Not long ago, the country (in the USSR since 1987) launched the production of CBPB. How are cement particle boards used in modern construction and what do they represent?
DSP is a sheet composite material, for the manufacture of which medium and thin wood chips (24%) are used, Portland cement M500 (65%), special chemical additives (2.5%) to reduce negative impact wood extracts for cement, and water (8.5%) (Image 1). The slabs are produced by pressing at a temperature of 900°C for 8 hours. After this, the products are kept under natural conditions for 2 weeks.
The most famous domestic manufacturer is the Tamak plant in Tambov. Plates are also produced by TsSP-Svir (St. Petersburg), Kostroma TsSP Plant, Omsk Stropan, Tyumen Sibzhilstroy and Plant building structures, located in Sterlitamak.
Russian products meet the requirements of GOST 26816-86. It is divided into 2 brands: TsSP-1, TsSP-2. The latter grade of sheets is subject to less stringent requirements than TsSP-1.
Cement particle boards have:
But cement particle boards, whose technical characteristics are generally good, also have a number of disadvantages:
The versatility of the boards allows them to be used to solve various construction problems.
First of all, these are external works: construction of frame buildings, finishing of facades of residential buildings, warehouses and agricultural premises, use as a basis for soft roof, fencing of balconies and loggias, use as permanent formwork for foundations.
Facade cladding (Image 4) is carried out by attaching cement-bonded sheets using nails, self-tapping screws, metal brackets or screws to a frame made of wooden beams or a metal profile. Optimal step sheathing is 60 cm, it is preferable to attach the beams vertically; for small areas they can be used horizontal installation. Gaps of 4-5 mm are left between the sheets, which prevent their deformation when the air temperature changes. The gaps are filled with elastic mastic or a sealing gasket, which is covered from the outside with purchased or made from chipboard scraps. Depending on the purpose of the building, the space between the wall and the slabs can be left empty, or it can be filled with modern insulation; this is very important for residential buildings. After fastening, the sheets are primed and decorative plaster is applied or simply painted.
When making a base for a soft roof, special attention should be paid to waterproofing the joints. Technologically, the process of manufacturing a base from DSP is similar to working with wood materials.
For fencing balconies and loggias, using cement particle boards is much more expedient than using asbestos-cement sheets, because instead of fragile material, a strong and durable fence is constructed.
DSP formwork (Image 5) is increasingly used in the construction of low-rise buildings. It provides:
Due to the complete absence of the release of any harmful gases and vapors during operation, cement particle boards are recommended for interior decoration (Image 6): they are used to level the walls (either attached to a frame made of the most rigid reinforced profile, or a special solution or mastic), form internal partitions, especially in conditions of high humidity (to increase service life, such a partition should be treated with a water-repellent agent and painted with waterproof paint).
DSP boards are also used for flooring (Image 7), and their use is preferable to the use of chipboard (chipboard) or oriented strand board (OSB). Typically, the laying of DSP for flooring is carried out on logs having a cross-section of 50x80 mm, in increments of 600 mm.
With the help of DSP you can:
The thickness of the DSP is:
Cement particle boards can be safely recommended for performing the above work. But you need to use the products domestic manufacturer, and do not purchase Chinese DSPs. Using the products of hardworking Asians can lead to swelling of the slabs, their chipping, the sheets themselves may be crooked and the surface uneven.
Cement particle boards (CPB) are a whole class of building materials with different characteristics.
They are used for various purposes, using the advantages that they have over traditional finishing and construction materials.
The scope of application directly depends on the type and density of the DSP, so we recommend that you read the articles:
In these articles we talked about various types cement particle boards, as well as differences in the original components and their proportions.
Even with the same density, the basic parameters of TsSP-1 and TsSP-2 boards are very different from fiberboard boards of any type. This associated with different amounts cement, as well as different requirements for wood filler.
Here are the main areas in which cement bonded particle boards can be used:
From DSP you can create various partitions that divide the room into separate zones or parts.
Due to their high rigidity and strength, slabs in this area are not inferior to such materials as:
However for creating partitions and walls according to technology without a supporting frame, only cement-bonded particle boards with a density of over 1000 kg/m 3 are suitable, and the best results are shown by TsSP-1 and TsSP-2.
Fiberboard slabs with equal density are less durable, because they contain less cement.
However, full walls big size it will not be possible to make one from this material due to the size of the sheet, because the maximum width does not exceed 125 cm, so the sheets will have to be stacked on top of each other.
Therefore, to create full walls and large partitions a supporting frame is required, but the same limitation also applies to other structural elements of comparable size.
The exception is cases when it is possible to place cement-bonded particle boards vertically and securely fasten them at the top and bottom.
Moreover, such a wall will only fulfill decorative function and is not designed for any kind of force.
With a slab thickness of 30–50 mm, a door or arched opening can be embedded into a wall of such a structure, the main thing is that its width does not exceed 1.5 times the width of the DSP slab.
If the width of the area that needs to be partitioned does not exceed the width of one sheet, and no force is applied to it, then a material with a thickness of 10–15 mm can be used (when using fiberboard boards, the thickness must be increased to 20 mm).
