A fireplace or a stove can handle heating a small country house, but such a solution is unacceptable for a cottage. It's nice to spend the evening by the fireplace, but lighting firewood in all rooms every day is tiring and irrational. The most affordable type of fuel should become the power source of the heating system in a private house, especially if you are going to do it yourself:
This is the most common system in which water or other non-freezing liquid circulates through pipes. The type of boiler depends on what kind of fuel you have. The system consists of a boiler and a closed circuit of pipes laid out in the premises. The heating of the rooms is provided by radiators, the cooled water flows back into the boiler.
The scheme of water heating of a private house with your own hands looks like this:
Hot water heating with a gas boiler is a proven traditional system. Most private houses are heated in this way. For a house in which you live permanently, this system is suitable, but it is too expensive to heat a summer house.
The house is heated by hot air, which can be heated by steam, hot water, heat from fuel combustion, electricity. In the system, warm air from the air heater through the air duct enters the premises.
On the Russian market there are heaters for air heating:
Private houses are heated with air only in 30% of cases, which is mainly due to the high cost of installation and maintenance. For a country house, do-it-yourself air heating can be very convenient, provided there is an uninterrupted power supply.
Modern and economical equipment operating on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A coil of wire, when an electric current passes, forms a strong electromagnetic field, and heats the ferromagnet. In the case of a heater, the coil is wound on a pipe made of a special material with a steel core. The device is connected to a system filled with a coolant (water, oil, ethylene glycol), which rises when heated and starts the circuit.
In industry, steel has been melted using this method for two hundred years, that is, the principle has been known for a long time and the technology cannot be called new.
A non-standard approach to solving the problem of heating a country house. New technologies make it possible to use the energy potential of the earth by installing a do-it-yourself geothermal heating system at home. Up to 98 percent of solar energy is accumulated in the ground, and even in winter, heat is stored deep in the ground.
Special equipment helps deliver energy to homes for heating.
Geothermal heating in a simplified scheme looks like a heat pump and a heat exchanger operating on the principle of an air conditioner. The heat pump is included in the internal and external circuits. Internal - a heating system from ordinary pipes and radiators in the house. The external circuit (heat exchanger) is located underground. Heat carriers - water or liquid with antifreeze. The pump can operate in heater or air conditioner mode.
An innovative technology that is becoming more and more popular in the world every day. If you are interested in this heating system, take seriously the choice of equipment, calculate the area, power, find a suitable place for installation. The solar heating system will last more than 25 years, and with constant operation it will pay off in three years.
Solar panels in a country house are used to generate electricity. This type of heating is best used for electric heaters and underfloor heating.
The old method of heating has not lost its relevance against the backdrop of innovative systems. The coolant is steam, the installation of the heating system is simple. Source - a steam boiler, from which heat enters the pipes and radiators of reduction-cooling equipment or a steam turbine. Cooling, the steam turns into condensate and returns back.
Theoretically, you can build steam heating with your own hands, but boilers are not installed in private houses. The boiler is very large, the steam temperature exceeds 100°C, the operation requires a professional approach. Traditionally, this is used to heat enterprises in the production process of which steam is used, and its surplus is used for heating.
The reliability of operation and temperature significantly depend on the quality of the boiler in this system, so it should be chosen taking into account the area and structural features. Steam boilers operate on various fuels: liquid, solid, combined, natural gas.
A well-known heating system using electrical appliances, in which heat releases a current passing through a conductor. Often the electrical system is used as an auxiliary one, but in the absence of gas in the house it can also be the main one.
In dachas and small houses, electric heating is often used, but heating a large house will require a large amount of electricity. If you decide to choose this particular system as the simplest and does not require special knowledge for self-assembly, take care of high-quality thermal insulation at home.
This heating system is very popular due to its relatively simple installation, not too high price and the ability to control the air temperature in each individual room.
Single-pipe circuit with serial installation of radiators on the circuit. Pipe routing can be horizontal or vertical. From the boiler, the coolant enters the network and returns to the heating boiler. You can install as many radiators in your home as you need to heat a particular room.
