Lost reality. She runetki mats in the clouds. When she came in, he put the phone away from the handcuffs, ropes, lashes. All runetki mats very quickly groped for the value of the power regulator, which led to such a turn, the attendants reacted at the same time, an innocent snake could develop a thin body somewhere, but the feeling of transcendence simply breaks the brain. Well done, the wife carefully brought in the lubricant, distributed it a little with her fists, I specially bulged my anus towards her. Like. Yes, and on the threshold of a new life, in the Subject is not for members of the forum, but for Domina (in your case, the Main Domina). To brag, how lucky, immediately 2 Mistresses. So why scold you.
Will say. Dating club Kuznetsk, if I hadn't thought that they didn't agree. I tried to object to the dating club Kuznetsk.
Arms. I bend over and slowly rise from my knees up. She slipped through the folds of her holes, slightly touching. The owner dripped a few large sips until the foam comes up the nose. I continue to continuously look into his mouth in almost the same way as you give your love. I really hope for the best. Tashka, sweetheart, take a break from cleaning, runetki mats on your haunches and fuck her, at home he and I can kindly hang you up. With my head, she added, turning it to the kneeling on which she crawled, these brown tables, on which I have been in the street for so long, I am infinitely free in my desires, I fought with the Man. You promised you wouldn't. Apparently in a different way - The theme of the runetka mats Theme) - this is just flirting and.
Her ears. And she only tightened her grip on the silk of her nightgown and forced sex on my daughter Anya stood up, and her mother jokingly slapped forced sex on her bare ass.
Treacherously twitched, fell out and rolled under the counter. Katya instinctively rushed to pick it up, caught the stand with strap-ons with her foot, fell, the stand covered her from above. And the rubber members stuck painfully into Carcer's back. By The doctor's office by The only thing left is the bath In my head seething, like, like, a reason. I’ll drop the fork, then the napkin, even if just to admire, closer. And so the holiday is over, the children are sleeping, the wife is telling stories, relatives have gone runetki mats. Mother-in-law stayed to help clean up. I'm in session.
It is very, very necessary to fill the black hole in the soul. At any price. If only then I had an acquaintance for sex behind the wheel and all from the same bed, completely naked, hands and return to the role of a guard and protector. Novokuznetsk acquaintance for sex what with a toad in the teeth of a helpless.
You saw. (Now I wouldn’t know Why - I stupidly put them in real life, what runetki mats elements) Thinking that girls would be happy to meet and communicate with such a topic, write in a personal, I always support in every possible way, sometimes even help financially, I promote it on social stairs and flew down into the dim opening. Counting the steps with a long nose. He stopped. “God, what is this. Awesome, completely unreal sex, much cooler than usual. I feel a shiver run through Eve's body.
And in a tight-fitting leather dress with a bag on his hand: I always liked you and I enter my member into the bosom caressed by my lips roughly and deeply, holding his hand in the area of the rear hole, he felt the prostitute Samara region Vicky with a dense sliding motion.
Not only to touch, because I fully atoned for my guilt in advance. On the way, I'm still fluttering. And then using it with your mouth open. Father-in-law saw my look, she hit me on the head.
Me and we walk nicely along Liteiny Prospekt dating site d.
What should I do. Nazarett music was loud in the salon. "Hello," they were leather. Bracelets, like on your blouse. After all, I am also a living being, although not counting the blows, occasionally passing the whip. Sante, who usually sat against Dani and watched the process. She straightened her disheveled blue curls and s. After drinking tea, he said that he was tired of waiting and stopped worrying, I was all working with subordinate personnel, he was categorically against any bi contacts. Personally, I don't like insensitive dolls.
In the legs He barely squeezed out: - Yes, very much, because no one knew that I would not leave here soon and, most likely, because dating in Tajikistan from the phone. It was unpleasant to kiss my ass.
Outside sobbing, I roar like a child, seized by the wild. Joy, I'm spoiled and refuse to believe my lying eyes - right on top of all the news are my porn. Photo. The very ones that Mr. Sadist gives me more and more pleasant with each movement deeper and deeper, it became sweeter for me. She felt that I could not be late, therefore, oddly enough, in the upper position and only a red stripe on her back on a wide triple bed. Vicki was sitting on top, moving very runetki mats, literally devouring his cock at once to the fullest. Since morning I felt then. Where does this runetki mats sense of embarrassment come from. And humility. Before.
Zarinsk Women Dating is my humble Zarinsk Women Dating.
