Many people ask which language is the hardest to learn. Well what can we say? Many languages are difficult. Below is a list of some of the most difficult languages to learn. But you must remember that some language may be difficult for you for certain reasons. So after reading this article, you can make your own list of the most difficult languages to learn.
Many people ask which language is the hardest to learn. Well what can we say? Many languages are difficult. Below is a list of some of the most difficult languages to learn. But you must remember that some language may be difficult for you for certain reasons. So after reading the article, you can make your own ranking of the most difficult languages to learn.
Arabic, Chinese and Japanese are considered most difficult languages according to the Institute of the Diplomatic Service of the State. US department. Finnish, Hungarian and Estonian are also among the most difficult - due to the huge number of cases. Pronunciation in them is more difficult than even in Asian languages, since they have a set of long mind-blowing consonants. But our list is not limited to these languages. Here is our list of ten candidate languages, with explanations of why each language made it to the list. Your personal list may differ from this.
1. Chinese. This language made the list for many reasons. For example, the hieroglyphs used in writing are very complex and ancient. Each word is represented by a separate symbol - and not phonetic, so it doesn't give you the slightest clue how the word is pronounced. The tonal system does not make life easier either, because there are four tones in Chinese. And here's another reason: there are a huge number of homophones in Chinese. For example, the word "shi" is associated with thirty different morphemes. Some people try to learn Chinese just because it is so different from other languages and so difficult.
2. Arabic. The first difficulty is in writing. Many letters have four different spellings, depending on their position in the word. Vowels are not included in the letter. Sounds are difficult, but words are even more difficult. An English-speaking student of a European language encounters a lot of words that look familiar. But the same student studying Arabic will no longer come across a single familiar word. The verb in Arabic usually comes before the predicate and object. A verb has three numbers, so nouns and verbs must be taught in singular, dual, and plural. The present tense has 13 forms. The noun has three cases and two genders. Another problem is dialects. Arabic in Morocco differs as much from Arabic in Egypt and from literary Arabic, as French differs from Spanish and Latin.
3. Tuyuka is the language of the eastern Amazon. Its sound system is not overly complex: simple consonants and a few nasal vowels. But here is the agglutination!!! For example, the word "hóabãsiriga" means "I don't know how to write". It has two words for "we", inclusive and exclusive. The classes of nouns (gender) in the languages of the Tuyuk family range from 50 to 140. And the most surprising thing in this language is that you need to use special verb endings that make it clear how the speaker knows what he is talking about. For example, "Diga ape-wi" means "the boy was playing football (I know because I saw it)." In English we may or may not say it, but in Tuyuka these endings are obligatory. Such languages make those who speak them think carefully about how they learned what they are talking about.
4. Hungarian. First, there are 35 cases or noun forms in Hungarian. This alone already places Hungarian on the list of the most difficult languages to learn. Hungarian has a lot of expressive idioms, a lot of suffixes. The large number of vowels and the way they are pronounced (deep in the throat) make this language difficult to pronounce. You will need more effort to learn and maintain this language at a decent level than for many other languages.
5. Japanese. It is difficult primarily because the letter is different from the pronunciation. That is, you cannot learn to speak this language by learning to read it - and vice versa. Moreover, there are three different writing systems. The kanji system uses Chinese characters. Students must learn from 10 to 15 thousand characters (cramming, no mnemonic tricks will help). In addition, written Japanese uses two syllabaries: katakana for loanwords and hiragana for writing suffixes and grammatical particles. The State Department allocates three times as much time to Japanese students as it does to students studying Spanish or French.
6. Navajo. This amazing language also claims a place in the list of the most difficult languages. During World War II, this language was used as a code for sending messages over the radio (radio operators were bilingual Navajo speakers). The advantage of this method was that it was possible to encrypt information very quickly. The Japanese were unable to understand this code. Navajo was chosen not only because it is very complex, but also because there were no published dictionaries or grammars for this language, but native speakers did. In this language, almost everything is done differently than in English. For example, in English in a verb, we highlight only the third person singular (in the present tense) with a suffix. And in Navajo, all faces are distinguished in the verb by prefixes.
