In this type of SPP, simple sentences form a kind of chain: From the main sentence we ask the question of the 2nd subordinate clause, from the second we ask the question of the 3rd.
In the following examples, questions to the next clause will be placed in brackets.
And Nikolai went to work (why?) so that no one would say that he didn’t like his job (which one?), which he really didn’t like.
An IPP with a comma at the junction of 2 conjunctions has consistent submission.
He said that when father comes, we will go to the park. (The proposal is discussed below.)
Analysis: He said (what?) -> let's go to the park (when?) -> when father comes.
Non-union proposal
Non-union complex sentences
Non-union complex sentence- this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of conjunctions or allied words: [Habit from above to us given]: [replacement happiness she](A. Pushkin).
Meaningful relationships between simple sentences in the allied and non-union complex sentences are expressed differently. In allied sentences, conjunctions take part in their expression, so the semantic relationships here are more definite and clear. For example, union So expresses the consequence because- the reason, If- condition, however- opposition, etc.
Types of complex non-union proposals.
The most widespread classification of types of non-union sentences is based on lexical meaning. In accordance with this, the following SBP are distinguished:
- explanatory SBP:
Something incomprehensible was happening on the street: suddenly an incredible noise was heard.
- SBP with sequence value:
The spring sun peeked out from behind the clouds and it quickly became warmer.
- additional SBP:
He decided to go to work: he needed to go in place of his sick partner.
- SBP with condition value:
When I return home, I’ll kick everyone out.
- SBP with reason value:
There was the sound of the door opening: Vika had returned from school.
- SBP with time value:
The sun rose and the birds chirped happily.
- SBP with mapping value:
Time for business - time for fun.
- SBP with the meaning of the consequence:
The TV is broken: there was a power surge.
Direct speech and its presentation in writing.
Formatting direct speech
1. Direct speech must be highlighted in quotation marks.
3. If direct speech precedes the words of the author, then a comma and a dash should be placed after it. If direct speech contains an exclamation or a question, then it should be followed by an interrogative or Exclamation point and a dash. In all cases, the author’s words should begin with capital letters. Sentences with direct speech:
“I won’t give you to anyone,” Anton whispered excitedly.
"Who's there?" – Pashka asked in fear.
"Let's run quickly!" - Seryozha shouted.
2. If you are supposed to put a dot at the place where direct speech breaks, then after direct speech you need to put a comma and a dash, and after the author’s words - a dot and a dash. In this case, the second part should be written with a capital letter. Formatting direct speech in this case looks like that.
Considers the structure of phrases and sentences. At the same time, the construction and punctuation of various types of complex sentences, especially with three or more predicative parts, usually causes particular difficulty. Let's look at specific examples types of NGN with several subordinate clauses, ways of connecting the main and subordinate parts in them, rules for placing punctuation marks in them.
To clearly express a thought, we use various sentences characterized by the fact that they have two or more predicative parts. They can be equivalent in relation to each other or enter into a relationship of dependence. An IPP is a sentence in which subordinate clause obeys the main one and joins it with the help of subordinating conjunctions and/or For example, “ [Styopka was very tired in the evening], (WHY?) (since he walked at least ten kilometers during the day)" Here and below the main part is indicated, and the dependent part is indicated by round parts. Accordingly, in SPPs with several subordinate clauses, at least three predicative parts are distinguished, two of which will be dependent: “ [The area, (WHAT?) (which we were now passing through), was well known to Andrei Petrovich], (WHY?) (since a good half of his childhood passed here)" It is important to correctly determine the sentences where commas should be placed.
A table with examples will help you determine what types of complex sentences with three or more predicative parts are divided into.
Type of subordination of the subordinate part to the main part | Example |
Sequential | The guys ran into the river, the water in which had already warmed up enough, because last days it was incredibly hot. |
Parallel (non-uniform) | When the speaker finished speaking, silence reigned in the hall, as the audience was shocked by what they heard. |
Homogeneous | Anton Pavlovich said that reinforcements would soon arrive and that we just needed to be patient a little. |
WITH different types submission | Nastenka re-read the letter, which was trembling in her hands, for the second time, and thought that now she would have to quit her studies, that her hopes for new life didn't come true. |
Let's figure out how to correctly determine the type of subordination in an IPP with several subordinate clauses. The examples above will help with this.