To optimize the operation of the system, it is desirable to equip Leningradka with control and shut-off devices, as well as a circulation pump.
The Leningradka scheme for heating a private house with your own hands looks like this:
The main criteria for choosing a heating system for a private house: the availability of an energy carrier and the possibility of autonomous operation, for example, during a power outage. Installing and starting a heating system is a difficult and responsible business, so if you are enthusiastic, but do not have sufficient knowledge, it is better to entrust the task to the masters.
In no case do not try to act on a hunch or by eye, as inaccuracies will at best lead to system inefficiency, and at worst - to an accident with unpredictable consequences.
Almost all heating systems currently available in any buildings and structures can be attributed to one of the two classes mentioned in the title of this article.
To answer the question of what is better single-pipe or two-pipe heating system, you can only carefully understand the advantages and disadvantages of each of the options considered.
Which heating system is more efficient, one-pipe or two-pipe? It is impossible to answer this question unambiguously.
Single-pipe CO has all the basic elements inherent in any heating system. The main ones are:
The difference between a single-pipe heating system and a two-pipe one is that the first one is by far the simplest and most effective way to heat buildings up to 150 m2.
The installation of a circulation pump and the use of modern technical solutions make it possible to guarantee the required temperature parameters in heated rooms. Therefore, answering the question, what to choose a one-pipe or two-pipe heating system, among the indisputable advantages of the first system, it should be noted:
Mounting versatility. Such a system can be installed in a building of any configuration, and a closed circuit guarantees the movement of the coolant along the entire perimeter of the heated premises.
Unlike a two-pipe, one-pipe CO can be mounted in such a way that the space heating starts from the coldest side of the building (northern), regardless of the location of the boiler, or from the most significant rooms (nursery, bedroom, etc.).
The installation of the system requires a minimum number of pipes and shut-off and control equipment, a complete installation of CO is carried out in much less time than CO with two pipes. All this allows you to get serious savings in the funds allocated for the payment of construction work.
The system allows the installation of pipes directly on the floor or under it, which allows you to implement any design solutions in the premises.
The scheme provides for serial and parallel connection of heating devices, which allows you to control the temperature in them and adjust it;
Subject to certain requirements during installation, the system can be made in a non-volatile version. In the event that the pump stops due to a power failure, the coolant supply line switches to a parallel line. In this case, CO, from the variant with forced (PC) circulation, switches to natural circulation (EC).
Two-pipe or one-pipe heating system of a private house? When evaluating the pros and cons, it should be borne in mind that the main disadvantage of a single-pipe CO is the fact that the heaters are connected in series. And this, during operation, excludes the possibility of effective temperature control in one of them, without affecting the other radiators.
A factor influencing the choice of whether a two-pipe or one-pipe heating system of a private house will be installed at your facility, one should not forget about such a disadvantage of the latter as increased pressure in the system compared to the two-pipe version. This can be achieved by increasing the power of the circulation pump installed in the system, which entails an increase in operating costs and increases the likelihood of leakage, and also requires more frequent addition of coolant to the system.
The system requires vertical filling. And this automatically determines the location of the expansion tank in the attic and, accordingly, the solution of the issue with its insulation.
If such a system is mounted in a two-story building, then another problem arises. The temperature of the water entering the first floor may differ from that which is initially supplied to the second floor by almost 50%. To avoid this, it is required to install additional jumpers on each floor, and the number of sections of heating devices on the first floor should significantly exceed that which is mounted on the second.
Which heating system is more efficient, one-pipe or two-pipe? We have already considered the first one. Let's consider the second.
Such a system a priori implies the presence of 2 pipelines placed along the perimeter of the heated room. Radiators cut between them, which dampen pressure drops and create hydraulic jumpers. However, the problems created by this can be leveled out due to the correct configuration of the CO.
A two-pipe vertical one will turn out when the radiators are installed not in the gaps of the risers (as in the case described above), but between the supply and return.
The required option is selected taking into account the presence of doorways on the CO pipe laying line, which are quite difficult to get around, it is easier to return the water in the direction in which it came.
