Solid timber house where it will be comfortable to relax or live permanently is not only beauty, comfort and charm natural wood, but above all warm. It is not surprising that one of the main questions of those who decide to build their dream home is what thickness of timber to choose. After all, the costs of materials, the need for insulation and the effectiveness of heat conservation in cold winters will depend on this. Well, let's find out.
Warmth in a home is a relative concept and depends on many factors. If you wish, you can heat almost any building, the only question is how much you will have to spend on it (time, money, fuel). If the walls give off too much heat to the street, in fact it turns out that you are mainly heating this very street. This will not happen only when the walls are thick enough, correctly calculated, processed and insulated.
What is the thickness of the timber?
Today, several types of timber are produced: solid, profiled and glued. The first is a log sawn on all sides and, in addition to its low cost, cannot boast big amount advantages. The width of the beams ranges from 150-220 millimeters. However, it should be noted that even the thickest solid beam will retain heat worse than a profiled one, since due to the absence of grooves and tenons, the inter-crown seams do not fit so tightly to each other and are blown out more strongly.
Profiled timber is much warmer, more practical and easier to assemble houses. It may have several tongues and grooves. The more of them, the better the beams adhere, the warmer and more reliable the wall becomes. The same can be said about glued profiled timber, which, among other things, is not susceptible to cracks. The width of the logs can be very different, but the most suitable sections for building houses are 100x100, 150x100, 150x150 and 200x200.
What determines the choice of timber thickness?
First of all, you should focus on the purpose of the building - will they live in it permanently or only during the summer season. For temporary use in summer period The ability of the walls to retain heat is not so important, so a thickness of profiled timber of 100-150 millimeters is quite sufficient. If you plan to live in the house all year round, we recommend timber with a cross-section of 200x200 millimeters.
It is also important to take into account the climatic features of the region. The Moscow region is located in the middle zone, winters here are not as severe as in the north or in Siberia, but not warm either. The value of heat transfer resistance in reference books is designated as 3.0.
There is a formula by which you can calculate the required wall thickness in a house depending on the climate zone. The value of heat transfer resistance in the climatic zone is multiplied by the thermal conductivity of the material (for wood this is 0.15). That is, 3.0*0.15=0.45 meters. In other words, 450 millimeters. The only problem is that timber of this size is not produced.
What if with insulation?
We were faced with a problem: according to the formulas and SNiPs, the thickness of the wall wooden house in the Moscow region it should be 450 millimeters, but such timber cannot be found. The only way left is to insulate yourself. It is believed that 50 mm of insulation = 150 mm of ordinary timber. Accordingly, suitable options:
In the first case, the output is exactly the 450 millimeters desired by SNiP. In the second - 350 mm, however, as practice shows, they are absolutely sufficient to retain heat if profiled timber is used. After all, its degree of wind blowability is much lower, warm air does not leave the house through cracks, and cold weather has fewer opportunities to get inside.
Conclusion
Where and for what purpose you build a house, it will be warmer and more comfortable if you choose profiled timber. For temporary residence, a section of 100x150 or 150x150 is sufficient. For permanent residence in the Moscow region, profiled timber 150x150 is suitable, provided that 100 mm of insulation is installed, or profiled timber 200x200 is suitable, provided that 50 mm of insulation is installed.
Venga company specialists are always ready to advise you on any issues related to the construction of houses made of timber, give their recommendations and bring them to life!
When building their own wooden house, every person asks the question: “How to choose the optimal thickness of timber for internal and external walls”? Our article will help you understand what types and sizes of this material there are, how to correctly calculate its thickness and understand for yourself what required thickness timber for a timber house in your case.
There are three types of timber for building houses.
A round log is actually a log, from which the bark and upper layer tree.
The diameter of the log is the same along its entire length, which greatly facilitates the construction of the house.
The disadvantages include:
It is made at the factory from wood with a residual moisture content of no more than 30%. To do this, the log is sawn to the required size.
Standard beam sections:
Its undeniable advantage compared to round timber is the absence of excess wood, which means the house requires a less massive foundation. In addition, it is much more convenient and, therefore, faster to build from rectangular timber.
The disadvantages are the same as those of round timber, except for high shrinkage.
Profiled timber is distinguished by the fact that grooves are selected from opposite sides at the factory in such a way that during assembly the structure is assembled using the tongue-and-groove method.