In a sentence " [The guys ran into the river] 1, (the water in which had already warmed up enough) 2, (because it had been incredibly hot the last few days) 3“First, we select three parts. Then, using questions, we establish semantic relationships: [... X ], (in which... X), (because...). We see that the second part has become the main part for the third.
Let's give another example. " [There was a vase with wildflowers on the table], (which the guys had collected), (when they went on an excursion to the forest)" The scheme of this IPS is similar to the first: [... X ], (which... X), (when...).
With homogeneous subordination, each subsequent part depends on the previous one. Such SPPs with several subordinate clauses - examples confirm this - resemble a chain, where each subsequent link is attached to the one located in front.
In this case, all subordinate clauses relate to the main clause (to the entire part or word in it), but answer different questions and differ in meaning. " (When the speaker finished speaking) 1, [silence reigned in the hall] 2, (as the audience was shocked by what they heard) 3 ". Let's analyze this SPP with several subordinate clauses. Its diagram will look like this: (when...), [... X], (since...). We see that the first subordinate clause (it comes before the main one) indicates time, and the second - the reason. Therefore, they will answer different questions. Second example: " [Vladimir definitely needed to find out today] 1, (at what time the train from Tyumen arrives) 2, (in order to meet his friend in time) 3" The first subordinate clause is explanatory, the second is goals.
This is the case when it is appropriate to draw an analogy with another well-known syntactic construction. For the design of PP with homogeneous members and such PP with several subordinate clauses, the rules are the same. Indeed, in the sentence " [Anton Pavlovich talked about] 1, (that reinforcements will arrive soon) 2 and (that you just need to be patient a little) 3» subordinate clauses - 2nd and 3rd - refer to one word, answer the question “what?” and both are explanatory. In addition, they are connected to each other using the union And, which is not preceded by a comma. Let's imagine this in the diagram: [... X ], (what...) and (what...).
In SPPs with several subordinate clauses with homogeneous subordination between subordinate clauses, any coordinating conjunctions are sometimes used - the rules of punctuation will be the same as when formatting homogeneous members - and the subordinating conjunction in the second part may be completely absent. For example, " [He stood at the window for a long time and watched] 1, (as cars drove up to the house one after another) 2 and (workers unloaded construction materials) 3».
Very often, a complex sentence contains four or more parts. In this case, they can communicate with each other in different ways. Let's look at the example given in the table: " [Nastenka re-read the letter for the second time, (which was shaking in her hands) 2, and thought] 1, (that she would now have to quit her studies) 3, (that her hopes for a new life had not come true) 4" This is a sentence with parallel (heterogeneous) (P 1,2,3-4) and homogeneous (P 2,3,4) subordination: [... X, (which...),... X], (which...), (which... ). Or another option: " [Tatyana was silent all the way and just looked out the window] 1, (behind which small villages located close to each other flashed) 2, (where people were bustling about) 3 and (work was in full swing) 4)". This is a complex sentence with sequential (P 1,2,3 and P 1,2,4) and homogeneous (P 2,3,4) subordination: [... X ], (after which...), (where...) and (... ).
To arrange in a complex sentence, it is usually enough to correctly determine the boundaries of the predicative parts. The difficulty, as a rule, is the punctuation of NGN with several subordinate clauses - examples of schemes: [... X ], (when, (which...),...) or [... X ], [... X ], (as (with whom...), then ...) - when two subordinating conjunctions (conjunctive words) appear nearby. This is characteristic of sequential submission. In such a case, you need to pay attention to the presence of the second part of the double conjunction in the sentence. For example, " [An open book remained on the sofa] 1, (which, (if there was time left) 3, Konstantin would certainly have read to the end) 2". Second option: " [I swear] 1, (that (when I return home from a trip) 3, I will definitely visit you and tell you about everything in detail) 2 ". When working with such SPPs with several subordinate clauses, the rules are as follows. If the second subordinate clause can be excluded from the sentence without compromising the meaning, a comma is placed between conjunctions (and/or allied words); if not, it is absent. Let's return to the first example: " [There was a book on the sofa] 1, (which I had to finish reading) 2". In the second case, if the second subordinate clause is excluded, the grammatical structure of the sentence will be disrupted by the word “then”.
Good helper in mastering SPP with several subordinate clauses - exercises, the implementation of which will help consolidate the acquired knowledge. In this case, it is better to follow the algorithm.
Thus, care in the construction and analysis (including punctuation) of a complex sentence - NGN with several subordinate clauses specifically - and reliance on the above-listed features of this syntactic construction will provide correct execution proposed tasks.