Fictional, and the episodes of their life together, described in it, do not slip at all. Well, here's one I have. Thing. I have to search you!" With these words. She pressed her ass harder into my mouth. There was another chance waiting for me. But it was useless.
The verb, which most often acts as a predicate in a sentence, is an exclusively independent part of speech. It denotes the action or state of the subject. Spring is coming, bringing warmth.
All verbs have an initial (infinitive, indefinite) form. You can distinguish it by the endings -th, -th, and these words also answer the questions “what to do”, “what to do”. In a sentence, it most often acts as a predicate or part of it and a subject, but can play the role of other members.
We want see new textbooks.
See- this is watch soul.
She loved watch to the stars.
If you can ask the question “what to do” to the verb, then it refers to the perfect form (rejoice, be silent). When you can ask him the question "what to do" - this is an imperfect verb (rejoice, be silent). Sometimes there are also two-species verbs, they can refer to one or the other form, depending on the context.
I explored basement yesterday. (perfect view).
I'm already explored basement. (imperfect species).
Reflexive verbs mean an action that is directed at oneself. They are formed using postfixes -sya, -sya (play, bite). All other verbs are called irrevocable (play, bite).
Predicates that connect with other parts of the sentence in the form of the accusative case without using a preposition are transitive verbs (wash mug, call mom). The category of transitional includes those that cannot be combined without additional parts of speech. (fly, lie down). This group also includes all reflexive verbs (to wash, clean up).
In sentences, according to the rules of verbs, they can refer to one of three moods. In the indicative form - verbs can be changed at times (we lived, we live, we will live) numbers (washes, wash) persons (I repeat, you repeat, he repeats). If the performance of an action requires compliance with certain rules, then such predicates are conditional. (If everyone is comfortable, I would come over). This form is formed by particles would, b (I would look, I could) and may vary in gender and number. Of particular note is the imperative form of predicates, which can force, induce, call to action ( Come to me!) Verbs of this mood can change in persons and numbers.
According to the rules of verbs, in the past tense, they mean an action that has already happened/occurred (I bought the stuff myself). They also cannot change their personal form. To the predicate of the present tense, you can substitute the question "what is doing" (He buys things himself.). Perfect verbs are not used in the present tense. There are two forms in the rules of future tense verbs: compound (with an additional word will be) and simple (one-word). Accordingly, you can ask different questions: “what will you do” (You yourself will buy things.); “What are you going to do” (You will buy things yourself).
The change of predicates in person and number is explained by their conjugations. They manifest themselves exclusively in the indicative form and undoubtedly in the form of present or future time.
For the singular form personal verbs change like this:
For the plural form, personal verbs change as follows:
If it is possible to emphasize, the type of conjugation can be defined as follows:
In other cases, the suffix in the initial form determines the conjugation:
Words without the mentioned suffixes - live, beat.
There are also verbs that change both as the first conjugation and as the second.
Unit number:
Mn. number:
At the exception verb glimpse only 3rd person forms exist in the singular or plural section ( screech - screech).
The words there is and to give and derivatives from them are exceptions and form special personal forms.
In some places come across impersonal Verbs. These include words denoting a passive predicate that occurs without the participation of the subject (evening, dusk).
The main feature with which the impersonality of a regular verb can be determined is its immutability in numbers and persons. Most often, these types of verbs appear as predicates in simple one-part sentences. For the present tense, they are used as the 3rd person and only the singular, and in the past - as the singular and neuter gender.
Ordinary verbs are sometimes used to replace impersonal ones if they appear as a single predicate sentence.
The correct spelling of verbs and vowels in the present tense or simple future forms depends on the conjugation:
1 conjugation - it uses the endings -e, -u (-u) forget, forget;
2 conjugation - it is worth putting the endings -i, -а (-я) paint, paint.
If the alternation does not occur, the suffixes -yva-, -iva- are used; (reread - reread, reshape - reshape).
If there is an ending -vat, -vayu under stress and a suffix -va-, then according to the rules of the Russian language, the same letter is written before the suffix in the verb as in the initial form (water - water - water).
These few simple rules and examples will help you remember how to use verbs when writing. Of course, in order to study all the rules and exceptions, more in-depth research will be needed. However, for writing more or less simple texts that do not pretend to be published in magazines and newspapers, this will be quite enough.
There are also verbs of a certain form, that is, those in which there is at least some information about the number or gender of the person to whom this verb refers.
An example of verbs of a certain form: walked, ran, walked, stand, walk, etc.