At the same time, compared to other structural materials of the same thickness, CBPB will provide much more high level noise and heat insulation.
To insulate a house, you can either use DSP inside or cover the façade of the house with this material. It is better to use cement-bonded particle boards of any type as insulation. with a density of 250–350 kg/m 3, however, fiberboard is more effective due to less cement.
Despite the low density, the strength of sheets of any thickness is sufficient to be attached to the wall either with glue or with anchor nails.
DSP is somewhat less efficient compared to foam plastic (thermal conductivity of boards is 0.06, foam plastic is 0.04), but they freely allow water vapor to pass through, due to which the premises always maintain a favorable dry climate.
DSP is only slightly inferior to mineral wool (the thermal conductivity of slabs with a density of 300 kg/m 3 is 0.06, and that of wool is 0.05), but an increase in humidity does not affect their characteristics.
In addition, their can be installed on flat surfaces without a special frame, and to protect against precipitation, a thin layer of plaster or even waterproof, vapor-permeable paint is sufficient.
Despite the fact that polyurethane foam is easier to apply, working with it requires expensive, highly specialized equipment, the price of which starts from 40 thousand rubles.
Besides, polyurethane foam does not allow water vapor to pass through at all, therefore, after insulating it in houses with a not very good ventilation system, the climate becomes damper, and mold and rot also appear.
The costs for working with any type of DSP are much lower, and the equipment can be used for many other jobs.
When insulating ceilings, cement particle boards are hemmed from below using glue and anchor nails or self-tapping screws. However, this method of application can only be used in houses and apartments with durable floors and reliable ceiling lining.
Fiberboard boards with a density of 250–350 kg/m3 are best suited for this work, because they contain more wood than products of the TsSP-1 and TsSP-2 brands. Maximum thickness slabs depends on the strength of the floor and the ability to securely attach the insulation to it.
By using of this material It is possible to completely build and install the roof of a house, as well as to build the entire house as a whole.
To insulate the floor, the slabs are laid either on a concrete screed or on a rough flooring.
If the base is not too level, then to level the floor it is advisable to pour a layer of solution, this will allow the maximum potential of the DSP to be realized.
After all, all materials of this type, manufactured according to GOST or international standards, are the same in thickness and have a smooth surface.
Thanks to this, it will be possible to lay parquet, laminate or linoleum on them without additional layer. The optimal density of material such as TsSP-1 and TsSP-2 is 500 kg/m 3 , the optimal density of fiberboard is 800–900 kg/m 3 .
Quite often they use the technique of laying CBPB on the floor according to wooden joists, and the thickness and density of the slabs required to ensure the strength of the floor in the house, in in this case will depend on the distance between the installed logs.
Laying DSP on the floor, including wood, under tiles is an ideal option in bathrooms.
To begin the installation of tiles, it is enough to use cement-bonded particle boards Apply a couple of coats of regular primer to improve adhesion.
If it is necessary to insulate the base of a heated floor, including if it is mounted under tiles, then the density of the sheets depends on its design. If the heating element is immured in the screed, then it is advisable to use slabs density 300 kg/m 3.
If the heating element is laid between wooden or aluminum supports, then it is advisable to use a material of the same density as for a regular floor.
When insulating the floor with cement-bonded particle boards, it is necessary to ensure reliable waterproofing, since water that gets under the front covering will be absorbed into the insulation, but will have difficulty coming back due to poor air exchange.
Long being in a state high humidity will reduce strength cement-bonded floor and will lead to the appearance of mold and rot in the chips, which will negatively affect its thermal insulation properties.
Residents multi-storey buildings Soviet-built apartments suffer greatly from poor sound insulation, because in the apartments you can hear everything that happens at a distance of several floors. Often even residents of private houses are looking for ways to improve sound insulation to reduce the level of noise coming into the rooms from the street.
Low-density cement-bonded particle boards, although inferior to many modern materials with the same thickness, but due to their minimal cost and ease of installation on walls, floors, etc., they are very popular.
The most effective in this area are fiberboard boards of the GB-1 standard and their magnesite analogues.
The maximum soundproofing effect is achieved not only by increasing the proportion of wood waste, but also by increasing the proportion of wood waste located along the slab. However, TsSP-1 and TsSP-2 slabs with a density of 250–350 kg/m 3 are also good for noise reduction.
To increase the sound insulation effect between the slabs and the wall/ceiling, you need lay a layer of felt 2–6 mm thick.
Having sheathed the ceiling with slabs 2–3 cm thick and laid felt, you lower the level entering the apartment noise tenfold. In this case, it is important to join the slabs tightly so that there are no gaps between them, otherwise the effectiveness of such sound insulation will sharply decrease.
The purpose of exterior and interior decoration is to hide wall defects and make the exterior or interior more attractive. All types of DSP are well suited for rough finishing, over which a fine finish can be applied.
Cement particle boards of any type have high strength, but a material with a density of less than 700 kg/m 3 cannot be used for exterior finishing, and less than 1000 kg/m 3 for interior finishing.
As the density increases, the rigidity and strength of the product increase, which is especially important in regions with frequent strong winds.
