITP provides only for those measures that are necessary for connecting a given building and are not provided for in the central heating point.
14.4 In closed and open heat supply systems, the need to install central heating stations for residential and public buildings must be justified by technical and economic calculations.
14.5 In the premises of heating points it is allowed to place equipment for sanitary systems of buildings and structures, including booster pumping units that supply water for domestic drinking and fire-fighting needs.
14.6 Basic requirements for the placement of pipelines, equipment and fittings in heating points should be taken according to Appendix B.
14.7 The connection of heat consumers to heating networks at heating points should be provided according to schemes that ensure minimum water consumption in heating networks, as well as heat savings through the use of heat flow regulators and limiters of the maximum flow of network water, correction pumps or elevators with automatic control that reduce the temperature water entering heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.
14.8 The design temperature of water in the supply pipelines after the central heating point should be accepted:
when connecting heating systems of buildings according to a dependent scheme - equal, as a rule, to the calculated water temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating networks to the central heating point;
with an independent circuit - no more than 30 °C below the design temperature of water in the supply pipeline of the heating networks to the central heating point, but not higher than 150 °C and not lower than the design temperature accepted in the consumer’s system.
Independent pipelines from central heating stations for connecting ventilation systems with an independent connection scheme for heating systems are provided at a maximum thermal load for ventilation of more than 50% of the maximum thermal load for heating.
14.9 When calculating the heating surface of water-water heaters for hot water supply and heating systems, the water temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating network should be taken equal to the temperature at the break point of the water temperature graph or the minimum water temperature, if there is no break in the temperature graph, and for heating systems - also the temperature water corresponding to the calculated outside air temperature for heating design. The larger of the obtained values of the heating surface should be taken as the calculated value.
14.10 When calculating the heating surface of hot water supply water heaters, the temperature of the heated water at the outlet from the water heater into the hot water supply system should be taken to be at least 60 °C.
14.11 For high-speed sectional water-to-water water heaters, a countercurrent flow pattern of coolant should be adopted, while heating water from the heating network should flow:
in water heaters of heating systems - in tubes;
the same for hot water supply - into the interpipe space.
In steam-water water heaters, steam must enter the inter-tube space.
For hot water supply systems with steam heating networks, it is allowed to use capacious water heaters, using them as hot water storage tanks, provided that their capacity corresponds to that required in the calculation for storage tanks.
In addition to high-speed water heaters, it is possible to use other types of water heaters that have high thermal and operational characteristics and small dimensions.
14.12 The minimum number of water-to-water heaters should be:
two, connected in parallel, each of which must be calculated for 100% of the heat load - for heating systems of buildings that do not allow interruptions in the heat supply;
two, each designed for 75% of the heat load, for heating systems of buildings constructed in areas with a design outdoor temperature below minus 40 °C;
one for other heating systems;
two, connected in parallel in each heating stage, designed for 50% of the heat load each - for hot water supply systems.
With a maximum heat load for hot water supply of up to 2 MW, it is allowed to provide one hot water supply heater in each heating stage, except for buildings that do not allow interruptions in the supply of heat to hot water supply.
When installing steam-water water heaters in heating, ventilation or hot water supply systems, their number must be at least two, connected in parallel; backup water heaters need not be provided.
For technological installations that do not allow interruptions in the heat supply, backup water heaters must be provided, designed for the heat load in accordance with the operating mode of the enterprise's technological installations.
14.13 Pipelines should be equipped with fittings with shut-off valves with a nominal bore of 15 mm for releasing air at the highest points of all pipelines and with a nominal bore of at least 25 mm for draining water at the lowest points of water and condensate pipelines.
It is permissible to install devices for draining water not in the central heating station pit, but outside the central heating station in special chambers.
14.14 Mud traps should be installed:
at the heating point on the supply pipelines at the inlet;
on the return pipeline in front of control devices and water and heat flow metering devices - no more than one;
in ITP - regardless of their availability in the central heating center;
in thermal units of consumers of the 3rd category - on the supply pipeline at the inlet.
Filters should be installed in front of mechanical water meters (vane, turbine), plate heat exchangers and other equipment along the water flow (as required by the manufacturer).
14.15 At heating points, it is not allowed to install starting jumpers between the supply and return pipelines of heating networks, as well as bypass pipelines in addition to pumps (except for booster pumps), elevators, control valves, mud traps and devices for metering water and heat consumption.
Overflow regulators and steam traps must have bypass piping.
14.16 To protect pipelines and equipment of centralized hot water supply systems connected to heating networks through water heaters from internal corrosion and scale formation, water treatment should be provided, usually carried out in a central heating station. In ITP, only magnetic and silicate water treatment is allowed.
14.17 Treatment of drinking water should not worsen its sanitary and hygienic indicators. Reagents and materials used for water treatment that have direct contact with water entering the hot water supply system must be approved by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities of Russia for use in domestic drinking water supply practice.
14.18 When installing storage tanks for hot water supply systems in heating points with vacuum deaeration, it is necessary to protect the inner surface of the tanks from corrosion and the water in them from aeration by using sealing liquids. In the absence of vacuum deaeration, the internal surface of the tanks must be protected from corrosion through the use of protective coatings or cathodic protection. The design of the tank should include a device that prevents sealing liquid from entering the hot water supply system.
