An additional action performed by a pronoun or noun is called a participial phrase in Russian. The article provides the rules for writing it in a sentence, exceptions to the rules, as well as various options use of adverbial verbs.
Participial turnover is a speech construction consisting of a gerund and dependent words. An adverbial phrase indicates an additional action that is performed by a noun or pronoun (represented by the subject of a sentence), and usually refers to a verb (predicate). Answers the questions - Doing what? What did you do?
Example sentence: Without opening my eyes, I enjoyed the morning birdsong.
The green line underlines the participial phrase, and the red line underlines the predicate verb to which it refers.
The participle as a part of speech, as well as the rules for using participle phrases, are studied in the 7th grade.
As a rule, in a sentence the participial phrase plays the syntactic role of an adverbial adverb and is separated by commas.
Examples:
Smoke, enveloping houses, rose up (went up - how? - enveloping houses).
I'm taking notes while reading a book (making notes - when? - reading a book).
I started thinking solving a problem (thought - when? - solving a problem).
Simple sentences with participial phrases are usually called sentences with a complicated isolated circumstance.
TOP 5 articleswho are reading along with this
In sentences, the participial phrase is highlighted by commas on both sides (isolated) regardless of what position it is in relative to the predicate verb. In addition, participial phrases in a sentence are always separated from conjunctions by commas.
Examples:
I took the book going to the closet.
After drinking water, I quenched my thirst.
We worked for a long time and finished with business, decided to rest.
Exception. If an adverbial phrase is a phraseological unit, then it is not separated by commas in the sentence. Examples: I ran headlong. They work carelessly.
Note! The participle phrase is used only in cases where it denotes an additional action of the same person (object, phenomenon) as the main verb. In other cases, the participial phrase is not used. An example of a violation when using an adverbial phrase: When choosing fruits, I liked red apples(subject - apples, predicate - liked it, participial turnover choosing fruits meaning refers to the secondary member of the sentence to me).
You have studied the section of morphology that examines special form verb - gerund. In class you will be able to repeat morphological characteristics a participle that combines the characteristics of a verb and an adverb. You will also remember the rules for isolating and using adverbial participles, writing adverbial participles with the particle NOT and stylistic use participles.
An adverbial phrase may not denote the action of the subject:
a) if it refers to an infinitive indicating the action of another person: He asked to talk about the trip, giving as many details as possible.
b) if it is used in an impersonal sentence with an infinitive: Moving on to new topic, you should start by explaining the basic concepts.
Rice. 2. Particle NOT with in different parts speech()
Participles are written with a negative particle NOTapart, except in cases when the gerund is not used without NOT.
For example: perplexed, indignant, hating.
Participle despite written with NOT separately, but a pretext despite written with NOT together.
Compare:
He spoke without raising his eyes and despite on those present. He came out despite indignation of those present.
Participial phrases are mainly part of book speech. They are characterized by great expressiveness, due to which they are widely used in the language fiction. This feature of adverbial constructions is visible from the following example:
Writer Dmitry Vasilyevich Grigorovich, talking about his literary endeavors, recalls a conversation with F.M. Dostoevsky. “I had it written like this: When the organ grinder stops playing, the official throws a nickel from the window, which falls at the feet of the organ grinder. “Not that, not that,” Dostoevsky suddenly spoke irritably, “not that at all!” You sound too dry: the nickel fell at your feet... You should have said: the nickel fell on the pavement, ringing and bouncing...” This remark - I remember very well - was a revelation for me. Yes, indeed, ringing and bouncing - it turns out much more picturesque, it completes the movement...”
Homework
№ 181; № 184; № 185 (Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook.- M.:Education, 2012 ) .
Exercise: Copy the text by inserting the missing commas and opening the parentheses. Underline the participial phrases.
That winter, a young she-wolf walked in the pack, having (not) forgotten her childish amusements. During the day, the wolves curled up into balls and dozed, and she jumped up, spun around, trampling the snow and waking up the old people. The wolves (reluctantly) got up and poked their cold noses at her, and she playfully snapped, biting their legs. The old she-wolves curled up and without raising their heads looked at the young prankster.
One night the she-wolf got up and ran into the field, and behind her, the old men, sticking out their tongues, began to shake. The wolves then remained lying down and they ran after the pack.
The wolves ran along the road and shadows glided behind them, breaking in the snow. The snow sparkled like diamonds in the moonlight. The ringing of bells was heard from the village. It seemed as if the stars that had fallen from the sky began to ring as they rolled along the road. The wolves, stuck up to their bellies, retreated into the field and lay down with their muzzles turned to the village. (125 words) (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)
Didactic materials. Section "Communications"
Rules of the Russian language. Participle.