Interior finishing material must be able to withstand the screw being screwed in with a small load, therefore, the use of low-density cement particle boards for interior decoration is unjustified.
In most cases, this finishing material must be attached to a special frame that compensates for the unevenness of the walls. In addition, the frame ensures air movement under the finish, due to which condensation on the wall evaporates faster and does not lead to an increase in humidity of the wall or finish.
If the frame is made correctly, then after installing the slabs they form flat surface, so it’s enough to fill the seams between them with mortar or putty, after which walls are ready for finishing.
The most effective finishing materials are TsSP-1 type slabs with a polished surface.
They are attached to the frame using appropriate screws - to wooden blocks you need self-tapping screws with wood carvings; aluminum or steel profiles require self-tapping screws with metal carvings.
As an interior decoration, sheets based on chip concrete have a significant advantage - they do not emit toxic substances, which cannot be said about:
The only materials that can significantly compete in terms of environmental safety are natural boards and real MDF, made without the use of glue.
However, they have serious disadvantages compared to cement bonded particle boards:
Therefore, as an environmentally friendly material for interior decoration, all types of DSP have no equal in terms of the totality of all parameters.
For the exterior decoration of the facade of a house, the most popular are cement-bonded particle boards and panels of the TsSP-1 type with a density of 1100–1400 kg/m3 and a thickness of 1 cm.
At correct selection distances between the frame slats, such decoration of the house outside easily withstands wind speeds of 40–50 m/s. An example of finishing the facade of a house is shown in the photo below.
Fiber cement boards of the same density must be chosen with a greater thickness due to the lower cement content, so most often for external work a material with a thickness of 15–20 mm is used. He has the same resistance to precipitation and wind load.
Between the wall of the house and the finishing, you can install insulation made of shavings and cement, which has excellent reviews, or other material.
Due to the fact that during rain, water quickly drains from the surface of the façade cladding panels, the slabs do not have time to absorb much water, so even in the event of a sharp drop in temperature after prolonged rain, they will not suffer severe damage.
Treatment with hydrophobic paints for exterior use and preparations that do not affect vapor permeability, further reduces the material’s ability to absorb water.
Thanks to this, any type of DSP as an exterior finish is in no way inferior to traditional plaster.
Thanks to these properties of the material, the ease of its finishing (painting), as well as numerous reviews from residents, the cladding of the facade of the house can be safely called DSP the best option for the climatic conditions of many regions of Russia.
In addition, manufacturers also produce facade panels that do not require additional finishing for cladding houses, including frame wooden ones, performing at the same time a decorative function.
For example, façade and plinth panels to look like stone, like brick, like crumbs and others.
Such facade panels carry out finishing of the foundation of the house, the basement, including screw piles.
Construction of houses from monolithic concrete is gaining more and more popularity because it allows you to build walls much faster than any other methods.
Permanent formwork not only creates a form for concrete, but performs a warming function, due to which, after the concrete has gained full strength, the wall is completely ready for finishing and does not require additional insulation.
The only one competitor cement bonded particle boards in this application – permanent formwork made of expanded polystyrene(PPS), however, it completely blocks the vapor permeability of the walls, which is why problems begin in houses with a not very good ventilation system.
Unlike polystyrene formwork, which is supplied in the form of ready-made small blocks, formwork made from cement bonded particle boards need to make it yourself.
As in the case of EPS formwork, DSP formwork must be carefully reinforced with numerous bridges to avoid squeezing out the slab with concrete.
This is especially true in the case of using heavy concrete, but it will not be superfluous when pouring foam concrete.
In addition, it is necessary strengthen formwork over the entire area using various pegs and spacers, which will protect it from shifting during filling with concrete and its compaction.
It is advisable to use sheets for the manufacture of formwork density over 1000 kg/m 3, and the thickness of the sheet directly depends on the desired thermal insulation effect.
Therefore, sometimes they make double formwork - install inner sheet DSP with a density of 1200–1400 kg/m3 and a thickness of 10 mm, and a sheet of fiberboard with a thickness of 50–100 mm and a density of 300 kg/m3 is placed close to it.
When using foam concrete, such a design will ensure such a low level of heat loss that even in the conditions of the northern regions no additional insulation required.
However, permanent formwork made from DSP also has minus- her cannot be used below ground level, since under the influence groundwater Wood will lose its thermal insulation properties over time, and cement stone will collapse.
But as a formwork for internal walls, DSP has no equal, because after the concrete has hardened, the wall surface is ready for finishing, and even has a small, but heat- and sound-proofing effect.
Cement particle boards, even when buried in the ground, capable of standing like this before destruction for several decades, due to which they are often used to create do-it-yourself or fencing greenhouses and beds. After all, boards without special treatment will rot into dust in 3–5 years, and DSP will last 20–40 years without requiring replacement.
Most often, plates are used for this density over 1000 kg/m 3 and thickness 8–12 mm.
Another advantage of cement-bonded particle boards is that greenhouses and garden bed fencing made from CSP look very neat thanks to the smooth walls.
The same effect is created by the carriage board, but its service life and high price do not allow it to compete with CBPB.
