A blind area must be built around any building, or rather along its perimeter. This coating protects the building from the destructive effects of melt and sediment waters, which can wash away the soil under the foundation of the house and lead to its subsidence, as well as destroy the foundation structures. This important protective element around the house is made of concrete or asphalt concrete. In order to complete the blind area, you need to build formwork. At first glance, this is not difficult to do, but there are some nuances that must be observed so that the blind area has the correct slope from the walls of the building. In our article we will tell you how to make formwork around the house.
Externally, the blind area looks like an ordinary concrete or asphalt path, which is tightly adjacent to the walls of the building and encircles its perimeter. The width of this covering is standardized by SNiP and can be at least 1 m. It is worth remembering that the outer edge of the blind area must protrude beyond the roof overhang by at least 200-300 mm.
Important: installation of this protective coating is carried out after façade finishing work has been completed on the house.
The blind area performs several functions at once:
The following materials can be used to make this coating:
Before you get down to work and start making formwork near your house with your own hands, you should remember a few simple rules that will allow you to complete everything at the highest level:
For the manufacture of formwork you can use different materials, which are selected depending on the complexity of the design and its purpose:
To form the blind area, unedged boards or plywood sawn in strips are suitable. Since poured concrete can slightly expand the formwork structures, bars with a cross-section of 30x30 are used as supports and a supporting frame, from which a durable structure is made.
Important: to make a protective coating around the house, removable formwork is usually used, which is dismantled after the concrete has hardened.
It is equally important to correctly determine the material for making the blind area. The covering can be made from compacted crushed stone, but in this case it is necessary to arrange a good drainage from the roof so that the flowing precipitation does not erode the fragile crushed stone covering.
A little better and more durable than crushed stone coverings will be a blind area made of cement mortar, laid on top of compacted crushed stone. This option provides better protection for the foundation of the house from destruction by melt and sediment waters. And it is this option for arranging the blind area that involves the implementation of formwork.
More expensive and quality option blind area devices - laying monolithic concrete slabs or reinforced slab products. But such materials cannot be used on heaving and clayey soils, as well as at high groundwater levels, since the structure can quickly deform.
In case of execution concrete blind area you will need the following tools and materials for work:
After you have decided on the material for making the blind area, calculated its width and the required slope, you can start working:
Attention: to prevent concrete from leaking between the boards, the gaps between adjacent elements should not be more than 0.3 cm.
After the formwork has been assembled, you can begin to make a concrete covering around the house. At the same time, they adhere to next sequence actions:
Important: in order for the coating to have sufficiently high strength and not crack over time, concrete must be poured at a time, without long breaks in work.
How to make formwork around a house with your own hands
The foundation is poured into pre-arranged formwork. This structure must be installed in compliance with the following established rules and normal. Check out the features existing varieties formworks, the procedure for their calculation, instructions for the construction of the most common structures and get to work.
Of course, before erecting the formwork, you need to decide on the type of foundation that you will build. We recommend reading the following materials on our portal:
- First of all, we suggest you familiarize yourself with step-by-step technology construction strip foundation. In which, among other things, it talks about the method of constructing wooden formwork.
Foundation formwork can be made from different materials.
Universal and most expensive formwork option. To assemble the structure, steel sheets with a thickness of 1-2 mm are used.
Metal formwork is perfect for arranging strip and monolithic foundation structures. it will be possible to weld directly to the formwork sheets, which will help increase the rigidity of the foundation.
The main advantage of the metal is the simplicity and convenience of its processing - the sheets can be bent to the required shape of the concrete base without any problems.
The main disadvantage metal formwork is her very high price, when compared with other existing options.
A relatively expensive type of formwork.
This formwork is constructed from concrete slabs. Depending on the thickness of the slabs used, when pouring the foundation it will be possible to slightly reduce the consumption of concrete mixture, which will save on the construction of the foundation without deteriorating the strength and other important characteristics designs.
Among the disadvantages, it is necessary to note the large weight of the slabs, which requires the use of special equipment for their installation.
Moreover, if the formwork is made from ready-made slabs and the dimensions of one element are not enough, you will have to install additional spacers, which will also not have the best effect on the final cost of the structure.
Very high quality and practical option. The formwork is assembled from ready-made individual polystyrene foam blocks. The formwork elements are extremely easy to install. They can be processed to the required shape without any problems.