This creates a very precise connection that is practically not blown by the wind. The disadvantages remain the same, except for airflow.
Glued laminated timber is already a new technology in production wooden beam for construction. It is devoid of all the disadvantages inherent in all previous types of material.
The timber is made from boards dried to a relative humidity of 2-10% and glued together under high pressure in the package. After gluing, the finished package is profiled.
Due to the layered structure it:
Since during the gluing process the boards are treated with special antifungal compounds, laminated veneer lumber does not mold or rot. – significantly higher price.
Many factories for the production of laminated veneer lumber produce special kits wooden houses to build with your own hands. The kit includes all the necessary elements with ready-made cuts for connecting each other.
All elements must be marked. From such a kit the house is built like a construction set.
The maximum thickness of laminated veneer lumber is determined by both GOST standards and the equipment on which it is produced. Typically, material for walls is made up to 9 m long with thicknesses from 210 to 270 mm and heights up to 270 mm.
Rafters and floor beams are manufactured with a length of up to 12 m and a cross-section of up to 50x100 mm. It must be said that there are other sizes.
The kit for building a wooden house is manufactured at the factory according to individual orders.
The package may include:
According to building codes and regulations (SNiP), the thickness of the timber for a house is selected depending on the climate of the area where the house is planned to be built. However, it must be said that there are some calculations by which it is possible to establish exact value this parameter.
The thickness of the walls of the house is selected in this case according to two main criteria:
The required size for walls can be calculated using the formula:
Sm = R * Kt;
where Sm is the required material thickness,
R – heat transfer resistance of the wall (depending on the region of residence),
Kt is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material.
For middle zone The heat transfer resistance of the wall is assumed to be 3.0 - 3.2. Kt for wood 0.12-0.18 depending on the type of wood. For a specific region, this value can be found in the corresponding directory.
Thus, we get for a house built from pine timber:
Sm = 3.0*0.15 = 0.45m
Those. The thickness of the timber for construction should be 450 mm. In practice, material with such dimensions is not produced. To support indoors comfortable temperature It is necessary to insulate the walls from the inside. To insulate walls both inside and outside, imitation timber is used, under which a layer of insulation based on mineral wool is laid.
Advice! In practice, according to experts, with a wall beam thickness of 150 mm, 100 mm thick insulation is sufficient, and if the timber is 200 mm thick, then 50 mm of insulation is sufficient.
In order to make living comfortable, imitation timber is used to insulate the walls both inside and outside. Due to the variety of shapes and sizes of this lumber, everyone can choose it to their liking.
In order to achieve a minimum number of joints when exterior decoration The length of the lamellas should be selected greater than the length of the wall.
To prevent a wall finished with imitation timber from warping over time, to select the thickness of the imitation timber, you should use SNiP, which regulates the ratio of the width of the lamellas and their thickness according to the formula:
T=W/5.5,
where T is the thickness of the lamella, and W is its width.
Advice! When laying insulation outside on a wooden wall, a layer of vapor barrier should be placed on both sides of the insulation. This is necessary in order to prevent moisture from entering both inside and outside.
For interior decoration premises, it is advisable to use imitation with a width of less than 110 mm. This is due to the fact that the wider the lamella, the optically smaller sizes the room being finished. In addition, the thickness of the imitation timber in this case can be significantly less than for exterior finishing, and therefore cheaper.
The product is often mounted indoors in different directions, which allows you to choose its optimal length. Usually they take a length of 2 or 3 m. With such lengths, among other things, it is much more convenient to work indoors.
It is especially worth focusing on the ceiling decoration. On the ceiling, the joints of the lamellas are clearly visible. Therefore, for the ceiling lining, you should either use imitation timber for the entire length of the room or join it using the parquet method, alternating the junction of the lamellas with the middle of the next one.
It becomes clear that the process, with its nuances and some subtleties associated with calculations, including calculation optimal thickness material. Of course, this work is not the most difficult, but it also requires detailed consideration.
And the video in this article will help you understand some other points.
Many believe that the thicker the timber, the better it is suitable for building a house for year-round residence. For such a cottage, it is recommended to choose materials with a cross-section of at least 150x150. But that's not true. Thermal insulation properties are affected by insulation, window finishing and doorways. The vestibule and hallway will help insulate the room. In this case, you can use timber with smaller parameters.
