Correct construction of sentences
| 1) Gross mistake - misuse participle turnover. He must always indicate for additional action subject (subject). For example: Approaching to the house, I remembered past. It is possible to use a participial turnover in an impersonal sentence with an infinitive: Deciding test, must be remembered about the time allotted. Participial turnover should not be used if the action expressed by the predicate and the action expressed by the participle refer to different people or if the impersonal sentence has a logical subject expressed in the indirect case. For example: Driving up to the house, my head was spinning. You should use a construction with a subordinate clause: When I drove up to ... |
| 2) The participle in relation to the word being defined can be in preposition and postposition, but never includes him into your composition. Wrong phrases: The snow-covered garden was visible through the windows; The students who arrived at the festival went to the assembly hall. |
| 3) The composition of homogeneous members should not include a generic and specific concept: They bought me shoes and boots; Birds and rooks have flown in. |
| 4) Errors occur when replacing direct speech with indirect speech, especially in the use of facial forms: She said: “I will come tomorrow” (correctly). She said she'll come tomorrow (That's right ). She said that I will come tomorrow(we are talking about one subject of action; the construction is incorrect). |
PRACTICAL TASKS
Exercise 1. Determine the place of these words in the sentence.
1. (A) oak (B) tables were installed in the reading room. – [new]
2. Before speaking, think about (A) each (B) word. - [own]
3. (A) Your (B) statement will become an aphorism. - [it]
4. (A) there are many works about the childhood of the author (B). - [in world literature]
Task 2 . Match the subject and verb.
Most of the students did well...the final exams.
The concert featured... 21 singers.
An abyss of worries fell ... on the foreman.
Lots of birds perched... on the branches.
Seryozha and Petya waited a long time... for the return of their mother.
Task 3. Indicate what kind of control the following words require.
| to worry => worry => | for someone about someone | touch treat | someone to someone |
| blame | in anything for anything | put on put on | what to whom / what to what |
| surprised surprised | something | to impede to brake | anything |
| superiority advantage | over something before something | review review | about what / what about what (about nothing!) |
| confidence faith | into something into something | identical identical | with whom/what |
| pay pay | something for something | managing director | than what |
Task 4. Correct spelling mistakes in sentences.
This country, due to its uniqueness and diversity, attracts tourists.
These facts speak for the impossibility of efficient use of all resources. While preparing my homework, my phone was constantly distracting me.
The children played in the yard in the morning.
The wolf asked the fox to give me some fish.
The Dnieper River overflowed its banks this spring.
Thanks to the efforts of his parents, the son received an excellent education.
The artist was awarded a high award.
Is the indifference of parents to the fate of their children conceivable?
The tournament was attended by representatives of many countries: Austria, Hungary, Russia, Italy, France and others.
Your son is so smart!
The company has sold twenty-two preferential tourist vouchers.
The theme of nature in the lyrics of this poet is close to me.
Task 5. Choose the correct options, pay attention to the agreement of the subject and the predicate.
(/) Most of the students in our group successfully (a) defended, (b) defended) course project. (2) Another set of proposals (a) arose, b) arose) from the chief engineer. (3) However, a minority of employees (a) voted (b) voted against. (4) (a) sown, b) sown) one hundred and twenty hectares. (5) Several employees (a) refused, b) refused to work overtime. (6) Three job applications (a) lay, (b) lying) on the table. (7) Thirty-two people (a) worked, (b) worked) at the new site. (8) One hundred and forty-one deputies (a) participated, (b) participated) in the session. (9) For the construction of a new facility (a) received, (b) received) one million dollars. (10) Thousand people (a) went, b) went) for retraining. (//) (a) Gone (b) passed) an hour and a half. (12) (a) New, (b) new) the city's environmentalist issued a statement.