The main disadvantages are difficulties at the stage of selecting certain structural elements (usually roundings and corners) and relatively high cost.
During the process of arranging the formwork, make sure that its walls are installed exclusively vertically.
It is important that there are no large gaps in the structure. Seal gaps with suitable materials at hand. IN in this case A gap with a width of more than 4-5 mm is considered large - such a gap will be quite enough for concrete mortar to leak.
Additionally, to prevent minor leaks of the solution, you can attach plastic film to the inner surface of the formwork walls.
It is recommended to dismantle removable formwork only after the foundation has reached the required strength. On average, this takes 3-5 weeks. The gaps left after dismantling the formwork are usually filled with soil. In some situations they are filled with concrete or cement
Good luck!
Construction boards
The most important part of any structure is the foundation. occurs only after the formwork has been installed. This design is installed if all norms and rules are observed. Before starting construction work, study the types of formwork and read the instructions for their installation.
Beginners in construction have a question: “What is foundation formwork?” Is it metal or wooden structure, which helps to give the desired parameters (shape, position, structure) to concrete or primer solutions. It consists of form-building elements, fasteners and supporting materials.
There are two main types of formwork: removable, which must be removed after the poured mixture has hardened, and permanent, which remains part of the structure. The structure is divided into frame, beam and tunnel systems.
Before installing the formwork, it is worth checking it for compliance with the requirements:
Used for foundation formwork various materials, the most popular of them is wood. The main requirement is that any material must create a flat surface.
Removable formwork allows it to be used on walls, ceilings, for casting columns or reinforced concrete elements. Experts highlight modular, inventory metal structures that have high accuracy compatibility of elements, reliability and a large number of application cycles. Used in monolithic construction.
This option is the most common. To equip the formwork, use plywood sheets or. The main advantages of this material are low price, ease of use. Negative factor is the need to use additional tools that help strengthen the structure. For beginners in construction, it is best to use formwork from boards with your own hands to avoid further problems with pouring the foundation.
Board formwork Formwork made from such materials is suitable only for small buildings. Its main advantage is its low cost, the disadvantages are difficulty in use, the danger of solution leakage, the use of additional supports and low load-bearing capacity.
The main characteristic of permanent formwork is that after the concrete hardens, it remains in the foundation forever. This design is assembled from scrap materials, fiberboard and fiberboard, and installation is much faster and more economical. If it is necessary to increase the strength of the base, materials such as metal hollow pipes are used for formwork.
The most expensive formwork material. Sheets of steel 2 mm thick are used. This type of formwork is suitable for equipping strip and monolithic foundations. The reinforcement is nailed directly to the sheets, and the sheets themselves are bent to fit the shape of the concrete base. The main disadvantage of this material is its high cost.
- it is high quality and practical choice. It is easy to install and takes any shape. But the material also has a number of disadvantages - a rather high price and difficulties in selecting elements.
Not removable formwork made of expanded polystyrene An expensive type of formwork is the use of concrete slabs. By increasing the thickness of the formwork, the amount of concrete base required can be reduced, which will help save money on construction without compromising the quality of the building. But at the same time, due to the large weight, you will need to install additional supports, which will also require certain funds.
How to make formwork for a foundation with your own hands? There are several ways to install the structure.
Do-it-yourself permanent formwork for the foundation is installed according to the following instructions:
DIY foundation formwork Installation of removable formwork is carried out in similar steps:
In order to avoid destruction of the formwork under the weight of the base, it should be carefully secured with braces from the outside. They should stand no more than one meter apart. On both sides, stops are placed in the corners where the heaviest load occurs. If the height of the shield is more than 2 meters, then it is worth building two levels of spacers. Stabilization of the distance between two shields is carried out using 10 mm studs, nuts or metal spacers. Hairpins are 10-15 centimeters long. The structure is assembled in the following sequence:
Spacers on the formwork for the foundation When removing the formwork, the nuts are unscrewed and the studs are removed, then the panels are removed.
Polystyrene formwork avoids dampness and insulates the structure. First, check the surface of the foundation and level it if necessary. We make markings, highlight corners and other important elements. Connect blocks along the perimeter of the building, especially in the corners. Check all markings and installation using a level. Next comes the stage of installing reinforcement and pouring concrete.
It's really a good idea to save money when installing formwork. One way is to pour the formwork over several days, this is especially true if the foundation is deep. This will not harm the strength of the fill in any way. Concrete can be divided horizontally and vertically.