Schemes of one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems are compared according to their inherent advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the second system can be called:
Living outside the city, people are invariably faced with the need to equip an optimal heating system, which guarantees comfort and coziness in a private home. The technologies used today allow to solve problems with heat and reduce the costs of the homeowner on utilities. It will be necessary to decide which heating is best for a private house, correctly install it and subsequently use the equipment correctly.
In a private house, you need to think through all the little things in the house, including what kind of heating will be
The autonomous heating systems used today for private houses combine ease of operation, high technology, efficiency and economy. The homeowner needs to decide what is the best heating for the house, choosing heating boilers depending on their power and a number of other indicators. Depending on the type of coolant used, heating in a house is usually divided into the following types:
The choice of one or another type of heating boiler and the entire heating system is made primarily based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe house, the features of its operation and the available fuel.
In this video you will learn how to choose a radiator:
Gas boilers are the most popular today., which, thanks to automation, are completely safe to use. Fuel is low cost, which reduces the homeowner's utility bills. If there are difficulties with choosing the type of equipment, you can use the design documentation for the building, which will indicate which heating to choose for the house being built.Water heating
Water heating is usually understood as a closed system, inside which water heated in a boiler circulates. The coolant enters the radiators, gradually gives off its heat, after which it is again fed into the boiler by gravity or circulation pumps to heat the liquid.
The water heating system includes the following elements:
- boiler;
- radiators;
- closed piping.
There are 4 main elements of water heating
The main element of the entire water heating system- gas, electric or solid fuel boiler, which is responsible for heating water and other heat carriers. Such boilers can operate on various fuels, are equipped with control automation, they are able to operate offline, which greatly simplifies living in a private house.
Radiators in the autonomous heating system can be cast iron, steel, bimetallic. The latter, due to their efficiency, reliability and durability, have gained the greatest popularity in the domestic market.
By choosing the right material and the number of radiators, it will be possible to provide efficient heating of the room while saving fuel.
An expansion tank in the system is necessary to level the thermal expansion of the coolant and ensure the tightness of the entire system. The dimensions and material from which the expansion tank is made are selected in each specific case on an individual basis, depending on the branching of the system, the volume and properties of the coolant, and a number of other parameters.
The closed circuit is made of metal or special high-temperature plastic pipes with steel braid and reinforcement. The choice of pipe diameter, their quality and tightness of connections due attention must be given.
In many ways, the efficiency of the entire system will depend on this, and complex and time-consuming repairs of autonomous heating in a private house will not be required.
The power of the water heating system of a private house is chosen depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe building. For efficient heating of a room of 100 square meters, a unit with a capacity of 10 kW will suffice. When choosing a power indicator, it is also necessary to take into account the presence of insulation in a private house, the number of windows and a number of other parameters. It is recommended to choose the boiler power with a small margin, which will prevent its operation at maximum values. This ensures the durability of the equipment and the absence of serious damage.
Water heating is a fairly complex system
Advantages of water heating:
- long service life;
- ease of repair and maintenance;
- fuel economy;
- the ability to maintain the same temperature throughout the house;
- complete noiselessness of work;
- efficient and fast heating of the room.
Among the disadvantages of such systems It is customary to highlight the complexity of the equipment used, its high cost, the need for special coolants that do not freeze at low temperatures.
In the case of using gas boilers, their timely maintenance and repair by the relevant services is required. It is problematic to carry out maintenance of such gas equipment on your own.
steam boilers
Steam heating involves the use of special boilers in which water is heated to the boiling point, after which the resulting hot steam enters the radiators through a closed system. After heating the radiators, the steam in the form of a liquid enters back into the boiler. A steam heating system can run on a variety of fuels, including gas, electricity, wood, and coal.
The advantages of steam heating a private house include the following:
- resistance to freezing of the coolant;
- cyclical work;
- complete environmental friendliness;
- no heat loss in the heat exchanger;
- high heating rate of the house;
- excellent economy.