14.19 For heating points, supply and exhaust ventilation should be provided, designed for air exchange determined by heat release from pipelines and equipment. The calculated air temperature in the work area in the cold period of the year should be taken no higher than 28 °C, in the warm period of the year - 5 °C higher than the outside air temperature according to parameters A. When placing heating points in residential and public buildings, a verification calculation of heat inputs from heating point into adjacent rooms. If the permissible air temperature in these rooms exceeds the permissible air temperature, measures should be taken for additional thermal insulation of the enclosing structures of adjacent rooms.
14.20 A drain should be installed in the floor of the heating unit, and if gravity drainage of water is not possible, a drainage pit should be installed measuring at least 0.5 ‘0.5 x 0.8 m. The pit is covered with a removable grate.
To pump water from the catchment pit into the sewerage system, drainage system or associated drainage, one drainage pump should be provided. A pump designed for pumping water from a catchment pit is not allowed to be used for flushing heat consumption systems.
14.21 At heating points, measures should be taken to prevent noise levels from exceeding those allowed for premises in residential and public buildings. Heating units equipped with pumps are not allowed to be placed adjacent to or above the premises of residential apartments, dormitories and playrooms of preschool institutions, sleeping quarters of boarding schools, hotels, hostels, sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses, wards and operating rooms of hospitals, premises with long stays patients, doctors' offices, auditoriums of entertainment enterprises.
14.22 The minimum clear distances from free-standing ground central heating centers to the external walls of the listed premises must be at least 25 m.
In particularly cramped conditions, it is permissible to reduce the distance to 15 m, provided that additional measures are taken to reduce noise to a level acceptable according to sanitary standards.
14.23 Based on their placement on the general plan, heating points are divided into free-standing, attached to buildings and structures, and built into buildings and structures.
14.24 Heating units built into buildings should be located in separate rooms near the outer walls of buildings.
14.25 The following exits must be provided from the heating point:
if the length of the heating point room is 12 m or less - one exit to the adjacent room, corridor or staircase;
if the length of the heating point room is more than 12 m, there are two exits, one of which should be directly outside, the second to the adjacent room, staircase or corridor.
The premises of heating points for consumers of steam with a pressure of more than 0.07 MPa must have at least two exits, regardless of the dimensions of the room.
14.26 There is no need to provide openings for natural lighting of heating points. Doors and gates must open from the room or building of the heating point away from you.
14.27 In terms of explosion and fire hazards, the premises of heating points must comply with category D according to NPB 105.
14.28 Heating units located in industrial and warehouse buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, residential and public buildings, must be separated from other premises by partitions or fences that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heating unit.
14.29 For installation of equipment whose dimensions exceed the dimensions of the doors, installation openings or gates in the walls should be provided in ground-based heating units.
In this case, the dimensions of the installation opening and gate should be 0.2 m larger than the overall dimensions of the largest equipment or pipeline block.
14.30 To move equipment and fittings or integral parts of equipment units, inventory lifting and transport devices should be provided.
If it is impossible to use inventory devices, it is allowed to provide stationary lifting and transport devices:
with a mass of transported cargo from 0.1 to 1.0 tons - monorails with manual hoists and crampons or single-girder manual overhead cranes;
the same, more than 1.0 to 2.0 t - single-girder manual overhead cranes;
the same, more than 2.0 t - single-girder electric overhead cranes.
It is allowed to provide for the possibility of using mobile lifting and transport equipment.
14.31 To service equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile platforms or portable devices (stepladders) must be provided. If it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as to maintain equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms with fencing and permanent stairs. The dimensions of platforms, stairs and fences should be taken in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23120.
The distance from the level of the stationary platform to the upper ceiling must be at least 2 m.
14.32 In central heating stations with permanent staff, a bathroom with a washbasin should be provided.
8.1 Automated individual heating points (IHP), equipped at the inputs of heating networks into the building, should be provided for buildings with a calculated heat consumption for the heating period of 1000 GJ or more with the possibility of regulating the supply of heat for heating in individual technological zones and facades characterized by the same type influence of external (sun, wind) and internal (heat generation) factors. Heat supply for heating, ventilation and hot water systems should be provided through separate pipelines from the heating point.
8.6 Air removal from school classrooms should be provided through recreational rooms and sanitary facilities, as well as through exfiltration through external glazing, taking into account the requirements of SP 60.13330. When supply ventilation is mechanically driven or decentralized inflow in classrooms, natural exhaust ventilation should be provided at the rate of one or more air exchanges per hour.
8.25 The hydrostatic pressure in the drinking and fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture should be no more than 4 atm. In the fire-fighting water supply system, during fire extinguishing, it is allowed to increase the pressure to no more than 6 atm at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture.
9.3 It is necessary to provide measures to protect the building from the penetration of rain, melt, and groundwater into the thickness of the load-bearing and enclosing structures of the building, as well as the formation of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures or for the ventilation of enclosed spaces or air spaces. In accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents, the necessary protective compounds and coatings must be used.
9 .4 Butt joints of prefabricated elements and multilayer structures must be designed to withstand thermal deformations and forces arising from uneven settlement of foundations and other operational influences. Sealing and sealing materials used in joints must retain elastic and adhesive properties when exposed to negative temperatures and wetness and be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with the materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures in places where they meet.
According to SP 41-101-95
When placing ITP in basements and basements, as well as in technical underground areas of buildings, it is allowed to take the height of the premises and free passages to them at least 1.8 m.
It is allowed to provide for the possibility of using mobile small-sized lifting and transport vehicles, provided that the entry and movement of vehicles through the heating point is ensured.
Mechanization means can be specified by the design organization when developing a project for specific conditions.