It is important to calculate this process according to plan. If the foundation depth is 1.5 meters, it is enough to divide the pouring into three stages of 50 cm each. Follow these instructions:
Pouring the foundation in layers Dividing the plan vertically is another way of filling. The joints must be placed at a certain distance when dividing the foundation into several parts. There are several steps to take:
On our website you will find a lot useful materials:
Installing formwork is a process that requires special care, because further construction, strength and reliability of the foundation depend on it. If you follow the advice described in the material, the laid foundation will serve you for decades.
Formwork for strip foundations is special form designed to be filled with concrete. Its installation is carried out immediately after completing the trench and platform for the foundation of the building. If desired, it is not difficult to do it yourself.
When constructing various structures and houses, it is impossible to do without formwork - a structural form-building element in which the concrete mixture hardens. With proper design, you can minimize the cost of constructing a strip foundation and at the same time obtain a truly reliable and durable underground foundation for any building, from a fence to a residential building.
The formwork is manufactured in two types. It can be removable or non-removable. Removable is most often used in conditions suburban construction when constructing private houses on a strip foundation. It is easy to make with your own hands from almost any wooden blocks and boards. Construction of more complex drilling rigs columnar foundations involves the use of permanent formwork. Such a structure, as its name implies, remains part of the building’s foundation forever; it is not removed after the concrete has hardened.
Nowadays, permanent formwork made of expanded polystyrene is in demand (including in private construction). It, firstly, provides the required shape to the concrete solution poured into the foundation, and secondly, it serves as a high-quality and effective heat insulator.
These days in construction stores Ready-made formworks are sold. They have a number of undoubted advantages:
But ready-made kits cost a lot of money. Therefore, private construction usually uses formwork, which can be done with your own hands at low cost. Such an event is quite labor-intensive. In this case, you will only need to stock up on boards (plywood), ordinary nails and wooden planks to build a secure form for pouring concrete.
For a strip foundation at home, it is recommended to make the form we are interested in concrete composition from plywood or boards. It is made in the form of shields, fixed on a base made of wooden blocks. The resulting panels are assembled into one structure using clamps, slopes and simple ties, and then mounted in a trench for. Here it is important to ensure that the inside surface of the panel structure is as even and smooth as possible.
The “uneven” side with all the elements for attaching individual parts of the formwork is brought out. To make a collapsible form for concrete with your own hands, use birch plywood sheets or an edged board (it is allowed to work with second-grade material) with a thickness of 2.4 to 3.6 cm. It is easy to make a panel frame from bars with dimensions of 6x4 cm, fasteners (ties , clamps, etc.) - from leftovers wood materials. You just need to ensure that they are firmly attached. After using the formwork, it is removed.
You can use this form many times later. . To make the process of dismantling it quick and convenient, it is recommended to line the formwork that you made with your own hands with plastic film.
In practice, the construction of a foundation form looks like this. First, cut the bars into pieces of equal sizes and sharpen one of their sides. Then you need to cut the plywood or boards as accurately and correctly as possible - so that they fit geometric parameters shields It is important to tightly fit the elements of the panel structure, trying not to leave even the slightest gaps between them. With due diligence, this stage of work can be done quite simply with your own hands.
Please note that the heads of the hardware must be inside the self-made panel structure for the strip foundation. If you do the opposite, the edges of the screws or nails will not allow you to easily remove the formwork after the concrete has hardened. If you need to make a foundation that has a certain expansion in its lower part, the panels must be rested against the board (it will serve as a support), and the bars must be cut to the width of the frame. In this case, the latter is allowed not to be deepened into the ground.
We continue to make formwork with our own hands according to this scheme:
If the stability of strip foundation boards is low, they can be made more reliable. It is easy to strengthen the structure with special spacers made from bevels on the outside and bars on the inside. The cut is the same block, but cut at a 45-degree angle. It is mounted sideways between the panel frame and the ground. In fact, you have already managed to build the simplest formwork with your own hands. You just need to put a thick polyethylene film on its walls and bottom (such protection will not allow evaporation cement mixture and eliminate the risk of concrete mortar leakage).
Then the bar reinforcement for the strip foundation is installed, the mold is filled with concrete and its surface is leveled. There is nothing more to do. You need to wait until the concrete mixture sets. Dismantling of the formwork is carried out when a small gap appears between concrete base and boards. To achieve a strip foundation with a minimum of effort, tap the outside panel frame.