7. Estonian. Estonian has a very rigid case system. Case is a grammatical class that affects the behavior of words in a sentence. Estonian has 12 cases, twice as many as many Slavic languages. In addition, there are many exceptions to the rules, many words can mean several different concepts.
8. Basque is also in the top ten hardest languages according to the British Foreign Office. It has 24 cases. It is not possible to link British to any Indo-European language. Possibly the oldest language in Europe. It belongs to agglutinative languages, that is, it uses suffixes, prefixes and infixes to form new words. It is more of a synthetic language than an analytical one. In other words, the language uses case endings to indicate relationships between words. It changes not only the end of the verb, but also the beginning. In addition to the usual moods of the Indo-European languages, there are some other moods in Basque (eg potential). The language has a complex system of designation of the subject, direct and indirect objects - and all of them are part of the verb.
9. Polish. The language has 7 cases, and its grammar has more exceptions than rules. For example, there are 4 cases in German and they are all logical. Learning Polish cases will require more time and effort to learn (and discover) the logic and rules, you may have to learn the whole language first. In addition, Poles rarely communicate with foreigners who speak their language, so you have to be very careful with your pronunciation, otherwise you will not be understood.
10. Icelandic very difficult to learn due to its archaic vocabulary and complex grammar. It preserved all the ancient declensions of nouns and conjugations of verbs. Many Icelandic phonemes do not have exact equivalents in English. You can only learn them by listening to original recordings or talking to Icelanders.
There are about 6,000 languages in the world today. Some are simple, some are more complex. And there are those that for foreigners are more like a cryptographic cipher than a language of communication. Here are the 10 most difficult languages to learn.
10. Tuyuka
“Think before you speak,” we were often told as children. But in the Tuyuka language, which is spoken by the Indians living in the Amazon basin, they always think about what they are talking about. After all, the Tuyuka language has special verb endings that let the listener understand how the speaker knows what he is talking about. And there is no way to do without them: the language demands! So when you say something like "a woman is washing clothes", you have to add: "I know because I saw it myself." In addition, this language has from 50 to 140 classes of nouns. The Tuyuk language is agglutinative, which means that one word can mean a whole phrase. And two whole words, meaning the pronoun "we" - inclusive and exclusive.
There are only three vowels in the Abkhazian language - a, y and aa. The remaining vowels, denoted in writing by separate letters - e, o, and, y, are obtained from a combination of other vowels and consonants. The Abkhaz language compensates for the vocal poverty with an abundance of consonants: there are 58 of them in the literary language, and as many as 67 in the Bzyb dialect. By the way, the Abkhaz alphabet based on the Cyrillic alphabet was created in 1862, and three years later the Abkhaz primer was released. The manner of the Abkhazians to start a word with the letter “a” has been joked many times. But this prefix, or colloquially a prefix, performs the same function in the Abkhazian language that the in English is a definite article. It is placed before all nouns, and according to the rules of the Abkhazian language, it is added to borrowed words too. So the "destruction of the air squadron" is not a joke.
Some of the Khoisan languages are endangered, and many have already died out. But still, about 370 thousand people still speak these very unusual dialects. The fact is that in the languages spoken in southern Africa around the Kalahari desert, there are so-called clicks or clicking consonants. The term "Khoisan" itself was constructed from the words of the Khoisan Nama language: "Koi" in it means a person, and "San" means "Bushman". Initially, this term was used to refer to the physical-racial type of these peoples, and only much later did the American linguist Joseph Greenberg apply the term to the macrofamily of languages that use clicking sounds. Not so long ago, genetic scientists confirmed the ancient isolation of the Khoisan peoples from the rest of mankind and found that the tribes living north and south of the Kalahari have been isolated from each other for at least 30 thousand years.