Chipboard, plywood and other similar materials also cannot compete with these boards, because even those that are called waterproof quickly collapse once they are in the ground.
If the wall height is small, you can do without a frame by connecting the slabs together using plastic corners, if the height or length of the structure requires the use of several slabs, you cannot do without a frame.
As a frame, you can use either boards impregnated with hydrophobic compounds (such compounds spoil the soil) or designs based polypropylene pipes large diameter.
If the diameter of the pipe exceeds 30 mm, and the design of the frame is well thought out, then the greenhouse or bed turns out to be quite strong.
You can reduce the diameter of the pipes by inserting pieces of metal or fiberglass reinforcement into them, but in this case you will have to attach the DSP use short jumpers.
Due to the fact that the cost of a sheet rarely falls below 500 rubles, many people prefer used cement particle boards that were dismantled during repairs.
Such DSPs do not have very good appearance, and their strength is much less than new ones, but they are quite in demand for fencing beds and creating greenhouses, as can be concluded from numerous reviews from gardeners. Moreover you can buy them very cheap or get it for free.
In addition to the listed areas of application, DSP, due to its properties and affordable cost, is also used to build bathhouses with your own hands, including floors in it, lining garages, sheds, building fences, mounted on roofs, etc.
Cement particle board, in its own way physical characteristics very different from most finishing materials, therefore its processing occurs according to a special algorithm and using special tool.
Violation of the work algorithm and the use of inappropriate tools are often leads to material damage and the need to replace it, and given the considerable price of any type of DSP, including, for example, sheets for floors or slabs for facades such as brick or tile, this attitude turns out to be extremely unprofitable.
To cut this material you will need hand circular saw, equipped with a disk with carbide (pobedite) nozzles or diamond-coated teeth.
If there is no such disk, you can use a suitable size abrasive cutting disc for stone with a bore diameter of 32 mm.
If you need to cut a sheet or cut a hole in it rectangular shape, then place it on a flat table so that the cutting line is 2–4 cm away from the edge.
Required for cutting use a respirator and safety glasses, and also do not forget to fasten the sleeves of your clothes. Place the saw blade on the sheet so that the blade is 3–5 mm away from it.
Turn on the saw, then move it smoothly forward so that the blade follows the cutting line. The speed of the saw depends on the density and thickness of the sheet, so rely on your own feelings.
At normal speed, the sound of the saw engine hardly changes, but forward movement resistance is minimal.
If the sound changes (the speed drops) or the resistance to movement increases, then you are moving the saw forward too quickly, which is why the blade does not have time to cut the cement stone properly. To reduce the amount of dust and improve the quality of the cut, you can water the sheet along the cutting line.
If the dimensions of the cut piece exceed 20 cm on any side for thin slabs and 10 cm for thick ones, then an assistant must support the cut piece so that it does not break off.
Care must be taken so that your fingers do not get in the path of the saw.
To cut a round or oval hole, you must first draw it on a sheet of paper, then write a rectangle into it. Moreover, the distance from the drawing to the edge of the rectangle should never be less than 3 cm.
If you know how to cut circular saw not from the edge of the sheet, then cut out a rectangle for it; if not, then use a grinder(angle grinder, angle grinder) with abrasive disc for stone.
Having cut out a rectangle, on the remaining parts of the slab inside the pattern, mark parallel strips in increments of 1–1.5 cm, running from the edges of the rectangle to the edge of the pattern. Cut these strips 3–5 mm short of the edge of the pattern.
Then cut through sheet according to the drawing using a jigsaw with a diamond file, designed for cutting glass or ceramics.
This sequence of actions increases the time required to cut a hole, but greatly reduces the chances that you will ruin the material. After all, when cutting a hole with a diameter of over 40 cm, there is a possibility that the cut piece will break off, and the fracture line will affect the remaining sheet.
If you are a skilled, experienced finisher and therefore know how to work well with materials such as:
then you can cut or saw oriented strand board than you are used to, because the behavior of these materials when cutting is very similar to the behavior of OSB of any type.
Self-tapping screws are well suited for fastening DSP to a wooden or metal base.
If you only have ordinary hardened self-tapping screws, then you need to drill a hole in the slab for them, and also countersink the space for the head. Without this, the cap will protrude above the surface of the slab, which will create great difficulties during finishing.
You can screw in reinforced screws without drilling, the caps of which are equipped with knives and cut a hole for themselves. The diameter of the hole for a regular self-tapping screw is equal to 1.2 times the diameter of the screw itself, and the diameter and depth of the hole for the head are 1.5 times larger than the size of the head.
It is not advisable to use ordinary screws for fixation, because they do not have the required strength, so with their help you will not be able to properly tighten the slab to the base.
After installing the screws, the holes for the caps must be sealed with putty, and after drying, treat it with sandpaper.
Anchor screws are used in cases where the panel needs to attach to concrete or wooden wall . To do this, place the plate in place and drill a hole for the plastic dowel. For fastening low-density slabs (300–500 kg/m3) It is advisable to use dowels with large heads for more effective fixation.