Among complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, the structure distinguishes complex sentences
Subordination is when two or more subordinate clauses are subordinate to one main clause.
With homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, commas are placed in the same way as with homogeneous members of the sentence. If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by repeating conjunctions, then a comma is placed between them, and not if the conjunctions are non-repeating.
Example: When a person is overly tired, it seems that he will sleep for who knows how long.
With the sequential subordination of subordinate clauses, conjunctions may appear next to each other: what and if, what and when, etc. A comma is placed between the conjunctions, if there is no further part of the conjunction - then or so, for example: He warned that if the fire is not extinguished now, the flame will spread to roof. It is acceptable for there to be no subordinating conjunction before the second subordinate clause.
Combined submission- these are various combinations of subordinating connections in one complex sentence.
Refers to a noun or to a noun phrase with demonstrative words that, such. Answers the question which?
Refers to the pronouns that, each, everyone; everything, such, such. Answers the questions; Who? Which? what?
Refers to a verb of thought, speech, perception, or a noun combined with the demonstrative word that. Answers case questions.
Applies to the entire main part.
Relates to the entire main part
If in an incomplete subordinate clause there is one conjunctive word, then a comma is not separated from the main one, for example: I want to help you, but I don't know how.
If the subordinate clause at the end of a complex sentence is an indirect question, a question mark is not put (unless, of course, the main thing is interrogative), for example: Indicate which of the definitions are separated.
A comma is not placed if homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by connecting or dividing conjunctions, for example: Like someone sentenced to death and confident of the impossibility of pardon.
Polynomial complex sentences (with several subordinate clauses)
Punctuation marks in complex sentences
Plan
1. Polynomial SPPs with subordinate clauses related to one main thing:
a) homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses;
b) heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Polynomial NGN with sequential subordination.
3. Punctuation marks in NGN.
4. Parsing polynomial NGN.
Literature
1. Valgina N.S. Syntax of the modern Russian language: [Textbook. for universities for special purposes “Journalism”] / N.S. Valgina. – M.: Higher School, 1991. – 431 p.
2. Beloshapkova V.A. Modern Russian language: Syntax / V.A. Beloshapkova, V.N. Belousov, E.A. Bryzgunova. – M.: Azbukovnik, 2002. – 295 p.
3. Pospelov N.S. Complex sentence and its structural types / N.S. Pospelov // Questions of linguistics. – 1959. ‑ No. 2. – pp. 19-27
Complex sentences may have not one, but several subordinate clauses.
Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are two main types:
1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main sentence (homogeneous and heterogeneous, i.e. parallel subordination);
2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second – to the first subordinate clause, etc. (sequential subordination).
I. Subordinate clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.
Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to the same word in the main part or to the entire main clause, answer the same question and belong to the same type of subordinate clause. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected to each other coordinating conjunctions or non-union (only with the help of intonation). The connections of homogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause and among themselves resemble the connections of homogeneous members of the sentence.
For example:
[I came to you with greetings, tell What?], (that the sun has risen), (that it fluttered with hot light across the sheets). (A. Fet.)
[That , (who lives life truly), (who has been accustomed to poetry since childhood),forever believes in the life-giving, full of reason Russian language]. (N. Zabolotsky.)
[At the end of May, the young bear was drawn to her family places which? ], ( where she was born) And ( where the months of childhood were so memorable).
In a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination, the second subordinate clause may lack a subordinating conjunction.
For example: ( If there is water) And ( there won't be a single fish in it), [I won't trust the water]. (M. Prishvin.) [ Let's shudder], (if suddenly a bird flies up) or ( elk will trumpet in the distance). (Yu. Drunina.)
2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (or with parallel subordination). With this subordination, subordinate clauses include:
a) to different words the main sentence or one part to the entire main sentence, and the other to one of its words;
b) to one word or to the entire main sentence, but answer different questions and are different types subordinate clauses.
For example: ( When I have a new book in my hands), [I feel], (that something living, speaking, wonderful came into my life). (M. Gorky.)
(If we turn to the best examples prose), [then we'll make sure], (that they are full of true poetry). (K. Paustovsky.)
[From the world (which is called children's), the door leads into space], (where they have lunch and tea) (Chekhov).
II. Complex sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
This type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (clause of the 2nd degree) etc.