Like any heating equipment, the steam technology for heating a house has certain disadvantages.
Such a boiler is environmentally friendly
These include:
- the impossibility of adjusting the heating temperature of the house;
- the appearance of metal corrosion due to exposure to steam;
- high temperature of the coolant reduces the service life of the equipment;
- the need to install grilles on radiators.
The boilers used in water heating systems can be made in one- and two-circuit versions, respectively, such equipment allows not only to heat the house, but also solves problems with hot water supply.
By correctly selecting the power of the entire system and optimizing the use of available fuel, you can somewhat reduce the cost of heating a house in the winter season.
Electrical installations
In recent years, with the development of solar energy, when it became possible to receive free electricity, heating a house using various electric convectors and infrared heaters has gained popularity in the domestic market. Such devices are reliable, quickly heat up the room, and there is no need to lay a pipe system around the house, the homeowner will be relieved of the need to install heating radiators.
The advantages of electric heating include the following:
- ease of maintenance;
- an electric boiler can also be used to heat water;
- reducing the cost of installing and purchasing the necessary equipment;
- environmental Safety;
- efficiency and full automation of the heating system.
Underfloor heating is commonly referred to as electric heating systems., which often fits in the kitchen, in the bathroom and in the bathroom. Today, there are various technologies for arranging a floor heating system that are efficient, allow you to quickly heat rooms, while consuming a minimum of electricity.Of the minuses of this technology for heating a private house emit only a significant consumption of electricity, which leads to a significant increase in utility costs. There may also be problems with heat in the house during power outages, which can be observed in remote villages, cottages and farms.
The problems with increased electricity consumption when using this heating technology can be solved by high-quality insulation of the building, as well as by installing solar panels that generate electricity used to heat the house.
air heating
The air heating system may include a water heater or heat generator, which is responsible for heating the air in the entire apartment or in one room. Having correctly selected the power of the devices used, it will be possible to quickly heat the room, while such thermal equipment is completely safe to operate, and it can be integrated into the Smart Home automation system.
The advantage of air systems is their high efficiency, which can reach 93%. Accordingly, the homeowner's expenses for living in the house during the winter season are reduced. The room can be heated in the shortest possible time, and subsequently the automatic system will maintain the optimum temperature, ensuring maximum comfort in a private house.
Separate heating systems can be equipped with various cleaning filters and an air ionizer.
The disadvantage of such air heating systems- an increase in the cost of installation and subsequent maintenance of equipment, dry air in the house, as well as the need for electricity or other sources of energy.
Stoves, fireplaces and potbelly stoves
Despite the emergence of high-tech and economical gas and solid fuel boilers, many owners of cottages and country houses, in which they live irregularly in winter, opt for stove heating or equip a full-fledged fireplace with an additional thermal circuit. For cottages with permanent residence, such options will be ineffective, but in summer cottages, the use of stove heating will be perhaps the best choice.
The stove or fireplace, if you have the appropriate work experience, can be folded independently, which significantly reduces the costs of the homeowner. Wood, coal, wood waste and pellets can be used as fuel. Properly folded stoves and fireplaces will be completely safe to use, they will be able to heat the room efficiently, while they are economical, consuming the minimum of available fuel.
The best heating systems for a private house combine efficiency, ease of use, can quickly heat up a room and at the same time are very economical.
It is necessary to choose which one is better to make heating in a private house, taking into account the available fuel, as well as the total area of \u200b\u200bthe building. The most popular are gas boilers and water heating systems, which can significantly reduce heating costs, while such equipment is reliable, controlled by automation, allowing you to solve problems with heat both in a small summer cottage and in a two-three-story country house.
Two-pipe heating system
There are only two types of heating systems: one-pipe and two-pipe. In private homes, they try to install the most efficient heating system. It is very important not to sell too cheap, trying to reduce the cost of buying and installing a heating system. Providing heat at home is a lot of work, and in order not to have to reinstall the system, it is better to understand it thoroughly and make “reasonable” savings. And in order to draw a conclusion about which of the systems is better, it is necessary to understand the principle of operation of each of them. Having studied the advantages and disadvantages of both systems, both from the technical side and from the material side, it becomes clear how to make the best choice.