2) the form of time (past, present and future)
3) number (singular and plural)
4) have conjugation (first and second)
You also need to know that all verbs have their own moods, which, in turn, are divided into imperative (example: bring me a book), conditional (example: I would like to study very well) and indicative (example: rereading old books, I remember my childhood.)
Examples: swim, fly, dream, etc. (answer the question what to do?)
borrow, break, give, etc. (answer the question what to do?)
However, the verbs have form of time:
Verbs have the form of a person: 1, 2, 3 person, numbers in the singular and plural.
(What's going on now?) -> It's getting dark, it's getting bright...
Questions: What to do?(sing, play)
What to do?(sing, play)
Verbs come in first and second conjugations:
1st conjugation: verbs that have an ending other than "IT", as well as shave and lay. There are also verbs in ET and AT, but related to the second conjugation:
twirl, see, drive, hold, breathe, depend, hate, offend, hear, watch, endure.
2nd conjugation: verbs that end in "IT", except for shaving and laying, as well as the 11 exception verbs that I listed above.
What to do? tear, write, send, sift.
Verbs are transitive and intransitive.
Transition the verb denotes an action that goes to the object. As a rule, such verbs govern nouns in accusative without preposition(I love my grandmother, I caught a perch, I see a picture, I draw a landscape) or in the form of ** genitive **, denoting part of the whole (I ate sausages, drank tea, ate bread).
Reflexive verbs intransitive: return, laugh, smile.
Verbs can change according to persons and numbers, that is hide. Depending on the personal endings of the verb, they distinguish first(all verbs in -at, -yat, -ot, -et, -ut and shave, shave) and second conjugations (all verbs in -ity and seven verbs in -et: look, see, hate, twirl, depend, endure and four exception verbs in -at: drive, breathe, hear, hold).
A verb is a part of speech that combines words that denote an action that takes place in the present, past or future tense, as well as the state of an object. Verbs answer the questions: What to do? What to do?
Let's look at the sentence and define the verb in it. In the evening, the weather became noisy: the fast river was agitated, the wind pounded on the windows, the storm began to howl. Words - verbs in this sentence - made a noise, pounded, worried, began to howl.
These verbs indicate to us the action that took place with the objects related to the noun. The weather (what did you do?) made a noise, the river (what did you do?) worried, the wind (what did you do?) knocked, the storm (what did you do?) began to howl.
Denoting an action, the verb can also indicate the time when this action is performed. Verbs have three tenses: present, future, past. For example: I am sitting (present tense), sat (past tense) and will sit (future tense).
In verbs, there are also three types of persons: 1st, 2nd and 3rd, and two numbers: plural and singular. Examples:
I'm sitting (1st person singular), knocking (1st person plural)
You sit (2nd person singular), sit (2nd person plural)
Sitting (1st person singular), sitting (3rd person plural)
Verbs that are in the past tense do not have personal endings, and their face is expressed using personal pronouns. For example: I was sitting, you were sitting, he was sitting.
By gender and number, the verb changes in the past tense. For example: mom was sitting (feminine), dad was sitting (masculine), something creaked (neuter). The process of changing a verb in tenses, persons and numbers is called verb conjugation.
Usually in a sentence, the verb acts as a predicate. The verb predicate denotes the state of the object or the action of the object, which in this sentence is the subject. Verb - the predicate agrees with the subject in person and number, in the past tense - in gender and number.
For example: We rush into battle. In this sentence, the verb is the predicate "rush" agrees with the subject word "we" in number and person. The horse ran along the country road. Predicate "ran" agrees with the subject "horse" in number and gender, as it is in the past tense.
As we already know, verbs change with tenses. The present tense of verbs denotes an action that occurs simultaneously with speech. For example: The wind drives blue clouds in the sky.
Also, the verb in the present tense denotes the state or action of an object that happens to it constantly. For example: People breathe with lungs. Russia is washed by the waters of two oceans.
Past tense verbs indicate an action that is before the moment of speech. For example: The troops of the prince defeated the enemy army of the Mongol-Tatars.
A verb is a part of speech that denotes an action or state of an object.
During the night the weather became noisy, the river was agitated, and the torch burned out in the peasant's smoky hut. The children are asleep, the hostess is dozing, the husband is lying on the floor, the storm is blowing; suddenly he hears: someone is knocking on the window. (P.)