For example: [ The young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back their tears.], (because they were afraid of their father), (who was also somewhat embarrassed), (although I tried not to show it). (N. Gogol)
The specificity of subordinate parts is that each of them is subordinate in relation to the previous one and main in relation to the following one.
For example: Often in the fall I would closely watch the falling leaves to catch that imperceptible split second when a leaf separates from a branch and begins to fall to the ground.(Paustovsky).
With sequential subordination, one clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinating conjunctions nearby: what and if, what and when, what and since, etc.
For example: [ The water came down so scary], (What, (when the soldiers ran below), raging streams were already flying after them) (M. Bulgakov).
There are also complex sentences with combined type subordination of subordinate clauses.
For example: ( When the chaise left the yard), [he (Chichikov) looked back and saw], (that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and, it seemed, was looking closely, wanting to find out), (where will the guest go). (Gogol)
This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
SPP with several subordinate clauses
A table with examples will help determine what types they are divided into
complex sentences with three or more predicative parts.
| Type of subordination of the subordinate part to the main part | Examples |
| Sequential | [The guys ran into the river], (the water in which had already warmed up enough), (because it had been incredibly hot in recent days). |
| Parallel | (TOwhen the speaker finished speaking), [silence reigned in the hall], (as the audience was shocked by what they heard). |
| Homogeneous | [Anton Pavlovich talked about] (that reinforcements will soon arrive) and (that you just need to be patient a little). |
Something to remember
A good assistant in mastering SPP with several subordinate clauses are exercises, the implementation of which will help consolidate the acquired knowledge.
In this case, it is better to follow the algorithm:
Highlight all means of communication, not forgetting about compound or adjacent conjunctions. Establish semantic connections between parts: to do this, first find the main one, then ask question(s) from it to the subordinate clause(s).
Construct a diagram, showing with arrows the dependence of the parts on each other, and place punctuation marks in it. Move commas into the written sentence.
Thus, attentiveness in the construction and analysis (including punctuation) of a complex sentence - SPP with several subordinate clauses specifically - and reliance on the above-listed features of this syntactic construction will ensure the correct completion of the proposed tasks.
Exercises on the topic " SPP with several subordinate clauses"
Exercise 1.DETERMINE THE TYPE OF SUBMISSION IN THE IBS:
1. A hero is a person who, at a decisive moment, does what needs to be done in the interests of human society.
2. To develop character, you need to cultivate will in yourself, since a person without will is a toy in the hands of any rogue.
3. In order not to impoverish his life, in order to be happy, a person must be able to understand another.
4. When you see a person whose face is distorted with anger, you just need to smile.
5. In the morning, Repin hurried to the studio and there he literally tortured himself with creativity, because he was an unparalleled worker and was even ashamed of the passion for work that forced him from dawn to dusk to devote all his strength to his canvases.
6. Sometimes, when you entered the room that was located under his studio, you heard the tramp of his old feet, because after each stroke he went away to look at his canvas.
7. It is unknown what Prishvin would have done in his life if he had remained an agronomist.
9. From people who have just put down a book by Prishvin that they had read, I have heard several times that his books are “real witchcraft.”
10. In the silence, one could clearly hear how the man groaned and how heavily the crust crunched under the feet of the bear, which was driven out of the forest by an unusual roar and crackling sound.
Exercise 2. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses as part of the IPP.
1. To imagine Vera’s life, he had to travel back a quarter of a century to the time when he was a student, thin, active.
2. When everyone went out to dinner and she was left alone with Ulyasha, Zhenya remembered everything in detail.
3. They sat at one of the windows, which were so dusty, prim and huge that they seemed like some kind of bottle glass establishments where you couldn’t wear a hat.
4. And the next morning she began asking questions about what Motovilikha was and what they did there at night.
5. Before talking about my journey to the “land of unafraid birds,” I would like to explain why I decided to go from the center of the intellectual life of our homeland to the wilds.
6. When Zhenya later remembered that day on Osinskaya Street, where they lived then, it always seemed sad to her.
7. In the corps they said that his irresistible fierceness was tamed by the quiet, angelic general’s wife, whom none of the cadets saw, because she was constantly ill.
8. Pierre, who was caressed and glorified when he was the best groom Russian Empire After his marriage, he lost a lot in the opinion of society.
9. And dad read a note that last night the seismic station of the observatory noted small tremors in our city, a consequence of a distant earthquake, the epicenter of which is located on the Asia Minor coast of the Black Sea in Turkey, where several villages were destroyed.