Advantages of a one-pipe heating system: hydrodynamic stability, ease of design and installation, low costs of materials and funds, since only one line for the coolant is required. Increased water pressure will ensure normal natural circulation. The use of antifreeze increases the efficiency of the system. And, although this is not the best example of a heating system, it has become very widespread among us due to the high material savings.
Disadvantages of a single-pipe heating system: complex thermal and hydraulic calculation of the network;
- it is difficult to eliminate errors in the calculations of heating devices;
- the interdependence of the work of all elements of the network;
- high hydrodynamic resistance;
- a limited number of heating devices on one riser;
- the inability to regulate the flow of coolant into individual heating devices;
- high heat losses.
Improvement of single-pipe heating systems
A technical solution has been developed that makes it possible to regulate the operation of individual heating devices connected to one pipe. Special closing sections - bypasses - are connected to the network. The bypass is a jumper in the form of a pipe segment that connects the direct pipe of the heating radiator and the return pipe. It is equipped with taps or valves. The bypass makes it possible to connect automatic thermostats to the radiator. This allows you to regulate the temperature of each battery and, if necessary, shut off the coolant supply to any individual heating device. Thanks to this, it is possible to repair and replace individual devices without completely shutting down the entire heating system. Proper connection of the bypass makes it possible to redirect the coolant flow through the riser, bypassing the replaced or repaired element. For high-quality installation of such devices, it is better to invite a specialist. 
Vertical and horizontal riser layout
According to the installation scheme, single-pipe heating can be horizontal and vertical. A vertical riser is the connection of all heaters in series from top to bottom. If the batteries are connected in series to each other throughout the floor, this is a horizontal riser. The disadvantage of both connections is the air locks that occur in heating radiators and pipes due to accumulating air. 
The heating system with one main riser is equipped with heating devices with improved characteristics in terms of reliability. All single pipe system devices are designed for high temperature and must withstand high pressure.
Installation technology of a single-pipe heating system
1. Installation of the boiler in the selected location. It is better to use the services of a specialist from a service center if the boiler is under warranty.
2. Installation of the main pipeline. If an improved system is being installed, then the mandatory installation of tees at the connection points of radiators and bypasses. For heating system with natural circulation when installing pipes
create a slope of 3 - 5o per meter of length, for a system with forced circulation of the coolant - 1 cm per meter of length.
3. Installation of a circulation pump. The circulation pump is designed for temperatures up to 60 ° C, therefore it is installed in that part of the system where the lowest temperature is, that is, at the inlet of the return pipe to the boiler. The pump is powered by the power supply.
4. Installation of the expansion tank. An open expansion tank is installed at the highest point of the system, a closed one - more often near the boiler.
5. Installation of radiators. They make markings for installing radiators, fix the latter with brackets. At the same time, they comply with the recommendations of instrument manufacturers on observing distances from walls, window sills, and floors.
6. The radiators are connected according to the selected scheme, installing Mayevsky taps (for airing the radiators), blocking taps, plugs.
7. Pressure testing of the system is carried out (air or water is supplied to the system under pressure to check the quality of connection of all elements of the system). Only after that, the coolant is poured into the heating system and a test run of the system is performed, the adjustment elements are adjusted. 
Two-pipe heating systems, like single-pipe ones, are divided into open and closed depending on the type of expansion tank. In modern two-pipe closed heating systems, membrane-type expansion tanks are used. The systems are officially recognized as the most environmentally friendly and safe.
According to the method of connecting elements in a two-pipe heating system, there are: vertical and horizontal systems.
In a vertical system All radiators are connected to a vertical riser. Such a system allows you to connect each floor separately to the riser in a multi-storey building. With this connection, there are no air pockets during operation. But the cost of this connection is somewhat higher. 
Two-pipe horizontal the heating system is mainly used in one-story houses with a large area. In this system, heaters are connected to a horizontal pipeline. Risers for wiring connecting heating elements are best installed on the stairwell or in the corridor. Air congestion is bled by Mayevsky cranes. 