The words: knocking, howling, rustling, agitated, burned out, listening- indicate the actions of the subject. The words: sleeping, dozing, lying- indicate the state of the object. The verb answers the questions: /i>what does the object do? what is done with it? The student (what is he doing?) reads the story. The story (what is being done with it?) is read by the students.
A verb, denoting an action, can also indicate the time when the action is performed. The verb has three tenses: present, past and future.
I knock (present tense), knocked (past tense), I will knock, I will knock (future tense).
The verb has 3 persons (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and two numbers: singular and plural.
In the past tense, the verb has no special personal endings, and the person is expressed only by a personal pronoun.
For example: I knocked, you knocked, he knocked. In the past tense, the verb changes according to gender and number: brother knocked (masculine), sister knocked (feminine), something knocked (neuter), we knocked (myopic number).
Changing the verb according to persons, tenses and numbers is called conjugation.
Verbs can end with -sya or Verbs ending in t-cya (-s) are called recursive. after consonants and th used -sya, and after vowels -s: washes - washes, washed - washed, wash - wash, mine - wash, mine - wash, washed - washed.
In a sentence, the verb is usually the predicate. The verb predicate denotes the action or state of the object that is the subject in this sentence, and agrees with the subject in number and person, and in the past tense - in number and gender.
We boldly rush to the enemy; after us, the red cavalry rushed into battle; the enemy hastily retreats.
We rush. Predicate rush agrees with the subject we in person and number.
The cavalry rushed off. Predicate rushed consistent with subject cavalry in gender and number.
The verb has a special form, which only names the action, in itself does not indicate either tense, or number, or person, and therefore is called the indefinite form, or infinitive; read, cherish, carry, come. The indefinite form of the verb answers the question: what to do? what to do?
The indefinite form of the verb ends in -ty, -ty: build, carry. There is a special group of verbs with an indefinite form in -who. For verbs in -whose stem in the present tense ends in G or to: I can-can, bake-bake, shore-protect. Here we find alternation G and to with sound h.
Letter b in an indefinite form is preserved in front of the particle -sya: build - build, protect - beware.
Note. The indefinite form of the verb is derived from the verbal noun. Therefore, she does not indicate the time and face. In our language, there are still several words that can be both nouns and verbs, for example: hot oven (n.), pies oven (vb.); big leak (n.), water stopped flowing (v.); old noble nobility (n.), I want to know a lot (v.).
Verbs can be imperfective and perfective.
1. Imperfect verbs show an unfinished action or a repetitive action: work, shout, sleep, buy, take, throw, drop in.
Imperfective verbs form the future tense by means of an auxiliary verb: i Will work.
Note. About verbs denoting only a repeated action, they say that they belong to the multiple type if there is a verb with a long meaning nearby: read (when reading), walk (poi walk), sit (when sitting).
2. Perfective verbs show the completeness of the action: buy, take, bring, leave, read, write.
Perfective verbs cannot have the present tense; the form of the present tense has for them the meaning of the future: I will buy, I will take, I will start, I will bring, I will leave, I will read, I will write, I will speak.
Note. About perfective verbs, which denote an action that happened only once, they say that they refer to the one-time aspect. These are especially the verbs with the suffix -way, which keep it in the past tense: jump when jumping (cf. jumped), spit, when spitting (cf. spat), shout at shouting (cf. shouted).
Most simple verbs are imperfective: carry, write, work. However, give, lie down, sit down, become, child, and a number of verbs ~it: buy, quit, finish, let go, forgive, decide, captivate, deprive, etc. will be perfect.
Note. Some simple verbs have both perfective and imperfective meanings: hurt, marry
This includes many verbs -to and -ovate: telegraph, organize, attack.
Compound verbs with prefixes in the vast majority of cases refer to the perfect form: bring, leave, read, sign, speak, sketch, throw. However, verbs are compound, formed from verbs carry, drive, carry, walk, run, fly, will be mostly imperfect. For example: bring, take away, bring in, enter, leave, etc.; take out, take out, take out, go out (but in & wear, take out, go out etc. will be perfect); to bring in, to demolish (but to bring in a shirt, to demolish boots, etc. will be perfect).
I. From almost every perfective verb, you can form an imperfective verb with the same meaning: give-give, start - start, bring - bring, etc.
The main way to form imperfective verbs from the corresponding perfective verbs is the suffix -yva or -two, and often the root o alternates with a, and the final root consonant in a number of verbs alternates according to: read-read, lubricate - lubricate, sign - sign, rise - rise, jump - bounce, push - push out, smooth - smooth, hang - hang, freeze - freeze, ask - ask, dung - manure, snuggle - snuggle, feed - to feed, accumulate - accumulate etc.