At “MariSrub” you can order the construction of a house from timber with a cross-section of 140x140 mm. We provide high-quality and reliable finishing and insulation. We use only durable and proven materials. When you order construction from “MariSrub” you will receive warm and cozy housing, which is comfortable both in summer and winter.
The timber is characterized by environmental friendliness, durability and attractive appearance. Houses made of timber look elegant, stylish and graceful. They will stand out favorably against the background of other buildings. The timber is easy to process and lay. You will achieve any architectural forms.
“MariSrub” craftsmen procure raw materials, dry them and produce lumber themselves. We use the latest safe technologies that preserve the natural properties of wood, reduce the amount of defects and enhance the performance properties of products.
We offer construction country house from profiled timber. These are environmentally friendly and non-toxic materials of the correct geometric shape, which are easy to install. Installation of a wall kit takes one to two weeks, and construction of a turnkey house will take two to three months.
We organize turnkey construction, which includes the design and production of lumber for the project, construction of the foundation and roof, installation of the log house and finishing. We carry out work on insulating the walls of the house and install communication systems.
We treat wood with antiseptics and other protective equipment in several stages. This will prevent the appearance of cracks, rot and mold on the materials, and will increase the service life of the materials.
We build houses according to ready-made and individual designs. The firm's architect will competently and rationally draw up a project and plan the space of the house. Two-story cottages and houses with an attic with an area of over 100-150 square meters are optimal for permanent residence. Projects with terraces and balconies are in demand.
At the MariSrub company you can order the construction of a house from 140x140 timber from the manufacturer. We offer a full range of works that are needed to build a cottage for permanent residence.
A winter house made of timber is often called a building designed for comfortable living all year round. And one of the most important conditions that must be observed is its compliance with thermal technical requirements. Simply put, such a house should be warm even in the most severe winter, and the heating system should not “heat the street.” What should be the thickness of the timber for such a house and is it worth getting attached to it? We will try to discuss these and other thematic issues in this note.
There are 2 fundamental approaches to construction country houses for permanent residence:
As a small digression. It is necessary to understand that the maximum heat losses are associated not so much with the thickness of the wall (or the degree of its insulation), but with errors in the installation of thermal insulation of the roof, installation of windows and doors. Only cumulative work on all weak points in a building in terms of heat engineering can have a positive impact on its energy efficiency.
If you do not intend to carry out external Finishing work and want to preserve the natural beauty of a wooden house, then there is only one choice - to use profiled timber. A budget option involves the use of material natural humidity with a section size of 150 × 200 mm, where 150 is the height of the crowns. True, in this case, the housewarming will have to be celebrated only after 1–1.5 years, when the log house has dried and it will be possible to begin the final stages of construction. Using dry timber will cost more: from 20 thousand rubles per square meter. And this takes into account the fact that the communications device is not included in the price. Well, if the chickens are not keen on money, then you can look towards a house made of laminated veneer lumber with a cross-section of 200 × 200 mm. On average, kits made of profiled timber are manufactured in a factory within 2–4 weeks. Experts can build the log house itself in about the same time.
A budget developer can take a different path: use the most cheap timber natural humidity and small cross-section, but subsequently take care of insulation. To calculate the thickness of thermal insulation, you can use one of the online calculators that can be found on the Internet.
Or you can carry out all the calculations yourself by looking at SNiP II-3-79*. All that remains is to find out the heat transfer resistance of structures for a certain area, which should be equal to the amount resistance to heat transfer of individual layers of the “wall pie”: the timber itself (we divide the thickness by the thermal conductivity) and the selected insulation (similarly as for the timber). There will be only one unknown in the equation - the thickness of the insulation.
In this case, 100 × 100 mm timber or 100 × 200 mm timber can be used as wall material. In the second case, the number of crowns will be less (with a thickness of 100 mm), and accordingly the labor intensity of construction will be lower. On average, this option provides a price of 10–13 thousand rubles. per square meter of the house, and the duration of work is largely determined by the moisture content of the lumber.
From all of the above it follows that any thickness of timber for a winter house cannot ensure the absence of heat loss through the walls. We have to make a compromise: use the thickest materials on the market in favor of the “natural” design of a wooden house, or save on wall building materials, but at the same time spend additional money on external thermal insulation and subsequent finishing.