Stringing cases An arrangement in a chain, usually with sequential subordination, of several identical case forms. The house of the nephew of the coachman's wife, the doctor's brother (an example of A. M. Peshkovsky). Most often there is a similar accumulation of forms of the genitive case. The creative processing of the image of the courtyard goes along the line of enhancing the display of the tragedy of his fate (an example of K. I. Chukovsky). Stylistically, the neighborhood of even two forms of the genitive case is unfortunate, if one is formed by the genitive subject, and the other by the genitive object. The method of systematic and consistent presentation of the teacher's educational material (example M. Shaginyan). It is also possible to string forms: a) instrumental case. The report was met with loud applause by the audience. The issue will be considered by the commission appointed by the directorate. The trainer was raised by an elephant trunk. You are dissatisfied with me. b) dative case. Start preparing for exams. Strive to complete by the deadline. c) prepositional case. He spoke about the discussion about working methods. The question of an agreement on mutual assistance was discussed.
Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .
case stringing- units (declension of cases, units). In syntactic style: a speech error resulting from the combination of a long series of case forms. The house of the nephew of the coachman's wife, the doctor's brother (an example of A. M. Peshkovsky). Most often, stringing occurs ... ...
Stringing the same shapes
Stringing the same shapes- 1. The accumulation of identical case forms makes it difficult to understand the text. The most common is the stringing of parental cases, for example: “In order to better formulate the matter of raising the theoretical level ...”; “In order to solve the problem of acceleration ... ... A guide to spelling and style
case declension- The same as stringing cases ... Educational dictionary of stylistic terms
accumulation of cases- Stringing one genitive case onto another, a chain reaction of cases leading to idle talk: the matter of the development of fiction (in: the development of fiction). S.p. reduces the expressiveness of speech ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal
TABLE OF CONTENTS- SPELLING I. Spelling of vowels in the root § 1. Checked unstressed vowels § 2. Unchecked unstressed vowels § 3. Alternating vowels § 4. Vowels after hissing § 5. Vowels after q § 6. Letters e e § 7. Letter y II. Spelling consonants ... ... A guide to spelling and style
STYLISTICS- @Word selection XXXV. Word choice § 139. Semantic and stylistic selection of lexical means § 140. Elimination of clericalism and clichés § 141. Pleonasms and tautologies § 142. Sympathy of speech § 143 ... A guide to spelling and style
The type of subordination, in which the main word requires a strictly defined case / prepositional case form from the dependent, is called control. There is a synonym for prepositional and non-prepositional constructions (interesting to everyone - interesting to everyone; his face turned red - his face turned red; go through the field - go through the field; return by train - return by train).
The genitive case of an object is the meaning of a noun in the genitive case, in which the object of the action is indicated (reading a book - reading a book; building a house - building a house). The genitive case of the subject is the meaning of a noun in the form of the genitive case, in which the subject of the action is indicated (the order of the boss - the boss ordered; the arrival of a friend - a friend arrived).
A stylistic mistake is the presence in one sentence of two words in the genitive case, but with different meanings (the government's search for money to pay pensions) or the ambiguity, ambiguity of the sentence with the genitive case of the noun (handover of the hostages - did they pass? Did they pass? A letter from the mother - to her or from her). Ambiguity can be caused by morphological homonymy of other case forms, for example, the dative case of the subject and the dative case of the object (In this case, the Democrats should have distributed literature for free. – Did the Democrats distribute literature or did they distribute literature to them?)
The stringing of cases also belongs to the category of stylistic errors. The essence of this error is that several words in one case form are located in a chain, depending on each other: Students of training courses for assistant drivers of electric trains. The stringing of the genitive case is often observed. The stringing of the genitive case in many cases is not a stylistic mistake, but a structural element of business or scientific speech, in which verbal nouns are often found, suggesting the use of another noun dependent on it in the genitive case: Study of variants of synonymous constructions; Development of methods for the use of minerals in the coastal areas of the Ob River. The stringing of other cases is less common and only as a stylistic mistake: Filling cracks with foam by our craftsmen; Agreement on the agreement on netting payments.
The case of the controlled word depends on its part-of-speech affiliation.
If the dependent word is a noun, then gender. P.: proof of which
–proof of a theorem, proof of correctness; evidence of guilt.
If the dependent word is a demonstrative pronoun, then dat. P .: proof of which- the following facts serve as proof of this. BAS-2 qualifies this control as obsolete.