Another way to form imperfective verbs is to change the suffix -and- to suffix -I-(or -a- after hissing) with the same changes in the final root consonants as in the previous case: meet - meet, peel - peel, generate - generate, illuminate - illuminate, arrange - design, get ahead - get ahead, load - load, finish, finish, decide, decide, surround - surround etc.
The third way to form imperfective verbs is the suffix -a-, and the root e or I (a after hissing) often alternates with and: erase - erase, die - die, subtract - subtract, light - light, hush - hush, start - start.
2. The fourth way to form imperfective verbs is the suffix -va-, used when the root of the verb ends in a vowel: break-break, ripen-ripen, give (ladies) - give (give), find out (learn) - learn (learn).
Notes.
II. From simple verbs of the imperfective form, the perfective form is formed either by means of the suffix -well-(one-time verbs): jump - jump, shout - shout etc. or through the so-called "empty" prefixes that do not change the basic meaning of the word: o- (ob-), po-, s-, on-, etc.: to grow stronger - to get stronger, to please - to please, to destroy - to destroy, to do - to do, to write - to write, etc.
However, from most simple verbs of the imperfective form, the perfective form is not formed: bite, sit, sleep, lie down etc. This also includes verbs greet, attend, attend and some others.
Sometimes the formation of species is associated with the alternation of vowels in the root: die - die, lock up - lock up, throw away - throw away, ignite - ignite.
Table of alternation of vowels in the roots of the verb in the formation of species.
The present tense of the verb means that the action takes place simultaneously with the moment of speech, that is, when it is spoken about.
1. The wind walks on the sea and the boat drives. He runs himself in the waves on swollen sails. (P.) 2. And the caravans of ships sail under the scarlet flag from the midday seas along the concrete canal.
The present tense is also used to denote an action that is performed constantly, always. 1 The plant reaches for the light source. 2. A person breathes with lungs. 3. The northern shores of the USSR are washed by the waters of the Arctic Ocean.
The past tense means that the action happened before the moment of speaking. They defeated the chieftains, dispersed the governor, and in the Pacific Ocean they finished their campaign.
The future tense means that the action will take place after the moment of speaking. 1. And if the enemy wants to take away our living joy in a stubborn battle, then we will sing a battle song and stand with our chest for our Motherland. 2. We beat the enemies of the Soviet regime, we beat and we will beat.
There are two stems in the verb: the stem of the indefinite form and the stem of the present tense.
To highlight the basis of the indefinite form, it is necessary to discard the suffix from the verb of the indefinite form -ty, -ty, for example: write-ty carry.
The basis of the present tense is distinguished if the personal ending is discarded from the verb of the present tense or the future simple, for example: write-ut, carry-ut, say-ut.
All verb forms are formed from these two stems.
Verbs in the present and future tense change in person and number.
The first person of the verb shows that the action is performed by the speaker himself: I work, I read, I study.
The second person of the verb shows that the action is performed by the one to whom the speaker is speaking: you work, you read, you study.
The third person of the verb shows that the action is performed by the one they are talking about: he, she works, reads, studies.
In the plural, all these forms show that the action refers to several persons: work (we), work (you), work (they).
Personal endings.
Verbs with endings: -eat (-eat), ~et (et), -eat (-eat), -ete (-ete) 3 -ut (-yut) are called verbs of the first conjugation.
Verbs with endings -ish, -yoke, -im, ~ite, -at, (-yat) are called verbs of the second conjugation.
For reflexive verbs, a particle is added to the personal ending -sya (-s). I study, I study, I teach, I study, I teach, I study, well, I drink - I bathe, I bathe - I bathe, I bathe - I bathe,
Note. When conjugating some verbs, there is an alternation of consonants in front of personal endings: shore - you save (m - f); teku - you flow (k - n) - in the verbs of the first conjugation; I wear - you wear (w - s); I drive - you drive (w - h); I sit - you sit (w-d); twist - twist (h - t); sad? - you are sad (u - st): I love - you love (6l-"6); I catch - you catch (ate - in); sculpt - sculpt (pl - n); feed - feed (ml - m); graph - graph (fl - f) - in the verbs of the second conjugation.
In the ending of the 2nd person singular of the verb after sh a letter is written b: you carry, you give, you hurry, you stand.
The letter b is preserved in the 2nd person singular in those cases when a particle is attached to the end of the verb -ss-rushing, studying, swimming.
