One of the most important and at the same time beautiful periods in the life of grapes is its flowering. This is the penultimate phase of the growing season, in which the flower separates, the stamens straighten, the pollen spills out and the bush is fertilized.
During the flowering period, air temperature, humidity and proper care of the plant are of great importance. The best weather conditions during this period are moderate drought and air temperature of 25-30 degrees Celsius. Depending on the region, grapes begin to bloom from the last decade of May and continue, depending on the variety, up to 20 days. In some regions, the temperature in June does not exceed 15 degrees, which adversely affects flowering. In the cold, the flowers bloom poorly, pollination is inactive, and as a result, a small number of ovaries are formed.
Also an important role is played by a sufficient amount of nutrients in the soil near the bush. If the soil is poor, little pollen is formed, respectively, the ovaries will be rare. Another reason for poor harvests is cold winds. They pluck flowers and ovaries, pour out pollen. The density of the brush and the future number of berries are completely dependent on these three factors.
The flowering of grapes does not occur around the clock, but only from 7 to 11 in the morning. After these hours, only individual flowers can bloom.
The flowers are pollinated within a week. The pollination period can be seen. The flower becomes light and moist. After pollination, it dries up, and ovaries begin to form. In the rain, the corollas are not dropped, respectively, the bisexual variety pollinates itself, and the female varieties do not pollinate. Even with ideal weather before and during flowering, only half of the flowers are fertilized, the rest are showered. This is the nature of the vineyards. After rain, only 10-20% of the flowers can be pollinated.
An important role is played by the sufficiency of photosynthesis processes, that is, the formation of organic substances, with the help of solar energy. Warm but cloudy weather slows it down.
The shoots are cut and tied up, leaving only the required amount. Otherwise, after flowering, there will be a lot of clusters, and there will be few ovaries on them.
A week or two before flowering, the plant must be watered abundantly. So that the soil remains moist throughout this period. The next time watered after shedding flowers.
Processing of inflorescences is done for better pollination.
The first pollination is always the most difficult, so only one inflorescence per shoot is left.
Inflorescences must be open for good pollination. To this end, after the shoots bloom, the leaves around the future brushes are taken to the sides. Under no circumstances should they be cut off.
During flowering, shoots grow many times more intensively, taking a lot of nutrients. For this period, pinch their tops.
To protect against diseases and pests, vineyards are treated by spraying. Treatment for diseases and pests is done 3-5 days before the plant blooms. To do this, use drugs such as Ridomil Gold, Topaz and Decis. They are bred in water and spray the bush completely.
Foliar top dressing of grapes is also necessary. It is made after 4-6 days from the beginning of flowering. For this purpose, you can use Vuksal Kombi B. This is a complex nitrogen-potassium fertilizer containing a large amount of boron. If the treatment is carried out with other drugs, then it is necessary to include boron additionally. It is important for the process of pollen formation and rapid fertilization of flowers.
Another treatment includes complex spraying of the bush with preparations for various diseases and pests. It is carried out after the formation of ovaries.
In the process of growing grapes, all periods are important. One of the most important is the flowering time of the grapes. Depending on how the grapes bloom, the grower plans his work. Of great importance are external factors, as well as skillful care. The future harvest will be of high quality if flowering is accompanied by good weather (temperature not lower than 25 ⁰С). Then bisexual flowers are pollinated normally.
For full pollination of grapes, you need to provide a balanced diet.
There are a number of reasons why grapes bloom without the formation of ovaries:
The flowering period is characterized by the following features:
The flowering of grapes is one of the most crucial periods of all phases of the growing season.
The tops of the shoots are pinched. This procedure is carried out at the stage of dropping the caps and the formation of stamens. The growth crown is removed so that at least five leaves remain. Insufficient pinching of the top of the shoot is ineffective. This will stop their growth for a maximum of 3 days. And during strong flowering, they will again grow vigorously, which will adversely affect the future harvest. This applies to:
In the future, artificial pollination is recommended. It is carried out with the help of powder puffs, which can contain the pollen of many flowering vineyards. An unfilled sprayer is also used. Shrubs are blown with air from both sides.
The best time for pollination is considered to be a quiet morning from 8:00 to 12:00.
The weather should not be hot and cloudy when there is no dew. At this time, pollen has the ability to "smoke". Under favorable conditions, artificial pollination can be performed throughout the daylight hours.
During the flowering period, vineyards can be pollinated 2 or 3 times. This is defined as follows: the grower carefully observes the beginning of the appearance of the first flowers on the brushes.
The first pollination is carried out in the presence of the third or fourth part of the color on the bush. The following is carried out when more than half of the flowers appear. Sometimes pollen is collected, dried a little and rubbed with hands.
The effectiveness of such a procedure is quite significant. It makes up to 30% of the total crop.
It should be borne in mind that grapes have a delicate flower structure. Therefore, it is not recommended:
The results of artificial pollination are always positive, since the ovaries are formed evenly, and the clusters have sufficient density and weight.