10. He is glad that he returned and that he will meet this day with his comrades.
11. Accompanied by a telephone operator with a reel of cable and two messengers, they found themselves at the top when the sun was already approaching the horizon and its first rays were trying to break through the sky covered with clouds and a veil of smoke.
12. Zvyagintsev could not understand where he was, although he knew this area well.
13. He painfully tried to remember what these places looked like before in order to get his bearings.
14. They [the old people] said that when the tunnel was finished, it was necessary to move the wagons to Bek-Tash.
15. Artemyev confirmed that the leading surgeon of the medical battalion is still the same as he was under Serpilin.
16. Having reported to the general everything that was needed, he went to his room, in which, having returned a long time ago and waiting for him, Prince Galtsin was sitting.
17. We calculated that if we followed the path, we would go out to the Naina River and meet the Koreans.
18. And, of course, they did not notice that on one of the pages of this newspaper was printed the very poem that Byron mentally recited.
Answers to exercise No. 2 on the topic “Types of subordination of subordinate clauses in the composition of NGNs.”
1. parallel
2. homogeneous
3. sequential
4. homogeneous
5. parallel
6. sequential
7. sequential
8. sequential
9.sequential
10. homogeneous
11. homogeneous
12. parallel
13. parallel
14. sequential
15. sequential
16. parallel
17. sequential
18. sequential
Test on the topic “Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses”
1. In which complex sentence is there sequential subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?
1) The more a person knows, the more he sees the poetry of the earth where a person with meager knowledge will never find it.
2) Savrasov looked at us from another world, where giant sorcerers live and from where one cannot leave for a long time with impunity.
3) My temples began to press slightly, like my head does when you spin on a carousel for a long time.
4) I was born in a forest farm and spent part of my childhood in dense forests, where bears walk along drags and impenetrable swamps, and wolves drag in packs.
2. In which complex sentence is there a homogeneous subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?
1) He kissed his wife carefully and went into the room where paints, brushes, canvas were waiting for him - everything without which he could not imagine a single day of his life.
2) From the Kremlin wall, on which Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich stands, you can see how the rowers are exhausted, fighting against the current.
3) You could hear the Neva splashing restlessly nearby and a wet flag humming somewhere over the roofs.
4) When this conversation was going on, in the next room there was a village miller, whom Ivan Kolymet called to Kurbsky’s estate to grind grain.
3. In which complex sentence is there a heterogeneous (parallel) subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?
1) Everything that the company had to do in the dark, Ryumin not only knew consistently, but also saw in that sharpened ray of light that was centered in his mind.
2) Although there is an inscription above the gate that the building is under state protection, no one is guarding it.
3) Ignatius Khvostov told his comrades about who Trajan was and what cruel persecution he subjected to the first Christians.
4) It is not known whether the yacht was built before Peter’s first visit by Bazhenin or whether it was presented to the Russian Tsar by Dutch merchants.
4. Explain the placement of a comma and a dash in a complex sentence.
But so that villages fall,
So that the fields are empty -
We are blessed for that
The King of Heaven hardly gave! (A.K. Tolstoy).
1. A comma separates subordinate subordinate clauses of a sentence, and a dash separates two homogeneous subordinate clauses from the main part.
2. A comma separates subordinate subordinate clauses of a sentence, and a dash separates homogeneous subordinate clauses standing in front of the main part, since when reading there is a significant pause between them (for the purpose of intonation highlighting of subordinate clauses).
5. What sign is used to separate homogeneous subordinate clauses in the structure of a polynomial complex sentence?
It was that hour before night when outlines, lines, colors, distances are erased when daylight gets confused, inextricably linked, with the night (M. Sholokhov).
1. Comma.
2. Semicolon, since homogeneous clauses are common: yes homogeneous members and isolated turnover.
6. What type of subordination is presented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses?
I don’t know whether grace will touch My painfully sinful soul, or whether it will be able to rise and rise. Will the spiritual fainting pass? (F. Tyutchev).
2. Heterogeneous subordination.
7. Is a comma necessary at the junction of two subordinating conjunctions in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? How many total commas do you need to put in this sentence?
Fyodor expected that when he saw not a reproduction, but a canvas that was touched by the hand of Surikov himself, he would be stunned and take his breath away, and then he would dream about it at night (V. Tendryakov).