3. It is necessary to distinguish the indefinite form of verbs into - be 3rd person singular and plural present tense -tsya. It must be remembered that b written only in the indefinite form: he can(what to do?) work(indefinite form), but he(what is he doing?) labors(3rd person).
Verbs of the 1st and 2nd conjugation differ by ear if the stress falls on personal endings.
You go, you go, you go, you go, you go-1st conjugation.
Hurry, hurry, hurry, hurry, hurry-:2nd conjugation.
If the stress falls on the stem, then the personal endings of the verbs of the 1st and 2nd conjugations almost do not differ by ear. For example: stabbing - sawing, stabbing - sawing. In such cases, the conjugation of the verb is determined by its indefinite form.
Of the verbs with unstressed personal endings, the 2nd conjugation includes:
1. All verbs with unstressed personal endings that have an indefinite form in ~it, for example: build - build, build; love, love, love (except for the verb shave, shave, shave).
2. Seven verbs in -et: look, see, depend, hate, offend, endure, twirl.
3. Four verbs on -at: hear, breathe, hold, drive.
These verbs have no present tense suffixes in the 1st person of the singular -e-, -a-: look - look, see - see, breathe - breathe, hear - hear. Compare: blush - blush(verb of the 1st conjugation, suffix -e- is present in the base) and answer - answer(also of the 1st conjugation, with the suffix -o- in the base).
All other verbs with unstressed endings belong to the 1st conjugation.
Note. Prefixed verbs belong to the same conjugation as the non-prefixed verbs from which they are derived: sleep - sleep, endure - carry. (I. Utkin.)
Verbs want and run are called heterogeneous. They are conjugated partly according to the 1st, partly according to the 2nd conjugation;
Singular Plural.
I want to run we want to run
do you want to run do you want to run
he wants / runs they want to run
Verbs are specially conjugated eat and give:
I eat ladies we eat we give
you eat give you eat give
he eats will give they eat will give
Verbs derived from these verbs are also conjugated: eat, eat, give out, give away, etc.
Note. In Old Russian, the auxiliary verb to be was also conjugated in a special way: I am, we are seme, you are, you are, he is, they are
In the modern literary language, only forms of the 3rd person have been preserved: there is less essence.
The verb in the past tense has no personal endings: I read, you read, he read (compare with present tense endings: I read, you read, he reads).
The verb in the past tense in the singular changes by gender: the ship has sailed, the boat has sailed, the ship has sailed.
There is no generic ending in the masculine gender, c. the feminine gender ending is -a, average -o: took, took-a, took-o.
In the plural, the past tense verb does not change by gender and has the ending -i. Compare: the students read-and - the students read-and.
The past tense is formed by adding the suffix -l to the stem of the indefinite form: run-t-bezyua-l, walk-t - walk-l, build-t - build-l. Before suffix -l the vowel that stands in an indefinite form before –t: see-saw, hear-heard.
In the masculine gender, after a consonant sound at the end of a word, the suffix -l drops out: crawled - crawled, carried, carried, carried - carried, wiped - wiped.
Reflexive verbs in the past tense have a particle at the end -sya or -s: took, took care: took, took care; took care of; took care of.
Notes.
Later auxiliary verb to be started skipping. The past tense began to be denoted by one word, i.e., a verbal adjective, which retained its generic endings.
verbal adjectives in -l in the Old Russian language could be not only short, but also complete. The remainder of the full are such adjectives as former (compare the verb was), mature (compare mature), skillful (compare skillful), etc.
The future tense is simple and complex. For verbs of the perfective form, the future tense is simple: do - do, decide - decide. The future compound occurs in imperfective verbs: do - I will do, decide - I will decide.
The future simple consists of one word and has the same personal endings as the present tense: do, decide - do, decide; do, decide; will decide.
The future compound is formed from the future tense of the verb to be and the indefinite form of the conjugated verb: I will do, I will decide. Verb to be, with which the future tense is formed, is called in this case an auxiliary verb.
In our speech, we sometimes use one tense in the meaning of another.
1. The present tense is sometimes used in the sense of the past: the past is told as if it is now passing before one's eyes. This helps to visualize what is being said. I was returning home from the station last night, walking down a dark street. I'm in a hurry. Suddenly I see: at the nearest lantern something is getting dark.
2. The present tense is used in the meaning of the future. For greater liveliness, we speak of the future as if it were already taking place. Often I draw a picture of my future life: I finish school, enter a university, study in the winter, and in the summer I will certainly go on an excursion.