Such caps distribute the pressure created by the dowel-nail over a large area, so that the cement stone does not receive damage. In high-density slabs (over 700 kg/m3), everything is done in the same way as when fixing with self-tapping screws.
Rivets use for quick fixation to steel or aluminum profile
, where for some reason it is impossible to use self-tapping screws.
To do this, the sheet is put in place, then a hole is drilled, the diameter of which is 1.2 times larger than the diameter of the rivet.
After this it is necessary Using a special cutter, select a mounting hole under the rivet head.
If this is not done, the cap will protrude above the surface of the slab. Use instead of a cutter regular drill also not possible, because The cutter makes a hole with a flat bottom, to which the cap will be pressed tightly, and the drill makes a conical hole.
The cap will not be able to press evenly against such a hole, so over time the fastening will weaken and the plate will begin to dangle. If there is no cutter, it is better to leave the rivet heads outside; they can be covered with a thin layer of plaster. This will be better than using a drill.
The front surface of any cement bonded particle board is very smooth, so after covering the walls of a house with this material, it is enough to carry out only the final finishing.
To do this, first carefully putty the seams, trying not to stain the slabs too much. Then, when the putty dries, joints and seams clean with sandpaper.
After this, wallpaper is pasted, painted or any other finishing option is performed.
To apply wallpaper, use glue that is suitable for the selected type of wallpaper and is suitable for brick or concrete surfaces. For laying ceramic tiles, use only cement based adhesive, because it has the same temperature expansion as the DSP, so it will not crack due to temperature changes.
During the work, the glue is dosed with a special notched spatula.
If you decide to paint the walls, then use any vapor permeable paints and varnishes , suitable for painting brick or concrete surfaces.
Below is a video filmed by one of the Russian construction companies about the advantages of constructing residential buildings from cement-bonded particle boards using the example of one of these buildings. As you can see, the facade of a house made of this material is ready for painting immediately after its construction:
Cement particle board is a modern finishing material, but it is most effective only when used correctly.
After reading the article, you learned:
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Sheet building materials are used in many types of construction work, which are usually called “dry”. One of these materials is a DSP board. It is a durable material that can be used in construction frame houses and outbuildings, for indoor and outdoor finishing works.
Cement particle board (CSB) - foliage construction material, which is made from high quality cement (Portland cement) mixed with thin long wood chips(according to GOST 26816, chip thickness is 0.2-0.3 mm, length from 10 mm to 30 mm). Aluminum sulfate and liquid glass are added to the composition. When kneading, water is added (about 8% of the total mass). The resulting substance is molded into slabs and pressed.
DSP board - sheet building material for interior and exterior work
Some manufacturers make CBPB boards from several layers. They separately mix compositions with smaller and larger chips. A mixture with large wood chips is used for the inner layers and gives greater strength. Outer layers are formed from a composition with smaller chips, which makes its surface smoother. The folded “pie” enters the press, resulting in the formation of monolithic slab DSP with improved characteristics.
It is also worth saying that there are polished and unpolished CBPB boards. Sanded ones can be used for interior or exterior finishing in those works that can be immediately followed by finishing work. There is also finishing slabs DSP, on one of the surfaces of which a finishing layer is formed in the form of stone or brickwork, decorative plaster etc.
DSPs are mainly used in dry installation technologies. They are good for the construction of frame houses, since they do not emit harmful substances, have high strength, are low flammable, emit a small amount of smoke during a fire, and do not spread fire. Having a high mechanical strength, they increase the rigidity of frame structures. All this does frame houses, sheathed with DSP, safer and more reliable.
DSP sheets can be used in the construction of the following objects:
Disadvantage: the CBPB slab has a significant mass (several times heavier), which increases the requirements for the foundation. The heavy weight also becomes a problem when climbing to the second floor - you need assistants and or lifting equipment (at least a winch). Another disadvantage of DSP is its low resistance to bending loads. This limits their scope of application - they are placed on the base, in places with low bending load, or must be mounted vertically.
Resistance to atmospheric influences and high humidity, fungi and bacterial infections, allows the use cement bonded particle boards during the construction of outbuildings: sheds, garages, cellars.
Another area of application for cement particle boards is leveling floors and walls. Compared to other materials, the DSP board has better sound insulation characteristics, is not susceptible to fungi, and tolerates climatic influences well. Therefore, they are often used to create ventilated facades.
For interior finishing, DSP boards can be used for the following work:
The positive point is that there are cement bonded particle boards, sanded and unsanded. Polished ones have an absolutely smooth surface. When using them, you can only seal the seams and then paint, glue wallpaper, or use other finishing methods.
DSP board - relatively new material, not yet very widely used in private construction. This is because not everyone understands how he behaves in the long term. To understand whether it is good or not for your purposes, you need to know about all the properties.
Density of CBPB is 1100-1400 kg/m³. High density gives frame structures an increased level of rigidity. If this material is used for interior finishing work, such walls have sufficient load-bearing capacity to support shelves, cabinets and other fairly heavy objects.
The material is quite dense and heavy. One sheet with a height of 2700 mm - depending on the thickness - weighs from 37 kg to 164 kg. This makes it inconvenient to cover the second floor and above. This can be considered a disadvantage.