Cannot be combined in one sentence Genitive subject and parent object. The first one indicates the producer of the action ( Speaker's speech, arrival of the delegation), second – On the action object ( Reading a book, selecting illustrations). When corrected, the genitive subject is usually replaced by the instrumental: instead of: Sequential presentation of the lesson material by the student say: Consistent presentation by the student of the material of the lesson.
In some cases, ambiguity may arise when using even one genitive case: Reading Mayakovsky left an indelible impression (did the poet himself read or were his poems read?). For the first value, you can say: Mayakovsky reading his works...; For the second value: Reading Mayakovsky's poems...
At two or several homogeneous members a common controlled word is put only if the control words require the same case and preposition: Read and outline a book, write out and check quotes Etc.
Incorrect are sentences in which there is a common object with words that require different management, for example: To love and be fond of poetry (To love What? Get involved How? ) .
Usually such sentences can be corrected by adding a pronoun to the second control word, replacing the noun object of the first word: love Poetry and enjoy it.
STRINGING CASES
An arrangement in a chain, usually with sequential subordination, of several identical case forms. The house of the nephew of the coachman's wife, the doctor's brother (an example of A. M. Peshkovsky). Most often there is a similar accumulation of forms of the genitive case. The creative processing of the image of the courtyard goes along the line of enhancing the display of the tragedy of his fate (an example of K. I. Chukovsky). Stylistically, the neighborhood of even two forms of the genitive case is unfortunate, if one is formed by the genitive subject, and the other by the genitive object. The method of systematic and consistent presentation of the teacher's educational material (example M. Shaginyan). It is also possible to string forms:
a) instrumental case. The report was met with loud applause by the audience. The issue will be considered by the commission appointed by the directorate. The trainer was raised by an elephant trunk. You are dissatisfied with me.
b) dative case. Start preparing for exams. Strive to complete by the deadline.
c) prepositional case. He spoke about the discussion about working methods. The question of an agreement on mutual assistance was discussed.
Dictionary of linguistic terms. 2012
An arrangement in a chain, usually with sequential subordination, of several identical case forms. The house of the nephew of the coachman's wife, the doctor's brother (an example of A. M. Peshkovsky). Most often there is a similar accumulation of forms of the genitive case. The creative processing of the image of the courtyard goes along the line of enhancing the display of the tragedy of his fate (an example of K. I. Chukovsky). Stylistically, the neighborhood of even two forms of the genitive case is unfortunate, if one is formed by the genitive subject, and the other by the genitive object. The method of systematic and consistent presentation of the teacher's educational material (example M. Shaginyan). It is also possible to string forms:
a) instrumental case. The report was met with loud applause by the audience. The issue will be considered by the commission appointed by the directorate. The trainer was raised by an elephant trunk. You are dissatisfied with me.
b) dative case. Start preparing for exams. Strive to complete by the deadline.
c) prepositional case. He spoke about the discussion about working methods. The question of an agreement on mutual assistance was discussed.
Agricultural dictionary-reference book
A guide to spelling and style
A guide to spelling and style
A guide to spelling and style
Terms and concepts of linguistics: Vocabulary. Lexicology. Phraseology. Lexicography
Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal
Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova
Russian spelling dictionary
Word forms
Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal
Stringing Oh my God. A. Smir Just as water in a lake collects drop by drop, and how a plant grows millimeter by millimeter day by day, everything in the world develops according to the principle of gradualness. A newborn baby cannot immediately start talking
Section 163
From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich§ 204. Stringing identical forms 1. The accumulation of identical case forms makes it difficult to understand the text. The most common is the stringing of genitive cases, for example: “In order to better formulate the matter of raising the theoretical level ...”; "To solve the problem of acceleration
Section 165
§ 204. Stringing identical forms 1. The accumulation of identical case forms makes it difficult to understand the text. The most common is the stringing of forms of the genitive case, for example: “In order to better set up the matter of raising the standard of living ...”; “To solve the problem of accelerating the rise
On the variability of cases M.Yu. Lermontov. View of Tiflis. Oil. 1837 We continue the publication of the series of essays "Notes on Lermontov" from the book of Anatoly Parpara, which is being prepared for publication. Now almost every schoolchild, quoting the line of Mikhail Lermontov “born from flame and light