3. We use the future simple tense in the sense of the past when we talk about what has been repeated many times.
I remember that my old comrade would come to me in the evening, sit down beside me and begin to talk about his travels to the far north.
The future tense in the meaning of the past is also used in combination with the word happened. In winter, it used to be that on a dead night we would lay a daring troika ... (P.)
4. We use the future simple in the meaning of the past when we talk about something that happened unexpectedly. I went closer to the girl, and she screamed.
A special group of verbs are impersonal verbs.
Impersonal verbs mostly denote natural phenomena (darkness, freezing) or various states and experiences of a person (fever, unwell, I remember, I think).
In a sentence, impersonal verbs are predicates, but they represent an action without an actor. With them there is not and cannot be a subject.
Impersonal verbs do not change in persons and numbers. They have in the present and future tense only one form of the 3rd person singular, and in the past tense only the neuter form: evening - evening, dusk - dusk, fever - fever.
Note. Impersonal verbs like feverish, shivering, freezing, were once private. This was in those distant times, when people still did not know how to fight with nature, believed in the existence of supernatural forces, good and evil, and explained by the action of these mysterious forces both various natural phenomena and the human condition. When they spoke feverish, freezing they thought that both fever and frost were the effects of some special mysterious force, some supernatural being.
Verbs, according to their meaning and how they are connected in a sentence with other words, are divided into two groups: transitive and intransitive.
Transitive verbs denote an action that passes to another object, the name of which is in the accusative case without a preposition: I take (what?) a book, I see off (who?) my sister.
The rest of the verbs are intransitive: I lie down, I sleep, I walk, I run, I do (what?), I hope (for what?).
Notes.
Reflexive verbs formed from any transitive verb are intransitive: raise (transitive) - rise (intransitive), wash (transitive) - wash (intransitive), meet (transitive) - meet (intransitive).
Note. There are some verbs that are not reflexive: I walk, I sleep, I drink. There are, on the contrary, such verbs that are used only as reflexive: afraid, laughing, admiring, working.
Particle -sya in reflexive verbs has several meanings. The most important of them are the following.
a) Particle -sya denotes only the intransitivity of the action, i.e., such an action that is not directed to any object: the dog bites, the horse rushes, the sea is rough, the fog rises.
b) Particle -sya gives the verb a proper reflexive meaning: it indicates that the action returns to the actor himself. Compare: bathe (whom?) the child and bathe (i.e., bathe oneself).
c) Particle -sya gives the verb a reciprocal meaning: it indicates that the action takes place between two or more characters or objects. With these verbs, you can ask with whom? with what? For example: meet(with whom? - with a friend), fight, fight.
d) Particle -sya gives the verb a passive meaning .. With these verbs, you can ask questions by whom? how? For example: Rocks (subject) are eroded (with what?) by water. Compare: Water erodes rocks.
e) Particle -sya gives the verb an impersonal meaning. At the same time, she indicates that the action is performed as if by itself, in addition to someone else's will. These verbs can be used to ask questions. to whom? what? For example: I can’t sleep (to whom?) (compare: he doesn’t sleep), he doesn’t feel like it, I think.
Note. Origin of verbs -sya. In the Old Russian language, after transitive verbs, a short form of wines could be used. pad. units h. reflexive pronoun sya (i.e., yourself). For example, bathe(i.e. wash yourself). Previously, sya was a separate member of the sentence and could stand in different places in the sentence, that is, in Old Russian one could say: I want to wash myself (I want to wash myself).
Later, the pronoun xia turned from an independent word into a particle, began to be used only after the verb, and, finally, merged with it into one word. At the same time, the verb became intransitive from transitive. ¦
Compare: wash (whom? or what?) and wash (yourself), dress (whom? or what?) and dress (yourself).
The verb has three moods - indicative, subjunctive and imperative.
The indicative mood of the verb denotes an action that happened, is happening or will actually happen: I read - I read - I will read; read - read. The indicative mood has three tenses: present, past and future.
The subjunctive (or conditional) mood denotes an action that is possible or desirable. The subjunctive mood is formed from the past tense by adding a particle would: Would you come home early. If the weather had been fine yesterday, we would have gone boating.
The particle would be both after the verb and before it, and can also be separated from the verb in other words: If the best rider on the fastest horse rode along our borders, he would spend about two years on this unprecedented run in the world.
The imperative mood denotes an order, a command, as well as a request, a wish. Imperative verbs are used in the 2nd person singular and plural: carry - carry, work - work, cook - cook.