New drugs help to accelerate the formation of ovaries. These include Novosil. Also, a good effect was obtained when using Immunocytophyte. The vineyard treatment scheme with these preparations includes the following steps:
Adding Bordeaux liquid will not hurt. It is mixed with the agent used.
Novosil (Silkom) is used according to the following scheme:
You should know what to do before flowering:
Vineyards of different varieties can be planted side by side. Cross-pollination will not harm the future crop, but will only contribute to its better taste and weight.
Grapes are a very photophilous plant. If there is not enough light, then a good harvest may not be obtained. Bushes are subject to the development of infectious diseases. Therefore, you can not plant grapes next to fruit trees. He is well suited for places that are under the sun all day.
This plant is good for landscaping. Only two bushes of tall varieties, when properly formed, will decorate the yard and delight with an excellent harvest of this delicious sunny berry.
» » Features of flowering vine bushes
The flowering of grapes - the third phase of vegetation - begins with the separation of the flower and its fall in the form of a green cap. The staminate filaments straighten, pollen spills out of the anthers, and fertilization occurs.
The timing of the onset and passage of flowering, pollination and fertilization depend primarily on temperature. The best temperature for flowering grapes is 25-35°C.
In the Primorsky Territory, grapes bloom late, in the second half of June, and in particularly unfavorable meteorological years in mid-July. The duration of flowering depends on the temperature and humidity of the air, varies from 7-9 to 14-16 days for the same variety over the years.
The flowering phase in the southern part of the Far East coincides with cooling, drizzling rain and fog. Precipitation at this time is scarce, soil droughts are frequent. There are cases when the caps do not fall off, pollination occurs in a closed flower (cleistogamy).
The density of the cluster, and hence the yield, is directly dependent on the temperature in the flowering phase.
At temperatures below 15 ° C, grapes bloom, but pollen loses its fertility, its germination is almost completely suppressed. With increased air humidity (drizzling rain, fog), liquid droplets are washed off the stigmas, and the flower corolla is not completely shed. The vital activity of pollen at high humidity is short, about 3 days.
Insufficient fertilization in years with cool and damp weather during the flowering phase is the cause of flower shedding and low yields in Primorsky Krai.
Early flowering is the most important condition for the full ripening of clusters. The most famous wines have always been produced in early flowering years. According to the timing of the beginning of the flowering of a variety, it is possible to predict to some extent the timing of physiological maturity and the quality of the crop.
Flowering of one inflorescence lasts 5-8 days. The highest flowering activity is observed on the third and fourth days, when up to 60% of the flowers open. Grapes bloom early in the morning, the most active dropping of caps was noted in Vladivostok from 8 to 10 o'clock.
The stigma retains the ability to fertilize for 4-6 days after the opening of the flower. With good fertilization, on the second or third day of mass flowering, most of the stigmas in the inflorescence turn brown; if it is bad, droplets of liquid remain on them for a long time.
In the flowering phase, a strong growth of shoots and an increase in the assimilation apparatus continue, stepchildren and roots grow. All this requires a large consumption of nutrients.
If in the period up to June 10-15 (before flowering) the daily growth of the Alpha variety is 2-4 cm, then in the flowering phase the shoot increases its length by 4-6 cm and even by 7-10 cm. With such an intensity of growth, the growth mass one bush increases by 150-300 cm per day. The rapid growth of shoots in combination with unfavorable meteorological conditions often causes a strong shedding of flowers, and then ovaries due to their "starvation".
In the flowering phase, it is necessary to restrain the intensity of shoot growth by lightly pinching the tops of the shoots at the very beginning of flowering, refrain from applying nitrogen fertilizers and watering. Phosphorus-potassium top dressing before flowering and garter shoots contribute to better pollination and fertilization.
It is impossible to artificially reduce the assimilation apparatus by early minting; in order to increase the temperature of the soil, its processing is not recommended. It is necessary to ensure that the shoots do not fall to the ground, to carry out their garter in a timely manner, striving for their uniform distribution on the trellis.
Flowering of grapes is a favorite time for gardeners. The fact is that during the entire flowering period, you can do nothing. After all, watering and loosening the row spacing during this period will cause massive shedding of flowers, which will have a bad effect on the crop. Therefore, during flowering, gardeners do not appear at all in the vineyard out of harm's way, resting with a clear conscience for one or two weeks.
However, this approach is wrong. During flowering, you can do some tricks that significantly increase the yield.
As soon as the bush has blossomed, it will not be superfluous to pinch the shoots that have reached a length of 60-80 cm. This technique will allow you to stop the growth of the shoots for one to two weeks and send all the food to the bunches. Pinching weaker shoots is not carried out.
It is important to note that after pinching, shoots will begin to grow powerfully. All of them must be removed, except for the top one. Stepchildren are removed so as to leave stumps with one or two leaves. With such breaking out, the planted bud is not damaged, and the vine gets additional foliage.
Just before the flowering of the grapes, it is useful to treat with the stimulant Gibberellin or its derivatives: Gibbersib, Bud, Ovary, etc. The treatment is carried out a couple of days before flowering, and a week after flowering.