7. Finnish
Everyone who has tried to learn all fifteen Finnish cases and more than a hundred conjugations and personal forms of the verb will agree that Finnish is difficult. Finns don't just burn their hearts with the verb - they decline the verb like a noun! Add to this the alternation of consonants, the abundance of suffixes and cryptic postpositions, verbal control that is difficult for a foreigner - and it seems just right to fall into despair. But don't be in a hurry: there is a lot of comfort in the Finnish language for a diligent student. Words are both heard and written and read in exactly the same way - there are no unpronounceable letters here. The stress always falls on the first syllable, and the category of gender is completely absent, which is quite capable of warming the soul of a supporter of equality. There are several past tenses in Finnish, but there is no future tense at all. Connoisseurs of the national character argue that this is because the Finns are used to being responsible for the spoken words, and if the Finn has already promised, he will definitely do it.
6. Chinese
The latest Chinese dictionary, Zhonghua Zihai, compiled in 1994, contains - are you sitting? - 85,568 hieroglyphs. True, it would be more correct to speak not about the Chinese language, but about the Chinese branch of languages, which unites many dialects, but there are still no easy ones among them. Take at least the hieroglyphs: as a consolation, we can immediately say that not all of the more than 85 thousand are actively used in the modern language: the lion's share of them is found only in the memorable literature of various Chinese dynasties and is no longer used in practice. For example, the hieroglyph "se", meaning "talkative", which consists of 64 strokes. However, the current hieroglyphs are not so simple: for example, the hieroglyph “nan”, which means “stuffy nose”, is depicted with 36 dashes. Unlike happy Europeans, who learn a few dozen letters, a resident of the Celestial Empire, in order to start reading more or less, must memorize, at worst, at least 1,500 hieroglyphs. But each hieroglyph also needs to be learned to draw. Oh, you are heavy, Chinese letter!
The champion of verb forms is, of course, the Chippewa language of the American Indians, or, as they are more commonly called, Ojibwe. Linguists refer to the Chippewa language as the southwestern dialect of Ojibway proper. So, in this language - as many as 6 thousand verb forms! But even with all the complexities of this language, you, of course, know a couple of words from it: these are, for example, the words “wigwam” or “totem”. Based on the legends of the Ojibwe people, an epic poem by Henry Longfellow was written. The American classic used myths, toponyms, and even words from the Ojibwe language, but, like any other person, he was not able to take into account everything. So the mistake is right on the cover: the legendary Ojibwe hero is called Nanobojo, because Hiawatha is a character from Iroquois mythology.
4. Eskimo
Do you know the word "igloo", meaning the winter dwelling of the Eskimos, built of snow or ice blocks? Then congratulations: you know a word from the Eskimo language. It also rightfully takes its place of honor among the most difficult languages in the world: the Guinness Book of Records assures that it has 63 forms of the present tense, and simple nouns in it have 252 inflections. The term "inflection" in linguistics denotes different types of changes in words or roots. Let's just correct the Guinness Book: modern linguists do not single out the Eskimo language. This, apparently, is about the entire Eskimo branch of the Eskimo-Aleut languages. But in the main registrar of world records is not mistaken: all Eskimo languages are extremely complex: say, in one verb form, using suffixes, you can express up to 12 grammatical categories. Speakers of this language think figuratively: the word "Internet" in it is expressed by the term "ikiaqqivik", which means "travel through layers."
The number of languages spoken by the indigenous peoples of Dagestan cannot be accurately counted. We can only say that 14 of them have a written language. The most difficult of them and, according to the Guinness Book of Records, one of the most difficult in the world is Tabasaran. The language of the Lezgi branch of the Nakh-Dagestan family of languages holds the world record for the number of cases - they are distinguished from 44 to 52 in the Tabasaran language! It has 54 letters and 10 parts of speech, and there are no prepositions, but postpositions are used instead. So that life does not seem like honey to a student of the Tabasaran language, there are as many as three dialects in the language. But there are a lot of borrowings in the dictionary of Tabasarans. Near the Farsi language, the mountain dwellers borrowed ancient household, military and craft terminology. Tabasarans borrowed religious and scientific terms from Arabic. And the Russian language shared with the Tabasaran modern socio-political and scientific and technical vocabulary. Just don't forget. that all these words change in more than 50 cases!