1. A comma is needed; only seven commas.
2. A comma is not needed; only six commas.
8. Determine the type of subordination in a polynomial complex sentence.
At this time, it is usually indecent for ladies to go, because the Russian people love to express themselves in such harsh expressions, which they probably will not hear even in the theater (N. Gogol).
1. Heterogeneous subordination.
2. Consistent submission.
9. Determine the types of subordinate clauses in a polynomial complex sentence. What type of subordination is represented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses?
And so that the children would not tease the beggars, he [Nosopyr] pretended to be a cow doctor, carrying a canvas bag with a red cross on his side, where he kept a chisel for cutting off hooves and dry bunches of St. John's wort grass (V. Belov).
1. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: the main part is joined by the subordinate clause of the goal and the subordinate clause of the attribute.
2. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: the main part is joined by the subordinate part of the purpose and the subordinate part of the place.
10. How many parts does this complex sentence with several subordinate clauses consist of and what type of subordination is represented in it?
The next day Sanin, still lying in bed, like Emil, in a festive dress, with a cane in his hand and heavily pomaded, burst into his room and announced that Herr Klüber would now arrive with a carriage, that the weather promised to be amazing, that they everything is ready, but that mom won’t go because she has a headache again (I. Turgenev).
1. The sentence contains eight parts; a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is presented.
2. The sentence contains seven parts; mixed subordination of subordinate clauses is presented.
11. What type of subordination is presented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? Explain why there is only one comma in the sentence.
When winter came and the garden and house were covered with snow, a wolf howl was heard at night (A.N. Tolstoy).
1. Sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
12. Analyze complex sentences. Select simple parts and set their number. Determine the nature of the connection between them.
At times, Maria was ready to believe that some ancient artist miraculously guessed that the girl Maria would one day appear in the world, and in advance created a portrait of her in bas-relief of a mysterious, enchanted palace, which was supposed to remain intact underground for centuries (V. Bryusov) .
1. The sentence consists of four parts, connected using mixed subordination.
2. The sentence consists of five parts, connected using a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
13. Analyze complex polynomial sentences with subordinating connection. Establish a method for connecting subordinate clauses and main parts, name the type of subordinate clauses.
Since Chekhov had no novels, it seemed obvious that he had nothing to do with Dostoevsky, Turgenev, or Goncharov (M. Gromov).
1. The subordinate part of the reason is attached to the main part through a semantic causal conjunction because; the explanatory clause is attached to the main part through the functional conjunction that; The polynomial represents a heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses; the subordinate part of the reason is attached to the main part by the semantic causal conjunction since; the explanatory clause is attached to the main part by the functional conjunction that.
14. How many commas should be put in complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? Name the type of subordination of subordinate parts to the main one.
In the middle of the day, the cow was released into the field so that it would walk according to its will and so that it would feel better (A. Platonov).
1. One comma; homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Two commas; heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
15. Name the type of subordinate clauses, establish the method of connecting the subordinate clauses and the main parts.
The fog lasted for a long time, until eleven o’clock, until some force was found that lifted it upward (V. Rasputin).
1. Sentence with mixed subordination; the subordinate clause of time is attached to the main part by the semantic temporary conjunction not yet, the subordinate clause is joined to the main part by the conjunctive word which.
2. Sentence with sequential subordination; the subordinate clause of time is attached to the main part by the semantic temporary conjunction not yet, the subordinate clause is joined to the main part by the conjunctive word which.
16. Is a comma necessary at the junction of two conjunctions - coordinating and subordinating? How many commas should there be in this complex sentence?
That night Chubarev also did not go to bed, and when he finally escorted everyone out of the office and looked at his watch, he just shrugged his shoulders (P. Proskurin).
1. A comma is not needed; two commas.
2. A comma is needed; three commas.
3. A comma is needed; five commas.
17. Determine the type of subordination in a polynomial complex sentence. Is a comma necessary before AND?
When the burdocks rustle in the ravine
And the bunch of yellow-red rowan will fade,
I write funny poems
About perishable, perishable and beautiful life (A. Akhmatova).
1. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses; a comma is needed.
2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses; no comma needed.
Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses (answers)
1. 3)
2. 3)
3. 1)
4. 2)
5. 2)
6. 1)
7. 1)
8. 2)
9. 1)
10. 2)
11. 2)
12. 1)
13. 1)
14. 1)
15. 2)
16. 1)
17. 2)