Another important characteristic for construction is linear expansion with changes in humidity and temperature. For a CBPB board it is present, but it is small. When placing the plates one next to the other, it is recommended to leave a gap of 2-3 mm between them. When installing the second row (in height), the recommended gap is 8-10 mm.
What else is worth knowing: when immersed in water, the dimensions change slightly - 2% in thickness and 3% in length. If the material is made according to technology, then even with prolonged exposure to the street under open air, it hasn't changed for years.
Cement particle boards do not tolerate bending deformations well, but have very high strength under longitudinal loads. That's why they are used for installation on vertical surfaces. Manufacturers do not recommend laying them on joists, but when laying them on a subfloor or rough screed the material behaves stably. Since the DSP board is not afraid of water, it can be laid on the floor in rooms with high humidity.
Elastic modulus:
If the CBPB is mounted on a frame, sheathing is required in increments of at least 60 cm. During installation, fasteners are installed in increments of 20 cm. We install self-tapping screws not only along the perimeter, but also along the intermediate rivers of the sheathing. In this case, you can glue tiles onto the DSP board (a primer, after it dries - not adhesive composition you can lay tiles).
The DSP board is a hard-to-burn material; fire does not spread across the surface; toxic or harmful gases are not released during combustion. Fire resistance limit (ability to contain fire) - 50 min. This means that the material will collapse after 50 minutes in the fire.
High frost resistance - the decrease in strength after 50 freezing/thawing cycles is no more than 10%, which allows the material to be used for building houses even in the Far North. The service life of this material outdoors is 50 years.
It is these properties that make DSP the more preferable material in. The structure turns out to be more reliable in terms of fire safety.
The DSP board has good soundproofing characteristics and can be used for cladding external or internal walls:
When using additional intermediate layers, impact noise becomes quieter by another 9-10 dB. That is, frame walls covered with DSP boards block enough sound to keep the house quiet.
The best combination is a combination of cement bonded particle board and mineral wool. Mineral wool also serves as insulation, since, due to the homogeneity of the DSP, it has a low thermal resistance (it is not a thermal insulation material).
DSP boards are characterized by high vapor permeability - 0.03 - 0.23 mg/(m·h·Pa). This is about the same level as natural wood. With the correct selection of wall coverings, the humidity in the rooms will be regulated naturally.
In addition, the DSP board has high resistance to rotting. This happens due to natural process the formation of calcium hydroxide, which is formed during the transformation of cement into concrete and alkalizes the material so that it becomes an unfavorable habitat for fungi, insects and putrefactive bacteria.
When purchasing materials for construction and finishing work, such characteristics as the size and weight of the material are important. DSP sheets are available in two sizes: with a width of 1250 mm, the length can be 2700 or 3200 mm. In this case, the thickness of the DSP boards can be 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36 mm.
It is clear that the thicker the slab, the greater its mass. Approximate weight values are given in the table (different manufacturers may have deviations both in the direction of increasing and decreasing weight).
Weight of cement bonded particle boards depending on size and thickness
You may also need the following parameters:
The DSP sheet is a homogeneous monolithic material without air inclusions, which explains the high thermal conductivity of the material. This must be taken into account when developing an insulation cake. The material adheres well to wood, polymers and metal, so it is convenient for construction work.
The DSP board can be fastened with nails or self-tapping screws. When mounting on a frame, the slabs must be mounted strictly vertical.
Scope of application of cement bonded particle boards in private construction
To fasten cement bonded particle boards you can use:
When installing CBPB slabs, it is necessary to strictly monitor the quantity and order of installation of fasteners: the material has a large mass, so fasteners must be installed at least as recommended. The distance between nails or screws depends on the thickness of the slab and is indicated in the table.
Each sheet of cement bonded particle board is fixed around the perimeter, departing a certain distance from the edge of the sheet. The frequency of installation along the long and short sides of the sheet is the same, but depends on the thickness of the material. In addition, there is also an intermediate mount - in the middle of the height. Here, the frequency of installing screws or nails is half as often as around the perimeter.
Despite the fact that cement particle board is much stronger, it is processed with the same tools: a router, a saw, a jigsaw. The difference is that you need to use stronger files.
For drilling, it is recommended to use a drill with a hard tip. You can use either a hand or electric drill. It is not recommended to grind this material, since this work removes upper layer, which increases water absorption. But when docking, sometimes it becomes necessary to equalize the height. In this case you can use grinding machines any type. Recommended grain sandpaper — №16-25.
Please note that in order to prevent the seams between the plates from cracking, when internal department the seam must be at least 4 mm, for an external one - at least 8 mm. The distance is large and can be closed with special slats (usually used when exterior decoration) or using elastic tape or sealant.
As a final finish, the DSP board can be painted or covered with plaster. For exterior finishing, the joints between the slabs are often simply painted over, leaving them unfinished. Another option is to use an aluminum profile trim that emphasizes the seams. You can also cover the seam with a strip.
For interior finishing, the seam is filled with sealant, which remains elastic after drying. After this you can plaster. The second option is to lay a special elastic cord, on top of which elastic plaster is again applied.