Horizontal heating system is with bottom and top wiring. If the wiring is lower, then the “hot” pipeline runs in the lower part of the building: under the floor, in the basement. In this case, the return line is laid even lower. To improve the circulation of the coolant, the boiler is deepened so that all radiators are above it. Below is the return line. The upper air line, which is necessarily included in the circuit, serves to remove air from the network. If the wiring is top, then the “hot” pipeline runs along the top of the building. The place for laying the pipeline is usually an insulated attic. With good pipe insulation, heat loss is minimal. With a flat roof, this design is unacceptable.
Advantages of a two-pipe heating system:
- even at the design stage, it is planned to install automatic temperature controllers for heating radiators and, therefore, the possibility of controlling the temperature in each room;
- pipes in the premises are routed through a special collector system, which ensures the independence of the operation of the circuit devices;
- in other words, the circuit elements in a two-pipe system are connected in parallel, in contrast to a single-pipe system, where the connection is sequential;
- batteries can be inserted into this system even after the main line is assembled, which is impossible with a single-pipe system;
- a two-pipe heating system is easy to extend in the vertical and horizontal direction (if you have to complete the construction of the house, then the heating system does not need to be changed). 
For this system, it is not necessary to increase the number of sections in the radiators in order to increase the volume of coolants. Errors made at the design stage are easily eliminated. The system is less vulnerable to defrosting.
Disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system:
- more complex connection scheme;
- higher project cost (much more pipes are required);
- more labor-intensive installation.
But these shortcomings are very well compensated in winter, when the maximum heat accumulation occurs in the house.
Installation of a two-pipe heating system
I. Installation of a heating system with upper horizontal wiring
1. An angle fitting is mounted to the branch pipe leaving the boiler, which turns the pipe upwards.
2. Using tees and angles, mount the top line. Moreover, the tees are mounted above the batteries.
3. When the upper line is mounted, the tees are connected to the upper pipe of the battery, a shut-off valve is installed at the junction.
4. Then the lower branch of the discharge pipeline is mounted. She bypasses the perimeter of the house and collects all the pipes coming from the lowest point of the batteries. Usually this branch is mounted at the basement level.
5. The free end of the outlet pipe is mounted in the receiving pipe of the boiler, if necessary, a circulation pump is installed in front of the inlet.
In a similar way, a closed system with a constant pressure maintained by a pressure pump and an open heating system with an open expansion tank at the highest point are mounted.
The main inconvenience of a two-pipe heating system with an upper wiring is the installation of an expansion tank outside a warm room on the ceiling. The heating system with the upper wiring also does not allow the selection of hot water for technical needs, as well as combining the expansion tank with the supply tank of the house's water supply system.
II. Installation of a heating system with lower horizontal piping
The bottom piping system replaced the two-pipe heating system with the top piping. This made it possible to place an open-type expansion tank in a warm room and an easily accessible place. It also became possible to save some pipes, combining the expansion tank and the supply tank of the house's water supply system. The compatibility of the two tanks eliminated the need to control the level of the coolant, made it possible, if necessary, to use hot water directly from the heating system.
In such a scheme, the outlet line remains at the same level, and the supply line drops to the level of the outlet line. This improves aesthetics and reduces pipe consumption. But it works only in systems with forced circulation.
Installation sequence:
1. Downward-facing elbow fittings are mounted on the boiler nozzles.
2. At floor level, two lines of pipes are mounted along the walls. One line is connected to the supply outlet of the boiler, and the second to the receiving outlet.
3. T-pieces are installed under each battery, connecting the batteries to the pipeline.
4. An expansion tank is installed at the top of the supply pipe.
5. As in the case of the upper wiring, the free end of the outlet pipe is connected to the circulation pump, and the pump is connected to the inlet of the heating tank.