First of all, you need to dismantle the clamps, slopes and ties. And only after this, remove all the panels that make up the structure (this must be done one by one - one part of the frame, then the second, and so on). We hope that the installation of formwork will be simple and quick for you, thanks to our advice. And you will get a truly solid foundation “for centuries.”
The main requirement for formwork for a strip foundation is that it must be rigid and strong so that the shape zero level was perfect. That is why deviations in the geometry of the formwork cannot be more than 2 mm and there can be no more than 2 mm gaps in the joints between the boards and panels - all this can be easily controlled with a two-meter lath. So, the construction of formwork for the foundation and its types - this article will tell you about all the subtleties and nuances.
For a strip foundation, the installation of formwork occurs as follows: guide boards are placed and secured with pegs that are driven into the ground. Then boards are placed on one side of the foundation so that their plane completely coincides with the edge of the board.
The shields are secured with braces in a strictly vertical position. And then the shields are placed on the other side of the foundation, and here it is extremely important to observe its internal dimensions.
Next, the shields are secured with spacers and additional clamps every half a meter or meter, which will not allow the formwork to open when pouring concrete. They can be secured from the outside with the same struts, spacers or pegs. All this is removable formwork for the foundation.
The formwork for the strip foundation is traditionally built from boards and panels of hardwood and coniferous species, the humidity of which does not exceed 22%. That is, it is the same moisture-resistant plywood, chipboard and fiberboard. And in order for the temperature and humidity conditions to be optimal, the entire inner surface of the formwork is often lined with plastic film - it can be easily attached to the boards with a regular furniture stapler. This way the solution will not escape through the cracks, and the entire mixture will harden quickly and efficiently.
How to make formwork for a foundation from scrap materials? Easily! You can even make it from plywood - cheap and cheerful. Its sheets must be fastened together with self-tapping screws and steel corners. But the joints should be covered with strips of more thin plywood, on self-tapping screws. Holes for the ties must be made horizontally in increments of 550 mm, 50 mm vertically and 250 mm from the top.
Supports here need to be placed only in places - to level the formwork vertically. But for the longest sections of the foundation, in order to achieve straightness, a steel rectangular pipe 25x60 mm is screwed on edge along the very top of the plywood.
Plastic formwork for foundations is also popular today - and it is not expensive.
Fixed formwork is much easier to install than traditional formwork - everyone who could was convinced of this. But, besides this advantage, such formwork has a whole range of undeniable advantages- and the most important of them is that permanent formwork itself also creates a heat-insulating layer for the foundation. And yes, you don’t need to remove it later.
So, what is permanent formwork for a foundation? These are slabs or blocks made of polystyrene foam. They are distinguished by increased density, and are attached to each other with special jumpers, while the perimeter part has locking grooves. The weight of one such element reaches only one and a half kilograms. And the concrete mixture will not leak anywhere during the pouring process - the tightness of such joints is high.
No supporting elements are needed here - this is another quite significant plus. In addition, such formwork makes it easy to ensure correct geometric shapes any foundation - even complex design with steps. But special grooves are placed on the inside of the formwork slabs - they help the concrete mixture to effectively adhere to wall surfaces. In total, such a protective structure consists of three layers - and it is installed in one production cycle. The base materials are well protected, thermally insulated and cannot be destroyed by either external atmospheric phenomena or water. This is both waterproofing and protection against fungus - after all, such blocks cope perfectly with any destructive organisms, so there can be no rot or mold on such a foundation. And such a foundation has served for more than 80 years - and this is not the limit.
As a result, the entire production of the tape turns out to be extremely simple - concrete is poured between the formwork slabs and, if necessary, reinforced in advance. And after the concrete mixture hardens, the formwork for the polystyrene foam foundation is no longer removed - they will protect the foundation from heat loss for many decades to come. And the most important thing is that even the most distant person from construction can easily build such a foundation - everything is so simple that it reminds many of an ordinary children's construction set.
The only thing you need to do is to create a good drainage system. And without any problems, a ventilation system is created inside such a foundation, and pipelines and electrical wiring are laid.
As a result, the foundation for the bathhouse turns out to be warm, protected and economical - special studies have shown that polystyrene foam formwork speeds up the process by one and a half times. construction works, its labor intensity is reduced by 40%, and 25% is less than the estimated costs for the construction of a zero level. This option is ideal for your favorite bathhouse.