2. Navajo
The idea to use complex languages to transmit encrypted messages came to the Americans back in the First World War: then the Choctaw Indians served in the US Army. In World War II, they took advantage of this experience. And in addition to the complex Basque language, they began to transmit messages in the Navajo language. Fortunately, there were enough native speakers of this most complex language, who also knew English, but there was no writing in the language, and therefore there were no dictionaries at all. "Windtalkers", that is, "speaking with the wind," as the Navajo ciphers called themselves, even had to invent new words that were previously absent in their language. For example, the plane was called "not-ahs-ya", that is, "owl", the submarine - "besh-lo", literally - "iron fish". And Navajo signalers called Hitler "posa-tai-wo", that is, "crazy white man." In addition to vowels and consonants, this language has four more tones - high, low, ascending and descending. Particularly complex in the Navajo language are verb forms, which consist of a stem, to which derivational and inflectional prefixes are added. The fascist himself will break his head!
1. Basque
In this unique, unlike anything European language, very ancient concepts have been preserved. For example, the word “knife” in it literally means “a stone that cuts”, and “ceiling” means “roof of a cave”. We are talking about the language that its speakers call Euskara, and we call the Basque language. It is a so-called isolated language: it does not belong to any of the known language families. Now it is spoken and written by approximately 700,000 people, mostly living on the coastal strip 50 kilometers wide from the Spanish city of Bilbao to the city of Bayonne in France. The Basque language is classified as an agglutinative language - this is how linguists call languages in which suffixes and prefixes are used to form new words, and each of them carries only one meaning. There are about half a million words in the Basque language dictionary - approximately the same as in our great and powerful one. This is explained by a large number of synonyms and dialect variants. The obscurity and complexity of the Basque language played a positive role: during the Second World War, it was used by US Army cipher radio operators.
Many people ask which language is the hardest to learn. Well what can we say? Many languages are difficult. Below is a list of some of the most difficult languages to learn. But you must remember that some language may be difficult for you for certain reasons. So after reading this article, you can make your own list of the most difficult languages to learn.
Many people ask which language is the hardest to learn. Well what can we say? Many languages are difficult. Below is a list of some of the most difficult languages to learn. But you must remember that some language may be difficult for you for certain reasons. So after reading the article, you can make your own ranking of the most difficult languages to learn.
Arabic, Chinese and Japanese are considered most difficult languages according to the Institute of the Diplomatic Service of the State. US department. Finnish, Hungarian and Estonian are also among the most difficult - because of the huge number of cases. Pronunciation in them is more difficult than even in Asian languages, since they have a set of long mind-blowing consonants. But our list is not limited to these languages. Here is our list of ten candidate languages, with explanations of why each language made it to the list. Your personal list may differ from this.
1. Chinese. This language made the list for many reasons. For example, the hieroglyphs used in writing are very complex and ancient. Each word is represented by a separate character - and not a phonetic one, so it doesn't give you the slightest clue how the word is pronounced. The tonal system does not make life easier either, because there are four tones in Chinese. And here's another reason: there are a huge number of homophones in Chinese. For example, the word "shi" is associated with thirty different morphemes. Some people try to learn Chinese just because it is so different from other languages and so difficult.
2. Arabic. The first difficulty is in writing. Many letters have four different spellings, depending on their position in the word. Vowels are not included in the letter. Sounds are difficult, but words are even more difficult. An English-speaking student of a European language encounters a lot of words that look familiar. But the same student studying Arabic will no longer come across a single familiar word. The verb in Arabic usually comes before the predicate and object. A verb has three numbers, so nouns and verbs must be taught in singular, dual, and plural. The present tense has 13 forms. The noun has three cases and two genders. Another problem is dialects. Arabic in Morocco differs as much from Arabic in Egypt and from literary Arabic, as French differs from Spanish and Latin.