Lectures and electronic textbooks. Participle.
4. Website about Russian language and literature ().
Stylistics of parts of speech. Participle.
Literature
1. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.
2. Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.
3. “Russian language. Practice. 7th grade". Ed. Pimenova S.N. 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.
4. Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. "Russian language. 7th grade. At 3 o'clock." 8th ed. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2012
Participial turnover is a participle with dependent words. Like a single gerund, it denotes an additional action and is performed by the same person, object or phenomenon that performs the main action. Always isolated. Answers the question “doing what?” or “having done what?” The action usually refers to the subject, for example: summing up the meeting, the minister congratulated all teachers on the start of the school year.
The participle is independent part speech in Russian, which denotes an additional action with the main one. This part of speech combines the characteristics of a verb (aspect, voice and reflexivity) and adverbs (immutability, syntactic role of adverbial adverb). Answers questions about what to do? what did you do?
Rule.
When using an adverbial phrase in a sentence, remember that:
Trap!
The participial phrase cannot be used in the following cases:
if the action expressed by the predicate verb and the action expressed by the gerund refer to different persons (objects):
Jumping off the footboard of the tram, my hat flew off (IMPOSSIBLE, since “a hat cannot jump from a tram”!)
if in an impersonal sentence there is no infinitive to which the adverbial phrase could relate, but there is a combination of a predicate verb with a pronoun or noun as an object.
Looking out the window, I felt sad (IMPOSSIBLE, since there is an addition to me)
if the participial phrase refers to passive participles, because in this case, the subject of the action expressed by the predicate and the subject of the action indicated by the gerund) do not coincide:
Having run away from home, the boy was found (IMPOSSIBLE, since the boy runs away from the house, and other people find him!)
Syntactic norms. Algorithm of actions.
1) In the phrase in bold, find the participle (answers the questions: what by doing? what by doing?)
2) Highlight the basics in each option.
3) If the sentence does not have a subject, try to reconstruct it using the predicate.
4) If it is impossible to restore the subject in a sentence, see if the producer of the action is indicated in the indirect case.
5) Match the subject with the gerund in each option.
6) The option where the subject performs the action of both the gerund and the predicate is correct.
Analysis of the task.
Provide a grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Without counting on help,
1) my strength began to leave me.
2) the students completed the task independently.
3) independence is very important.
4) the textbook helps you better cope with difficult material.
Finding the participle: n not counting on help - doing what? without counting.
In each option we will find the grammatical basis:
1) my strength began to leave me.
2) the students completed the task independently.
3) independence very important .
4) the textbook helps you better cope with difficult material.
We correlate the gerund and the subjects by answering the question: who can't count on help? Is not strength, not independence and not a textbook. Only students can cope with the task and not count on help.
Correct answer - option number 2.
Also watch the video if anything is unclear.
Practice.
1. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Analyzing Pushkin’s poem “Poltava”,
1) critics noted the abundance of colloquial expressions.
2) its “obvious” disadvantage was considered to be the abundance of colloquial expressions.
The participial phrase located at the beginning of the sentence is always separated by a comma. However, there are a number of cases when the separation of turnover does not occur. The article discusses exceptions to the rule and provides illustrative examples.
The participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence before the word being defined (the verb on which the participle depends) is always isolated - separated by a comma. The same rule applies when it is used in the middle or at the end of a sentence.
Examples of using participial phrases at the beginning of a sentence:
Taking off my shoes, he entered the room. Winning at the Olympics, she received a gold medal. Whistling a song, Sasha went down the stairs.
Comma after participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence not placed under certain conditions:
Examples: Having lit the stove And hanging wet things, the guys decided to have a snack. Leafing through every book And carefully reading the pages, Katya was preparing for the exam.
Examples: They worked tirelessly and received excellent results. Boys listened old man holding breath.
Since the participial phrase is a separate circumstance, most often in a sentence it is highlighted on both sides with commas. However, there are exceptions to this rule. This article describes in detail all the nuances of using the participial phrase.
Participial turnover is a participle with dependent words. In a sentence it expresses the meaning of an additional action and plays a syntactic role isolated circumstance. As a rule, in sentences with participial phrases, commas distinguish a separate speech structure on both sides.
Features of the use of participial phrases:
Examples: Having solved the problem, I'll go for a walk. Picking apples, grandma made jam.
Examples: I was drinking tea, admiring the dawn. He fell, sprained my leg.
Examples: Kate, having prepared breakfast, set the table. The man was riding on the bus listening to music, and remembered yesterday's conversation.
The participial phrase without commas is used in the following cases.