Modern construction widely uses cement-bonded particle boards (CPB) for exterior and interior decoration. We understand what the material is and how it is used.
Modern construction is impossible without the use of modern building and finishing materials. In the huge variety of composites used for finishing, special place belongs to slabs made of cement and wood chips. This wood-based material is superior to other particle board composites in many respects: OSB, chipboard and others. Let's figure out what the specifics of the DSP are and for solving what problems it can be used.
By its origin, CBPB belongs to composites. To prepare it, Portland cement is used, which is mixed with wood chips with special characteristics. Its shape is long thin needles(with a length of 1-3 cm, the thickness of the chips is only 0.2-0.3 mm) provides excellent performance properties.
In addition to cement and wood chips, the mixture for forming CBPB boards includes:
Additives make the slab resistant to the development of mold and bacteria. In addition, they reduce the ability of cement to destroy wood, increase the plasticity of the mixture, and give it flame resistance.
High-quality DSPs are a “sandwich” of 3 or more layers. The outer layers are made of a mixture based on small wood chips. They are smoother and easier to finish. The deeper layers are based on coarser, larger chips, which gives them additional strength.
The coating of the slabs can be sanded to facilitate finishing work. There are also varieties, on the outer layer of which a relief is applied that imitates brickwork or the texture of natural stone.
In addition to decorative properties, DSPs have a number of parameters that determine their applicability in a particular area. Let's look at them in more detail. In order to learn how to properly decorate walls with plastic panels, read this article.
One of the most important characteristics. The ability of the slab to withstand operational loads, as well as its weight, depends on the density. To characterize density, they usually indicate how much 1 cubic meter weighs. m of material. For DSP this parameter ranges from 1100 to 1400 kg.
The mass of the CBPB is directly related to its density. It is quite large, and exceeds the similar characteristics of other composites based on wood chips by 2 times or more. A slab with a length of 2.7 m and a width of 1.25 can weigh from 36.5 kg to 164 kg, depending on the thickness. Such a mass complicates the installation of slabs and other operations with them (transportation, lifting high floors etc). However, it is worth emphasizing that among all materials based on Portland cement, CBPB is one of the lightest.
The weight of a cement bonded particle board is significantly affected by its humidity. The standard allows fluctuations in this parameter within 3% of the base (9%), so that the same slab different conditions may weigh differently.
The plate has excellent compression resistance and longitudinal deformations. Its strength characteristics make it possible to use DSP sheets to strengthen walls. However, this material has much less ability to withstand bending and especially stretching.
DSP is a relatively new material. Therefore, the number of sizes in which it is produced is not too large. The standard width of the slabs is 1 m 25 cm. The length varies in the range from 2 m 70 cm to 3 m 20 cm. The thickness is more varied: there are 7 sizes, of which the most widely used are 1 cm, 1.6 cm and 2 cm. The maximum is The thickness reaches 3 cm 6 mm.
Slabs based on cement and shavings were found wide application in “dry” construction. They are most widely used for the construction of buildings according to frame diagram. This is facilitated by the ability of the slab to significantly increase the strength of the frame (with proper installation).
Another reason for the high popularity of CBPB is the high safety indicators of the material. The composite does not emit harmful volatile substances either during normal operation or during a fire. It does not support combustion and does not allow flames to spread across its surface.
The material is widely used in low-rise (up to 3 inclusive) construction. It is perfect not only for the construction of cottages and private houses, but also for buildings common use: offices, entertainment centers, hotels, industrial workshops. The high safety and environmental friendliness of the cement-bonded particle composite allows it to be used in the construction of children's institutions, schools, hospitals, and sanatoriums.
Another area of application for cement particle boards is the construction of street buildings in homestead farming. Outbuildings, change houses, sheds, cellars, outdoor toilets, built from DSP, serve for many years due to the high resistance of the material to atmospheric moisture, temperature fluctuations, the growth of bacteria and mold fungi.
The low resistance of the material to bending deformation somewhat limits its scope of application. The DSP is either laid on the floor (on a solid base) or hung on the frame in a strictly vertical position. This material cannot be placed at an angle or used to design arched structures!
In interior decoration, slabs based on cement and wood chips are also widely used. They are used to make internal partitions, subfloors, and window sills. Also, using DSP, the surfaces of walls and ceilings are leveled.
The slab can be secured to the frame using self-tapping screws or nails. The selection of fasteners is carried out as follows:
The DSP board weighs a lot, so in order to securely fix it to the frame, it is extremely important not to skimp on fasteners. The table shows the recommended number of fasteners for various sizes, as well as the maximum allowable distance between them.
The sheet is fastened around the perimeter, with strict adherence to the vertical placement of the slab and the frequency of installation of fasteners. After the sheet is secured around the perimeter, it is also necessary to tighten it along the line that runs in the middle of the height of the slab (horizontally). On this line it is permissible to screw in screws half as often as along the perimeter.
If the slab is used to create a subfloor, the technology involves placing a joist system. Timber is used for the logs (its dimensions: width 5 cm, thickness 8 cm). The logs are placed on the base, having previously laid a layer of sound and waterproofing. The step between the logs is about 0.6 m.