3. Tuyuka is the language of the eastern Amazon. Its sound system is not overly complex: simple consonants and a few nasal vowels. But here is the agglutination!!! For example, the word "hóabãsiriga" means "I don't know how to write". It has two words for "we", inclusive and exclusive. The classes of nouns (gender) in the languages of the Tuyuk family range from 50 to 140. And the most surprising thing in this language is that you need to use special verb endings that make it clear how the speaker knows what he is talking about. For example, "Diga ape-wi" means "the boy was playing football (I know because I saw it)." In English we may or may not say it, but in Tuyuka these endings are obligatory. Such languages make those who speak them think carefully about how they learned what they are talking about.
4. Hungarian. First, there are 35 cases or noun forms in Hungarian. This alone already places Hungarian on the list of the most difficult languages to learn. Hungarian has a lot of expressive idioms, a lot of suffixes. The large number of vowels and the way they are pronounced (deep in the throat) make this language difficult to pronounce. You will need more effort to learn and maintain this language at a decent level than for many other languages.
5. Japanese. It is difficult primarily because the letter is different from the pronunciation. That is, you cannot learn to speak this language by learning to read it - and vice versa. Moreover, there are three different writing systems. The kanji system uses Chinese characters. Students must learn from 10 to 15 thousand characters (cramming, no mnemonic tricks will help). In addition, written Japanese uses two syllabaries: katakana for loanwords and hiragana for writing suffixes and grammatical particles. The State Department allocates three times as much time to Japanese students as it does to students studying Spanish or French.
6. Navajo. This amazing language also claims a place in the list of the most difficult languages. During World War II, this language was used as a code for sending messages over the radio (radio operators were bilingual Navajo speakers). The advantage of this method was that it was possible to encrypt information very quickly. The Japanese were unable to understand this code. Navajo was chosen not only because it is very complex, but also because there were no published dictionaries or grammars for this language, but native speakers did. In this language, almost everything is done differently than in English. For example, in English in a verb, we highlight only the third person singular (in the present tense) with a suffix. And in Navajo, all faces are distinguished in the verb by prefixes.
7. Estonian. Estonian has a very rigid case system. Case is a grammatical class that affects the behavior of words in a sentence. Estonian has 12 cases, twice as many as many Slavic languages. In addition, there are many exceptions to the rules, many words can mean several different concepts.
8. Basque is also in the top ten hardest languages according to the British Foreign Office. It has 24 cases. It is not possible to link British to any Indo-European language. Possibly the oldest language in Europe. It belongs to agglutinative languages, that is, it uses suffixes, prefixes and infixes to form new words. It is more of a synthetic language than an analytical one. In other words, the language uses case endings to indicate relationships between words. It changes not only the end of the verb, but also the beginning. In addition to the usual moods of the Indo-European languages, there are some other moods in Basque (eg potential). The language has a complex system of designation of the subject, direct and indirect object - and they are all part of the verb.
9. Polish. The language has 7 cases, and its grammar has more exceptions than rules. For example, there are 4 cases in German and they are all logical. Learning Polish cases will require more time and effort to learn (and discover) the logic and rules, you may have to learn the whole language first. In addition, Poles rarely communicate with foreigners who speak their language, so you have to be very careful with your pronunciation, otherwise you will not be understood.
10. Icelandic very difficult to learn due to its archaic vocabulary and complex grammar. It preserved all the ancient declensions of nouns and conjugations of verbs. Many Icelandic phonemes do not have exact equivalents in English. You can only learn them by listening to original recordings or talking to Icelanders.
But there is one more thing to keep in mind. The more a language differs from your native language (in spelling, grammar…), the more difficult it will be for you to learn it. If there is no logic in the language, it will also seem more difficult (for example, in English, the plural is formed by adding -s or -es at the end. In Arabic, the plural usually needs to be memorized, and this takes time). One thing is for sure: no matter how complex the language is, you will need the following: sufficient and appropriate resources, an understanding of what and how you learn, and a passion for learning!