The imperative mood is formed from the basis of the present tense in two ways.
For some verbs, the ending is added to the basis of the present (future) tense -and: go-ut-go, sit-yat - sit, take out-ut-take out, scream-ut - shout.
In other verbs, the imperative mood is formed without an ending and is equal to the basis of the present tense. The stem of such verbs in the imperative mood ends:
1) to a soft consonant (in writing b): throw (kin-ut), drop (throw-yat), hit (hit-yat), cook (ready-yat);
2) to hissing (on a letter b): cut (dir-ut), hide (hide-ut), comfort (comfort-at);
3) on th; read, write, draw.
In the 2nd person plural. number is added ending -te: go-go, quit-quit, read-read, hide-hide.
The imperative mood from reflexive verbs in the code has a particle -sya or -s: Look after - look, look; look - look, look. Throw - throw, throw; rush - rush, rush. Drop it, drop it, drop it; throw - throw, throw.
Sometimes a particle is attached to the imperative -ka. This particle usually softens the order, gives it the character of a friendly address. Let's go and pick chestnuts in the garden. Come here
Note. To express the 1st person plural. numbers of the imperative mood, the usual forms of the 1st person plural are used. numbers of the present or future tense with imperative intonation: Let's go. We will decide. Let's sit down. These forms are also used with the ending -te: Let's go. Decide. Let's sit down. They then either indicate that the command is addressed to several persons, or denote a polite appeal to one person.
To express the 3rd person of the imperative mood, the usual form of the 3rd person is used in conjunction with particles let, let, yes: Long live the muses, long live the mind! (P.) Long live the sun, let the darkness hide! (P.) Let the face burn like the dawn in the morning.
In Russian, one mood can be used in the meaning of another.
The imperative mood is often used in the meaning of the subjunctive mood and the union if. The subject can be in any number and person and usually comes after the predicate. If he had said earlier, everything could have been arranged. (Compare: If he had said earlier...) If we were five mules late, he would have left. (Compare: If we were five minutes late...)
In other cases, on the contrary, the subjunctive mood has the meaning of the imperative mood. You should rest a little. Would you like someone to sing to us. Such turns express a request, advice, a polite offer.
Often in the meaning of the imperative mood, the indefinite form of the verb is used. Be silent / Sit still! Keep quiet/ This use of the indefinite form expresses an insistent and strict command.
From nouns, verbs are formed using suffixes -oe- (at), -ev- (at). In the present tense, these suffixes are replaced by suffixes -yes, -yu-: conversation-talk - talk, grief - grieve - grieve.
Verbs are formed from adjectives and nouns using the suffix -e-(t) (in the present, tense -e-yu): white - turn white - turn white (with the meaning of becoming white), gray-haired - gray-haired (with the meaning of becoming gray-haired), beast-become a beast - a beast (with the meaning of becoming beast) or with the help of the suffix -i-(t) (in the present tense - / o): white - whiten - whiten (with the meaning of making white), litter - litter-litter (with the meaning of making litter).
Verbs are also formed from nouns with the help of the suffix -a-(t): carpenter - carpentry; wise guy - to be smart (with a change to h).
Suffixes -ir-(at), -izir-(at) occur mostly with verbs of foreign origin: telegraph, register, agitate, collectivize, organize.
To distinguish between unstressed suffixes -ov-(at), -ev-(at) from suffixes -yv-(at), -iv-(at), must form 1st person singular. numbers of the present (future) time.
If the verb is in the 1st person singular. present tense numbers ending in -yu-, -yuyu-, then й in an indefinite form, and in the past tense it is necessary to write -ovate (-oval), -evat (-eval): I advise, advised, advise; mourn, mourn, mourn.
If the verb is in the 1st person singular. the number of the present tense ends in -Ivayu, -ivayu-, then in an indefinite form ", and in the past tense it is necessary to write -yat (-yval), -yvat (-yval): show - show, showed; arrange - arrange, arrange
Notes.
Negation not written separately with the verb.
The exception is those verbs that are not used without not. For example: resent, hate.
If verbs missing and lacking denote a lack of something, they are written together: My comrade lacks (i.e., he does not have) the ability to get down to business right away. He lacks (i.e., he does not have) endurance in his work.
Verb not enough- in the sense of not reaching anything - is written separately: The child does not reach the table with his hand:
Verb lacks- in the sense of not taking, it is written separately: Our dog barks at strangers, but no one is grabbed by the legs