A layer of insulation is placed between the joists. The thickness of the layer is selected so that after laying and covering waterproofing membrane the layer turned out to be a couple of centimeters deeper than the lag. This gap is necessary to organize ventilation.
A DSP board (usually 2 cm thick) is placed on the logs. The slab is attached to the joists with self-tapping screws, recessing the countersunk heads flush with the floor surface. The seams are carefully sealed using sealant. The finished floor can now be laid on top of the slab.
Before starting installation, you should draw up a project. It will allow you to understand how many sheets will need to be strengthened, where each sheet will have fasteners, and what pieces the purchased slab will have to be cut into. Before work, you need to carefully consider how the plate will be held in place until it is completely fixed. Since the cement-bonded particle composite is very heavy, it is worth considering the possibility of using lifting mechanisms.
When working with DSP, every pair of hands is more important than ever. Therefore, it is strictly not recommended to start work alone. It is better to work with at least one assistant.
The procedure is as follows:
In the building, the joint width is at least 0.4 cm, outside - at least 0.8. Otherwise, the joints will begin to crack.
All that remains is to paint the slab or plaster it for a final finish.
Any business turns out better if you use practical experience. Such a wealth of valuable knowledge about the features of choosing and installing CBPB can be acquired through personal experience, but mistakes will lead to delays in construction and financial losses. Therefore, we suggest watching several useful video clips to get acquainted with the experience of professional builders:
The use of modern finishing materials allows you to complete construction work much faster, without spreading excess dirt and ultimately obtaining an excellent result. The use of DSP provides just such opportunities to the builder.
However, before starting work, you should familiarize yourself with all the features of this material. This will help you not expect the impossible from him and avoid annoying mistakes in installation. We hope that the tips contained in this article will help you in your work!
Among the slab and sheet materials used for finishing and constructing partitions and various design elements, one cannot ignore cement-bonded particle board or cement-bonded particleboard. Of course, in terms of popularity it is inferior to drywall, but, as practice shows, it is also suitable modern world there is a place. Most often, the DSP board is used by builders as formwork. It is smooth, with good strength, plus - with its help, it is much faster to assemble formwork than from boards.
Many may doubt that application of DSP Suitable for constructing formwork. After all, it can be replaced, for example, by metal or plywood, which are also used. This is probably true, but a slab with a thickness of 24-26 mm can withstand quite serious loads. Moreover, if you install permanent formwork using cement-bonded bonding material, then, in fact, you will get a ready-made finished foundation or other structural element building. And this is a big plus in many situations.
In addition, it is necessary to take into account the conditions under which the room being finished will be used. For example, if this is a gym, then there can be no talk of any drywall. He just can't withstand the ball's impact. And the DSP boards will hold up. They can be used for strapping and cladding frame houses. Today you cannot find better material for this value. Another advantage is the ability not only to paint the cement-bonded particle material, but also to use it as a finishing material. Fortunately, manufacturers today offer a huge assortment with design to suit different materials, as shown in the photo above.
From the name itself it becomes clear that the main components of this material are cement (65%) and wood shavings (24%). All this is mixed with water (8.5%), and various additives are added to the resulting mixture to improve the technical characteristics of the slab (2.5%).
In the process of producing CBPB, two types of particle boards are used. They differ in size: small and medium. The slab itself has a three-layer structure, so medium-sized chips are poured into the second layer, and small chips into the first and third. Myself manufacturing process takes place in the following sequence.
The fact that this is a durable material is clear because it contains a cement component. But it is also moisture resistant due to the use of hydration components. Plus, DSP boards have excellent bearing capacity, which cannot be said about gypsum board or plywood. But a lot will depend on the parameters of the stove.
As for the width, it is standard - 1.2 m. But the thickness and length are dimensions that vary over a fairly wide range. As for the length, the manufacturer can cut it to any size if the order batch is large. But there are also standard values: 2.7; 3.0; 3.2 and 3.6 m.
As for thickness, there is a fairly decent range here too: from 8 to 40 mm. Accordingly, the weight of the product will increase with increasing thickness. For example, a slab 2.7 m long and 8 mm thick weighs 35 kg. With a thickness of 40 mm, the weight will increase to 176 kg.
With a DSP length of 3.2 m and a thickness of 8 mm, its weight will be 41 kg. With the same length and thickness of 24 mm, the weight will be 124 kg.
There are no rounded edges or chamfers in the design of the DSP boards. The edges are straight and cleanly cut, so there shouldn't be any problems with joining panels and fitting. They do not need to be treated with antiseptic compounds before finishing, because during the manufacturing process an antiseptic is added to the raw solution.
Other technical characteristics according to GOST:
Manufacturers today offer two types of cement-bonded particle board material, which differ from each other quality characteristics. These are TsSP-1 and TsSP-2. The first one is better.
There is an opinion that slabs of this type are inferior to plasterboard in many respects. You should not compare these two materials; they have different purposes and different areas of application. The examples described above confirm this. Of course, DSP has its drawbacks, which we’ll talk about.