Translation from mylanguages.org by Natalia Gavrilyasta.
Learning new languages opens up a huge number of additional opportunities and perspectives. Some languages are easier to learn, others have to sweat.
And there are those that can only be mastered by a very purposeful, patient and diligent person. Are you exactly like that? Well, then here are 25 languages that are ready to challenge you and test your nerves!
The Austronesian language, Tagalog, is spoken by about a quarter of the Filipino population. Due to the complex grammatical rules and non-traditional sentence structure, it is quite difficult to master it.
It is one of the southern Athabaskan languages. Navajo is common in the southwestern United States. It is spoken by 120 to 170 thousand people. Navajo has nothing to do with Romano-Germanic or Latin languages. The lack of common ground makes it difficult to study it. In Navajo writing, as a rule, it is transmitted in the Latin alphabet.
The national language of Norway is one of the main languages in the Nordic Council. Norwegian belongs to the North Germanic group of languages and is mutually intelligible with Swedish, Danish and other Scandinavian dialects (such as Icelandic or Faroese, for example).
Refers to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is used mainly in Afghanistan and Iran, Tajikistan and other countries under Persian influence. In total, about 110 million people communicate on it around the world.
For many centuries, it has been considered the main business language throughout the Indonesian archipelago. Indonesian is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world.
This West Germanic language is spoken by people in the Netherlands, Suriname and Belgium, parts of Europe and the USA. To date, Dutch has official status in Curaçao, Aruba, Sint Maarten. The language is closely related to English and German, but Dutch does not use the umlauts of the latter as grammatical markers.
Belongs to the group of South Slavic languages. Slovene is spoken by more than 2.5 million people around the world, most of whom still live in Slovenia. This language is one of the 24 official working languages recognized in the EU.
Natives of Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe communicate in Afrikaans. It is considered an offshoot of several different Dutch dialects. So Afrikaans can rightfully be considered a child of the Dutch language.
Official language of Denmark. More than 6 million people communicate on it. Danish belongs to the North Germanic group of languages and is derived from Old Norse. It is used by 15 - 20% of the population of Greenland. Danish is mutually intelligible with Swedish and Norwegian.
The language of the Basque Country, stretching from northeast Spain to southwest France. It is spoken by about 27% of the total population of the Basque territories.
One of the offshoots of the Celtic languages, used in Wales. The Welsh language is also called Cambrian.
It is better known as modern standard Urdu, which is associated with the Muslim population of Hindustan. Urdu is the national language of Pakistan. Mutually intelligible with traditional Hindi, with which he even has similar grammar.
Hebrew belongs to the group of Afro-Asiatic languages. It was first used by the ancient Jews and Israelites in the 10th century BC. e. Despite their advanced age, they still communicate in Yiddish. It is official in Israel.
Official language of North and South Korea. More than 80 million people communicate on it. It is not easy for an amateur to decipher the grammatical structure and understand all the rules for constructing sentences. Koreans don't usually have this problem.
The main language of adherents of Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism. It is a dialect of the ancient Indo-Aryan language. Sanskrit is one of the 22 planned languages of India.
One of the official languages of the European Union. Croatian is derived from Serbo-Croatian and is based on the East Herzegovinian dialect, which is also the basis for Serbian and Bosnian.
One of the official languages of the European Union. Members of the Hungarian communities in Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia, and Romania communicate on it. Belongs to the family of Uralic languages.
Also known as Scottish Gaelic. It is a Celtic language spoken by many natives of Scotland.
This East Asian language is the national language of Japan. It is used by more than 125 million people worldwide. Japanese is similar to Chinese in many ways and is considered one of the most difficult languages to learn.
Indo-European language spoken by the inhabitants of Kosovo, Bulgaria, Macedonia. Albanian has much in common with German and Greek, but at the same time, its vocabulary is much more extensive and diverse.