The result of spraying is especially noticeable on raisins and varieties with functionally female flowers. So, for example, in sultanas, the berries increase in size by two to three times, the clusters are especially large and beautiful.
True, not all varieties respond correctly to these stimulants. Part forms fragile clusters that break off from the wind or in the process of green weeding. In other varieties, the berries become soft and have a bad taste. It is possible to establish which varieties of stimulants are contraindicated only empirically.
Pollination of grapes is not the most popular activity among gardeners. However, this technique allows you to increase the yield by more than a third and get especially beautiful bunches. To do this, rabbit fur is nailed onto two planks, and such puffs are first charged with pollen, clamping and lightly passing bunches of bisexual varieties or raisins between them. After 10-15 bunches, you can start pollinating. For this, they are also clamped with powder puffs and pollinated. One charge is enough for 20-30 bunches. Then everyone repeats again.
Especially good results are obtained by pollination in years with unfavorable weather for flowering - rains or dews.
Very strongly affect the yield and foliar fertilizing with zinc sulfate and boric acid. Zinc is taken 5 g per 10 liters of water, boric acid - 10-20 g per 10 liters of water. In addition to them, it is useful to add 6080 g of colloidal sulfur to the solution. It improves the pollination of grapes. In addition, it allows you to destroy ticks and some diseases.
As you can see, there is something to do even during the flowering of grape bushes without the risk of losing the harvest.
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Through the efforts of breeders, frost-resistant grape varieties were bred, and many summer residents were carried away by breeding this sweet southern newcomer. On the thorny path of mastering the agricultural technology of growing crops, there are numerous pitfalls - tasks that have to be solved. For many, the mystery is why grapes do not bear fruit, which have a completely prosperous appearance, pleasing to the eye with lush juicy greenery.
In order to answer this question, let's figure out what factors the process of fruiting a crop depends on and what mistakes can be made when growing it.
The full development of grapes, which results in a high-quality and abundant harvest, depends on several conditions:
A vine planted in the northern part of the garden can develop satisfactorily, but will not bear fruit, it simply will not have enough light and heat for full development. Grapes are a heat-loving plant, for it it is necessary to choose a southern or southwestern, most illuminated place in a summer cottage. 
In addition, the time before fruiting begins in different varieties is different. Some varieties may show signal brushes as early as the second year after planting, and growers will be able to appreciate the berries of the planted grapes very early.
Before fruiting of other varieties, 3-4 years should pass. Before deciding what to do with bushes that do not show knotted brushes, you should study the features of the variety and its characteristics.
If the bushes are “overfed” by the application of nitrogen-containing fertilizers, the plant itself begins to develop intensively - leaves and branches grow luxuriantly - and the number of flowers and ovaries will decrease, there will be fewer fruit brushes.
In addition to a decrease in yield, other important plant abilities are weakened: cold resistance, resistance to various types of diseases.
The first sign of increased nitrogen content in the soil is the accelerated growth of young shoots. They will not have time to ripen before the onset of cold weather, and the bush will not endure the winter frosts. 
When fertilizing with fertilizers, consider the advice of professionals:
It is worth adding that with proper fertilizing, flowers and ovaries will no longer crumble en masse, the berry in the brush ripens evenly, the shape of the grapes will be the same.
If you notice that the grapes are not bearing fruit, check how well the vines were pruned.
In most grape varieties, the "fruitful eyes" from which young fruit branches develop are located from the 4th to the 8th eye. In some varieties, they start only from 8-10 or from 12-14 (Talisman, Amber Muscat).
Not knowing the characteristics of the variety, novice growers cut the fruit shoot by 8-10 eyes, while reducing the future harvest, leaving weak clusters.
By the way, with vertical tying of grapes instead of a horizontal one, a similar result is also obtained: the number of fruits set is significantly reduced.
When buying a varietal plant, pay attention to the frost-resistant qualities of grapes. In the future, you will need to cover the vine for the winter, open it in time after spring frosts.
With insufficient shelter, first of all, fruitful shoots die, the grapes do not bear fruit. Growing new branches are not very fruitful. 
If you find in the spring that the grapes are frozen, you must first assess the degree of damage to the bush in this order:
To restore frost-affected grapes during spring pruning, damaged shoots are removed completely, to the base. This stimulates the formation of new replacement buds and shoots.
One of the reasons why the grapes do not bear fruit is the female type of flowering of the plant. For good pollination of flowers of such species, planting next to other grape varieties is important. In the absence of planting, pollination is weak, few ovaries are formed, and the yield will be small.
With the help of pollen from simultaneously flowering varieties, artificial pollination of grapes should be carried out. The process is performed in cloudy weather or early in the morning if the day is expected to be sunny.
Pollination is carried out repeatedly - 2-3 times during flowering:
Experienced gardeners speak approvingly of the use of sultana grapes as a pollinator.
From the foregoing, it follows that in order to organize abundant fruiting, it is necessary to strictly follow certain rules:
Try to strictly observe the technology of growing vines, and your efforts will be crowned with a wonderful abundant harvest.