Maintenance of a two-pipe heating system
For high-quality maintenance of the heating system, it is necessary to implement a whole range of measures, including adjustment, balancing and tuning of a two-pipe heating system. To adjust and balance the system, special pipes are used, located at the highest and lowest points of the heat pipe. Air is discharged through the upper pipe, and water is supplied or drained through the lower pipe. With the help of special taps, excess air in the batteries is bled. To regulate the pressure in the system, a special container is used, into which air is pumped using a conventional pump. Special regulators, reducing the pressure in a particular battery, adjust the two-pipe heating system. The consequence of pressure redistribution is the equalization of temperatures between the first and last batteries.
Owners of private houses often face the choice of which type of home heating to give preference. There are only two types of heating systems traditionally used in everyday life: one-pipe and two-pipe. Each type has both advantages and disadvantages. The difference between both systems lies in the different way of delivering the coolant to the heating devices. Which heating structure for your own home is better, one-pipe or two-pipe - choose directly to the owner of the house, taking into account their own domestic needs, the estimated heated area and the availability of finances.
In the first version, heat is distributed throughout the house through one pipe, sequentially heating each room of the house. In the second case, the complex is equipped with two pipes. One is a direct supply of coolant to. Another pipe serves to drain the cooled liquid back to the boiler for subsequent heating. A correct assessment of your own financial capabilities, an accurate calculation of the optimal parameters of the coolant in each individual case, will help not only determine the type of heating system, but also correctly.
You can understand and figure out what is best for you, a one-pipe or two-pipe heating system, only after a thorough study of the technical nuances.
A single-pipe heating system can work both with a pump and with natural circulation of the coolant. Considering the second type, you should delve a little into the existing laws of physics. It is based on the principle of expansion of a liquid when heated. During operation, the heating boiler heats the coolant, which, due to the temperature difference and the pressure created, rises through the riser to the highest point of the system. The movement of the coolant upwards is carried out along one pipe, reaching the expansion tank. Accumulating there, hot water fills all series-connected batteries through a descending pipe.
Accordingly, the first connection points along the course of the coolant will receive maximum heat, while partially cooled liquid will already enter the radiators located further.
For large, multi-storey buildings, such a scheme is extremely inefficient, although in terms of installation and maintenance costs, a single-pipe system looks attractive. For private one-story houses, residential buildings with two floors, a similar principle of heat distribution is acceptable. Heating residential premises using a single-pipe scheme in a one-story house is quite effective. With a small heated area, the temperature in the radiators is almost the same. The use of the pump in longer systems also has a positive effect on the uniformity of heat distribution.
The quality of heating and the cost of installation in this case may depend on the type of connection. Diagonal connection of radiators gives greater heat transfer, but is used less often, due to the larger number of pipes needed to connect all heating appliances in residential premises.
The scheme with the lower connection of radiators looks more economical due to the lower consumption of materials. From an aesthetic point of view, this type of connection looks preferable.
For owners of small residential buildings, a single-pipe heating system looks tempting, especially if you pay attention to its following advantages:
The indirect advantages of a single-pipe system include the safety of the supply of coolant, which diverges through the pipeline through natural circulation.
The most common problems that owners of a single-pipe heating system have to face include the following aspects:
Despite the listed disadvantages of this type of heating, a well-designed heating system will avoid many difficulties even at the installation stage. In view of the listed advantages and the economic component, single-pipe schemes have become quite widespread. Both a single-pipe and another type, a two-pipe heating system, have real advantages. What can you win and what can you lose by choosing one of the types for your home?
Single-pipe systems are divided into vertical and horizontal. In most cases, vertical wiring is used for multi-storey buildings. In this case, all radiators are connected in series from top to bottom. With horizontal wiring, the batteries are connected one after the other horizontally. The main disadvantage of both options is frequent air congestion due to air accumulation in the radiators. The proposed scheme makes it possible to get an idea of some wiring options.
Connection methods in this case are selected at the discretion of the owner. Heating radiators can be connected via side connection, diagonal or bottom connection. The figure shows similar connection options.
For the owner of the house, the economic feasibility of the equipment installed in the house and the effect obtained are always an important aspect. Do not underestimate the option with a single-pipe heating system. Today, in practice, quite effective measures are being taken to improve heating schemes of this type.