It belongs to the Indo-European group of languages. Developed in conditions of minimal contact with other languages and dialects.
Better known as Siamese. Belongs to the Thai-Canadian group of languages. Nearly half of the Thai vocabulary comes from Pali, Old Khmer or Sanskrit. Thai has a complex written alphabet.
Officially recognized in Vietnam. The Vietnamese language borrowed a lot from Chinese.
It is a descendant of the ancient Arabic language. Learning Arabic does not mean being able to communicate freely with native speakers. The fact is that in the Arabic language there are a lot of dialects, and they differ from each other almost as much as different languages! Because of this, it can be difficult for a person from Morocco, for example, to understand an interlocutor from Egypt, although they communicate in the same language.
It is spoken by a fifth of the entire population of the globe, although it is considered the most difficult language to learn.
Gnawing at the granite of science is a difficult task, especially if the subject of study itself is far from being a gift. Recently, UNESCO named ten languages that are the most difficult to master.
1The most difficult language in the world. Almost everyone will agree with this. The first difficulty is hieroglyphs. They represent a syllable or a whole word.
The situation is even worse with phonetics. It includes four tones: ascending, even, falling and falling. If you make a mistake in reproducing one of them, the meaning of the word or the entire phrase may be distorted. At the same time, the Chinese speak six times faster than the Russians. Learning to understand this stream is possible only in the course of long-term communication with native speakers.
Greek spelling is very complex. For example, to denote the sound "and" there are six different letters and letter combinations. The situation is similar with other vowels, and there is no logical explanation or general rule for which letter to use where. The correct spelling just needs to be memorized.
But the main difficulty is cases. There are only three of them, but when a word changes, not only its ending changes, but also the stress.
Photo: simbeparhia.ru 3 Of course, first of all, beginners are afraid of Arabic script, in which it is difficult to recognize individual letters. The second difficulty is pronunciation. There are many sounds in Arabic that are hardly distinguishable to the European ear. For example, there are three letters at once that are pronounced similar to “s”, and it is not easy to catch the difference between these sounds.
Another difficulty is the ambiguity of Arabic words. They cannot be taught without being tied to the context and listening to live speech.
The archaic vocabulary and complex grammar make Icelandic very difficult to master. The literary language has hardly changed since the 13th century. The alphabet even preserved two ancient runic letters. The language has four cases, three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine and neuter) and two declension paradigms.
Photo: nordicblog.ru 5 The language itself is not very difficult if you only need to speak or understand what is said. Another thing is if you need to learn to read and write. There is a huge difference between written and spoken language. The word "kanji" (as Japanese characters are called) makes beginners nervous. There are about two thousand hieroglyphs and at the same time they have several readings. A single hieroglyph is read differently than in combination with others.
This language has an extremely complex grammar with 15 cases. Finnish suffixes are often used where other languages use pronouns and prepositions. Word forms change according to their role in the sentence.
German also has many dialects, and phonetics has 44 sounds, including 16 vowels. The difficulty is also that this is an inflectional-analytical language - the words in it change depending on time, case, etc.
Photo: studyspace-school.ru
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The difficulty is that there is no officially approved standard for spoken Norwegian, and most Norwegians speak their own dialect. You can go to Oslo and learn the local version, but there is no guarantee that you will be understood on the other side of the country.
The language of the Scandinavian group, which is spoken by just under 6 million people. The Danish sound system is unusual in many ways. It has 26 vowel sounds. Sounds are long and short. If you pronounce it incorrectly, the meaning of the word can completely change. For example, "hile" with a long "and" means "howl", and with a short one - "shelf".
Photo: pbs.twimg.com French is the official language in 29 countries. It belongs to the group of Romance languages, so those who speak Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian or studied Latin will not find it very difficult. But for others, studying it can be another challenge.
The most difficult part of French is phonetics. It has a lot of vowels, and the words are pronounced together. Beginners have a hard time learning it.