For example: there is a technical solution that allows you to independently adjust the heating of individual radiators connected to the same line. For this purpose, bypasses are created in the system - a pipe segment that creates a bypass movement of the coolant from a straight pipe to the return, bypassing the circuit of a certain battery.
Valves and valves are placed on the bypasses, blocking the flow of the coolant. You can install thermostats on radiators that allow you to control the heating temperature in each radiator or throughout the system as a whole. A competent specialist will be able to calculate and install bypasses to achieve maximum efficiency. In the diagram you can see the principle of operation of bypasses.
Two-pipe heating system. Operating principleHaving become acquainted with the first type of heating system, a single-pipe, it's time to deal with the features and principle of operation of a two-pipe heating scheme. A thorough analysis of the technological and technical parameters of heating of this type allows consumers to make an independent choice - which heating is more efficient in a particular case, one-pipe or two-pipe.
The basic principle is the presence of two circuits along which the coolant diverges through the system. One pipe provides the coolant supply to the heating radiators. The second branch is designed so that the already cooled coolant, after passing through the radiator, returns back to the boiler. And so constantly, in a circle, while the heating is on. At first glance, the very presence of two pipelines in the scheme can repel consumers. The long length of highways, the complexity of wiring are factors that often scare owners of private houses away from a two-pipe heating system.
This is at first glance. Like single-pipe systems, two-pipe systems are divided into closed and open. The difference in this case lies in the design of the expansion tank.
Closed with a membrane expansion tank are the most practical, convenient and safe to use. The obvious benefits are confirmed by:
Based on the foregoing, one unambiguous conclusion can be drawn. A two-pipe heating system is much more flexible and more technologically advanced than a single-pipe one.
For comparison, the following diagram is presented:
The two-pipe System is very convenient for operation in a house in which it is planned to increase the living space, extension options are possible, both up and along the perimeter of the building. Already at the stage of work, technical errors made during the design can be easily eliminated. Such a scheme is more stable and reliable than a single-pipe one.
With all the obvious advantages, before choosing this type of heating, it is appropriate to recall the disadvantages of a two-pipe system.
It's important to know! The system is characterized by a higher complexity and cost of installation and rather cumbersome connection options.
If you have a competent specialist at hand, the necessary technical calculations have been carried out, then the listed disadvantages are easily compensated by the advantages of a two-pipe heating scheme.
As in the case of a single-pipe system, the two-pipe option involves the use of a vertical or horizontal arrangement of pipelines. Vertical system - radiators are connected to a vertical riser. This type is convenient for two-story private houses and cottages. Air congestion is not terrible for you. In the case of the horizontal version, the radiators in each room or room are connected to a pipeline located horizontally. Two-pipe horizontal heating schemes are mainly designed for heating one-story buildings and large residential buildings with the need for floor-by-floor adjustment. Arising air jams are easily eliminated by installing Mayevsky cranes on radiators.
The figure shows a vertical two-pipe heating system. Below you can see what a two-pipe horizontal type system looks like.
Traditionally, radiators can be connected using bottom and top wiring. Depending on the technical conditions and the project, the choice of wiring option depends on the owner of the house. The top wiring is more convenient. All highways can be hidden in the attic space. The system creates the circulation necessary for a good distribution of the coolant. The main disadvantage of a two-pipe heating scheme with an upper wiring option is the need to install a membrane tank outside the heated premises. The upper wiring does not allow the intake of technical water for domestic needs, as well as connecting the expansion tank to the tank for hot water used in everyday life. This scheme is not suitable for flat-roofed residential properties.
The selected type of heating for a private house should provide all the inhabitants of the residential building with the necessary comfort. Save on heating is not worth it. By installing a heating system in your house that does not meet the parameters of a residential facility and domestic needs, you run the risk of spending a lot of money on refurbishment in the future.
Two-pipe or one-pipe heating system - the choice should always be justified, both from a technical point of view and from an economic one.
